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学科网（北京）股份有限公司
第04 讲Unit 4
（知识全梳理&考点精准练）
内容导航
01 预习航标→析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向
02 教材全解→析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构
考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑
例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路
即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容
03 过关检测→练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提
关键词
学习目标导航
学习目标
1. 熟记各类运动单词，会读会用。
2. 掌握语法主谓一致，动词和主语单复数匹配。
3. 能听懂运动会、体育报道听力，会谈论校运会、奥运会、运动员。
4. 会写小短文，说出体育带来的鼓舞。
5. 了解奥运五环与奥运拼搏、团结精神。
6. 知晓中外不同体育运动，体会体育文化。
7. 懂得体育不只是比赛，更能激励人。
学习重点
1. 运动词汇背诵与运用。
2. 主谓一致基础用法。
3. 围绕运动会、奥运开展听说练习。
4. 理解体育精神，回答核心问题：How does sport inspire us?
学习难点
1. 主谓一致特殊情况（不定代词、就近原则、with连接主语等）。
2. 写作、口语中准确使用主谓一致。
3. 结合事例用英语表达体育带给自己的激励。
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1.When is the last day to sign up for the tryouts? 报名参加选拔赛的截止日期是哪天？
【详解】sign up 报名；登记；参加选拔
①sign up for + 活动/比赛/课程：报名参加某项活动
②sign up to do sth：报名去做某事
I plan to sign up for the relay race tryout this Friday. 我打算这周五报名参加接力赛选拔赛。
【典例】Many students ___________ to be volunteers for the school Sports Day.
A. put up
B. cut up
C. signed up
D. gave up
【答案】C
【详解】句意：许多学生报名成为学校运动会的志愿者。put up 意为张贴、搭建；cut up 意为切碎；sign up
意为报名（过去式signed up）；give up 意为放弃。根据语境此处表达报名，句子为一般过去时，故选C。
【即练】如果你想参加铅球项目，必须在明天之前报名。
If you want to take part in shot-put, you need to ________ ________ before tomorrow.
【答案】sign up
【详解】句意：如果你想参加铅球项目，必须在明天之前报名。固定短语sign up 表示报名；need to 后接动
词原形，因此填sign up。
2. Teng Fei: Ski jumping is at the top of my list. 滕飞：跳台滑雪是我最想看的项目。
Ella: Same here! 艾拉：我也一样！
【详解】same here:我也是；我深有同感；我也一样. 用来附和对方，表达自己和对方有相同的想法、感受、
喜好。相当于Me too. / I feel the same.
A: I love watching figure skating.我喜欢看花滑。
B: Same here!我也是！
【典例】A: I’m looking forward to the opening ceremony.
B: ___________________. It must be wonderful.
A. Same here.
B. Me neither
C. No way
D. My pleasure
【答案】A
【详解】句意：A：我很期待开幕式。B：我也是。它一定很精彩。Same here. 我也是（用于肯定观点附和）；
Me neither 我也不（用于否定句附和）；No way 没门；My pleasure 不客气。此处赞同对方的期待，故选A。
【即练】A: I think relay races are the most exciting sport.
B: Same here.(同义句）=__________________.
3. Li Lei was making up ground on Han Lin.李磊当时正在不断逼近韩林。
【详解】make up ground on sb/sth 追赶、逼近（领先的人/队伍）；缩小差距(=catch up with sb 追上某人）
多用于赛跑、竞赛场景，指落后者不断加速，一点点追近前方对手。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司
The young runner sped up to make up ground on the top athlete. 这名年轻选手加速，一点点追赶上领跑的运动
员。
【典例】别放弃，你还有机会追上对手。
Don’t give up; you still have time to _________________ your competitor.
【答案】make up ground on
【详解】句意：别放弃，你还有机会追上对手。固定短语make up ground on sb. 表示追上、赶超某人；不
定式to 后使用动词原形，故填make up ground on。
【即练】Though he fell down at first, he managed to make up ground on the runner in front.(同义句）
Though he fell down at first, he managed to _________________ the runner in front.
4.I’m always amazed by their strength and technique. 我总是惊叹于他们的力量与技巧。
【详解】1.be amazed by 对……感到惊叹、十分惊讶（侧重被人/事物打动，心生赞叹）
【拓展】amaze v. 使惊奇；amazing adj. 令人惊叹的（修饰事物）；amazed adj. 感到惊奇的（修饰人）；
amazement n. 惊讶
We are amazed by the figure skaters’ perfect moves. 我们被花样滑冰选手完美的动作深深折服。
2.strength /streŋθ/ n. 力量；体力；实力
【拓展】strong adj. 强壮的；strongly adv. 强有力地；strengthen v. 增强，强化
Shot-put sports need great physical strength. 推铅球这项运动需要强大的体能。
【典例】veryone was_________( amaze)by how fast the young runner ran.
【答案】amazed
【详解】句意：所有人都被这位年轻选手飞快的速度震惊了。修饰人everyone 用-ed 形容词amazed（感到
惊讶的）；amazing 用来修饰事物，故填amazed。
【即练】Team __________(strong) helps our class win the relay race.
5.Either Wang Yaming or Adam is a possible choice.王亚明或者亚当，两人中有一人是合适人选。
Neither is really suitable for me.这两者对我来说都不太合适。
Neither winning nor losing is everything in the Olympics. It’s about doing your best.
在奥运会上，输赢并非全部，重在拼尽全力。
【详解】either / either…or… / neither / neither…nor… / both / both…and… 完整讲解
1.either:1）adj./pron.（两者之中）任意一个2）adv. 也（用于否定句末尾）
You can take either baton. 两支接力棒你随便拿一支。
结构：either…or… 要么……要么……；或者……或者……
连接两个主语，就近原则（谓语动词单复数看靠近它的主语）
We can either watch figure skating or ski jumping. 我们可以看花滑，也可以看跳台滑雪。
2.neither ：adj./pron. 两者都不
Neither sport interests me. 两项运动我都不感兴趣。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司
结构：neither…nor… 既不……也不……（连接主语时，就近原则）
Neither Li Ming nor Wang Tao likes shot-put. 李明和王涛都不喜欢铅球。（靠近Wang Tao，谓语三单likes）
拓展1：both：pron./adj. 两者都，后接复数名词，谓语用复数
Both runners are talented. 两名选手都很有天赋。
结构：both…and… ……和……两者都
连接两个主语，谓语永远用复数，无就近原则
Both Ella and Teng Fei love the Winter Olympics.艾拉和滕飞都喜欢冬奥会。
拓展2：就近原则（谓语单复数由离谓语最近的主语决定）适用结构
either…or… / neither…nor… / not only…but also… / There be 句型
Either Wang Yaming or I am going to join the relay team. 要么王亚明，要么我会加入接力队。
Neither Teng Fei nor Ella dislikes figure skating. 滕飞和艾拉都不讨厌花样滑冰。
Not only runners but also the judge knows the race rules.不光选手，裁判也清楚比赛规则。
There are three judges and one champion on the field.赛场上有三名裁判和一名冠军。
【典例1】Either you or he ___________(join) the relay team.
【答案】joins
【详解】句意：要么你，要么他加入接力队。either...or...遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的主语he 是第三人称单
数，一般现在时谓语动词用joins。
【典例2】速度和力量都不是取胜的唯一关键。_________ speed _________ strength is the only key to win.
【答案】Neither; nor
【详解】句意：速度和力量都不是取胜的唯一关键。neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”，符合两者都否
定的语境，连接并列主语。
【即练1】Both kung fu and boxing __________(be) popular among teens.
【即练2】Either the players or the coach_________( know) the handoff rules.
6.My family also watch / watches team sports together.我的家人也会一起观看团体赛事。
（family 表家人个体用watch；表家庭整体用watches）
【详解】family 作主语主谓一致解析
family 是集合名词，分两种含义，谓语单复数完全不同：
1. 表示整个家庭/家族整体（强调整体）→谓语用单数
The family supports his dream of being an athlete. 全家都支持他成为运动员的梦想。
2. 表示家里全体家庭成员（强调一个个的人）→谓语用复数
The family are training for the school Sports Day. 家里几个人正在为校运会训练。
拓展:同类集合名词: class 班级/ team 队伍/ group 小组:
The team wins the relay.（队伍整体，单数）这支队伍赢得了接力赛。
The team are practicing handoffs.（队员们，复数）队员们正在练习接力交接。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司
【典例】This family _________(go)to watch the Winter Olympics every year.
【答案】goes
【详解】family 此处强调整个家庭整体，视为单数，every year 为一般现在时，谓语动词用三单goes。
【即练】My family all _________ (love )figure skating.
7. I watched in wonder as Usain Bolt smiled his way across the finish line, setting a new world record in the
100 metres.我惊叹地看着尤塞恩·博尔特笑着冲过终点线，创下了100 米全新世界纪录。
【详解】in wonder 惊奇地；惊叹地.作方式状语，修饰动词，用来描述人带着惊讶、赞叹的情绪做某事。
All the audience looked in wonder at her perfect figure skating performance. 全场观众惊叹地注视着她完美的
花样滑冰表演。
【典例】—All the visitors looked ________ at the fantastic waterfall falling from the mountain top.
A. in silence
B. in person
C. in trouble
D. in wonder
【答案】D
【详解】句意，所有游客都惊叹地望着从山顶倾泻而下的壮丽瀑布。in silence 安静地；沉默地;in person 亲
自；当面;in trouble 处于困境中;in wonder 惊奇地，惊叹地
结合语境，游客看到壮观瀑布内心满是赞叹，选D。
【即练】我们停下脚步，惊奇地看着手艺人几分钟就剪出精致的剪纸。
We stopped and watched_________ _______
as the craftsman made delicate paper cutouts in just a few minutes.
8. They worked with pride to make sure that people from around the world had a pleasant stay.
他们满怀热忱地服务，确保来自世界各地的宾客都能拥有舒心的行程。
【详解】pride 名词n. ：骄傲；自豪，proud（adj. 形容词）→proudly（adv. 副词）
搭配1. take pride in = be proud of 为……自豪
I take pride in my country. 我为我的祖国自豪。
搭配2. with pride 自豪地；骄傲地（作状语，修饰动词）= proudly（副词）
He spoke with pride.= He spoke proudly. 他自豪地说着。
【典例】_________(proud) goes before a fall .
【答案】Pride
【详解】句意：骄者必败。本句为谚语，空格在句首作主语，需用名词；proud 是形容词，名词形式为pride
（骄傲），句首首字母大写，故填Pride。
【即练】她骄傲地捧着奖牌。She held the medal _______
_______.
一、根据句意和汉语提示完成单词。
1.Our class won first prize in the 4×100-meter __________ (接力赛)at the school Sports Day.
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2.Many nervous students lose confidence right before the sports ___________(选拔赛).
3.The sports ___________( 裁判员) watches every player’s moves carefully to keep the game fair.
4.The school put an _____________(广告) to look for volunteers for the sports meeting.
5.Only through hard training can you have a __________(顺利的)performance in competitions.
6.We will take part in the opening______________(仪式) of the school Sports Day tomorrow.
7.Chinese kung fu is a____________(独一无二的) sport full of traditional culture.
8.The ____________( 口号)of our relay team is “Unity makes strength”.
9.The relay race had a _____________( 戏剧性的，出乎意料的)ending that shocked all the audience.
10.The Olympic Games is a______________( 世界范围的) sports event loved by all ages.
二、用所给单词适当形式填空。
1.The real value of a ___________(compete)
is not winning but making progress little by little.
2.The young __________(run) kept calm and caught up with the leader in the last lap.
3.His ___________(amaze) speed in the relay race amazed all teachers and students.
4.Team ___________(strong)
helps our class win many group sports competitions.
5.I _________(true)believe sports can bring warmth and courage to every young person.
6.I choose ___________(swim) as my daily sport because it won’t hurt my knees.
7.Neither Tom nor Jack _________(pass)the pull-up test so far.
8.This __________(drama) sports story teaches us never give up till the last second.
9.I am__________( deep) moved by the friendship between competitors on the field.
10.Either swimming or skiing __________ （be）my favourite Olympic event.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1.完美交接之后，我们班选手在接力赛中取得领先。
After a perfect handoff, our class runner ________ the______in the relay race.
2.别中途放弃，你还有机会追上对手。
Don’t give up halfway; you still have time to_______ ________ ground on your competitor.
3.他既不害怕失败，也不在意他人的夸奖。
He _________ worries about failure ________ cares about others’ praise.
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4.我打算下周参加学校接力队的选拔。
I plan to_______
_______ for the school relay team next week.
5. 王亚明或者亚当，两人中有一人是合适人选。
Either Wang Yaming _______ Adam _________ a possible choice.
四、阅读填空。
China hosted the Summer Olympics in 2008 and the Winter Olympics in 2022, both of which were
1.__________(success). These sporting events have offered the world a deeper understanding of China and its
people. Athletes, sports fans, and even ordinary citizens from other countries 2. ________ (amaze) by China’s rapid
development, not only in sports but also in various fields.
Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, Chinese government 3._________(pay)consistently
attention to physical education and national health. 4._________ the 2022 Winter Olympics, more than 20% of the
Chinese population 5.__________(active) joined in ice and snow sports. The Olympic motto “Faster, Higher,
Stronger—Together” continues to supply 6.________ positive force to our society.
In addition to competitive sports, mass sports have gained popularity throughout China. Nowadays, one an easily
see people of all 7._________ (age) participating in various outdoor activities such as rope skipping, running,
guangchangwu, 8._________ roller skating. During the winter months, many families go skiing and mountain
hiking to enjoy the fresh air. China is committed to providing greater convenience for people 9.________( join) in
physical activities during 10._________(they)free time. The goal is to have a public park or exercise trails near all
residential communities.
五、阅读理解
Over the past few weeks, I’ve been experiencing a bad fall, largely attributed to my ADHD (多动障碍) drugs
running out. This has made it challenging for me to find the motivation to tackle daily tasks, including regular
exercise.
However, a recent workout led to an epiphany: neglecting physical activity was actually worsening my condition. It
appears that engaging in physical activity could be an effective strategy for managing my ADHD symptoms while I
await a prescription refill.
After a workout, my mind feels quieter, much like when I take my medication. This makes sense as ADHD drugs
increase levels of a brain medical called noradrenaline (去甲肾上腺素), enhancing focus, memory, and impulse
control. Exercise also increases this chemical.
While these insights are promising, I’m not ready to stop my medication. Research on exercise and ADHD has
mixed results. A 2023 review of 106 studies showed exercise significantly improves impulse control, attention, and
task-switching in young people with ADHD. However, its impact on regulating emotions and working memory is
less pronounced, and the benefits are even less for adults. In another study, 10 minutes of exercise improved
impulse control in 82 adults with ADHD but had no effect on other symptoms.
These findings suggest that exercise has a modest effect on ADHD but highlight additional benefits beyond
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司
physical health. The evidence is particularly strong for depression and anxiety. A 2023 review of nearly 300 trials
involving over 15,800 adults found physical activity as effective as talk therapy and medications in reducing
symptoms. The benefit was stronger when combined with these treatments.
Exercise may also alleviate symptoms of other mental health conditions, such as bipolar disorder and
obsessive-compulsive disorder. It appears protective as well. A 2018 study of over 12 million adults found that
those who exercised experienced 43 percent fewer days of poor mental health than those who didn’t. The link was
strongest for team sports, cycling, and aerobic and gym activities.
I’m relieved to have found a strategy for managing my ADHD symptoms without medication. Even though
exercising is the last thing I want to do when overwhelmed, I now realize its importance. The benefits of exercise
for mental health are clear, and I’m committed to making it a priority in my life.
1. What does the underlined part “an epiphany” most likely mean in paragraph 2?
A. A rush resolution or decision.
B. A sense of disappointment.
C. A sudden realization or insight.
D. A moment of great happiness.
2. What role does exercise play according to the research findings presented in the passage?
A. Exercise is a perfect replacement for ADHD medication.
B. Exercise has no effect on mental health conditions other than ADHD.
C. Exercise can complement medication in managing ADHD symptoms.
D. Exercise benefits physical health more than obsessive-compulsive disorder.
3. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards exercise?
A. Reluctant but importance-aware.
B. Casual but focused.
C. Inconsistent but passionate.
D. Negative but disciplined.
4. What can we learn from the experience with exercise and ADHD?
A. Prevention is better than cure.
B. Every cloud has a silver lining.
C. A healthy outside starts from the inside.
D. The body is a temple; The mind is a palace.
