人教版新目标九年级英语自学手册
+ + +
知识点解析 短语归纳 写作指导 自我检测
Unit 6 When was it invented?
Section B
知识点解析
知识精讲
1. in the end 最后；最终 (Page 45 1c)
其后不接of短语，相当于at last, finally。此短语强调经过许多变化莫测的情况之后某
事才发生。
►They were out of danger in the end. 他们最后脱险了。
【拓展】（1）at the end of...后接地点名词时，表示＂在……尽头＂；后接表示时间的名词
时，表示＂在……结束时＂。
►Walk along the street and you’ll find the hospital at the end of the street. 沿着这条街走，在街
道的尽头你就会找到那家医院。
（2）by the end of...意为＂在……以前； 到……为止＂，常用于将来时态或过去完成时态
的句子中。
►We will finish the work by the end of this year. 我们在今年年底以前就会完成这项工作。
2. Canadian adj. 加拿大的；加拿大的 (Page 46 2b)
►Her sister is a Canadian teacher. 她的姐姐是一位加拿大教师。
【拓展】Canadian用作可数名词，意为＂加拿大人＂。其复数形式为Canadians。
►Two Canadians are taking photos in the park. 两名加拿大人正在公园里拍照。
【助记】Canada(加拿大) Canadian (加拿大人)
Australia (澳大利亚) Australian (澳大利亚人)
America (美国；美洲) American （美国人；美洲人）
3. divide...into把……分开 （Page 46 2b）
其被动结构为 be divided into，意为＂被分为……＂。
►Let’s divide ourselves into several groups. 让我们分成几个小组吧。
divide 及物动词，意为＂分开；分散＂，指把整体分成若干部分。►He divided the cake among the children. 他把这个蛋糕分给了孩子们。
【典例】My P. E. teacher ____________ us ____________ (把……分成) two teams and asked
us to play games.
【答案】divided...into...
【解析】结合and后的动词(asked)形式可知divide也用过去式。
4. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 （Page 46 2b）
►The teacher often encourages us to study hard. 老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。
【拓展】encourage sb. in sth. 意为＂在……方面助长某人的某种行为/鼓励某人＂。
►Don’t encourage him in laziness. 别助长他的懒惰行为。
【典例】Jessica’s parents always encourage her ____________ out her opinions.
A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. will speak
【答案】C
【解析】encourage sb. to do sth. 意为＂鼓励某人做某事＂， 为固定用法， 故选C。
5. nearly adv. 几乎；差不多；将近 （Page 48 Self Check）
►It took nearly two hours to get there. 到那里花了将近两个小时。
【辨析】nearly与almost
两者均有＂几乎；差不多；将近＂之意，有时可通用，具体区别如下表：
几乎；差不多；将近 可以和 not连用，not nearly 意为＂远非，绝不是＂；
nearly
nearly前可用very，pretty等词修饰。
几乎；差不多 可以和no, never, nothing等表示否定意义的词连用，但不
almost
与not连用
►We’ve saved some money, but it’s not nearly enough. 我们存了一点儿钱，但还远远不够。
►I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。
6. at a low price 以低价
►This sweater is on sale at a low price. 这件毛衣正以低价出售。
low形容词，意为＂低的＂。
►She jumped over the low wall. 她跳过了那堵矮墙。
【拓展】＂高低贵贱＂的用法：
low 低 主语是价格，不能是物品本身
high 高
cheap 廉价；便宜的 主语不能是价格，必须是物品本
身expensive 昂贵的；花钱多的
►Today in Tokyo the lowest temperature is 16℃, and the highest is 28℃. 今天东京的最低气
温是16℃，最高气温是28℃。
►The price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格很高。
►The price of this book is not low for me. 这本书的价格对我来说不低。
►This watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。
►This cloth doll is very cheap. 这个布娃娃很便宜。
【典例】At present, the price of the houses in Urumqi ____________ than before. I can afford
____________ a large one.
A. are cheaper; to buy B. is cheaper; buy
C. are lower; buy D. is lower; to buy
【答案】D
【解析】本题用分析句意法解题。句意：现在，乌鲁木齐市房子的价格比以前低，我可以
负担得起买一套大房子。the price of the houses作主语，应用low或high表示，且谓语动词
用单数。afford to do sth.负担得起做某事。
7. translate /træns’leɪt/ v. 翻译
translate... into ...意为＂把……翻译成……＂，既可用于主动语态中，也可用于被动语态中。
►Don’t translate everything into Chinese when you read English articles. 当你阅读英语文章时，
不要把所有的东西都翻译成汉语。
►Will the book be translated into English as soon as possible? 这本书会尽快翻译成英文吗？
【典例】Do you know Mo Yan? His books ____________ into English a few years ago.
A. were translated B. translated
C. are translated D. translates
【答案】A
【解析】本题用语法判定法解题。句意：你知道莫言吗？他的书几年前被翻译成英文。本
句为被动语态，根据句中的时间状语a few years ago可知用一般过去时。
【拓展】translation n. 翻译 translator n. 翻译家
8. by mistake 错误地；无意中
►I took your bag by mistake. 我错拿了你的包。
【注意】by 与mistake之间不加冠词，是介词短语，在句中作状语。【典例】—Where is my book?
—Oh, sorry! I have taken yours ____________ mistake.
A. by B. by a C. with D. with a
【答案】A
【解析】by mistake 错误地；无意中。
9. the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会
与the Olympic Games同义，作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
【典例】The 30th Olympics ____________ in London in 2012.
A. held B. will be held
C. were held D. has been held
【答案】C
【解析】此题用主谓一致法。主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。主语与hold为动宾关系，
要用被动语态，再由时间状语可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。
10. stop ...from ... 阻止……做某事
stop sb.from doing sth.相当于prevent sb.from doing sth.，在主动语态中，两者中的from
均可省略，但在被动语态中不可省略。
►No one can stop us (from) carrying out the plan. 没有人能阻止我们实施这个计划。
►The water must be prevented from polluting by us. 我们必须阻止水被污染。
【典例】I will try my best to stop my son from ____________ the same mistake.
A. make B. made C. makes D. making
【答案】D
【解析】本题用固定短语法解题。句意：我会尽最大努力阻止我的儿子犯同样的错误。
stop sb.from doing sth. 意为＂阻止某人做某事＂。
11. not only... but also... 不但……而且……
以not only ...but (also)... 连接的句子，当not only置于句首时往往引起部分倒装。
►Not only can I do it but (also) I can do it best. 我不仅能做到而且我能做得最好。
not only ... but also... 应连接两个对称的并列成分，连接两个主语时谓语动词要采用就
近原则。
►Not only Mr. Lin but also his son loves the movie. 不但林先生而且他的儿子也喜欢这部电
影。
【拓展】常见的就近原则的结构有：(1) neither...nor... 既不……也不…… (两者都不)
►Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
(2) either...or...不是……就是…… (两者中的一个)
►Either you or Lily is a student. 不是你就是莉莉是学生。
(3) there be结构
►There is a pen and two books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。
12. look up to 钦佩；仰慕
►I looked up to Thomas Edison when I was a child.当我是个孩子的时候我很钦佩托马斯·爱迪
生。
其反义短语是look down on 看不起，鄙视。
【拓展】look的常用短语：
look up 向上看；查阅(词典) look down 向下看
look after 照看；照顾 look around 环顾四周
look for 寻找 look forward to 盼望
【典例】马云很成功，许多年轻人仰慕他。(look)
Ma Yun is so successful that many young people ____________ him.
【答案】look up to
13. hero /’hɪərəʊ/ n. 英雄
►It is believed that all astronauts are real heroes. 人们认为所有的宇航员都是真正的英雄。
hero的复数形式是在其后加-es构成的。
【魔法记忆】巧记以o结尾加-es变复数的名词：
黑人(Negro) 英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿 (tomato) 炒土豆(potato)。
14. This is because... 这是因为……
系动词之后是表语，表语是由一个句子充当的，即称为表语从句，连接表语从句的词
有：because，why，that，what，who，when，where，which，whether，how等。
►All the cars are going slowly. This is because there is a thick fog. 所有的车都开得很慢，这是
因为有浓雾。
►His bike was broken. That is why he came to school on foot. 他的自行车坏了。那就是他步
行来学校的原因。
【典例】You have spent too much time playing computer games. That’s ____________ your
eyes hurt.A. why B. how C. what D. when
【重点短语】
potato chips 炸薯条；炸土豆片
by mistake 错误地；无意中
in the end 最后
put lots of salt on ... 在……上面撒很多盐
a much-loved and active sport 一种备受欢迎而且剧烈的运动
more than 超过；多于
in history 历史上
a college teacher 一位大学老师
divide ... into 把……分开
get the ball in the other team’s basket 把球投进对方篮筐
at the same time 同时
stop ... from doing ... 阻止……做……
dream of 梦想；幻想；向往
not only ... but also ... 不但……而且……
the number of ... ……的数量
look up to these basketball heroes 钦佩 / 仰慕这些篮球英雄
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
achieve their dreams 实现他们的梦想
come up with 提出；想出
lead to 导致
【写作指导】
本单元的话题是“发明”，涉及科普知识与技术等内容，是学生最感兴趣的话题之一。写
作体裁多为说明文，写好这类文章一定要抓住事物的特征、功能和用途。
写作此类话题作文的常用表达有：
(1) When was …invented?
(2) It was invented…
(3) They are used for…
【写作任务】
写作任务 (Section B 3a & 3b)假如你就读于一所国际学校，酷爱发明。在你校的“科技周”活动中你想
向同学们“推销”你的一项新发明，请你写一篇短文为此做准备。
【审清题目】
内容：介绍你的一项新发明 文体：说明文
人称：以第三人称为主 时态：以
一般现在时为主
【头脑风暴】
【提供素材】
(以下表所列2个发明为例，展示如何搜集所需语言素材)
语块
发明名称 an alarm on the glasses cleaning dog
发明时间 three months ago in 2017
发明人 Li Hua Alex
dealing with rubbish at
用途 finding glasses
home
There is a button (按钮) on the
构造 / 外观 alarm. It is controlled by a remote looks like a real dog
control (遥控器).
Turn on the button with the It uses its nose to look for
remote control, and the alarm will its food — the rubbish.
工作原理
make a sound.
The rubbish will turn into
Follow the sound to the glasses. energy (能源) after beingeaten.
价格 20 yuan 30 dollars
句型
1. It was invented in ... / last ... / ... weeks / months / years ago.
2. It was invented by ... 3. It’s made of ...
4. It looks like ... 5. It is ... meters tall and weighs ... kilos.
6. It can be used as ... 7. It is used for doing ...
8. It can help ... (to) do ... 9. It is easy / convenient / ... for ... to do ...
10. It’s / It costs you ... yuan / dollars.
【谋篇布局】
【点评范文】
1. 内容：文章内容全面，作者介绍了新发明的名称、发明时间、用途、构造、
工作原理及价格。由于此文的写作目的是推销一项新发明，若在文章开头点明
该发明适合的目标群体、潜在用户会更有利于销售(将you改为 those who
need to look for their glasses from time to time)。
2. 语言：在介绍该发明的工作原理时，作者使用了表示顺序的词first和then，
使得听众容易明白如何操作。如果将文章的最后一句话If you hate it, please
come to me and buy one改为If so, please come to me and buy one，文章的语言
会显得地道而精练。
【典型例题2】计算机在我们的生活、工作中的作用越来越大，你知道计算机的起源与发展吗？
请结合计算机的发明时间（1946年）、外形、用途等方面，谈一下它的发展变
化，并说明你对未来计算机的畅想。
【优秀范文】
Computer
Computers are becoming more and more important in our daily life. Do you know
when the computer was invented?
The computer was invented in 1946. At that time, it was huge. With the development
of science and technology, the computer has grown smaller. Now there are many
kinds of computers, such as personal computers and laptops. The computer is a very
useful tool in our life. For example, it can send some messages to foreign friends by
email. What’s more, it can share information with others through the World Wide
Web. We can also listen to music or play the game on computers. It makes us relax.
It’s hard to imagine what our life would be like without computers. I think computers
will be more convenient and they are going to change our life completely in the near
future.
【自测题】
一、完成句子
根据汉语意思完成英语句子
1．Basketball has ______ ______（不仅）become a popular sport to play，______ it has
______（而且）become a popular sport to watch.
2．Now many young people ______ ______ ______（梦想成为）famous basketball players.
3．Their teacher often ______ them ______ work hard to ______ ______ ______（鼓
励……实现他们的梦想）。
4．She will come here ______ ______（即使）it rains.
5．The students were ______ ______（分成）two groups to play soccer yesterday.二. 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词(含缩略形式)。
1. These computers were made in 2013. (改为否定句)
These computers ________ ________ in 2013.
2. The boy's story was reported differently in the newspapers. (改为一般疑问句)
________ the boy's story __________ differently in the newspapers?
3. The 29th Olympics were held in Beijing on August 8, 2008. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the 29th Olympics ________ in Beijing?
4. Mom opened the window just now. (改为被动语态)
The window ________ ________ ________ Mom just now.
三、单项选择
1.—How was your skating lesson last week?______
—Not bad. Although I fell over many times, I managed to skate at last.
A. in the end B. at present C. at times
2. Miss Chen, my dear English teacher, often encourages me ______ the challenges in my
study.
A. face B. faces C. facing D. to face
3. A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their
classmates. So it ______ helps with students’ health, ______ improves their social skills.
A. either; or B. neither; nor C. not only; but also
4. After years of war, the people in Syria are thirsty for ______.
A. price B. noise C. peace D. course
5. I could ______ control my feelings at the moment. The movie reminds me of my childhood.
A. really B. nearly C. slowly D. hardly
6．—Could you please sweep the floor?
— ______ ．I'm busy babysitting my sister.
A．Sorry，you can't B．Yes，sure C．Yes，I can D．Sorry，I can't
7．The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it ______.A．invents B．invented
C．is invented D．was invented
8．A year has four seasons and it______twelve different star signs．
A．divided into
B．is dividing into
C．dividing into
D．is divided into
9．—Do you know ______ in ancient China?
—I have no idea，but I know people once used tree bark (树皮) to make paper.
A．how paper was made B．how was paper made
C．what paper was made from D．what was paper made from
10．At first, the customers thought the potatoes weren’t ______.
A．enough thin B．thin enough C．enough thick D．salt enough
11．My brother locked the door to ______ somebody ______ into our house.
A．stop；to get B．stop；getting C．keep；getting D．keep；to get
12．The soup ______ salty because Mom added much salt to it.
A．looked B．tasted C．was looked D．was tasted
13．Jay Chou has a great influence on teenagers. They always ______ him.
A．look out of B．look for C．look forward to D．look up to
14．______ Tony ______ Frank is warm-hearted. They're popular with us all.
A．Both；and B．Not only；but also C．Neither；nor D．Either；or
15．______ students are present today，and ______ them is 200.
A．The number of；a number of B．A number of；the number of
C．The number of；the number of D．A number of；a number of
四、完型填空
Today, roller skating(滑旱冰) is easy and fun. 16 a long time ago. It wasn’t easy at all.
Before 1970, the idea of skating didn't exist ( 存在). That changed because of a man 17
Joseph Merlin. Merlin's work was making instruments. In his spare time he liked to play the
violin. Joseph Merlin was a man of ideas and 18 . People called him a dreamer. One day
Merlin received a(n) 19 to attend a party. He was very pleased and a little excited. As the
day of the party came near, Merlin began to 20 how to make a special entrance at the party.Then he had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of 21 if he could skate into the room.
Merlin tried different ways to make himself move, 22 he decided to put two wheels
under each shoe. These were his first roller skates. Merlin was very 23 of his invention and
dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.
24 the night of the party Merlin skated into the room playing his violin. Everyone was
surprised to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He
skated on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. The mirror
fell down, breaking into pieces. 25 forgot Merlin’s special entrance for a long time!
16．A．And B．But C．So D．Or
17．A．named B．given C．guided D．picked
18．A．knowledge B．information C．wealth D．dreams
19．A．introduction B．excuse C．invitation D．question
20．A．think B．worry C．celebrate D．doubt
21．A．attention B．advice C．encouragement D．punishment
22．A．Suddenly B．Finally C．Recently D．Luckily
23．A．nervous B．afraid C．tired D．proud
24．A．At B．In C．On D．From
25．A．Everybody B．Anybody C．Nobody D．Somebody
五、阅读单选
A
Look at this special handrail(扶手). One part of it is a seat. It is helpful for old
people. They can sit on it and rest when they're climbing stairs. A company in
Shenzhen designed this handrail. What a good idea!
Wearing a mask(口罩)is not a big problem for people with hearing problems,
wearing masks makes it hard for them to communicate with others. This new mask
design is here to help. There is a "window" in it. People with hearing problems can
read each other's lips(嘴唇)and facial expressions.
Can printers only print on paper? This small printer can print on almost
anything. You can print on clothes, cups and even on your skin! The printer uses a
special kind of ink. If you don't like the pattern(图案), you can just wash it off.
Once fully charged, the printer can work for six hours.Pepper is a human-like robot. Japanese company SoftBank invented it. It can
talk with people through speech or body language. Because of this, Pepper can be a
babysitter(保姆), nurse and emergency(急救)medical worker.
In April, 2020, a supermarket in Germany started using Pepper to keep
customers apart from each other. It can tell customers to keep their distance(距
离)while shopping.
26．This handrail is helpful for ______.
A．the old B．the rich C．the young D．the poor
27．This new mask makes it ______ for people with hearing problems to communicate with
others.
A．hard B．easy C．comfortable D．exciting
28．You can ______if you don't like the pattern.
A．put it off B．cut it of C．turn it off D．wash it off
29．Germans started using Pepper to ______ in a supermarket.
A．work as nurses B．look after babies
C．keep customers apart from each other D．save customers' lives as soon as possible
30．We can probably find the passage in a ______.
A．travel guide B．science magazine C．history book D．geography book
The window ________ ________ ________ Mom just now.
六. 阅读短文，从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。
translate, Canada, pleasure, sudden, mention, somebody
Dear Marcus,
How are you in the UK? In your last e-mail you (1)___________ Pam. You want to
know something about this girl, yes? Of course I know a lot about her. Pam is a
(2)__________ girl. She's smart. Her hobby is writing. Four years ago, she wrote a
book. In 2015, it came out. It was popular with many people. And it was
(3)__________ into many different languages. Pam has become a successful and
young writer. Pam's hobby has brought her (4)__________ and success. Many people
love Pam and I'm among of them. I'm proud to know her. To be exact, I also want to
be (5)___________ like her. Oh, Marcus, something always happened all of a(6)________. My light went off. I must stop to have a look.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Steve
参考答案
Unit 5 What are the shirts made of?
Section B
一． 完成句子
1．not only but also
2．dream of becoming
3．encourages to achieve their dreams
4．even though
5．divided into
二．句型转换
Ⅰ. 1. weren't made 2. Was reported 3. When were held
4. was opened by
三． 单项选择
ADCCD DDDAB BBDBB
四． 完形填空
BADCA ABDCC
五 阅读理解
ABDCB
六．短文填空
. 1. mentioned 2. Canadian 3. translated 4. pleasure 5. somebody
6. sudden
