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解密05 并列句和从句
A
分层练 熟练必备知识
1.【辽宁省沈阳市重点高中联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】The findings suggest something is special in
the hippocampus (海马体)— a region of the brain ______ supports memory and helps to adjust appetite.
考查定语从句。句意：研究结果表明，海马体是大脑里的一个区域，里面中有一种特殊的物质支持记忆帮
助调节食欲。分析句子结构可知，a region of the brain是hippocampus的同位语，主句的谓语是suggest，定
语从句的谓语是supports，先行词是hippocampus，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词
which或that。故填which或that。
2.【辽宁省沈阳市重点高中联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】Now, in this latest study the scientists of the
team have found that not only do such high-fat and high-sugar diets impair memory in humans, ______ they
appear to directly affect our ability to control our appetite.
考查连词。句意：现在，在这项最新的研究中，该团队的科学家们发现，这种高脂肪、高糖的饮食不仅会
损害人类的记忆力，而且似乎会直接影响我们控制食欲的能力。not only. . . but (also)…为固定搭配，意为
“不但……而且……”。故填but。
3.【2023·辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校月考】There, they get extra help in the areas ________ they’re struggling. IQ
tests can help teachers figure out which students need such extra help.
考查定语从句。句意：在那里，他们在他们困难的领域得到额外的帮助，智商测试可以帮助老师找出哪些
学生需要这种额外的帮助。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词the areas，从句缺少地点状语，用
关系副词where，故填where。
4.【2023·安徽省江淮十校第二次联考】After the Winter Paralympics, the AI sign language TV hostess will be
applied in situations ________ those hearing-impaired people need help to communicate. It is possible that
everyone eventually will have their own avatar.
考查定语从句。句意：冬季残奥会结束后，人工智能手语主播将被应用到听障人士需要帮助沟通的场合。
分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是situations，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词
where。故填where。
5.【2023·安徽省江淮十校第二次联考】 So far, statistics have indicated that the correct rate of sign language
recognition could top 97 percent ________ the correct rate of sign language generation could be even higher on
some special occasions.
考查连词。句意：到目前为止，统计数据表明，手语识别的正确率可以达到97%以上，而在某些特殊场合，
手语生成的正确率甚至可以更高。结合句意可知，前后句表示对比或递进，用连词while或and均可。故
填while/and。
6.【2023·湖北省鄂东南教育教学改革联盟学校联考】The world witnessed ________ was highly praised as
“Chongqing speed” in people’s united action.考查宾语从句。句意：世界见证了人民团结行动中被誉为“重庆速度”的时刻。分析句子结构可知，空处
引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指“……的东西”。故填what。
7.【2023·湖北省鄂东南教育教学改革联盟学校联考】Zeng, 20, a college student, was one of the bricks of the
“Great Human Wall” helping transport supplies to the fire scene. “‘Too busy to feel tired; I have to be faster’ was
the only sound ________ was echoing in my mind,” he recalled.
考查定语从句关系词。句意：“‘忙得感觉不到累；我必须跑得更快’是唯一在我脑海中回响的声音，”
他回忆道。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，应该用关系代词，先行词是
sound，指物，故应该用that或者which引导，但是当先行词有only修饰时，只能用that，不能用which。
故填that。
8.【2023·湖北省高中名校联盟联考】Legend has it ________ during Shennong’s journey, he came across a
steep mountain covered with dense forests.
考查固定句型。句意：传说在神农的旅途中，他遇到了一座覆盖着茂密森林的陡峭的山。have it that…是
一个固定结构，意为“称……属实”，符合句意，故填that。
9.【2023·湖北省高中名校联盟联考】It is a place ________ the Daba Mountain Range and the Qinling
Mountains meet.
考查定语从句。句意：这里是大巴山和秦岭的交汇处。先行词为 place, 因后续的从句里面不缺少名词性成
分，故而用关系副词where做地点状语。故填where。
10.【2023·辽宁省六校联考】Andras Forgacs supports biofabrication. He says it may even be a “natural evolution
of manufacturing for mankind.” We will be able to make the products we need in an efficient, responsible, ______
creative way.
考查连词。句意：我们将能够用一种高效的、有责任心的、创造性的方式制造我们需要的产品。efficient，
responsible和creative是并列关系，故填and。
11.【2023·辽宁省六校联考】Next, the scientists take the cells and spread them out to form thin sheets, ______
are then put together to combine into a little thicker sheets. Anyone can then dye and finish the leather and design it
in any way they like.
考查定语从句。分析句子可知， are then put together to combine into a little
(thick) sheets是定语从句，先行词是sheets，从句中做主语，引导非限制性定语从句，用关系代
词which。故填which。
12.【2023·重庆市南开中学校月考】The special meaning is_______ the plants, which describe noble qualities in
Chinese art, are used to symbolize the school’s desire that students keep their original dream and march
ambitiously toward a bright future.
考查表语从句。句意：特别的意义是，这些在中国艺术中描绘高尚品质的植物被用来象征学校的愿望，让
学生保持最初的梦想，雄心勃勃地走向光明的未来。紧跟在is之后，此处引导表语从句，且从句不缺少任
何成分和语义，用that连接。故填that。13.【2023·重庆市南开中学校月考】It is hoped that the freshmen will always keep in mind that they are
supposed to make contributions to places_______they are needed most in the future.
考查定语从句。句意：希望新生们永远记住，他们应该为未来最需要他们的地方做出贡献。此处引导定语
从句，先行词为places，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。
14.【2023·山东省名校联盟诊断】The money _________ is invested in the country’s water project construction
will be over 800 billion yuan this year, according to the official data.
考查定语从句。句意：据官方数据显示，今年我国水利工程建设投资将超过八千亿元。分析句子结构可知，
空处需要填关系词引导定语从句，先行词为The money，从句中缺少主语，故需要用到关系代词that或者
which。故填that/which。
15.【2023·山东省济南市统考】
The first “Window of Chinese Books” in Europe was launched on Tuesday, with an online book donation
ceremony from China’s Jinling Library to Malta Libraries.
The online event was held at the Central Public Library in Floriana, Malta. More than 200 books were donated
by Jinling Library, ________ cover fields such as ancient Chinese literature and art, history, culture, and food.
考查定语从句。句意：金陵图书馆捐赠了200多本书，涉及中国古代文学艺术、历史、文化和饮食等领域。
分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是books，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词
which。故填which。
16.【山东省菏泽市2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中】Something ________ happens in one part of the
world can have great effect on another part of the world many miles away from the event.
考查定语从句。句意：在地球某个地方发生的事情会对远离事件的另一个地方产生巨大的影响。分析句子
结构可知，该空为定语从句，先行词是something，从句缺主语，只能填that。故填that。
17.【2021·北京卷】When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything _______ happened during the day，
trying to link new experiences to old memories.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联
系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词 everything，关系词在定
语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
18.【2021·天津卷】In the spring, a season ________ we are 1earning new rhythms of life，many of us find
comfort in the natural world.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。
此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故填when。
19.（2021·天津卷第一次考）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from
________ we can learn without repeating them.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，
从句中谓语动词 can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用 from
which引导定语从句。故填which。
20.（2021·天津卷第一次考）Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning, rather ________ just
depending on the teacher.
【答案】than
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：鼓励学生掌控自己的学习，而不是只依赖老师。此处 rather than 而不是。
根据前半句鼓励学生掌握自己的学习，可知，后半句应该是而不是依赖老师。故填than。
21.（2021·天津卷第一次考）We all need to get involved in saving energy ________ it's at work, at home, or at
school.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查状语从句连接词。句意：无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在学校，我们都需要参与到节约能
源的活动中来。此处whether无论。分析句子，该空需要一个连词引导让步状语从句，根据句意及后面的
or ，需要表示“无论是…还是…”，whether符合题意。故填whether。
22.【2021·天津卷】Feeling fearful is healthy ________ it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.
【答案】because
【解析】考查连词。句意：感到恐惧是有益于健康的，因为它能帮助你慢下来，正确评估风险。此处
because因为。根据语境，主句提到healthy（有益于健康的），连词引导的从句部分则在具体描述为何说
是有益于健康的，这是一个原因状语从句，适用because（因为）引导。
23.【2021·天津卷】It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be.
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词 become后面是宾语从句，
从句缺少引导词，且从句中的be缺少表语，所填词应该起双重作用。故填what。
24.【2021·北京卷】The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about 15 ． she lived．
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词 about后是宾语从句，根
据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。
B
分层练 突破关键能力
训练A
【山东省德州市2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括
号内单词的正确形式。Qinling Mountains is a geographical dividing line between Northern China and Southern China. They run
west to east, ___ 1 ___ (stretch) across Gansu Province, Shaanxi Province and Henan Province. Qinling Mountains
is covered by large-scale plants, ___ 2 ___ are home to many wild animals such as giant pandas and golden
monkeys.
Qinling Mountains was formed about 200 million years ago, ___ 3 ___ (identify) as an important ecological
security barrier. Because of the geographical differences in the north and the south of Qinling Mountains, Qinling-
Huai River Line ___ 4 ___ (become) the most important north-south boundary of Chinese geography so far. In
winter, Qinling Mountains can block the cold wave from entering the south and in summer, the moist sea breeze
___ 5 ___ (block) from entering the northern region.
While the Qinling Mountains have long been known as the northern edge of giant panda habitat, ___ 6 ___
was only in 2005 that the Qinling panda was recognized as ___ 7 ___ distinct subspecies of giant panda. The
Qinling panda is distinguished by its ___ 8 ___ (slight) smaller size and fur that is brown rather than black, with about
270 distributed in 7 areas, like Taibai Mountain and Qingmuchuan. As the ___ 9 ___ (high) peak in the Qinling
Mountains, Taibai Mountain is quite popular among mountain climbers. Many climbing enthusiasts like to spend a
whole night reaching its peak to record its beautiful sunrise and enjoy the hot spring for ____ 10 ____ (relax).
【答案】1．stretching 2．which 3．identified 4．has become 5．is blocked 6．it 7．a 8．
slightly 9．highest 10．relaxation
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了秦岭山脉。秦岭是中国北方和南方的地理分界线。它们从
西向东延伸，横跨甘肃省、陕西省和河南省。秦岭被大型植物覆盖，是大熊猫、金丝猴等许多野生动物的
家园。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们从西向东延伸，横跨甘肃省、陕西省和河南省。分析句子结构可知stretch
与逻辑主语they构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填stretching。
2．考查定语从句。句意：秦岭被大型植物覆盖，是大熊猫、金丝猴等许多野生动物的家园。非限制性定
语从句修饰先行词Qinling Mountains，在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：秦岭形成于大约2亿年前，被认为是重要的生态安全屏障。分析句子结构可知
identify与逻辑主语Qinling Mountains构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填identified。
4．考查时态。句意：由于秦岭南北的地理差异，秦淮线成为迄今为止中国地理上最重要的南北边界。根
据so far可知为现在完成时，主语为Qinling-Huai River Line，助动词用has。故填has become。
5．考查时态语态。句意：在冬季，秦岭山脉可以阻挡寒潮进入南方，在夏季，潮湿的海风可以阻挡进入
北部地区。主语与谓语构成被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为the moist sea
breeze，谓语用单数。故填is blocked。
6．考查强调句。句意：虽然秦岭一直被认为是大熊猫栖息地的北部边缘，但直到2005年，秦岭大熊猫才
被确认为大熊猫的一个独特亚种。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句“it be+被强调部分+that+其它”，被强
调部分为only in 2005。故填it。
7．考查冠词。句意：虽然秦岭一直被认为是大熊猫栖息地的北部边缘，但直到2005年，秦岭大熊猫才被
确认为大熊猫的一个独特亚种。subspecies为泛指，且distinct是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
8．考查副词。句意：秦岭大熊猫的特点是体型略小，皮毛为棕色而非黑色，约有270只分布在太白山和青木川等7个地区。修饰形容词smaller应用副词slightly，作状语。故填slightly。
9．考查最高级。句意：太白山作为秦岭的最高峰，深受登山爱好者的喜爱。根据上文定冠词以及句意
“最高”可知应用最高级。故填highest。
10．考查名词。句意：许多登山爱好者喜欢花一整晚的时间到达顶峰，记录美丽的日出，享受温泉放松。
作介词的宾语，应用名词relaxation，不可数。故填relaxation。
训练B
【江苏省南通市海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单
词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science ____ 1 ____ Qian Xuesen.
Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian went to the United States for further studies in 1935. Soon as a pioneer in
American jet and rocket technology, he and his colleagues ____ 2 ____ (found) the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the
1940s, now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres.
____ 3 ____ (overcome) many difficulties in the US, Qian eventually returned to China in 1955. He received a
____ 4 ____ (hero) welcome from his homeland. At that time, in poor China, its rocket science was undeveloped—
No majors in rocket science; No talents; No experts. Nevertheless, the “No”s didn’t discourage him from taking
___ 5 ____ the challenge. His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” was a ____ 6 ____ (determine)
“Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things ____ 7 ____ other people make.”
Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles and launched its first man-made satellite.
Even much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’ research, so he earned
the name of “the father of China’ aerospace”.
Qian was extremely ____ 8 ____ (knowledge), especially in the area of frontier science research. However,
____ 9 ____ might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other
things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him _____ 10 _____ (inspire) in his-
scientific research.
On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death, and people honoured and remembered
him in different ways.
【答案】1．than 2．founded 3．Having overcome 4．hero’s 5．on 6．determined 7．that 8．
knowledgeable 9．what 10．inspiration
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了钱学森对中国航天科学的影响以及突出贡献。
1．考查介词。句意：也许没有其他科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大。分析句子可知，空处前
有形容词比较级greater，故此处考查比较级的结构，即“形容词比较级+than”，结合语意可知，此处意为
“比”，故应用介词than。故填than。
2．考查动词时态。句意：作为美国喷气和火箭技术的先驱，他和他的同事在20世纪40年代建立了喷气推
进实验室，现在是美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。分析句子可知，此处应用动词作谓语，根据时间
状语1940s可知，此处应用一般过去时，故空处应用动词一般过去时态。故填founded。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国克服了许多困难后，钱最终于1955年回到中国。分析句子可知，此处
应用动词作非谓语，与逻辑主语Qian之间是主动关系，结合语意可知，空处动作发生在主句动作之前，故此处应用现在分词的完成时，即having done结构。故填Having overcome。
4．考查名词所有格。句意：他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎。分析句子可知，空处后是名词welcome，空处应
作定语修饰welcome，结合语意可知，此处意为“英雄般的”，故此处应用名词所有格形式，即hero’s。
故填hero’s。
5．考查介词。句意：然而，这些所谓的“不”并没有阻止他接受这个挑战。分析句子可知，此处考查固
定短语take on，意为“接受”，故空处应填介词on。故填on。
6．考查形容词。句意：他对“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗？”这个问题的回答是坚定的，即“为什么
不呢？我们中国人能够制造和其他人一样的东西。”分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作定语，结合语意可
知，此处意为“坚定的，坚决的”，故应用-ed结尾形容词，表示人物的态度，即determined。故填
determined。
7．考查定语从句。句意：他对“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗？”这个问题的回答是坚定的，即“为什
么不呢？我们中国人能够制造和其他人一样的东西。”分析句子可知，此处考查引导定语从句的关系词，
指代先行词things，指物，在从句中作宾语，先行词前有the same修饰，关系代词只能用that。故填that。
8．考查形容词。句意：钱学识渊博，尤其是在前沿科学研究方面。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作表
语，意为“学识渊博的”，故空处应填形容词knowledgeable。故填knowledgeable。
9．考查名词性从句。句意：然而，使他成为如此杰出和有创造力的科学家的可能是他对其他事物的强烈
兴趣，如音乐和绘画。分析句子可知，此处考查引导主语从句的连接词，从句缺主语，意为“什么”，故
应用连接代词what来引导主语从句。故填what。
10．考查名词。句意：他对艺术的高度欣赏经常给他的科学研究带来灵感。分析句子可知，此处应用名词
作宾语，结合语意可知，此处意为“灵感”，故应用名词inspiration，抽象名词不可数。故填inspiration。
训练C
【浙江省湖州、丽水、衢州三地市2022-2023学年高三上学期11月教学质量测试】阅读下面材料，在空白
处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
What makes something a sport? Traditional definitions usually included some physical activity ___ 1 ___
shows athletic ability or strength. But some sports can take the form of mental competitions. For instance, chess
___ 2 ___ (recognize)as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999. Now, some people wonder
___ 3 ___ eSports should also be considered sports.
The word eSports is short for electronic sports. It is ___ 4 ___ form of competition in which professional
players or gamers play video games either in teams or individually. ___ 5 ___ (typical), the winners receive prize
money at the end of the competition.
The first eSports event was the one ___ 6 ___ (hold)by Stanford University in the 1970s, for the game
Spacewar! Over the next 30 years, video games exploded in ___ 7 ___ (popular). More and more countries, such as
South Korea, China and the United States, started to develop eSports into an industry. In the 2000s, television
broadcasts of the competitions, ___ 8 ___ (feature) games like Street Fighter III, StarCraft, and Counter-strike,
became popular. In the 2010s, thanks ___ 9 ___ online streaming services, eSports grew rapidly with more
worldwide tournaments, more viewers, and larger ___ 10 ___ (prize). In 2020, the industry made more than US$1
billion for the first time ever.【答案】
1．which##that 2．was recognized 3．if##whether 4．a 5．Typically 6．held 7．popularity 8．
featuring 9．to 10．prizes
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了新兴的电子竞技比赛。
1．考查定语从句关系词。句意：传统的定义通常包括某种显示运动能力或力量的体育活动。句子结构分
析可知“__1__shows athletic ability or strength”为限制性定语从句。设空处指代先行词some physical
activity，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。
2．考查时态和语态。句意：例如，国际象棋在1999年被国际奥委会认可为一项运动。句子分析可知设空
处在句中作谓语动词，由时间状语“in 1999”可知此句为一般过去时，主语“chess”与recognize之间为被动
关系，所以此句用一般过去时的被动语态，chess作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填was recognized。
3．考查名词性从句连接词。句意：现在一些人想知道电子竞技是否也应该被视为体育运动。句子结构分
析可知设空处引导名词性从句作动词wonder的宾语，设空处在从句中不充当语法成分，表示“是否”，所
以用whether或if。故填whether/if。
4．考查冠词。句意：这是一种比赛形式，职业玩家或游戏玩家以团队或个人的形式玩视频游戏。在句中
form指的“类型、形式”是可数名词，在句中表泛指，空后的form发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠
词a，短语a form of意为“一种……的形式”。故填a。
5．考查副词。句意：通常，获胜者在比赛结束时获得奖金。句子分析可知，设空处作状语，修饰后文整
个句子，副词typically意为“通常，一般”符合句意，设空处置于句首，首字母大写，故填Typically。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：第一次电子竞技赛事是在20世纪70年代由斯坦福大学举办的，当时的游戏是
Spacewar！句子分析可知设空处作后置定语修饰 the one ，the one与hold之间是被动关系，用过去分词，
故填held。
7．考查名词。句意：在接下来的 30 年里，电子游戏大受欢迎。设空处在句中作介词in的宾语，所给词
popular的名词popularity意为“受欢迎，流行”符合题意，故填popularity。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在2000年代，以 Street Fighter III, StarCraft, and Counter-strike等游戏为特色
的比赛电视转播开始流行。句子结构分析可知，设空处为非谓语动词，the competitions与feature之间是逻
辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词，故填featuring。
9．考查介词。句意：在 2010 年代，由于在线流媒体服务，电子竞技发展迅速，拥有更多的全球锦标赛、
更多的观众和更大的奖金。固定短语thanks to意为“因为，由于”符合句意，故填to。
10．考查名词复数。句意：在 2010 年代，由于在线流媒体服务，电子竞技发展迅速，拥有更多的全球锦
标赛、更多的观众和更大的奖金。句子结构分析可知，设空处在句中作宾语，名词prize意为“奖，奖金”
符合句意，此处为复数概念，故填prizes。
