1 / 10
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
第01 讲Unit 1
（知识全梳理&考点精准练）
内容导航
01 预习航标→析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向
02 教材全解→析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构
考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑
例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路
即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容
03 过关检测→练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提
关键词
学习目标导航
学习目标
1. 语言能力目标
话题交流：能围绕“发明”话题进行口语交流，谈论发明物、发明时间及用途（如：When was
the high-speed train invented?
What is it used for? ）。
语法应用：掌握一般过去时的被动语态结构（was/were + 过去分词），能运用被动语态描
述发明物的历史、用途与变化。
听力理解：能听懂关于发明物的对话，提取关键信息（如发明名称、来源、功能细节），
并判断信息正误。
2. 思维与文化目标
能辩证分析发明对人类生活的影响，培养创新思维与批判性思维。
通过了解中外重要发明的历史，感受科技进步的魅力，增强文化自信与创新意识。
激发对发明创造的兴趣，认识到“创新改变生活”的意义。
学习重点
重点语法：一般过去时的被动语态
学习难点
一般过去时被动语态的灵活运用
区分主动语态与被动语态的用法，尤其是主语为动作承受者时，何时用被动语态。正确判
断过去分词的拼写（如invented, made, used 等），以及was/were 与主语的单复数搭配。
2 / 10
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
1.What do you think is the most useful invention of all time, Peter?
你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么？
【详解】invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明，创造→inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家（人）→invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明
物（事物）
【典例】用invent的正确形式填空。
Marconi _______ the radio, and he was a great ________ whose _________ changed the world.
【答案】invented; inventor; invention
【详解】句意：马可尼发明了无线电，他是一位伟大的发明家，他的这项发明改变了世界。第一空作句子谓
语，由后文was可知时态为一般过去时，invent的过去式为invented；第二空形容词great后接名词，此处指人
，意为“发明家”，故填inventor；第三空whose后接名词，此处指发明的物品，故填invention。
【即练】Edison was a great______ (invent), the light bulb______ (invent) by him.It is one of the most useful
______ (invent).
2. Yeah. And because of the radio, some other important inventions were developed as well. 没错。而且得益
于收音机，其他一些重要发明也相继被研发出来。
【详解】1 区分because / because of
because ：连词，引导原因状语从句，+完整句子
He likes radio because it brings news.他喜欢收音机，因为它传递消息。
because of：介词短语，+ 名词/代词/doing。
World became smaller because of the radio. 因为收音机，世界变小了。
【典例】He stayed home _________ the rain.
A. because
B. instead of
C. ahead of
D. because of
【答案】D
【详解】句意：因为下雨，他待在了家里。because 后接完整句子，because of 后接名词/名词短语；instead of
意为代替，ahead of 意为在……前面。the rain 为名词短语，故选D。
【即练】同义句改写
Tom didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill.
= Tom didn’t go to school yesterday____________________
3.
It also had a big effect on music. The radio made it much easier for people to enjoy music from artists
around the world.它也对音乐产生了重大影响。收音机让人们能更便捷地欣赏来自世界各地艺人的音乐。
【详解】1.effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. 影响；效果
have a big effect on + 名词对……有重大影响
3 / 10
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
The Internet has a big effect on our daily life.互联网对我们的日常生活影响很大。
1）have a great influence on
Books have a great influence on kids. 书本对孩子影响深远。
2）make a big difference to
The radio makes a big difference to people's life. 收音机极大改变人们生活。
2.make it + adj. + (for sb. )to do sth 使得(某人)做某事……
it：形式宾语，无实义, to do：真正宾语
Computers make it convenient for us to search information.电脑方便我们查找信息
拓展：1）find it +adj.+for sb to do 发现做某事…
I find it difficult for me to learn physics.
2）think it +adj.+for sb to do 认为做某事…
We think it important for students to read more.
3）feel it +adj.+for sb to do 觉得做某事…
She feels it boring for her to stay at home.
【典例】1.Mobile phones have a big effect ______ people.
A. for
B. in
C. to
D. on
【答案】D
【详解】句意：手机对人们影响很大。固定搭配have an effect on 对……有影响，故选D。
2. Good habits make it possible for you _________( learn) English well.
【答案】to learn
【详解】句意：好习惯能让你学好英语成为可能。固定句型make it possible for sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
成为可能，故填to learn。
【即练1】根据汉语提示完成句子。
有些学生认为学好英语很难，但是如果你找到正确的方法，它将会对你的英语产生很大影响
Some
students
think____________to
learn
English
well,
but
if
you
find
the
right
ways,
it
will
___________________your English.
【即练2】He found ________ difficult to fall sleep.
A. this
B. him
C. it
D. that
4. Hundreds of kinds of dishes can be made by Smart Cook.智能烹饪机能做出数百种菜品。
【详解】hundreds of
数百的；成百上千的（模糊数量，不精确）
辨析：①基数词+ hundred（单数，无s，不加of）：表确切数字
two hundred students 两百名学生
②hundreds of（hundred 加s + of）：笼统数百，模糊数量
hundreds of trees 数百棵树
拓展：thousand/million/billion
4 / 10
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
1）模糊概数（词尾+s + of）
thousands of 数千的，成千上万的，millions of 数百万的，billions of 数十亿的
2）确切数字（不加s、不加of）
three thousand people 三千人，five million stars 五百万颗星星
【典例】_________ books are on the shelf. 架子上有五百本书。
A. Five hundreds
B. Five hundred
C.
Hundred
of
D. Five hundred
of
【答案】B
【详解】句意：架子上有五百本书。hundred 前有具体数字时，用单数形式，不加s 和of；表示模糊数量时，
用hundreds of。five 是具体数字，故选B。
【即练】Every year, _____________ (thousand) of trees are planted in our city.
5.What can the special glasses be used for?这种特制眼镜能用来做什么？
【详解】be used for + 名词/doing sth：被用来做某事（表用途）
Paper is used for writing. 纸被用来书写。
同义短语:be used to do sth
What can the special glasses be used to do?
辨析：used to / be used to doing / be used to do
1) used to do sth 过去常常做…（现在不做了）, to 是不定式符号，后接动词原形
I used to get up early.我过去常常早起（现在不起了）。
2) be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事to 是介词，后接名词/动名词doing
She is used to getting up early.她习惯早起。
3) be used to do sth = be used for doing 被用来做某事（被动，表物品用途）to 不定式，加动词原形
Wood is used to make paper.木头被用来造纸。
【典例】The machine is used for _________(make) noodles.
【答案】making
【详解】句意：这台机器是用来做面条的。固定搭配be used for doing sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，介词for
后接动名词形式，故填making。
【即练】Mike ________ take the bus to school,but now he ________riding to school.
A. is used to, used to
B. is used for, is used to
C. used to, is used to
D. used to, used to
6. It wasn’t supposed to make such a loud noise when the button was pressed to start the machine.按下按钮
启动机器时，本不该发出这么大的噪音。
【详解】suppose /səˈpəʊz/ v. 认为；推断
be supposed to do / be sth 应当做（某事）或是（某物）
You are supposed to arrive on time. 你理应准时到达。
He was supposed to come, but he didn’t. 他本该来，结果没来。
5 / 10
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
【典例】In China, people are supposed_________（shake）hands when they meet for the first time.
【答案】to shake
【详解】句意：在中国，人们第一次见面时应该握手。固定搭配be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”，
故填to shake。
【即练】You aren’t _________(suppose) to smoke here.
7.It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel was found in Eastern Europe.
人们认为世界上最古老的轮子是在东欧被发现的。
【详解】It is believed that…人们认为……；据信……
It（形式主语）+ is believed + that 从句（真正主语）
It is believed that tea was invented in China.人们相信茶叶产自中国。
拓展：1）It is said that… 据说……
It is said that he will leave. 据说他要离开了。
2）It is reported that… 据报道……
It is reported that a new factory will be built.
3）It is known that… 众所周知……
It is known that the earth goes around the sun.
【典例】It is _________ (believe) that the first paper was created by Cai Lun in ancient China.
【答案】believed
【详解】句意：人们认为古代中国的蔡伦发明了第一张纸。固定句型It is believed that... 表示“人们认为/据
说……”，故填believed。
【即练】据说一台新型机器人将于下个月在科技馆展出。
_________________ a new robot will be shown in the science museum next month.
8. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our
modern world.比起其他任何发明，正是它促成了信息的快速传播，而这些信息塑造了现代世界。
【详解】responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 作为原因的；有责任的
be responsible for：引起某事，促成；对……负有责任
1）对……负有责任：
You are responsible for your mistakes. 你要为自己的错误负责。
2）促成、造成、引起（坏事、结果）
Smoking is responsible for many illnesses.吸烟会引发多种疾病。
名词形式：responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/责任；职责
take responsibility for… 为……承担责任
have responsibility for… 负责……
【典例】Heavy rain was _________ the flood.
6 / 10
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
A. thirsty for
B. thankful to
C. surprised at
D. responsible for
【答案】D
【详解】句意：大雨引发了这场洪水。be responsible for 意为“对……负责；是……的原因”；be thirsty for
渴望；be thankful to 感谢；be surprised at 对……感到惊讶。结合句意，故选D。
【即练】He takes ___________(responsible) for the accident.
9. However, it seems that its inventors, Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, were not looking to change the
world at all.
然而，它的发明者奥维尔·莱特与威尔伯·莱特当初似乎压根没想过要改变世界。
【详解】be looking to do sth 打算/力求/设法做某事（侧重谋求、计划做成）
The company is looking to develop new products.这家公司力求研发新产品。
【典例】We are looking _________( cut )costs
【答案】to cut
【详解】句意：我们正力求降低成本。固定搭配be looking to do sth. 力求/打算做某事，故填to cut。
【即练】她打算提升自己的英语水平。She ________________ improve her English
10. A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses.一个微型摄像头被安装在眼镜前端。
The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. 油和盐也由机器自动添加。
Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer.：玩具、椅子、桌子，甚至房屋都可
以由这台3D 打印机制作。
A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901.1901 年，人类首次跨大西洋发
送无线电报文。
【详解】被动语态
用法：主语是动作承受者，动作是谁做的不重要/不知道/不用提。
谓语动词构成：be + 及物动词过去分词
（be 助动词，随时态、人称、数变化）
常用时态被动结构：
1. 一般现在时：am / is / are + done
2. 一般过去时：was / were + done
3. 一般将来时：will be + done
4. 含情态动词：情态动词(can/must/should…) + be + done
【典例】1. —We planted lots of trees on Tree Planting Day.
—That’s quite meaningful. To have a greener world, more trees should ________ every year.
A．plant
B．be planted
C．are planted
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我们在植树节种了很多树。——这很有意义。为了有一个更加绿色的世界，更多的树
应该被种植。考查被动语态。plant 原形；be planted 被动语态；are planted 被动语态。分析语境可知，主语
more trees 和动词plant 之间是被动关系，空格前有情态动词，be 动词用原形。故选B。
7 / 10
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
2.—Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday?
—Well, if I__________, I will go on time.
A. invite
B. will invite
C. am invited
D. will be invited
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——下周日你会去丽莎的乔迁派对吗？——嗯，如果我被邀请，我会准时去的。
考查条件状语从句与被动语态。if 引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用
一般现在时；主语I 与invite 是被动关系，表示“被邀请”，用一般现在时的被动语态am invited。故选C。
3.—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month.
—Wow! Good news.
A. shows
B. has shown
C. is shown
D. was shown
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——我听说景德镇瓷器上个月在巴黎展出了。——哇！好消息。考查动词时态及被动语态。
last month 提示用一般过去时，瓷器被展出，应用被动语态。故选D。
【即练1】Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic________（create）each year, of which about 10 percent
ends up in the sea.
【即练2】My father is too tired. Something should______(do) to keep him relaxed.
【即练3】AI tools ______ （use）in more fields in the future.
一、根据汉语提示，音标或首字母完成单词。
1.—Can you print my homework?
—Sorry, the _________( 打印机)doesn't work.
2.This factory ___________ /prəˈdjuːs/ paper.
3.—Where is your homework?
— It's in this _______(文件夹).
4.—May I use your ___________(电话)?
— Sure.
5.—Where is Tom?
—I s_________ he is at home.
6. One _________( 轮子)of my bike is broken.
7.—Why do people develop this industry?
—It helps improve local ________( 经济)conditions.
8 / 10
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
8. —What is r___________ for the big change?
— The new technology.
9.—Why is the city changing so fast?
—It's because of ________(迅速的) development.
10.My father uses a __________(笔记本电脑）for work.
二、用所给单词适当形式填空。
1. We are looking ___________( improve )our English grades this term
2. My hands are ___________(stick) after eating candy
3. The snack is a clever _________(create) of the chef.
4. This dress isn't ________(suit) for the party.
5.This room is _________(idea)for reading
6. Telephone is one of the most important__________(invent).
7. We are supposed _________( obey )school rules.
8.— Is your dream easy to come true?
—Dreams are different from _______(real).
9.It is ____________(believe) that tea was invented in China.
10.Wood is used _________(make) paper.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1.而且因为于收音机，其他一些重要发明也相继被研发出来。
And ____________ the radio, some other important inventions were developed as well.
2.全世界的人都热爱运动。People _______________like sports.
3.令我惊讶的是，他买了一台新笔记本电脑。_____________, he bought a new laptop.
4.别着急，我稍后再跟你讲这件事。
Don’t worry. I’ll tell you the story_____________.
5.互联网对我们的日常生活影响很大。The Internet_____________ our daily life.
6.这种特制眼镜能用来做什么？What can the special glasses ______________?
7.据报道在我们城镇将要建立一家新工厂。______________that a new factory will be built in our town.
8. 一个微型摄像头被连接在眼镜前端。A mini-camera _____________ the front of the glasses.
9.所有这些事物都依靠一项发明——造纸术。
All of these things ___________ one invention—papermaking.
10.相较于其他所有发明，它让信息得以快速传播，并构筑起了现代世界。
_____________all other inventions, it made information spread quickly and __________ the modern world.
四、阅读填空。
The Qinghai–Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It 1.______ (connect) Xining to Lhasa, a huge distance of
1,956 kilometres, and it is the 2._________(high) railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres above sea level at
Tanggula Pass.
9 / 10
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas 3.______ (need) to solve different problems. In
summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes 4.______ (use) to
keep the ground hard. 5._________, in some places, it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground,
so tunnels had to 6.______ (create) instead. In some other places, bridges 7.______ (build) to keep the railway up
above the ground. These bridges are animal-friendly and 8.______ (allow) animals to pass under the tracks.
As an important and successful project, the railway 9. _________ (increase) tourism and economic development in
the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help 10.______ (improve)
transport in other similar places in the world.
五、单项选择
1. Sharing your feelings with friends often _________ closer friendship。
A. turns into
B. comes to
C. leads
to
D. takes off
2. His family is too poor to _________ the children's education fees.
A. affect
B. pay
C. afford
D. choose
3. We need to __________ to finish homework on time.
A. cheer up
B.speed up
C. wake up
D. make up
4.—Are these books all useful?
5.—________ of them are useful for me.
A. Neither
B. None
C. Nothing
D. Either
6.— How do I turn on the machine?
— ________this button.
A. Press
B. Put
C. Shut
D. Get
6.—How many books are there?
—_________ them.
A.Hundreds of
B. Two hundreds
C. Hundred of
D. Two hundreds of
7. You should use your own shopping bags instead of plastic bags when you go shopping.
A.wooden
B. metal
C. plastic
D. cotton
8.The mini-programme "Clear Plate" is popular among young people. It ______ to help deal with food waste.
A. will design
B. will be designed
C. designs
D. is designed
9.Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days.
A．use
B．used C．are used
D．were used
10.Song Shoulian, the third-generation inheritor (第三代传唱人) of the tune, told reporters that the song
__________ (create) in the 1940s.
A. was created
B. created
C. creates
D. is created
11.Her wonderful performance ___________ (praise) by many people.
A. is praised
B. praised
C. has praised
D. was praised
12.—The robots ______ each other to the finish line.
—How exciting! Our robot is going to win.
10 / 10
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
A. raced
B. were racing
C. race
D. are racing
13.— ______ you ever ______ Dounan Flower Market yet?
—Yes. I went there last year and saw different kinds of flowers.
A. Do; visit
B. Did; visit
C. Have; visited
D. Are; visiting
14.—What's the ________of the box?
— It's square.
A. color
B. size
C. shape
D. price
15.They worked hard so they ________ buy what they wanted and had a little fun.
A. should
B. would
C. must
D. could
