考向 61 语法填空
解答介词、冠词与代词类填空的 3 策略
宏观分析
语法填空中无提示词类填空题的考查方向多为介词、冠词或代词。
①如果可数名词单数前无冠词，则考虑填冠词。分析名词前后的定语，判断是限制还是修饰，弄清是特指
还是泛指。
②空后是名词或代词，如果名词前已有冠词或其他修饰语，根据意思或搭配考虑填介词。
③分析句子结构，确定句子所缺成分，空处在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，利用代词的用法确定用何
种代词。
策略一 考查介词(短语)和动词短语——根据固定搭配
【考情再现】
1. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Museums must ________ people's spare time and money with other amusements. Most
museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
答案与解析 for 句意：博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。大多数博物馆也欢迎学
校团体，并为儿童安排特别活动。根据语境可知，此处是动词短语：compete for “为……竞争”。故填for。
2. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Bamboo plants ________ health, abundance and a happy home.
答案与解析 with 句意：竹子寓意健康富裕与阖家幸福。be associated with“与……相关”。故填介词
with。
3. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Oranges: Orange trees are ________ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and
wealth.
答案与解析 than 句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品它们还象征吉祥富足。more than “不仅仅，不只是”。故
填than。
4. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ________ ， Mother Nature.
答案与解析 on 句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示
“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by ________ dogs, seven to be exact.
答案与解析 of 句意为：我们最先听到了一群狗的叫声——准确来说是七只狗的叫声。a pack of为固定
搭配，意为“一群；一盒；一伙”，故填of。
6. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn uses water ________ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.
答案与解析 than 句意：玉米用水量比水稻少，化肥流失少。设空前是形容词比较级 less，故该空应填介
词than，构成比较级句型。
7. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was ________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
答案与解析 for 句意：“我”在寻找“我”一直在研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。search for是动词短语，
表“寻找；搜寻”。
8. (2020·浙江高考 7 月卷)Some time after 10000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control they________， through agriculture.
答案与解析 in 句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。
分析可知，“they lived ________”是名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在
从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world, live in＋名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
9. (2020·浙江高考1月卷)In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six.
This aging of the population is ________ two factors.
答案与解析 by 句意：2015年，全世界每12个人中就有一个人超过65岁；到2050年，这一比例将达到
六分之一。这种人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。be driven by ... “由……促成”， 此句为被动语态，介词by的
宾语是动作的执行者。
10. (2019·浙江高考)The ________ this question is not clear.
答案与解析 to the key/answer to ...表示“……的答案是……”，是固定搭配。故填to。
【技巧微点】
1. 判断空后是否有谓语，确定填介词
设空后没有谓语动词，而是名词、代词、动名词或what从句，且它们不在句中作主语也不作动词的宾语，
则该空填介词，空后的部分作它的宾语。
2. 记牢一词多义的情况
(1)for：①(去向)往；向，如：leave for “动身”；②为得到，为获取；③表一段时间，如：for two years “两
年”；④因为，由于；⑤就……而言。
(2)in：①in＋一段时间，用于将来时；②in＋表示“方式/语言/材料”的名词，表“以……方式/用……语
言/材料”；③表方向，朝，向，如in the direction。
(3)by＋交通工具/通信工具，也可表方式，如by car/train/air/sea/letter/email/phone/hand。
(4)with：①带有，具有；②用，以；③和……在一起；④因为，由于；⑤和其他动词连用。
(5)beyond：①在……另一边； ②在……更远处； ③超出；非……所能及。
(6)as用作介词，意为“作为”，常用于一些动词之后；work as “从事……工作”；serve as “可用作……”；
act as “担任；充当……”。
3. 依据句式和搭配填介词
①与动词搭配，如：mistake ... for ... “把……误认为……”；devote ... to ... “致力于……”。
②与名词或代词搭配，如：(a) lack of “缺乏……”； on one's own/by oneself “靠自己”。
③与形容词搭配，如：be absent from “缺席”； be busy with “忙于”。
策略二 考查冠词——基本用法是解题关键
【考情再现】
11. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The plum trees are ________ to flower even as the snow is melting (融化). They represent
the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
答案与解析 the 句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。此处指“第一个”，故序数词 first前应加
定冠词the。故填the。
12. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of ________ recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is
increasing, and nine lack enough data.
答案与解析 the 句意：在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中，有3个正在减少，6个保持稳定，1个正在增加，还有9个缺乏足够的数据。根据句意及设空处后的“nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations”可知，此处特
指“已知的19个北极熊亚种群”，应用定冠词限定，故填the。
13. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was shortlisted, we thought it was ________ joke.
答案与解析 a 句意：当我们接到电话说她入围时，我们以为那是一个玩笑。设空处的joke意为“玩笑”，
为可数名词，此处泛指“一个玩笑”，应用不定冠词修饰，且joke的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
14. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent ________ ， while rice has increased
only 7 percent.
答案与解析 the 句意：在过去25年里玉米产量猛增了近125%，而水稻的产量只增长了7%。此处特指
在过去的25年里，故填the。
15. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I'm facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming .
答案与解析 the 句意：出乎意料的是，我正与那只猩猩面对面，它开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。at the top of
one's lungs “声嘶力竭地”。
16. (2020·浙江高考7月卷)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with ________ science,
changes began.
答案与解析 the 句意：这种耕种方式持续了很久。然后随着科学的崛起，一切发生了变化。with the rise
of “随着……的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
17. (2020·浙江高考1月卷)A child born in the US today has ________ very realistic of living beyond 100 and
needs to plan accordingly.
答案与解析 a 句意：现在在美国出生的孩子很有可能活到100岁以上，因此需要做出相应的计划。have
a(n) ... chance of 意为“有……的可能性”，故此处填不定冠词a。
18. (2019·浙江高考)Everybody wears ________ style of clothes.
答案与解析 the the same意为“相同的”，故填定冠词the。
【技巧微点】
1. 2个口诀巧判用a/an还是the
①用定冠词的情况：特指双方熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，专有名词前、西洋乐器前、序数词与最
高级前。
②用不定冠词的情况：泛指一类人与物，与one同义表“一”；和序数词一起表“又一，再一”，词首字
母读元音，冠词就要用an, 其他一律用a。
2. 5种可能填冠词的情况
填不定冠词的情况：
①________＋单数可数名词
②________＋形容词＋单数可数名词
填定冠词的情况：
①________(＋定语)＋名词＋of等介词短语(表特指)
②________(＋定语)＋名词＋定语从句(表特指)
③________(＋定语)＋名词＋不定式/分词短语(表特指)
3. 根据固定搭配或用法确定冠词
①动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位。②at a loss “不知所措”； a waste of ...“浪费……”；have a look/take a walk “看一看/去散步”等固定搭配。
③a＋比较级(＋名词)，表“一个更……的人或物”。
④抽象名词具体化的名词(可概括为：惊、乐、憾、傲、慰、险、助、成、败、美)surprise, pleasure, pity,
pride, comfort, danger, help, success, failure, beauty，表具体的意义“一个……”时，其前应加不定冠词a或an。
策略三 考查代词
——根据所作成分转换代词或根据指代对象或句式填写代词
【考情再现】
19. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and
________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
答案与解析 themselves 句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的
历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。设空处所填词指代该句主语visitors，意为“他们自己”，应用反身代词。
故填themselves。
20. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Data about the moon's composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains,
could help China decide whether ________ (it) for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
答案与解析 its 设空处所填词作名词plans的定语，应用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
21. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the
time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all ________ .
答案与解析 it 句意：如果你时间不充裕，你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同样的收益，
因此或许我们都应该尝试跑步。设空处作give的宾语，且指代上一句中的Running，故用代词it。
22. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to ________ (they) alive.
答案与解析 them 设空在句中作find 的宾语，故用宾格代词them。
23. (2019·北京高考)Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper ________ (I) the two simple words “Be
yourself”.
答案与解析 myself 本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人时，宾语应用反身代词。故填myself。
24. (2018·浙江高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they
realize how ________ can be .
答案与解析 it 设空处是形式主语，其中不定式短语to eat out是真正的主语，作形式主语应用it。
【技巧微点】
句子成分法
当句子中缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下设空处所填代词是否
与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。
①作主语：人称代词主格(I, we, you, he, she, they, it)、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词。
②作宾语：人称代词宾格(me, us, you, him, her, them, it)、名词性物主代词(ours, mine, yours, his, hers, theirs,
its)、不定代词。
③作表语：人称代词宾格、不定代词或名词性物主代词。
④作定语：形容词性物主代词(our, my, your, his, her, their, its)。
⑤作宾语、表语或同位语且反射句子的主语，用反身代词(myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself,
herself, itself, themselves)，同时注意数的变化。※填it的情况：a.作形式主语或形式宾语； b. 指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况；c.固定搭配，如make it
“成功；按时到达”； get it “理解，明白”。
【检测训练】
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A shepherd became a hero as he saved six marathoners among a group of those 1 . (affect) by extreme weather.
Zhu Keming, a farmer from Jingtai county of Baiyin, Northwest China's Gansu province, was grazing his sheep on
a mountain near the Yellow River on Saturday morning. As it began raining and the temperature dropped 2 . (sharp),
Zhu went to seek shelter in a nearby cave house 3 . he had stored clothes and dried food for emergency use.
While 4 . (stay) in the cave house, Zhu heard cries for help from outside. He walked out and saw a group of
marathon runners, including one convulsing(抽搐) due to the cold.
He immediately took the runners into the cave house, and started fires to warm them. He then called the emergency
hotline 5 . help.
While waiting for 6 . (rescue), Zhu kept looking around outside. He then found 7 . runner laying on ground. He
carried the man into the cave house, and 8 . (wrap) him in quilts until he regained consciousness.
Zhang Xiaotao, who survived the ill-fated race that claimed the lives of 21 runners, was 9 . (emotion) when recalling
the shepherd's help.
"The 10 . (lose) of temperature was fast. It is a miracle that I survived a narrow escape from death. Without him
(Zhu Keming), I don't know what would have become of me," he said.
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The Lantern Festival, also known as Shangyuan Festival, is observed on January 15th on Chinese lunar calendar. It
is the first full moon night in Chinese lunar year, 11 . (symbol) harmony, reunion and the coming back of the spring.The
Lantern Festival is deemed as a good day for family get-together.
As for the traditions for this festival, just 12 . its name indicates, hanging and looking at lanterns is the main
tradition. Lanterns of 13 . (vary) of shapes and sizes are displayed on trees, or along river banks. Some are in the shapes
of butterflies, birds, flowers, and boats, others 14 . (shape) like dragon, fruit and animal symbols of that year.
Another tradition is solving lantern riddles. Thousands of riddles 15 . (hang) on lanterns for people to shoot down
and solve. The riddles are usually short, wise, and sometimes humorous. The answer 16 . a riddle can be a Chinese
character, a famous person’s name, a place name or a proverb. This tradition is said 17 . (become) a popular game with
serious staying power even as social development changes other traditions.
Aside from that, the most important thing to do today is to eat sweet dumplings. In northern China, sweetdumplings made of glutinous rice flour are called “Yuanxiao” while in 18 . (south) part they are called “Tangyuan”.
Typical sweet dumplings are filled with black sesame sauce, sweetened bean paste, or hawthorn and the round shape of it
is a symbol of wholeness, completeness and unity.
The lantern festival is an occasion when the families get together and everyone—young, old, rich and poor 19 .
(have) fun. Making “ Yuanxiao” today is like a game or 20 . activity, so it’s seldom done without a group of friends or
family present to help out.
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China earlier on Thursday successfully launched Tianhe from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, 21 . (start) a
series of key launch missions 22 . aim to complete the construction of the station by the end of next year.
The construction of the space station and a state-level space lab, 23 . (be) key goal to fulfilling the three strategic
steps in China’s manned space program and 24 . important leading project for building China’s 25 . (strong) in science,
technology and aerospace.
China’s most adventurous space attempt, the multimodule space station named Tiangong, will have three main
components — a core module 26 . (attach) to two space laboratories — with a combined weight of nearly 70 tons. The
core capsule, named Tianhe, is 16. 6 meters long 27 . has a diameter (直径) of 4. 2 meters. The craft’s weight is equal 28 .
the combined weight of 15 standard-size automobiles.
The capsule will be 29 . (centre) to the space station’s future operations, given that astronauts will live there and
control the entire station from inside. It will 30 . (use) to host scientific and technological experiments too. The entire
station is expected to become fully operational around the end of 2022 and is set to work for about 15 years.
4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What do the Summer Palace, Yuanmingyuan and the Chengde Mountain Resort all have 31 . common? These
Qing-dynasty architectural 32 . (wonder), along with many others, were all built by members of the same family- the
Lei family.
For seven generations, the Lei family 33 . (quiet) shaped royal architecture. Their designs were admirable, 34 .
(vary) from grand buildings to public works, such as roads and dams. So incredible was their skill 35 . many of their
buildings survived earthquakes and remained standing over hundreds of years.
The Lei family were also pioneering engineers, who used a grid (方格) system to plan their projects in detail. They
took careful notes and made models of their projects, many of 36 . have survived to this day, and they are registered as
part of UNESCO’S Memory of the World Programme.
In addition to their architectural achievements, the Lei family 37 . (show) diligence (勤奋) and modesty. Eachgeneration conscientiously learnt their skills and undertook ambitious projects, many of which took years 38 .
(complete). Yet they did not seek fame, and even today, their great works are associated 39 . (much) with the royal
court than with them.
With their remarkable skills, innovation, diligence and modesty, the Lei family leave behind their buildings and the
40 . (believe) that true workmanship is a treasure that can last beyond a lifetime.
5
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
On Sina Weibo, Actress Ma Sichun's name has recently been trending. Ma appeared in the 41 . (five) season of a
variety show, Roast. The audience was astonished that she was overweight. She looks totally different from her slim
appearance in You Are My Hero, 42 . (release) on March 11, in which Ma plays a doctor.
People are wondering what happened to Ma. In a video, she publicly admitted that she has been suffering from
depression 43 . hadn't realized that it was a disease. Since she was a child, pressure from family and school life taught
her to be careful. She was also 44 . victim of bullying in senior high school. After 45 . (step) into showbiz (演艺圈)，
Ma tried to get rid of accusations of nepotism (裙带关系)because her aunt is well-known actress Jiang Wenli.
For a long time, Ma 46 . (stick) in a cycle of depression. But now, she has learned to cope. “I've learned how to
make peace with myself and the past,” Ma said in an interview with GQ Lab. "I'm 47 . (true) making an attempt to be
more open-minded and 48 . (courage)/9 she added.
Standing on the stage of Roast, Ma played jokes about remarks 49 . her overweight brought about by taking
medicine. She even encouraged those suffering from depression in the video. <sGo to a doctor and receive treatment.
Only when 50 . (face) it can you accept yourself.9,
6
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In March, Finland was named as 51 . (happy) country in the world in the United Nations World Happiness Report.
This is the 52 . (four) year in a row for the European country to win the title.
According to CNN, mutual (相互的) trust is one of the main reasons. In 2020, the whole world 53 . (feel) the
effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. But people in Finland didn’t show a decline in well-being according to a survey of
the population.
“One possible 54 . (explain) is that people see COVID-19 as a common, outside threat affecting everybody and
55 . this has generated a greater sense of solidarity (团结) and fellow- feeling,” said John, who contributed to the report.
Finland’s natural environment also plays 56 . important role. Seventy-five percent of the country 57 . (cover) by
forests. People can reconnect with nature easily. For example, they can sit quietly on a bench next to a peaceful lake to
appreciate life.“Finnish happiness isn’t skin deep and immediately 58 . (vision)—it has deeply rooted in our being. Sustainable
happiness is our superpower, and it means we tend 59 . (take) life as it comes—a trait (特点) that is helping us 60 .
these challenging times,” said Heli, senior director of international marketing at Business Finland.
7
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, globally known for developing the first hybrid rice strain in 1973 that relieved
countless people 61 . hunger, passed away on Saturday at the age of 91.
The scientist spent over five decades researching and improving hybrid rice, 62 . has reached its third generation,
feeding 63 . (near) one-fifth of the world's population with less than 9 percent of the world's total land. In China, the
annual planting area of hybrid rice has topped 16 million hectares, or 57 percent of 64 . total planting area of rice. Its
growth area overseas has reached 8 million hectares. His more recent achievements included developing 65 . (variety) of
seawater rice, or saline-alkali tolerant rice. His team planned to use the rice 66 . (transform) 6. 7 million hectares of
saline-alkali land in China over the next eight to 10 years.
Yuan once said he had two dreams—to “enjoy the cool under the rice crops 67 . ( tall) than men” and that hybrid
rice could be grown all over the world to help solve the global 68 . (short) of food.
Yuan's lifelong devotion to 69 . (reduce) hunger has made him a national hero and household name in China. In
1999, an asteroid (小行星) discovered by the National Astro-nomical Observatories 70 . (name) after Yuan. In 2019, he
was awarded the Medal of the Republic, China's highest state honor.
8
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The lunar soil samples 71 . (bring) back by China’s Chang’e-5 probe (探测器) will go on display for the public in
Beijing soon after 72 . (they) first showing at the Great Hall of the People.
The Chang’e-5 probe 73 . (collect) 1,731 grams of lunar samples, and the return capsule landed in north China on
December 17, 2020. Lunar soil is a 74 . (combine) of bedrock dust and glassy pieces containing different minerals and
other substances, and is a result of meteorite (陨石), space rays and solar wind 75 . (hit) the moon over time. The lunar
soil looks like concrete, with each piece about 100 micrometers 76 . size.
It’s 77 . (possible) to grow vegetables in the soil as it is lacking organic nutrients (营养物) and extremely dry. On
the contrary, the soil on Earth is composed of minerals, organic materials and water, 78 . allow plants and flowers to
grow.
For scientific purposes, it is an ideal opportunity for humans 79 . (study) the moon—analyzing soil taken directly
from the lunar surface in the lab—which is an experience that neither remote sensing 80 . meteorite study can provide.
9阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Cayman Islands, 81 . its brilliant coral reefs and shining clear waters, have been a popular playground for
travelers. The highlight is what attracts the divers from the world. This UK overseas territory has 82 . population of
around 55,500 people. Its capital is George Town, 83 . (locate) on Grand Cayman, the largest island. The Cayman
Island dollar is the 84 . (office) currency, but American money is 85 . (wide) accepted.
In addition to Grand Cayman, the Cayman Islands consist of Little Cayman and Cayman Brae, 86 . you’ll find
The Bluff, which reaches up to 141 feet. Most people flying into the Cayman Islands arrive at Owens Roberts
International Airport in George Town. To enjoy a variety of exciting 87 . (attract), they scatter across the three main
islands. More often than not, the tourists 88 . (remind) that hurricane season runs from June to November.
The cultural and natural history of the Cayman Islands come alive at the National Museum. Inside, everything from
coins to stamps, fantastic birds and traditional clothing 89 . (provide) visitors with a rich history of the Caymanian
people. Whenever I come to the islands, I surely spend a lot of time wandering in the National Museum 90 . (learn)
about the wonderful islands.
10
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Music is one of the most 91 . (power) things in my life. Listening to music can help to motivate me in a trying
time. When young, I 92 . (show) not great interest in music as I do now. I mainly listened to 93 . my parents were
listening to. Whether I was in the car, the house, 94 . anywhere else, there was sure to be some Beatles, or Buddy
holly constantly playing in the background. Now I am older. I enjoy music for the reason that it allows me to feel 95 .
(energy) in face of any difficulty.
I believe music has the power to convey all sorts of emotions. The song A Little Bit Longer is 96 . emotional and
inspiring that whenever I hear it, I can't help 97 . (move) to tears, especially when I watch it being played alive. The
effect that music can have 98 . our emotions is tremendous, as it can bring people to floods of tears or 99 . (burst) of
laugh.
I believe music affects people in many ways. To me, music is 100 . (extreme) important in my life. I think it
brings me closer to my friends and family.
参考答案
1
1. affected
2. sharply
3. where4. staying
5. for
6. rescuers
7. another
8. wrapped
9. emotional
10. loss
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位牧羊人朱克铭拯救了6个马拉松选手的事迹。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一个牧羊人成为了英雄，他在一群受极端天气影响的人中，拯救了六个马拉松选手。
分析句子成分可知，“affect”与其逻辑主语“a group of those”之间是被动关系，空格处应填过去分词作后置定
语，所以应填affected。故填affected。
2. 考查副词。句意：因为开始下雨，气温急剧下降，朱克铭去附近的窑洞避难，在那里他储存了衣服和干粮以
备不时之需。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填副词来修饰dropped。故填sharply。
3. 考查定语从句。句意：因为开始下雨，气温急剧下降，朱克铭去附近的窑洞避难，在那里他储存了衣服和干
粮以备不时之需。分析句子成分可知，cave house为先行词，空格处应填定语从句的关系词，且从句中缺少地
点状语，所以应填where。故填where。
4. 考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当朱克铭正在窑洞里避雨时，他听见外面有人求救。分析句子成分可知，
while引导时间状语从句；在状语从句中，当从句中的主语与主句主语一致，并且从句中的谓语动词含有 be动
词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，所以原句为while he was staying in the cave house=while staying in the
cave house。故填staying。
5. 考查介词。句意：他然后打了急救热线求助。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填介词，call sb. for help表示
“向某人求助”；结合上文“called the emergency hotline”可知，打急救热线是为了获得帮助，所以应填for。故
填for。
6. 考查名词。句意：在等待救援队期间，朱克铭不断的四周查看。分析句子可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，
rescuer表示“营救者”，根据句意可知，此处应填名词复数形式。故填rescuers。
7. 考查代词。句意：他又发现另一名倒地的参赛队员。根据上文可知，他之前已经拯救了几个队员，所以此处
指又发现一个，所以应用another。故填another。
8. 考查谓语动词。句意：他把这个人抬进窑洞里，并且用被子把他包裹起来直到他重新恢复知觉。根据空格前
and可知，空格处应填谓语动词与carried并列，所以应填wrapped。故填wrapped。
9. 考查形容词。句意：张小涛，在那场夺去了21名队员生命的致命比赛中幸存下来的人，回想起牧羊人的帮
助，他很激动。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词作表语，emotion的形容词形式为 emotional。故填emotional。
10. 考查名词。句意：温度下降非常快。根据空格前The可知，空格处应填名词，作主语，指温度的下降。故
填loss。
2
11. symbolizing
12. as
13. varieties
14. shaped
15. are hung
16. to
17. to have become
18. southern
19. has
20. an
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了元宵节及其传统活动。
11. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这是中国农历年的第一个月圆之夜，象征着和谐、团圆和春天的到来。动词
symbolize 和逻辑主语 It（指代 The Lantern Festival）之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填
symbolizing。
12. 考查定语从句。句意：至于这个节日的传统，顾名思义，挂和看灯笼是主要的传统。空处引导一个非限制
性定语从句，表示“正如……”，先行词是后面整个句子，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用as引导。故填as。
13. 考查固定短语。句意：各种形状和大小的灯笼挂在树上或沿着河岸展示。varieties of各种各样的，是固定短
语，故填varieties。
14. 考查非谓语动词。句意：有些是蝴蝶、鸟、花和船的形状，还有其他的形状像龙、水果和那一年生肖动物
的象征。动词shape和逻辑主语others之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填shaped。
15. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：成千上万的谜语挂在灯笼上，供人们射下来和解开谜底。结合上下文
时态可知， 此处应用一般现在时，且动词hang和主语riddles之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是名词复
数，故填are hung。
16. 考查介词。句意：谜语的答案可以是一个汉字、一个名人的名字、一个地名或一句谚语。the answer
to………的答案，是固定搭配。故填to。
17. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管社会的发展改变了其他传统，但这个传统据说已经成为一种流行的游戏，具
有严重的持久力。be said to do sth.据说做某事，且become表示的动作已经完成，所以此处应用动词不定式的完
成式，故填to have become。18. 考查形容词。句意：在中国北方，用糯米粉做的甜汤圆叫“元宵”，而在南方则叫“汤圆”。此处应用形
容词作定语，修饰名词part，southern表示“南方的”，故填southern。
19. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：元宵节是和家人团聚的时刻，每一个人——年轻人、老人，不论贫富，都玩
得开心。由“when the families get together”可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语是everyone，谓语动词应用第三人
称单数形式。故填has。
20. 考查不定冠词。句意：如今，制作元宵更像是一种游戏或活动，所以它很少在没有朋友或家人的帮助下进
行。activity是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定关系，且activity是以元音音素开头，故填an。
3
21. starting
22. which/that
23. is
24. an
25. strength
26. attached
27. and
28. to
29. central
30. be used
【解析】本文是新闻报道。介绍了中国成功发射天河，启动了一系列关键的太空探索任务，目的是建立空间站。
21. 考查非谓语动词。句意：周四早些时候，中国从文昌航天器发射场成功发射了天河，启动了一系列关键的
发射任务，旨在在明年年底前完成空间站的建设。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是 launched，且没有连词，
故start用非谓语动词形式，start与逻辑主语China是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填starting。
22. 考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空格处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是 missions，从句缺少主语，
指物，用关系代词which或that引导定语从句，故填which或that。
23. 考查动词时态。句意：空间站和国家级航天实验室的建立，是实现中国载人航天计划三个战略步骤的关键
目标，也是建设中国科技和航天实力的重要主导项目。主语是“The construction”是单数，描述现在的事实，应
用一般现在时，故填is。
24. 考查冠词。句意：空间站和国家级航天实验室的，是实现中国载人航天计划三个战略步骤的关键目标，也
是建设中国科技和航天实力的重要主导项目。project“项目”是可数名词，根据句意，泛指“一个重要的主导项
目”，important以元音音素开头，故填an。
25. 考查名词。句意同上。名词所有格China’s修饰名词，根据句意，此处用作不可数名词，表示“实力”。故填strength。
26. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国最具冒险的太空尝试，名为天宫的多模块空间站，将有三个主要部件——一
个连接到两个太空实验室的核心模块——总重量近 70 吨。分析句子可知，attach 用作定语，修饰 a core
module，attach与core module是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填attached。
27. 考查连词。句意：核心太空舱，名为天河，16.6米长，直径为4.2米。 分析句子可知，此处描述核心太空
舱，是并列关系，故填and。
28. 考查介词。句意：该飞船的重量等于15辆标准尺寸汽车的总重量。be equal to“与……相等；等同于”是固
定短语，故填to。
29. 考查形容词。句意：考虑到宇航员将住在那里，并从内部控制整个空间站，这个太空舱将成为空间站未来
行动的核心。be动词后应填写形容词作表语，故填central。
30. 考查动词时态语态。句意：它也将被用于主办科技实验。分析句子可知，use是谓语动词，it指代上文提到
的The capsule，与use是被动关系，空格前有will，故填be used。
4
31. in
32. wonders
33. quietly
34. varying
35. that
36. which
37. showed
38. to complete
39. more
40. belief
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清代雷氏家族建筑传承七代的成就以及他们对皇家建筑风格的影
响。
31. 考查介词。句意：颐和园、圆明园和承德避暑山庄有什么共同之处？have sth. in common为固定短语，意为
“有共同之处”。故填in。
32. 考查名词。句意：这些清代的建筑奇迹，以及其他许多建筑，都是由同一个家族的成员——雷氏家族建造
的。wonder意为“奇观”，为可数名词，前面有these限定，所以应该用复数形式。故填wonders。
33. 考查副词。句意：雷氏家族七代人默默塑造了皇家建筑。修饰动词 shaped需用副词quietly作状语。故填
quietly。
34. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的设计是令人钦佩的，从宏伟的建筑到公共工程，如道路和大坝。分析句子结构，已有谓语动词were，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，主语their designs和vary为逻辑上的主谓关系，此处
用现在分词形式做伴随状语。故填varying。
35. 考查状语从句。句意：他们的技术是如此不可思议，以至于他们的许多建筑在地震中幸存下来，并保存了
数百年。so… that…引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
36. 考查定语从句。句意：他们认真地做笔记，为自己的项目制作模型，其中许多项目保存至今，并被列入联
合国教科文组织的“世界记忆计划”。本句是由逗号隔开的两部分，逗号之前为完整的句子，逗号之后的部分
缺少主语，因此逗号之后应该为定语从句。此处应为“介词+ which”用法。先行词“ careful notes and made
models of their projects”指物，在定语从句中作of的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
37. 考查动词时态。句意：除了他们在建筑上的成就，雷氏家族还表现出了勤奋和谦虚。根据前后文信息及背
景可知，此处应该用过去时态表示雷氏家族当时的做法。使用一般过去时。故填showed。
38. 考查非谓语动词。句意：每一代人都认真学习他们的技能，并承担雄心勃勃的项目，其中许多项目需要多
年才能完成。“it takes sb. some time to do sth.”为固定句型，意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”，不定式作主语。
故填to complete。
39. 考查副词比较级。句意：然而，他们并不追求名声，即使在今天，他们的伟大作品更多地与王室有关，而
不是与他们。根据后面的than可以判断出应该用比较级形式。故填more。
40. 考查名词。句意：以他们卓越的技艺、创新、勤奋和谦虚，雷氏一家留下了他们的建筑，并相信真正的工
艺是可以延续一生的财富。定冠词the修饰名词，空处需填名词belief，结合后面的同位语从句可知，使用名词
单数形式。故填belief。
5
41. fifth
42. released
43. but
44. a
45. stepping
46. was stuck
47. truly
48. more courageous
49. on
50. facing
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。演员马思纯出现在了综艺节目《吐槽大会》的第五季中，她变得很胖。她承认自
己长期受到抑郁症的折磨。41. 考查序数词。句意：马思纯出现在了综艺节目《吐槽大会》的第五季中。可数名词 season使用单数形式，
所以此处应用序数词。故填fifth。
42. 考查过去分词。句意：在3月11日上映的《你是我的英雄》中，马诺饰演一名医生，而如今的她则完全变
了样。动词release意为“使上映”，和谓语动词之间没有连词，和逻辑主语“You Are My Hero”构成被动关系，
且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填released。
43. 考查连词。句意：在一段视频中，她公开承认自己一直受到抑郁症的折磨，但当时并没有意识到这是一种
疾病。“she has been suffering from depression”和“hadn't realized that it was a disease”构成转折关系，且空格后没
有逗号，所以应用转折词but。故填but。
44. 考查不定冠词。句意：她也是高中时校园霸凌的受害者。此处第一次提到victim，所以应是泛指，用不定冠
词。故填a。
45. 考查动名词。句意：进入娱乐圈后，马思纯试图摆脱裙带关系的指责，因为她的姑姑是著名演员蒋雯丽。
在介词after后应用动名词作宾语。故填stepping。
46. 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：很长一段时间，马思纯陷入了抑郁的怪圈。根据“But now, she has
learned to cope.”(但现在，她学会了如何应对。)可知，陷入了抑郁的怪圈是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。be
stuck in意为“陷入”，为固定搭配，所以此处stick和主语构成被动关系。主语为第三人称单数。故填was
stuck。
47. 考查副词。句意：我真的在尝试变得更开明，更勇敢。修饰动词making应用副词。故填truly。
48. 考查形容词比较级。句意：我真的在尝试变得更开明，更勇敢。根据“more open-minded”可知，此处应用
形容词比较级作表语。形容词courageous意为“勇敢的”。故填more courageous。
49. 考查介词。句意：站在《吐槽大会》的舞台上，她拿对吃药给自己带来的肥胖的评论开玩笑。名词 remark
应和介词on搭配。故填on。
50. 考查现在分词。句意：只有面对它，你才能接受自己。动词face意为“面对”，和主语you构成主动关系，
在when引导的省略句中应用现在分词形式。故填facing。
6
51. the happiest
52. fourth
53. felt
54. explanation
55. that
56. an
57. is covered58. visible
59. to take
60. through
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道，文章讲述了芬兰连续四年被评为世界上最幸福的国家的原因。
51. 考查形容词最高级。句意：今年3月，芬兰在联合国《世界幸福报告》中被评为世界上最幸福的国家。结
合句意及“in the world”可知，此处表示“世界上最幸福的国家”，应用形容词最高级。故填the happiest。
52. 考查序数词。句意：这是这个欧洲国家连续第四年获得该头衔。结合句意可知，此处表示“第四”，应用
序数词。故填fourth。
53. 考查时态。句意：2020年，全世界都感受到了新冠肺炎大流行的影响。由时间状语“In 2020”可知，此处应
用一般过去时，故填felt。
54. 考查名词。句意：“一个可能的解释是，人们把 COVID-19看作一个影响到每个人的共同的外部威胁，这
产生了更大的团结精神和其他感觉。”给本篇报道投稿的 John说。空处应填名词作主语，故填explanation。
55. 考查表语从句。句意：“一个可能的解释是，人们把 COVID-19看作一个影响到每个人的共同的外部威胁，
这产生了更大的团结精神和其他感觉。”给本篇报道投稿的 John说。分析句子可知，空后是表语从句，从句结
构、意义完整，应用that引导，不可省略。故填that。
56. 考查不定冠词。句意：芬兰的自然环境也起着重要的作用。play an important role扮演重要角色，是固定短
语。故填an。
57. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这个国家百分之七十五的土地被森林覆盖。句子是描述一个事实，应
用一般现在时，主语Seventy-five percent of the country和谓语动词cover之间是被动关系，主语表示单数意义，
故填is covered。
58. 考查形容词。句意：芬兰人的幸福不是表面上的，不是立即显而易见的——它深植于我们的生命中。空处
应填形容词作表语，visible意为“看得见的，明显的”。故填visible。
59. 考查动词不定式。句意：可持续的幸福是我们的超能力，它意味着我们倾向于接受生命的到来——这是一
个帮助我们通过这些富有挑战性时期的特点。tend to do sth.倾向于做某事，往往会做某事。故填to take。
60. 考查介词。句意：可持续的幸福是我们的超能力，它意味着我们倾向于接受生命的到来——这是一个帮助
我们通过这些富有挑战性时期的特点。结合句意可知，此处是短语 help…through，意为“帮助……度过……”，
故填through。
7
61. of
62. which
63. nearly64. the
65. varieties
66. to transform
67. taller
68. shortage
69. reducing
70. was named
【解析】本文为新闻报道。文章报道了著名科学家袁隆平去世的消息，重点介绍了他在解决中国饥饿问题和世
界粮食方面做出的重大贡献和取得的突出成就。
61. 考查介词。句意：中国科学家袁隆平，因1973年培育出首个杂交水稻品种而享誉全球，使无数人免于饥饿，
他于上周六去世，享年91岁。relieve sb. of sth.使某人摆脱，免除。故填of。
62. 考查定语从句。句意：这位科学家花了50多年的时间研究和改良杂交水稻，这种水稻已经达到了第三代，
用不到世界总面积9%的土地养活了世界近五分之一的人口。空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是hybrid
rice，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故填which。
63. 考查副词。句意：这位科学家花了50多年的时间研究和改良杂交水稻，这种水稻已经达到了第三代，用不
到世界总面积9%的土地养活了世界近五分之一的人口。此处表示“几乎，将近”，应用副词 nearly作状语。故
填nearly。
64. 考查定冠词。句意：中国杂交水稻年种植面积超过 1600万公顷，占全部水稻种植面积的57%。根据area前
后的修饰词可知，应填the表示特指，表示杂交水稻占全部水稻种植面积的57%。故填the。
65. 考查固定短语。句意：他最近的成就包括培育各种海水水稻，或称耐盐碱水稻。varieties of为固定短语，意
为“各种各样的”。故填varieties。
66. 考查动词不定式。句意：他的团队计划在未来的8到10年里用这种水稻改造中国670万公顷盐碱地。use
sth. to do sth.为固定结构，不定式作目的状语。故填to transform。
67. 考查形容词比较级。句意：袁隆平曾说，他有两个梦想——一个是在比人高的水稻乘凉，另一个是杂交水
稻可以在世界各地种植，帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。根据than可知，此处应用比较级taller。故填taller。
68. 考查名词。句意：袁隆平曾说，他有两个梦想——一个是在比人高的水稻下享受凉爽，另一个是杂交水稻
可以在世界各地种植，帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。空处应填名词作宾语，short“短缺的”是形容词，其对应的
名词是shortage，为不可数名词。故填shortage。
69. 考查非谓语动词。句意：袁隆平毕生致力于减少饥饿，这使他成为中国的民族英雄和家喻户晓的名字。
devotion后的to是介词，应填动名词形式作宾语。故填reducing。
70. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：1999年，一颗由国家天文观测站发现的小行星以袁命名。动词name和主语an asteroid之间是被动关系，且由时间状语“In 1999”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是名词
单数，故填was named。
8
71. brought
72. their
73. collected
74. combination
75. hitting
76. in
77. impossible
78. which
79. to study
80. nor
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。中国嫦娥五号探测器带回的月球土壤样本将在人民大会堂首次亮相后不久在北京
向公众展示。文章介绍了带回的月球土壤样本的情况以及这项行动的意义。
71. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国嫦娥五号探测器带回的月球土壤样本将在人民大会堂首次亮相后不久在北京
向公众展示。分析句子结构可知bring在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语The lunar soil samples构成被动
关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填brought。
72. 考查代词。句意：中国嫦娥五号探测器带回的月球土壤样本将在人民大会堂首次亮相后不久在北京向公众
展示。此处为动名词的复合结构“形容词性物主代词+动名词”，此处指The lunar soil samples应用their。故填
their。
73. 考查动词时态。句意：嫦娥五号探测器采集了1731克月球样本，返回舱于2020年12月17日在中国北方着
陆。描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填collected。
74. 考查名词。句意：月球土壤是由基岩尘埃和含有不同矿物质和其他物质的玻璃碎片组成的，是陨石、太空
射线和太阳风长期撞击月球的结果。根据上文冠词a，可知应填名词combination，作表语。故填combination。
75. 考查非谓语动词。句意：月球土壤是由基岩尘埃和含有不同矿物质和其他物质的玻璃碎片组成的，是陨石、
太空射线和太阳风长期撞击月球的结果。分析句子结构可知 hit在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语
meteorite (陨石), space rays and solar wind构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填hitting。
76. 考查介词。句意：月球的土壤看起来像混凝土，每块大约有100微米。结合语境表示“在尺寸方面”可知
短语为in size。故填in。
77. 考查形容词。句意：土壤缺乏有机营养，又极度干燥，不可能种植蔬菜。作表语，且表示“不可能”应用形容词impossible。故填impossible。
78. 考查定语从句。句意：相反，地球上的土壤是由矿物质、有机物质和水组成的，这些物质使植物和花卉得
以生长。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导，that不能引
导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
79. 考查非谓语动词。句意：从科学的角度来看，这是人类在实验室里研究直接从月球表面获取的分析月球土
壤的理想机会，这是遥感和陨石研究都无法提供的经验。结合句意表示“这是某人做某事的理想机会”句型为
it is an ideal opportunity for sb. to do sth.。故填to study。
80. 考查固定短语。句意：从科学的角度来看，这是人类在实验室里研究直接从月球表面获取的分析月球土壤
的理想机会，这是遥感和陨石研究都无法提供的经验。结合句意表示“既不是……也不是……”可知短语为
neither…nor…。故填nor。
9
81. with
82. a
83. located
84. official
85. widely
86. where
87. attractions
88. are reminded
89. provides
90. to learn
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了开曼群岛的风景名胜和人文历史。
81. 考查介词。句意：开曼群岛以其明亮的珊瑚礁和波光粼粼的海水，一直是受游客欢迎的游乐场。这是个伴
随状语，空格后是一个短语，所以用介词with引导。故填with。
82. 考查冠词。句意：这个英国的海外领地大约有5.55万人。固定短语a population of有……人口。故填a。
83. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它的首都是乔治城，位于最大的岛屿大开曼岛上。逻辑主语 Its capital与动词
locate是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填located。
84. 考查形容词。句意：开曼岛元是官方货币，但美国货币被广泛接受。名词 currency前用形容词修饰。故填
official。
85. 考查副词。句意：开曼岛元是官方货币，但美国货币被广泛接受。动词 accepted前用副词修饰。故填
widely。
86. 考查定语从句。句意：除了大开曼群岛，开曼群岛还包括小开曼群岛和开曼布雷群岛，在那里你会发现高达141英尺的悬崖。分析句子结构可知，句中先行词为 Little Cayman and Cayman Brae，在非限定性定语从句中
作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
87. 考查名词。句意：为了享受各种令人兴奋的景点，他们分散在三个主要岛屿上。形容词interesting后接名词，
且根据句中a variety of可知，空格处填名词复数。故填attractions。
88. 考查时态和语态。句意：游客经常会被提醒，飓风季节从6月持续到11月。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。
主语the tourists与动词remind是被动关系。故填are reminded。
89. 考查主谓一致。句意：从硬币到邮票，从奇异的鸟类到传统服饰，无不向游客展示着开曼群岛人民的丰富
历史。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是everything，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填provides。
90. 考查非谓语动词。句意：每当我来到这些岛屿，我肯定会花很多时间逛国家博物馆，了解这些奇妙的岛屿。
这里是表目的，所以用动词不定式。故填to learn。
10
91. powerful
92. showed
93. what/whatever
94. or
95. energetic
96. so
97. being moved
98. on/upon
99. burst
100. extremely
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章中作者主要介绍了音乐对自己的影响以及音乐在人们生活中的重要作用。
91. 考查形容词。句意：音乐是我生活中最有影响力的东西之一。结合上文形容词最高级的the most，以及修饰
后文名词things应用形容词powerful，作定语。故填powerful。
92. 考查动词时态。句意：小时候，我对音乐的兴趣并没有现在这么强烈。根据时间状语 when young可知要用
一般过去时。故填showed。
93. 考查宾语从句。句意：我主要是听我爸妈在听的东西。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指物，表示
“无论什么”可用what或whatever引导。故填what/whatever。
94. 考查固定短语。句意：无论我是在车里，房子里，还是其他任何地方，都肯定有一些披头士，或者巴迪霍
利不断播放的背景音乐。结合句意表示“无论是……还是……”可知短语为whether...or…。故填or。
95. 考查形容词。句意：我喜欢音乐，因为它让我在面对任何困难时都能感到精力充沛。系动词feel 后跟形容
词energetic，作表语。故填energetic。96. 考查副词。句意：《A Little Bit Longer》这首歌是如此的感人和鼓舞人心，每当我听到它，我都忍不住感动
得流泪，尤其是当我看到它被活生生地播放。此处修饰后文形容词emotional，应用副词so，构成so+adj.+that
句式，表示“如此……以至于……”。故填so。
97. 考查非谓语动词。句意：《A Little Bit Longer》这首歌是如此的感人和鼓舞人心，每当我听到它，我都忍不
住感动得流泪，尤其是当我看到它被活生生地播放。结合句意表示“禁不住做某事：情不自禁做某事”可知短
语为can't help doing sth.，且move与主语I为被动关系，应用being done形式。故填being moved。
98. 考查介词。句意：音乐对我们情感的影响是巨大的，因为它可以让人们流泪或大笑。结合句意表示
“对……有影响”可知短语为have an effect on/upon。故填on/upon。
99. 考查名词。句意：音乐对我们情感的影响是巨大的，因为它可以让人们流泪或大笑。句中burst为可数名词，
结合并列的floods也可知此处应用复数形式。故填bursts。
100. 考查副词。句意：对我来说，音乐在我的生活中非常重要。修饰后文形容词 important 应用副词
extremely，作状语。故听extremely。
