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专题04 宾语从句与定语从句
内容导航
01 复习目标→明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标
02 知识重构→系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系
脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区
典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼
巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学
03 综合通关→综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
时态
1. 语序
2. 时态
3. 引导词
常见题型：
单项选择、语法填空（有/无提示词）、完形填
空、短文填空、任务型阅读（6 选5/阅读表达）、
书面表达。
命题导向：回归课标，弱化纯规则记忆，强化
真实情境+语篇逻辑+文化融合。
语态
关系代词：which，who，that，
whose，whom
脉｜络｜重｜构
宾语
从句
引导词
that, if/ whether, 特殊疑问词
语序
陈述句语序
时态
从句时态取决于主句时态
定语
从句
关系
代词
Which 指物
Who 指认
That 指人或物
考｜点｜精｜讲
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知识点一宾语从句
宾语从句在主从复合句中起宾语的作用，既可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词、非谓语动词的宾语。在初
中英语中，宾语从句主要从以下几个方面来把握：
一、引导词：引导宾语从句的关联词
1.that：由陈述句作宾语从句时，由从属连词that引导，that本身无义，在口语或非正式文体中常可省略。
如：I am sure (that) she has passed the exam.
She said (that) she would come.
2.if/whether: 由一般疑问句作宾语从句时，由从属连词whether 或if 引导，意为“是否”。
如：I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch。
Can you tell me if/whether you can come here tomorrow?
3.特殊疑问词：由特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由原来的特殊疑问代词who，whom，whose，what，which和
特殊疑问副词when，where，why，how引导。如，
He didn’t tell me when we would meet again.
I don’t know what is he.
The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school.
二、语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即“主语+谓语+…如，
Do you know when the next train will leave ?
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
Please tell me when you were born.
三、时态：宾语从句的时态与主句时态相呼应。
1.主句谓语动词如果是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态。
如：I know he didn't come. 我知道他没来。
I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天来。
I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去伦敦了。
2.主句中的谓语动词若是一般过去时，宾语从句也要用相应的过去的某一种时态。比如：一般过去时，过
去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。
如：I wanted to know when he would come.
3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。
【典例破题】The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun.
1. Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie.It’s about ______.
A.how did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror（恐怖统治）
B.what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror
C.how Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror
D.what Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror
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【答案】C
【详解】
句意：《爱丽丝梦游仙境》是一部很棒的电影。它是关于______的。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句需遵循陈述语序（主语+谓语），排除A、B 两项；D 项中“what”作动词“end”的宾
语，与句意不符，C 项“how”表示方式，符合“电影是关于爱丽丝如何结束红皇后恐怖统治”的语境。故为C。
思路点拨：1. 圈出主句动词（think/tell/know/ask/wonder 等），确定是宾语从句；
2. 看原句是陈述句/一般疑问/特殊疑问，选出引导词；
3. 调整从句为陈述语序（主语在前，动词在后）；
4. 根据主句时态，变换从句动词时态；
5. 检查固定搭配、if/whether 区别、客观真理特例。
【巩固提升】
—Could you please tell me ________?
—It will start at 8:00 this evening.
A. when the concert will start
B. when will the concert start
C. where the concert will be held
知识点二定语从句
一、定语从句的概念：定语从句在主从复合句中起定语作用，修饰主句中的名词或代词，被定语从句修饰
的词叫作先行词，定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代词之后。
二、定语从句引导词：定语从句主要由关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that和关系副词when，where，，
why所引导。它们在意义上代表先行词，同时在定语从句中担任某种成分，但没有疑问的意义。
三、关系代词的用法
1.who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。Whom指人，是宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，在非正式文体、
口语中常可以省去。Whose指人或事物，是所有格，在定语从句中作定语。如，The tall man who is standing
over there is my brother.（who is standing over there是关系代词who引导的定语从句，用以修饰who的先行词
man，who在从句中作主语）
2.that多用来指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指物时的用法与which基本相同，作宾语常
可省略。如，
Who is the man that is speaking at the meeting?（that is speaking at the meeting是关系代词that引导的定语从句，
用以修饰that的先行词man，that在从句中作主语）
【注意】先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that 也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that 不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one 等时，只
能用that。
There is nothing that I can do for you .
2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little 等词修饰时，只能用that。
This is the very book that I’m looking for .
3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。
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This is the first nextbook that I studied in the middle school .
4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain that I have ever seen .
5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。
He told us many interesting things and persons that we had .
3. which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。如，
The assistant showed me the book (which) I wanted to buy.( which I wanted to buy是关系代词which引导的定语
从句，用以修饰which的先行词book，which在从句中作宾语，因此可省略)
四、关系副词的用法
1.where: 先行词是表示地点的名词,在定语从句中作地点状语引导。
如，The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
2.when: 先行词是表示时间的名词,在定语从句中作时间状语.如，
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
如，I am sure (that) she has passed the exam.
She said (that) she would come.
【典例破题1】.I'd like to tell you about the table manners ____you should know when you visit France．
A．which
B．who C．what D．how
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我想跟你讲讲你去法国游玩时需要了解的餐桌礼仪。
先行词为the table manners（指物）；定语从句____you should know 中，关系词作know 的宾语。which 可指
代物、在从句中充当宾语；who 指代人；what 不能引导定语从句；how 为关系副词，只能作状语。故选A。
【典例破题2】.Yesterday，Mr Green went to his hometown and visited the old house ____ he was born in．
A．which
B．where
C．what D．It
【答案】A
【详解】句意：昨天格林先生回到了家乡，参观了他出生的那栋老房子。
先行词为the old house（指物）；定语从句后有介词in，完整逻辑为he was born in the old house，关系词作
介词in 的宾语。which 指代物，可置于介词后作宾语；where 是关系副词，等同于in which，句中已有in，
不可使用；what、it 不能引导定语从句。故选A。
思路点拨：1. 找到空格前名词/代词= 先行词，判断人/物；
2. 把先行词代入后面从句，看缺什么成分；
3. 缺主/宾→代词；缺状→副词；
4. 核对特殊限制（逗号、介词、不定代词等）；
5. 确认从句谓语单复数。
【巩固提升】
What kind of movies do you prefer?
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I prefer the movies ______ me something to think about.
A.which give
B. that gives
C.which gives
D. who gives
一、单项选择
1.Roald Dahl was a great children’s writer. Ms Dark past helped him paint a picture
______was different
to most other writers.
A. that
B. who
C. /
D. whom
2.I like the teacher__________ classes are very interesting and creative.
A. which
B. who
C. what
D. whose
3.I don’t know the teacher
is talking with Miss Wang.
A. what
B. whom
C, which
D. who
4.Sorry, we don’t have the coat ______ you need.
A. what
B. who
C. whom
D. which
5.—The project is so difficult for your cousin．
—Yes，I am wondering ________．
A. that he will finish it on time
B. whether he can finish it by himself
C. how could I help him out
D. can I do anything necessary for him
6.—Excuse me, could you tell me
?
—Sorry. A city map can help you.
A. where the play will be on
B. how I can get to the museum
C. when the bookstore closes
D. if you can lend me your bike
7.I wonder ________.
A. if the program Readers is popular
B. how does the program Readers succeed
C. when did the program Readers begin
D. whether is the program Readers popular
8.Father's Day is coming．I'm thinking about ______．
A．What present I gave him
B．where will we have a big meal
C．if I planned a party for him
D．how I will give him a surprise
9.—Excuse me，I wonder
．
—Yes，it's near the bookstore．
A．where we will go for the holiday
B．if there is a lost and found office
C．when she will give me a call
D．how we can go to Hong Kong
10，—Could you please tell me __________？
—Well，I always write e﹣mails to my pen pals．
A．how do you learn Chinese
B．what is your pen pal's hobby
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C．what do you do after class
D．how you improve your writing
二、填空完成句子：填入一个适当单词，使句意通顺。
1. — Do you know
the exchange students will cometo our school?
— Next term.
2.The door bell is ringing, please go and see _______it is
3.— Boy, your head teacher has set up a WeChat group. Could you tell me ______I join it? 11
—OK. I’ll teach you . It’s so easy.
4.—I wonder _______ there is a post office near here.
—Yes, it's on Main Street.
5.I think ________ mooncakes are very delicious.
6.—The village _________I visited last year has changed a lot.
—Really?I hope to go there on day.
7.This is my beautiful school _______ is near the famous library.
8.— Which girl is your sister?
— The girl ______ is wearing dark glasses.
9.The old woman ______ is wearing a pair of glasses ______ Mrs. Black.
10.If scientists know ________ the weather was like when the pictures were taken, they can estimate how many
penguins are pictured.
三、语法填空
When the great composer Robert Schumann first heard a work which 1.________(write) by young Chopin, he said,
“Hats off, gentlemen! A genius!”
Frédéric Chopin (1810–1849) is considered one of the greatest 2._______(music) in history. During his short
lifetime, he was celebrated as one of the world’s 3.________(great) pianists—even though he only gave around 30
concerts! He was also a gifted composer 4._______ left behind more than 200 musical works.
Chopin was born in 5._______ village in Poland. He didn’t attend music school until he was 16, but soon outdid his
teachers. His parents sent him to Vienna in 1829 to 6._______(wide) his musical experience. By 1832, he had made
his way to Paris, the city that he would call home for the rest of his life.
Chopin was not only a great pianist, but also a respected piano teacher. He often told his students 7._______ they
should put all their soul into it and play the way they felt This is advice that is still followed by musicians today.
Polish folk music was a kind of music 8.______ some people looked down on at the time—it was seen as too
simple and common. But it became an important characteristic of Chopin’s music. His use of Polish folk music
caused people to see it as a valuable art form.
His music also helped build a nation 9.______ was divided up by other countries. By using Polish folk music,
Chopin seemed to be saying to the world, “We are our own country with our own culture! We are our own people!”
Chopin’s music encouraged his people and helped them keep going through years of difficulty. Today, the Polish
people 10.______(proud) think of Poland as the country of Chopin.
