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练习 28 阅读理解＋完形填空
授课提示：对应学生用书69页
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·深圳市高三调研 应用文 285词 ★★☆☆☆
“You're so smart！” This encouraging response to children's math performance is
commonly heard. Recently, a new study, conducted by the University of Georgia, found that
encouraging children with responses related to their personal characteristics or inborn abilities
might weaken their math motivation and achievement over time.
Parents who make comments linking their children's performance to personal characteristics
like intelligence are using what's referred to as person responses. In contrast, parents who link
their children's actions, such as efforts or strategy use, to their performance are using process
responses.
For the study, researchers asked more than 500 parents to report on how they responded to
their children's math performance and their math beliefs and goals. Children were assessed in two
waves across a year to measure their math motivation and achievement.
The results show that parents who view math ability as changeable are more likely to give
process responses focused on their children's strategy use and efforts rather than their intelligence
or other personal characteristics. In contrast, parents who believe math ability is unchangeable and
that math failure can't be constructive give more person responses. Parents with high expectations
for their children give a combination of both responses. While responses highlighting strategy and
efforts are not related to any achievement outcomes, children who receive more responses about
their personal characteristics—in particular, related to failure—are more likely to avoid harder
math problems, exhibit higher levels of math anxiety, and score lower on math achievement tests.
Because person responses predict poor math adjustment in children over time, researchers
suggest parents limit this type of responses at home. Another recommendation for parents is to
think about their own beliefs and goals for their kids and examine how these might lead them to
respond in person or process ways. Simply telling parents to avoid talking about math ability may
not be enough. Focusing less on how children perform and more on their strategy and enjoyment
of math might be a more effective way to enhance motivation.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了一项新的研究发现，用孩子们的个人特征或天生能力
鼓励他们，可能会随着时间的推移削弱他们的数学动机和成就。
1．Which of the following is an example of process responses?
A．You are a lucky dog.
B．Running is in your blood.
C．What works well for your study?
D．Why are you such a math genius?
答案与解析：C 推断。明题意：本题问“以下哪一项是过程性反馈的例子？”→寻线索：根据第二段中的“parents who link their children's actions, such as efforts or strategy use,
to their performance are using process responses”可知，过程性反馈与孩子的策略应用或努力
等行为相关→定答案：C项“什么对你的学习很有用呢”是对策略方面的反馈，故C项正
确。
2．What can be inferred from the study results?
A．Parents prefer to give more process responses.
B.Children are more likely to be affected by math anxiety.
C．Process responses help with children's math achievement.
D．Person responses can discourage children from learning math.
答案与解析：D 推断。根据第四段中的“children who receive more responses...exhibit
higher levels of math anxiety, and score lower on math achievement tests”可知，接受更多个人
特征相关的反馈的孩子更可能避开更难的数学题，展现出更高水平的数学焦虑，且在数学
测试中得分更低。据此可以推断，个人特征相关的反馈可能会打击孩子学习数学的信心，
故D项正确。
3．What do researchers advise parents to do?
A．Restrict person responses.
B．Defend their own beliefs.
C．Stress children's performance.
D．Ignore children's math problems.
答案与解析：A 理解具体信息。根据最后一段中的“Because person responses
predict...parents limit this type of responses at home”可知，研究人员建议家长在家里限制(减
少)使用个人反馈，故A项正确。
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Strategy Children Adopt to Learn Math Helps
B．The Way Parents Talk to Children on Math Matters
C.Responses to Enhance Children's Math Performance
D.Suggestions for Parents to Teach Their Children Math
答案与解析：B 理解文章主旨要义。根据第一段中的“encouraging children with
responses related to..motivation and achievement over time”可知，用孩子们的个人特征或天生
能力相关的反馈鼓励他们，可能会削弱他们的数学动机和成就；第二段介绍了家长的两种
反馈模式；第三、四段讲述了相关研究；最后一段提出了一些建议，充分说明了使用正确
反馈方式的重要性，故B项“父母和孩子们谈论数学的方式很重要”适合作本文的标题。
B
2024·四省高考测试 记叙文 314词 ★★★☆☆
As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could
make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of
nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during
holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children.
Toumi witnessed firsthand the destructive effect of desertification. “Within 10 years rich
farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara
Desert in its tracks.”A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts (干
旱) have led to an estimated 75 per cent of Tunisia's agricultural lands being threatened by
desertification.Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change. She is confident that small land
areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops, using new
technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilisers (肥料) rather than
chemicals.
In 2012, Toumi consolidated her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a
programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want
to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is
better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is
living with no access to water.”
By September 2016, more than 130，000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms,
with farmers recording a 60 per cent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia
trees are needed to protect Tunisia's farmland. She expects to plant 1 million trees by 2018. In the
next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco.
【语篇解读】 文章讲述的是小时候Sarah Toumi和父亲去突尼斯度假，发现当地农田
荒漠化很严重，后来她成立Acacias for All，想通过种植金合欢树来保护突尼斯的农田，并
且初见成效。
5．How did Toumi's holiday trips to Tunisia influence her?
A．They made her decide to leave the country.
B．They helped her better understand her father.
C.They fired her enthusiasm for helping others.
D.They destroyed her dream of being a teacher.
答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。明题意：本题问“Toumi去突尼斯的度假如何影响了
她？”→寻线索：根据第一段中“Her passion to help others...in the east of the country during
holidays”可知，当她陪着她的父亲在假期去他在该国东部的出生地时，她帮助他人的热情
被唤醒了→定答案：故C项“他们激起了她帮助他人的热情”正确。
6．What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia's farmland?
A．Low rainfall. B．Soil pollution.
C．Cold weather. D．Forest damage.
答案与解析：A 理解具体信息。根据第二段中“A decrease in average rainfall...75 per
cent of Tunisia's agricultural lands being threatened by desertification”可知，平均降雨量的减少
和干旱严重程度的增加导致突尼斯大约75%的农业用地受到荒漠化的威胁。故A项正确。
7．Why did Toumi set up Acacias for All in Tunisia?
A.To create job opportunities for young people.
B．To help the children obtain a basic education.
C．To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers.
D.To facilitate the protection of their farmland.
答案与解析：D 理解具体信息。根据第四段中“In 2012, Toumi consolidated her
dream...put her sustainable farming philosophy into action”可知，2012年，Toumi巩固了她对
抗沙漠的梦想，她搬到突尼斯，创立Acacias for All是为了将自己的可持续农业理念付诸行
动，目的是促进农田保护。故D项正确。
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Saving Water in Tunisia
B．Planting Trees of Native Species
C．Holding back the SaharaD．Fighting Poverty in North Africa
答案与解析：C 理解文章主旨要义。首段介绍Toumi陪同父亲到了突尼斯，帮助他
人的热情被唤醒了。根据第二段中“I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks”可知，
Toumi想试图阻止撒哈拉沙漠的继续恶化，接下来就开始介绍 Toumi搬到突尼斯，并创立
Acacias for All，想通过种植植物来保护当地农田，并且取得初步成效。故C选项“Holding
back the Sahara”最适合作本文标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
2024·石家庄市质检 夹叙夹议文 190词 ★★★☆☆
Sculpture is an important art form to highlight a country's national spirit. Chinese sculpture
masterpieces __1__ parts of Chinese history for future generations to learn, and since they're
__2__ art，they display vividly traditional Chinese culture.
I have been __3__ my range of sculpture creations to make them more diverse,
while also making use of __4__ advantages of sculptures to have the Chinese __5__
heard. For example, I employed the universal image of the bridge to create the sculpture “ Golden
Bridge on Silk Road”， and __6__ it with the Belt and Road Initiative. The __7__ I
chose for my work was the Zhaozhou Bridge built 1，400 years ago. This sculpture has served as
a __8__ thing for some of the important __9__ activities in China as it represents one
aspect of our national spirit. It's helped __10__ the appeal of Chinese culture to present
foreigners. __11__， I also made “Boat of Fate” to interpret the idea of the Chinese __12__
“people in the same boat should help each other”．
Rich traditional Chinese culture __13__ the practices of the new age has
provided __14__ sources for art creation—there's no way we lack inspiration. To promote
the creative development of Chinese culture, art will surely do its __15__.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者一直在扩大自己的雕塑创作范围，让世
界听到中国的声音。
1．A.record B．mention
C．affect D．evaluate
答案与解析：A 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文中的“for future generations to learn”可
知，中国雕塑杰作记录了(record)中国历史的一部分，以让后人了解学习。mention“提到”；
affect“影响”；evaluate“评价，评估”。
2．A.creative B. visual
C．original D．popular
答案与解析：B 考查形容词词义辨析。由下文中的“display vividly”可知，由于是视
觉艺术，中国雕塑杰作生动地展示了中国传统文化。creative“有创造力的”；visual“视力
的，视觉的”；original“独创的，起初的”。
3．A.adjusting B. determining
C．grasping D．expanding
答案与解析：D 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文中的“to make them more diverse”可知，
作者一直在扩大自己的雕塑创作范围。adjust“调整”；determine“查明，确定”；
grasp“理解”；expand“扩大”。
4．A.educational B. academic
C．artistic D．political
答案与解析：C 考查形容词词义辨析。雕塑是一种艺术，根据常识可知，作者同时
也在利用雕塑的艺术优势。academic“学术的”；artistic“艺术的”；political“政治的”。5．A.music B．voice
C．language D．tune
答案与解析：B 考查名词词义辨析。根据下文内容，尤其是空后的“heard”可知，此
处表示让中国声音(即态度、意见)被听到。voice“意见，态度，心声”。
6．A.equipped B. compared
C．combined D．replaced
答案与解析：C 考查动词词义辨析。结合语境和雕塑名字可知，作者在创作雕塑
《丝路金桥》时，利用了桥的通用形象，并将其与“一带一路”倡议相结合。equip“配备，
装备”；compare“比较”；combine“结合”；replace“替代”。
7．A.appearance B．model
C．theme D．title
答案与解析：B 考查名词词义辨析。前面提到作者创作雕塑《丝路金桥》时利用了
桥的通用形象，再结合下文中的“the Zhaozhou Bridge built 1，400 years ago”可知，作者
选择以1 400年前建造的赵州桥为模型。appearance“外观”；model“模型”；theme“主
题”；title“标题”。
8．A.grand B. ceremonial
C．historical D．symbolic
答案与解析：D 考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文中的“as it represents one aspect of
our national spirit”可知，这座雕塑曾作为在中国举办的一些重要国际活动的标志性景观。
grand“宏伟的”；ceremonial“礼仪的，礼节的”；historical“(有关)历史的”；
symbolic“使用象征的，作为象征的，象征性的”。
9．A.international B. nationwide
C．recreational D．citywide
答案与解析：A 考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文中的“it represents one...present
foreigners”可知，此处应指在中国举办的一些重要国际(international)活动。nationwide“全
国性的，遍及全国的”；recreational“娱乐的，消遣的”；citywide“全市性的”。
10．A.teach B. owe
C．offer D．exhibit
答案与解析：D 考查动词词义辨析。根据空后的“the appeal of Chinese culture to
present foreigners”可知，这座雕塑展示了中国文化的魅力。exhibit“表现，显示”。
11．A.Consequently B. Eventually
C．Additionally D．Frequently
答案与解析：C 考查副词词义辨析。上文提到作者创作了《丝路金桥》，下文提到
作者还创作了《命运之舟》。因此此处表示“此外”。consequently“结果，因此”；
eventually“最终”；additionally“此外，另外”；frequently“频繁地”。
12．A.character B. tale
C．custom D．idiom
答案与解析：D 考查名词词义辨析。根据下文中的“people in the same boat should
help each other”可知，作者还创作了雕塑《命运之舟》，以诠释中国成语“同舟共济”的思
想。character“角色，性格”；tale“故事，讲述”，custom“习惯，风俗”；idiom“成语，
习语”。
13．A.focused on B. coupled with
C．based on D．filled with
答案与解析：B 考查动词短语词义辨析。根据全文阐述，尤其是下文中的“there's noway we lack inspiration”可知，丰富的中国传统文化加上新时代的实践，为艺术创作提供了
取之不尽的资源。be focused on“关注……”；be coupled with“加上……”；be based
on“以……为基础”；be filled with“充满……”。
14．A.literary B. renewable
C．limitless D．independent
答案与解析：C 考查形容词词义辨析。参见上题解析。literary“文学的”；
renewable“可更新的，可恢复的”；limitless“无穷无尽的”；independent“独立的”。
15．A.part B．work
C．service D．research
答案与解析：A 考查名词词义辨析。此处表示要推动中国文化的创新发展，艺术一
定会尽自己的一份力量。do one's part“尽自己的职责”。
黄金考点
语法填空——非谓语动词
考点40 非谓语动词与谓语动词
Everyone was silent, ________ (wait) to see who would be called to
考例
read his or her paragraph aloud.
主句中已经有谓语was，故可知此处应用非谓语动词。主语
点拨 Everyone与wait之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用wait的ing形
式waiting。
考点41 介词后用动词ing形式作宾语
My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by ________ (sell)
考例
the fish.
点拨 介词by后应接动词ing形式作宾语，故应用sell的ing形式selling。
