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机密 启用前
★
大 学 英 语 六 级 考 试
ＣＯＬＬＥＧＥ ＥＮＧＬＩＳＨ ＴＥＳＴ
—Ｂａｎｄ Ｓｉｘ—
（２０１８ 年 １２ 月第 ３ 套）
试 题 册
☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆
敬 告 考 生
一、 在答题前， 请认真完成以下内容：
1. 请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条 答题卡的印刷质量 如有问题及时向监考员反映
、 ， ，
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、 ，
用 HB 2B 铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑
⁃ 。
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、 、 、 ，
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。 ， ，
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， 、 ， ⁃
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， 。
三、 以下情况按违规处理：
1. 未正确填写 ( 涂 ) 个人信息 错贴 不贴 毁损条形码粘贴条
， 、 、 。
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、 、 。
3. 未用所规定的笔作答 折叠或毁损答题卡导致无法评卷
、 。
4. 考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机
。
全国大学英语四、 六级考试委员会Ｐａｒｔ ＩＩ Ｌｉｓｔｅｎｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ (３０ ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ)
６ １
·
特别说明
六级考试每次仅考两套听力
第三套听力试题同第一套或第二套试题一致
Ｐａｒｔ ＩＩＩ Ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ (４０ ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ)
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ａ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｔｈｅｒｅ ｉｓ ａ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｅｎ ｂｌａｎｋｓ． Ｙｏｕ ａｒｅ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ ｔｏ ｓｅｌｅｃｔ ｏｎｅ ｗｏｒｄ ｆｏｒ
： ，
ｅａｃｈ ｂｌａｎｋ ｆｒｏｍ ａ ｌｉｓｔ ｏｆ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｉｎ ａ ｗｏｒｄ ｂａｎｋ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ． Ｒｅａｄ ｔｈｅ
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｙｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ． Ｅａｃｈ ｃｈｏｉｃｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｂａｎｋ ｉｓ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄ
ｂｙ ａ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ． Ｐｌｅａｓｅ ｍａｒｋ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｆｏｒ ｅａｃｈ ｉｔｅｍ ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２ ｗｉｔｈ ａ
ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｌｉｎｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｔｈｅ ｃｅｎｔｒｅ． Ｙｏｕ ｍａｙ ｎｏｔ ｕｓｅ ａｎｙ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｄｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｂａｎｋ ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ｏｎｃｅ．
In whats probably the craziest headline Ive ever written, Ive reported that 26 in livestock
protection are happening with scientists painting eyes on the butts of cows. The experiment is based
upon the idea that farmers whore protecting their herd from lions would shoot and kill lions in an
effort to protect their livestock. While this makes a lot of sense, it results in many lion deaths that
27 would have been unnecessary. Researchers in Australia have been 28 and testing a method
of trickery to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes on cow butts.
This idea is based on the principle that lions and other 29 are far less likely to attack when they
feel they are being watched. As conservation areas become smaller, lions are increasingly coming into
contact with human populations, which are expanding to the 30 of these protected areas.
Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first, but they could make actual
headway in the fight for conservation. If the method works, it could provide farmers in Botswana
“ —
and 31 with a low cost, sustainable tool to protect their livestock, and a way to keep lions
— ⁃
safe from being killed.
”
Lions are 32 ａｍｂｕｓｈ （埋伏） hunters, so when they feel their prey has 33 them, they
usually give up on the hunt. Researchers are 34 testing their idea on a select herd of cattle. They
have painted half of the cows with eyes and left the other half as normal. Through satellite tracking of
both the herd and the lions in the area, they will be able to 35 if their psychological trickery will
work to help keep farmers from shooting lions.A) advances I) otherwise
B) boundaries J) predators
C) challenging K) primarily
D) currently L) retorted
E) determine M) spotted
F) devising N) testimonies
G) elsewhere O) wrestle
H) nevertheless
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｂ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｙｏｕ ａｒｅ ｇｏｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｒｅａｄ ａ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｅｎ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ ａｔｔａｃｈｅｄ ｔｏ ｉｔ． Ｅａｃｈ
： ，
ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｉｎ ｏｎｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｓ． Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ ｔｈｅ ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ ｆｒｏｍ
ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ． Ｙｏｕ ｍａｙ ｃｈｏｏｓｅ ａ ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ｏｎｃｅ． Ｅａｃｈ
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ ｉｓ ｍａｒｋｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ． Ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｂｙ ｍａｒｋｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ
ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２．
Ｒｅｓｉｌｉｅｎｃｅ Ｉｓ Ａｂｏｕｔ Ｈｏｗ Ｙｏｕ Ｒｅｃｈａｒｇｅ， Ｎｏｔ Ｈｏｗ Ｙｏｕ Ｅｎｄｕｒｅ
A As constant travelers and parents of a 2 year old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work
［ ］ ⁃ ⁃
we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race
to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last minute work call,
⁃
calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work
session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the
same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to ｓｏｌｄｉｅｒ ｏｎ ｗｉｔｈ （继续处理）
the emails that have inevitably still piled up.
B Why should flying deplete us? Were just sitting there doing nothing. Why cant we be tougher
［ ］
more ｒｅｓｉｌｉｅｎｔ （有复原力的） and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the
—
goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the
problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a
misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.
C We often take a militaristic, tough approach to resilience and determination like a Marine
［ ］ “ ”
pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking
himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the
tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is
scientifically inaccurate.
D The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be
［ ］
６ ２
·resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of
recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery
—
whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by
watching our phones is costing our companies $ 62 billion a year in lost productivity.
—
E And just because work stops, it doesnt mean we are recovering. We stop work sometimes at
［ ］ “ ”
5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our
work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work well do tomorrow. In a
study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become
ｗｏｒｋａｈｏｌｉｃｓ （工作狂）. The scientists cite a definition of workaholism as being overly
“ ” “
concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much
time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.
”
F We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American
［ ］
workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a
large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our
working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health
care costs and turnover costs for employers.
G The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age.Parents trying to teach their children
［ ］
resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project.
What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well rested one. When an exhausted student
⁃
goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesnt have the
cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self control with his friends; and at
⁃
home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and
the bad habits we acquire when were young only magnify when we hit the workforce.
H As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance
［ ］
zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your
resources to try hard requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low
“ ”
arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to
overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance.
The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.
I So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task
［ ］
like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start
again later in the day or the next morning, youll have your energy back. But surely everyone
reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain
is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still
feel exhausted the next day. Thats because rest and recovery are not the same thing.
６ ３
·J If youre trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery
［ ］
periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: Internal recovery
“
refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the
work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or
changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are
temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of
work e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.
— ”
If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone
or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not
received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.
K If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the
［ ］
resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes
how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She
suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone
each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically
scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day.
If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.
L In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not
［ ］
have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends not talking about
—
work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your
productivity and likelihood of promotion.
M As for us, weve started using our plane time as a work free zone, and thus time to dip into the
［ ］ ⁃
recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get
on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more
challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to
music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready
to return to the performance zone.
36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.
37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.
38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases ones work efficiency.
39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.
40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.
６ ４
·41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.
42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.
43. The author has come to see that this problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of
resilience.
44. Peoples distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.
45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｃ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ Ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ２ ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ． Ｅａｃｈ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｉｓ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ ｂｙ ｓｏｍｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｒ
：
ｕｎｆｉｎｉｓｈｅｄ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ． Ｆｏｒ ｅａｃｈ ｏｆ ｔｈｅｍ ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｆｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ｍａｒｋｅｄ Ａ Ｂ Ｃ ａｎｄ
）， ）， ）
Ｄ ． Ｙｏｕ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｄｅｃｉｄｅ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｂｅｓｔ ｃｈｏｉｃｅ ａｎｄ ｍａｒｋ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
）
Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２ with a single line through the centre.
Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｏｎｅ
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ４６ ｔｏ ５０ ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
Children with attention problems in early childhood were 40% less likely to graduate from high
school, says a new study from Duke University.
The study included 386 kindergarteners from schools in the Fast Track Project, a multi site
⁃
clinical trial in the U.S. that in 1991 began tracking how children developed across their lives.
With this study, researchers examined early academic attention and socio emotional skills and
⁃
how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood.
They found that early attention skills were the most consistent predictor of academic success, and
that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performance.
By fifth grade, children with early attention difficulties had lower grades and reading achievement
scores than their peers. As fifth graders, children with early attention problems obtained average reading
⁃
scores at least 3% lower than their contemporaries and grades at least 8% lower than those of their
peers. This was after controlling for IQ, socio economic status and academic skills at school entry.
⁃
Although these may not seem like large effects, the impact of early attention problems continued
throughout the childrens academic careers. Lower reading achievement scores and grades in fifth
grade contributed to reduced grades in middle school and thereby contributed to a 40% lower high
school graduation rate.
The children we identified as having attention difficulties were not diagnosed with ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ
“
ｄｅｆｉｃｉｔ ｈｙｐｅｒａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ （注意力缺乏多动症） ADHD , although some may have had the
（ ）
disorder. Our findings suggest that even more modest attention difficulties can increase the risk of
negative academic outcomes, said David Rabiner, an associate dean of Dukes Trinity College of
”
６ ５
·Arts & Sciences, whose research has focused on ADHD and interventions to improve academic
performance in children with attention difficulties.
Social acceptance by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade, Children not
as liked by their first grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade, while those with higher
⁃
social acceptance had higher grades.
This study shows the importance of so called non cognitive or soft skills in contributing to
“ ⁃ ‘ ⁃ ’
childrens positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic success, said
”
Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy.
The results highlight the need to develop effective early interventions to help those with attention
problems stay on track academically and for educators to encourage positive peer relationships, the
researchers said.
Were learning that student success requires a more comprehensive approach, one that
“
incorporates not only academic skills but also social, self regulatory and attention skills, Dodge said.
⁃ ”
If we neglect any of these areas, the childs development lags. If we attend to these areas, a childs
“
success may reinforce itself with positive feedback loops.
”
46. What is the focus of the new study from Duke University?
A) The contributors to childrens early attention.
B) The predictors of childrens academic success.
C) The factors that affect childrens emotional well being.
⁃
D) The determinants of childrens development of social skills.
47. How did the researchers ensure that their findings are valid?
A) By attaching equal importance to all possible variables examined.
B) By collecting as many typical samples as were necessary.
C) By preventing them from being affected by factors not under study.
D) By focusing on the family background of the children being studied.
48. What do we learn from the findings of the Duke study?
A) Modest students are generally more attentive than their contemporaries.
B) There are more children with attention difficulties than previously thought.
C) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder accounts for most academic failures.
D) Childrens academic performance may suffer from even slight inattention.
49. What does the Duke study find about children better accepted by peers?
A) They do better academically. C) They are teachers favorites.
B) They are easy to get on with. D) They care less about grades.
50. What can we conclude from the Duke study?
A) Childrens success is related to their learning environment.
６ ６
·B) School curriculum should cover a greater variety of subjects.
C) Social skills are playing a key role in childrens development.
D) An all round approach should be adopted in school education.
⁃
Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｔｗｏ
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ５１ ｔｏ ５５ ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
On Jan. 9,2007, Steve Jobs formally announced Apples revolutionary mobile phone a
“ ”—
device that combined the functionality of an iPod, phone and Internet communication into a single
unit, navigated by touch.
It was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority
of American adults and are increasingly common across the globe.
As smartphones have multiplied, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how
we work. Often the advantages of convenient, mobile technology are both obvious and taken for
granted, leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion: Are smartphones disturbing childrens
sleep? Is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health? And what are the
implications for privacy?
But today, on the 10th anniversary of the iPhone, lets take a moment to consider a less obvious
advantage: the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral science. Thats
because, for the first time in human history, a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact
with technology that can record key features of an individuals behavior and environment.
Researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research, either to query
people regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the devices built in
⁃
sensors. These studies are confirming, challenging and extending whats been found using more
traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively
short and artificial laboratory based tasks.
⁃
Such studies are just first steps. As more data are collected and methods for analysis improve,
researchers will be in a better position to identify how different experiences, behaviors and
environments relate to each other and evolve over time, with the potential to improve peoples
productivity and wellbeing in a variety of domains. Beyond revealing population wide patterns, the
⁃
right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their
own behavior, including conditions that could indicate the need for some form of intervention such
—
as an unusual increase in behaviors that signal a period of depression.
Smartphone based data collection comes at an appropriate time in the evolution of psychological
⁃
science. Today, the field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with
undergraduate participants towards more complex, real world situations studied with more diverse
⁃
groups of people. Smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, providing rich data
about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts.
So heres another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live and work: by
offering insights into human psychology and behavior and, thus, supporting smarter social science.
６ ７
·51. What does the author say about the negative impact of smartphones?
A) It has been overshadowed by the positive impact.
B) It has more often than not been taken for granted.
C) It is not so obvious but has caused some concern.
D) It is subtle but should by no means be overstated.
52. What is considered a less obvious advantage of smartphone technology?
A) It systematically records real human interactions.
B) It helps people benefit from technological advances.
C) It brings people into closer contact with each other.
D) It greatly improves research on human behavior.
53. What characterizes traditional psychological research?
A) It is based on huge amounts of carefully collected data.
B) It relies on lab observations and participants reports.
C) It makes use of the questionnaire method.
D) It is often expensive and time consuming.
⁃
54. How will future psychological studies benefit individuals?
A) By helping them pin down their unusual behaviors.
B) By helping them maintain a positive state of mind.
C) By helping them live their lives in a unique way.
D) By helping them cope with abnormal situations.
55. What do we learn about current psychological studies?
A) They are going through a period of painful transition.
B) They are increasingly focused on real life situations.
⁃
C) They are conducted in a more rigorous manner.
D) They are mainly targeted towards undergraduates.
Ｐａｒｔ ＩＶ Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ (３０ ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ)
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ Ｆｏｒ ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｒｔ ｙｏｕ ａｒｅ ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ ３０ ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ ｔｏ ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅ ａ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｆｒｏｍ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｉｎｔｏ Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ．
： ，
Ｙｏｕ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｗｒｉｔｅ ｙｏｕｒ ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２.
近年来 中国政府进一步加大体育馆建设投资 以更好地满足人们快速增长的健身需求
， ， 。
除了新建体育馆外 许多城市还采取了改造旧工厂和商业建筑等措施 来增加当地体育馆的数
， ，
量 在政府资金的支持下 越来越多的体育馆向公众免费开放 或者只收取少量费用 许多体
。 ， ， 。
育馆通过应用现代信息技术大大提高了服务质量 人们可以方便地在线预订场地和付费 可
。 。
以预见 随着运动设施的不断完善 愈来愈多的人将会去体育馆健身
， ， 。
６ ８
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