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专题04 宾语从句与定语从句
内容导航
01 复习目标→明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标
02 知识重构→系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系
脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区
典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼
巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学
03 综合通关→综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
时态
1. 语序
2. 时态
3. 引导词
常见题型：
单项选择、语法填空（有/无提示词）、完形填
空、短文填空、任务型阅读（6 选5/阅读表达）、
书面表达。
命题导向：回归课标，弱化纯规则记忆，强化
真实情境+语篇逻辑+文化融合。
语态
关系代词：which，who，that，
whose，whom
脉｜络｜重｜构
宾语
从句
引导词
that, if/ whether, 特殊疑问词
语序
陈述句语序
时态
从句时态取决于主句时态
定语
从句
关系
代词
Which 指物
Who 指认
That 指人或物
考｜点｜精｜讲
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知识点一宾语从句
宾语从句在主从复合句中起宾语的作用，既可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词、非谓语动词的宾语。在初
中英语中，宾语从句主要从以下几个方面来把握：
一、引导词：引导宾语从句的关联词
1.that：由陈述句作宾语从句时，由从属连词that引导，that本身无义，在口语或非正式文体中常可省略。
如：I am sure (that) she has passed the exam.
She said (that) she would come.
2.if/whether: 由一般疑问句作宾语从句时，由从属连词whether 或if 引导，意为“是否”。
如：I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch。
Can you tell me if/whether you can come here tomorrow?
3.特殊疑问词：由特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由原来的特殊疑问代词who，whom，whose，what，which和
特殊疑问副词when，where，why，how引导。如，
He didn’t tell me when we would meet again.
I don’t know what is he.
The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school.
二、语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即“主语+谓语+…如，
Do you know when the next train will leave ?
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
Please tell me when you were born.
三、时态：宾语从句的时态与主句时态相呼应。
1.主句谓语动词如果是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态。
如：I know he didn't come. 我知道他没来。
I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天来。
I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去伦敦了。
2.主句中的谓语动词若是一般过去时，宾语从句也要用相应的过去的某一种时态。比如：一般过去时，过
去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。
如：I wanted to know when he would come.
3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。
【典例破题】The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun.
1. Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie.It’s about ______.
A.how did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror（恐怖统治）
B.what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror
C.how Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror
D.what Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror
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【答案】C
【详解】
句意：《爱丽丝梦游仙境》是一部很棒的电影。它是关于______的。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句需遵循陈述语序（主语+谓语），排除A、B 两项；D 项中“what”作动词“end”的宾
语，与句意不符，C 项“how”表示方式，符合“电影是关于爱丽丝如何结束红皇后恐怖统治”的语境。故为C。
思路点拨：1. 圈出主句动词（think/tell/know/ask/wonder 等），确定是宾语从句；
2. 看原句是陈述句/一般疑问/特殊疑问，选出引导词；
3. 调整从句为陈述语序（主语在前，动词在后）；
4. 根据主句时态，变换从句动词时态；
5. 检查固定搭配、if/whether 区别、客观真理特例。
【巩固提升】
—Could you please tell me ________?
—It will start at 8:00 this evening.
A. when the concert will start
B. when will the concert start
C. where the concert will be held
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我音乐会什么时候开始吗？——今晚八点开始。
考查宾语从句。根据“It will start at 8:00 this evening.”可知，此处询问时间，应用when 引导宾语从句，排除
C 选项。宾语从句应为陈述语序，排除B 选项。故选A。
知识点二定语从句
一、定语从句的概念：定语从句在主从复合句中起定语作用，修饰主句中的名词或代词，被定语从句修饰
的词叫作先行词，定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代词之后。
二、定语从句引导词：定语从句主要由关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that和关系副词when，where，，
why所引导。它们在意义上代表先行词，同时在定语从句中担任某种成分，但没有疑问的意义。
三、关系代词的用法
1.who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。Whom指人，是宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，在非正式文体、
口语中常可以省去。Whose指人或事物，是所有格，在定语从句中作定语。如，The tall man who is standing
over there is my brother.（who is standing over there是关系代词who引导的定语从句，用以修饰who的先行词
man，who在从句中作主语）
2.that多用来指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指物时的用法与which基本相同，作宾语常
可省略。如，
Who is the man that is speaking at the meeting?（that is speaking at the meeting是关系代词that引导的定语从句，
用以修饰that的先行词man，that在从句中作主语）
【注意】先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that 也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that 不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one 等时，只
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能用that。
There is nothing that I can do for you .
2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little 等词修饰时，只能用that。
This is the very book that I’m looking for .
3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。
This is the first nextbook that I studied in the middle school .
4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain that I have ever seen .
5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。
He told us many interesting things and persons that we had .
3. which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。如，
The assistant showed me the book (which) I wanted to buy.( which I wanted to buy是关系代词which引导的定语
从句，用以修饰which的先行词book，which在从句中作宾语，因此可省略)
四、关系副词的用法
1.where: 先行词是表示地点的名词,在定语从句中作地点状语引导。
如，The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
2.when: 先行词是表示时间的名词,在定语从句中作时间状语.如，
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
如，I am sure (that) she has passed the exam.
She said (that) she would come.
【典例破题1】.I'd like to tell you about the table manners ____you should know when you visit France．
A．which
B．who C．what D．how
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我想跟你讲讲你去法国游玩时需要了解的餐桌礼仪。
先行词为the table manners（指物）；定语从句____you should know 中，关系词作know 的宾语。which 可指
代物、在从句中充当宾语；who 指代人；what 不能引导定语从句；how 为关系副词，只能作状语。故选A。
【典例破题2】.Yesterday，Mr Green went to his hometown and visited the old house ____ he was born in．
A．which
B．where
C．what D．It
【答案】A
【详解】句意：昨天格林先生回到了家乡，参观了他出生的那栋老房子。
先行词为the old house（指物）；定语从句后有介词in，完整逻辑为he was born in the old house，关系词作
介词in 的宾语。which 指代物，可置于介词后作宾语；where 是关系副词，等同于in which，句中已有in，
不可使用；what、it 不能引导定语从句。故选A。
思路点拨：1. 找到空格前名词/代词= 先行词，判断人/物；
2. 把先行词代入后面从句，看缺什么成分；
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3. 缺主/宾→代词；缺状→副词；
4. 核对特殊限制（逗号、介词、不定代词等）；
5. 确认从句谓语单复数。
【巩固提升】
What kind of movies do you prefer?
I prefer the movies ______ me something to think about.
A.which give
B. that gives
C.which gives
D. who gives
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你更喜欢什么类型的电影？——我更喜欢那些能带给我思考空间的电影。先行词the
movies 指物且为复数，可用which 或that 引导定语从句；关系代词指代复数名词作从句主语，谓语动词用
原形give。who 只能指代人，B、C 谓语动词是第三人称单数，主谓不一致，D 关系词和谓语均错误。故选
A。
一、单项选择
1.Roald Dahl was a great children’s writer. Ms Dark past helped him paint a picture ______was different to most
other writers.
A. that
B. who
C. /
D. whom
【答案】A
【详解】句意：罗尔德·达尔是一位伟大的儿童文学作家。达克夫人曾帮他勾勒出一幅不同于大多数其他
作家的画面。先行词a picture 指物，关系词在从句中作主语；that 可指代人或物且能作主语，who、whom
只能指代人，关系代词作从句主语时不可省略。故选A。
2.I like the teacher__________ classes are very interesting and creative.
A. which
B. who
C. what
D. whose
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我喜欢那位课堂有趣又富有创意的老师。先行词the teacher 指人，空后紧跟名词classes，
需要表达“老师的”所属关系；whose 表所属，which 指代物，what 不能引导定语从句，who 仅能作主语或
宾语。故选D。
3.I don’t know the teacher ______ is talking with Miss Wang.
A. what
B. whom
C. which
D. who
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我不认识正在和王老师交谈的那位老师。先行词the teacher 指人，关系词在从句中作主语；
who 指代人且可作主语，what 不能引导定语从句，whom 只能作宾语，which 指代物。故选D。
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4.Sorry, we don’t have the coat ______ you need.
A. what
B. who
C. whom
D. which
【答案】D
【详解】句意：不好意思，我们没有你需要的那件外套。先行词the coat 指物，关系词在从句中作need 的
宾语；which 指代物，who、whom 指代人，what 无法引导定语从句。故选D。
5.—The project is so difficult for your cousin．
—Yes，I am wondering ________．
A. that he will finish it on time
B. whether he can finish it by himself
C. how could I help him out
D. can I do anything necessary for him
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——这个项目对你表弟来说太难了。——是啊，我想知道他能不能独自完成它。宾语从句
必须使用陈述语序，C、D 为疑问语序直接排除；wonder 表示“想知道”，表疑问含义，不能用无疑问含义的
that 引导，whether 表示“是否”符合语境。故选B。
6.—Excuse me, could you tell me ______?
—Sorry. A city map can help you.
A. where the play will be on
B. how I can get to the museum
C. when the bookstore closes
D. if you can lend me your bike
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我怎么去博物馆吗？——抱歉，一张城市地图可以帮到你。答句“城
市地图”用于指路，对应询问出行路线；where 询问地点、when 询问时间、if 询问是否，均和地图指路无关，
how 询问出行方式符合语境。故选B。
7.I wonder ________.
A. if the program Readers is popular
B. how does the program Readers succeed
C. when did the program Readers begin
D. whether is the program Readers popular
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我想知道《朗读者》这个节目是否受欢迎。宾语从句要用陈述语序，B、C、D 均为疑问语
序，只有A 语序正确，if 表示“是否”贴合wonder 的疑问语义。故选A。
8.Father's Day is coming．I'm thinking about ______．
A．What present I gave him
B．where will we have a big meal
C．if I planned a party for him
D．how I will give him a surprise
【答案】D
【详解】句意：父亲节快到了，我正在思考要怎样给他一个惊喜。介词about 后接宾语从句需陈述语序，B
语序错误；父亲节还未到来，动作是将来计划，A、C 为一般过去时时态不符，will 表将来符合语境。故选
D。
9.—Excuse me，I wonder ______．
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—Yes，it's near the bookstore．
A．where we will go for the holiday
B．if there is a lost and found office
C．when she will give me a call
D．how we can go to Hong Kong
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我想知道这里有没有失物招领处。——有的，就在书店旁边。答句Yes 是
对一般疑问的回复，宾语从句用if 引导表“是否”；where、when、how 引导特殊疑问句，无法用Yes/No 作
答。故选B。
10.—Could you please tell me __________？
—Well，I always write e﹣mails to my pen pals．
A．how do you learn Chinese
B．what is your pen pal's hobby
C．what do you do after class
D．how you improve your writing
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你是怎样提升写作水平的吗？——我经常给笔友写邮件。宾语从句使用陈
述语序，A、B、C 均为疑问语序；答句写邮件是提升写作的方式，how 询问方式匹配问答逻辑。故选D。
二、填空完成句子：填入一个适当单词，使句意通顺。
1.— Do you know ______
the exchange students will come to our school?
— Next term.
【答案】when
【详解】句意：——你知道交换生什么时候来我们学校吗？——下学期。答语Next term 是时间，宾语从句
缺少表时间的引导词when。
2.The door bell is ringing, please go and see _______it is.
【答案】who
【详解】句意：门铃响了，去看看是谁。不清楚门外人的身份，宾语从句用who 引导指代人。
3.— Boy, your head teacher has set up a WeChat group. Could you tell me ______I join it?
—OK. I’ll teach you . It’s so easy.
【答案】how
【详解】句意：——孩子，你们班主任建了一个微信群，你能告诉我怎么加入吗？——好的，我教你，很
简单。答句介绍操作方法，用how 表示“如何，怎样”。
4.—I wonder _______ there is a post office near here.
—Yes, it's on Main Street.
【答案】if/whether
【详解】句意：——我想知道这附近是否有邮局。——有的，在主街上。答语用Yes 作答，从句表达“是否”，
if 或whether 均可。
5.I think ________ mooncakes are very delicious.
【答案】that（可省略）
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【详解】句意：我觉得月饼非常好吃。宾语从句是完整陈述句，无疑问含义，用that 连接，that 可省略。
6.—The village _________I visited last year has changed a lot.
—Really?I hope to go there one day.
【答案】that/which（可省略）
【详解】句意：——我去年去过的村庄变化很大。——真的吗？我希望有一天能去那里。先行词the village
指物，关系词在从句中作visited 的宾语，可用that/which，也可省略。
7.This is my beautiful school _______ is near the famous library.
【答案】that
【详解】句意：这是我漂亮的学校，它就在著名图书馆旁边。先行词有the 修饰，关系代词在从句作主语，
只能用that。
8.— Which girl is your sister?
— The girl ______ is wearing dark glasses.
【答案】who/that
【详解】句意：——哪个女孩是你妹妹？——那个戴墨镜的女孩。先行词the girl 指人，关系词在从句作主
语，可用who 或that。
9.The old woman ______ is wearing a pair of glasses ______ Mrs. Black.
【答案】who/that；is
【详解】句意：那位戴着一副眼镜的老妇人是布莱克夫人。第一空先行词the old woman 指人，关系词作从
句主语，用who/that；第二空主句缺少谓语动词，主语为单数，用系动词is。
10.If scientists know ________ the weather was like when the pictures were taken, they can estimate how many
penguins are pictured.
【答案】what
【详解】句意：如果科学家知道拍摄这些照片时的天气情况，他们就能估计出照片中有多少只企鹅。句子
是宾语从句，从句缺少介词like 的宾语，此处应用what 引导宾语从句。故填what。
三、语法填空
When the great composer Robert Schumann first heard a work which 1.________(write) by young Chopin, he said,
“Hats off, gentlemen! A genius!”
Frédéric Chopin (1810–1849) is considered one of the greatest 2._______(music) in history. During his short
lifetime, he was celebrated as one of the world’s 3.________(great) pianists—even though he only gave around 30
concerts! He was also a gifted composer 4._______ left behind more than 200 musical works.
Chopin was born in 5._______ village in Poland. He didn’t attend music school until he was 16, but soon outdid his
teachers. His parents sent him to Vienna in 1829 to 6._______(wide) his musical experience. By 1832, he had made
his way to Paris, the city that he would call home for the rest of his life.
Chopin was not only a great pianist, but also a respected piano teacher. He often told his students 7._______ they
should put all their soul into it and play the way they felt This is advice that is still followed by musicians today.
Polish folk music was a kind of music 8.______ some people looked down on at the time—it was seen as too
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司
simple and common. But it became an important characteristic of Chopin’s music. His use of Polish folk music
caused people to see it as a valuable art form.
His music also helped build a nation 9.______ was divided up by other countries. By using Polish folk music,
Chopin seemed to be saying to the world, “We are our own country with our own culture! We are our own people!”
Chopin’s music encouraged his people and helped them keep going through years of difficulty. Today, the Polish
people 10.______(proud) think of Poland as the country of Chopin.
【答案】1. was written
2. musicians
3. greatest
4. who/that
5. a
6. widen
7. that
8. which/that
9. which/that
10. proudly
【详解】
【导语】本文介绍肖邦的生平、音乐教学理念，讲述波兰民间音乐在其作品中的价值与民族精神意义。
1. 句意：伟大作曲家舒曼初次听到肖邦的作品时赞叹他是天才。先行词work 与write 为被动，全文过去时，
单数搭配was，write 变过去分词written。
2. 句意：肖邦被视作史上最伟大音乐家之一。one of 后接可数名词复数，music 表音乐人变形为musician，
复数musicians。
3. 句意：他被誉为世界顶尖钢琴家之一。固定结构one of the+形容词最高级，great 最高级为greatest。
4. 句意：他是天赋作曲家，留下两百多首乐曲。先行词composer 指人，关系代词who/that 在从句充当主语。
5. 句意：肖邦生于波兰一座小村庄。village 为辅音音素开头单数可数名词，不定冠词a 表泛指。
6. 句意：父母送他去维也纳拓宽音乐阅历。不定式to 后用动词原形，形容词wide 变动词widen，意为拓宽。
7. 句意：他告诉学生要倾注全部灵魂弹奏。动词told 后接陈述句宾语从句，用that 引导，无实义可省略。
8. 句意：当时有人轻视波兰民间音乐。先行词music 指物，关系代词which/that 在从句作look down on 宾语。
9. 句意：他的音乐助力分裂的本国凝聚起来。先行词nation 指物，关系代词which/that 在从句作主语。
10. 句意：如今波兰人自豪地视本国为肖邦之乡。修饰动词think 需用副词，形容词proud 变副词proudly。
