04 形容词和副词
I. 形容词
1.形容词的位置:形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况下后置
修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构
1 nobody absent, everything possible
成的复合不定代词时
以-able, -ible 结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或 the best book available, the only solution
2
only修饰的名词之后 possible
alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep 等作定语时后
3 the only person awake
置
4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long
5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful
6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with
______to take his adventure course will
certainly learn a
lot of useful skills.
enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置,但修
7
A.Brave enough students B.Enough
饰形容词或副词时要后置
brave students
C.Students brave enough D.Students
enough brave
注意:多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序
熟记口诀就可以顺利解题:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用
类别往后靠。
规则:限定语(The、A)+ 描绘性形容词 + size(小)+ shape(形状)+ age(年龄、
时间)+ color(颜色)+ origin(国籍、来源)+ material(材料)+ purpose(目
的)+ 名词。
▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin.
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty
Spanish
2.复合形容词的构成
1 形容词+名词 kind-hearted 名词+形容词 world-famous
6
+ed
2 形容词+形容 dark-blue 名词+现在分 peace-loving
7
词 词
3 形容词+现在 ordinary-looking 名词+过去分 snow-covered
8
分词 词4 副词+现在分 hard-working 数词+名词 three-egged
9
词 +ed
5 副词+过去分 newly-built 1 数词+名词 twenty-year
词 0
3.形容词(短语)作伴随状语
As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead . 当他看着山羊的时候,山羊翻了个身,死了。
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难,他们宁愿走好走的路。
4.由及物动词的现在分词或过去分词转化成的形容词。
分词作表语或定语时,现在分词多表示主语或被修饰词所具有的特征,基本含义是“令人···
的”;过去分词多表示主语或被修饰词所处的状态,基本含义是“感到····的”。常见的该类
形容词有:
exciting令人兴奋的 excited 兴奋的 boring乏味的;令人厌烦的 bored厌烦的
interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointed失望的;沮
丧的
surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised 惊讶的 relaxing令人放松的 relaxed放松的
amusing 令人发笑的 amused 觉得好笑的 confusing 令人困惑的 confused 困惑的
amazing令人惊奇的 amazed惊奇的 worrying令人担忧的 worried 担心的;担忧的
frightening令人害怕的 frightened 受惊的 exhausting令人筋疲力尽的 exhausted 筋疲力尽的
pleasing 令人高兴的 satisfying令人满意的 pleased 高兴的 satisfied满意的
tiring使人疲劳的 embarrassing令人尴尬的 tired疲劳的 embarrassed尴尬的
II.副词的分类:
时间副 soon, now, early, finally, always, often, frequently, seldom,
1 5 频度副词
词 once, recently never
地点副 here, nearby, outside,
2 6 疑问副词 how, where, when, why
词 upwards, above
方式副 hard, well, fast, slowly, how, when, where, why, whether,
3 7 连接副词
词 excitedly, really however, meanwhile
程度副 almost, nearly, very, fairly,
4 8 关系副词 when, where, why
词 quite, rather
形近副词的含义:
英语中,有些副词形式相近,常见的有:
hard努力地;艰难地 hardly 几乎不 late迟;晚 lately最近;近来
near在附近 nearly几乎;差不多 free 免费地 freely 自由地;畅通地close 紧密地 closely严密地;接近地 high在高处;高 highly很;非常;高度地
wide广阔地;充分地 widely广泛地;普遍地 deep深深地;在深处 deeply深刻地;深沉地
III. 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容
词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。
规则变化:
构成 例词
原级 比较级 最高级
单音节的词一般情况 small smaller smallest
下直接加-er和-est
great greater greatest
hard harder hardest
以不发音的 e 结尾的 nice nicer nicest
单音节词加-r和-st
large larger largest
以一个辅音字母结 fat fatter fattest
尾,且前面只有一个
thin thinner thinnest
元音的词,先双写辅
音字母后再加-er 和- hot hotter hottest
est
以“辅音字母+y”结 easy easier easiest
尾的词,先把y变为i
happy happier happiest
再加-er和-est
early earlier earliest
其他双音节和多音节 careful more careful most careful
的形容词或副词都在
popular more popular most popular
前面加more和most
efficiently more efficient most efficiently
不规则变化:
原级 比较级 最高级
good,well better best
bad,ill worse worst
many,much more most
little less least
far farther(指时间或空间上“较 farthest(指时间或空间上
久;较远”) “最久;最远”)
further ( 指 空 间 距 离 “ 较 furthest(指空间距离“最
远”;“在更大程度上”) 远”;“在最大程度上”)项 目 例 句
同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not She is as tall as her mother.
so(as)…as…
I am not as/ so good a player as you are.
双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用 This picture is more beautiful than that one.
“ 比较级 ( + tha n ) ”
I have never seen such a more interesting film (than
的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另 this one).
一方阴藏起来的情况。
表示一方不及另一方时,用 “ less + 原 This room is less beautiful than that one.
级 + than ”的结构表示
表示一方随另一方变化时用“ the The harder you work, the more progress you will make
more…the more…”句型
I have never spent a more worrying day.
用比较级来表达最高级的意思 我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。
(意为:我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。)
表达法一:A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height,
length etc.)of B.
The new building is four times the size(the height)of
the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)/这座新楼比那
座旧楼大(高)三倍。
表达法二:A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high,
long, etc.)as B.
倍数的表达 Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
表达法三:A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher,
longer, etc.)than B.
Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
用 times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用
twice或double.
注意:1. 可以修饰比较级的词有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far,
any, a great deal;
2. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如:favourite, excellent, extreme,
perfect,superior,junior等。
巩固练习:
单句填空1. ____________ (general), giant pandas can breed when they reach 4 to 8 years old.
2.In a deeper sense, the “Lost Generation” were “lost” because they found the conservative morals
and 'social values of their parents to be___________ (relevant) in a post-war world.
3. They are making the space experience ____________(access) to ordinary people.
4. Covering an area of 190,000 square meters, the Cottage is the biggest, best preserved
and__________ (distinctive) relic in memory of Du Fu in China.
5. The news couldn't have come at a ____________(good)time.
6.We get imported fruits, but they are_____________ (expensive) than local fruits.
7.It wasn't until I___________(person) took part in the activity that I understood the real meaning of
it.
8. We've only got a limited number of tickets,so the____________(early) you email us, the more
likely you are to get one.
9.After I won the game,1____________displayed my prize. (proud)
10.1 think that Lily makes the ______________(good)biscuits in the world,so I decides to ask her
for help.语法填空A篇
Yueyang Tower is 1.__________ ancient Chinese tower on the shore of Dongting Lake.It is one
of the Three Great Towers of Jiangnan. Yueyang Tower became famous for Memorial to Yueyang
Tower(《岳阳楼记》)2._______(write) by Fan Zhongyan,who was an excellent statesman of the
Norther Song Dynasty.
3.___________(lie) on the city wall of the west gate of the ancient city in Yueyang City,Hunan
Province,China,Yueyang Tower faces Junshan Island and overlooks Dongting Lake, being extremely
beautiful and 4.____________(impress). Since ancient times,the tower and the lake
5.___________(enjoy) the good reputation that Dongting Lake is one of the 6.__________(good)
lakes, and Yueyang Tower is incomparable among towers. The roof of Yueyang Tower covered with
yellow glazed tiles(黄色琉璃瓦)looks like a general's helmet in ancient China. It is the only
ancient 7._____________(build) with a helmet roof structure (构造)in China.
Before the Tang Dynasty (618-907),Yueyang Tower was mainly used 8.__________ military
purposes.After the Tang Dynasty,it 9._____________(gradual) became a famous scenic spot in
10.__________ men of letters chanted poetry and wrote fu.
语法填空B篇
A little boy was spending his Saturday morning playing in his sandbox.He had with
1.__________ (he)his box of cars and trucks, and a shiny, red plastic shovel. In the process of
creating roads and tunnels in the soft sand, he discovered a large rock in the middle of the sandbox.
With 2.__________(determine),the little boy shoved and pried(撬开),but every time he
thought he 3.___________(make)some progress, the rock tipped and hen fell back into the sandbox.
The little boy continued. But his only reward was to have the rock roll back,4.________(injure)his
hubby(胖乎乎的)fingers.
Finally, he burst 5.__________ tears of frustration.All his time, the boy's father watched from
his living room window as the drama unfolded. At the moment when the boy's tears fell, 6.________
large shadow fell cross him and the sandbox. It was the boy's father.
Gently 7.___________firmly he said,“Son,why didn't ou use all the strength that you had
8._________(avail)?”
Defeated,the boy sobbed,“But I did,Daddy,did! I used all the strength that I
had!”“No,on,"corrected the father 9._________ (kind).“You didn't use all the strength you had. Youdidn't ask me for help."
With that the father reached down, 10.__________(pick) up the rock, and removed it from the
sandbox.
解析:
单句填空
1.Generally 句意为:一般来说,大熊猫在4到8岁时就可以繁殖了。设空处修饰整个句子,
应用副词。句首单词首字母应大写,故填Generally。
2.irrelevant 句意为:从更深层的意义上说,“迷惘的一代”之所以“迷惘”,是因为他们
发现父母的保守道德和社会价值观在战后世界中无关紧要。be动词后面应用形容词作表语,
irrelevant意为“不重要的;无意义的”。故填irrelevant。
3.accessible 句意为:他们正在让普通人能获得太空体验。分析句子结构可知,“make sb./
sth.+adj.”是固定搭配,意为“使某人/某物怎么样”,设空处应用形容词作宾语补足语,
access的形容词形式是accessible。故填accessible。
4.most distinctive 句意为:杜甫草堂占地19万平方米,是中国规模最大、保存最完好、最
具特色的纪念杜甫的遗迹。此处与biggest,best preserved并列,应用形容词最高级作定语,
修饰relic。故填most distinctive。
5.better 句意为:这消息来得不能更是时候了。“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义,设空
处应用形容词比较级better。故填better。
6.more expensive 句意为:我们有进口水果,但它们比当地水果更贵。根据常识以及设空处
后的than可知,此处应用形容词比较级,故填more expensive。
7.personally 句意为:直到我亲自参加这个活动,我才明白它的真正意义。分析句子结构可
知,设空处修饰动词短语 took part in,应用副词,故填personally。
8.earlier 句意为:我们得到的票数量有限,所以你越早给我们发邮件,你就越有可能得到
票。此处为“he+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构,意为“越······,越······”,因此,设空处应
为比较级形式,故填earlier。
9.proudly 句意为:在我赢得这场比赛之后,我骄傲地展示我(所获)的奖品。设空处修饰
主句谓语displayed,应用副词,故填proudly。
10.best 句意为:我认为莉莉做的饼干是世界上最好的,所以我决定向她求助。根据空前的
the和空后的in the world并结合句意可知,此处表示“世界上最好的饼干”,应用最高级,
故填best。A篇语法填空:
1.an 句意为:岳阳楼是中国的一座位于洞庭湖岸边的古塔。此处表泛指,应用不定冠词,
且ancient的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
2.written 句意为:岳阳楼因北宋杰出的政治家范仲淹所著的《岳阳楼记》而闻名。分析句
子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词形式,write与其逻辑主语Memorial to Yueyang Tower之间
为被动关系,故用过去分词written 作后置定语。
3.Lying 句意为:岳阳楼坐落在中国湖南省岳阳市古城西门城墙上,前望君山岛,俯瞰洞庭
湖,非常美丽,令人印象深刻。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词形式,且 lie 与
Yueyang Tower之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故填现在分词Lying。
4.impressive 句意见上一题解析。此处是 and连接的两个形容词并列作 being的表语,应用
形容词形式。故填impressive。
5. have enjoyed/have been enjoying 句意为:自古以来,岳阳楼和洞庭湖就享有“洞庭天下
水,岳阳天下楼”的美誉。根据句中的时间状语Since ancient times和句意可知,此处应为现
在完成时或现在完成进行时,主语是复数概念,且与 enjoy 之间为主动关系,故填 have
enjoyed/have been enjoying。
6.best 句意见上一题解析。根据空前的 one of the和空后的名词 lakes可知,此处应填形容
词good的最高级best。
7.building 句意为:它是中国唯一一座具有盔顶式结构的古建筑。根据空前的定冠词 the和
形容词 ancient 可知,此处应填名词building作表语。
8.for 句意为:在唐朝(618-907)之前,岳阳楼主要用于军事行动。for...purposes 为固定搭
配,意为“用于······目的”,故填for。
9.gradually 句意为:唐代以后,它逐渐成为一个著名景点,文人们在里面吟诗作赋。分析
句子结构可知,此处修饰动词 became,应用副词,故填gradually。
10.which 句意见上一题解析。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词是 a
famous scenic spot,指物,故填关系代词which。
B篇语法填空:
1.him 句意为:他带着一箱小汽车和卡车,还有一把闪闪发光的红色塑料铲子。分析句子结
构可知,此处为have sth.with sb.,因宾语过长而后置,介词with后跟代词宾格。故填him。
2. determination 句意为:小男孩下定决心,又推又撬,但每次他以为自己已经取得了一些
进展时,石头就会倾斜,然后又掉回沙坑里。根据空前的 With 可知,设空处应用名词,determination意为“决心”,为不可数名词。
3.had made 句意见上一题解析。根据语境可知,设空处的动作发生在 thought之前,thought
是过去式,因此设空处应用过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去,故填had made。
4.injuring 句意为:但他得到的唯一回报就是石头滚了回来,弄伤了他胖乎乎的手指。分析
句子成分可知,句中已有谓语动词 was,设空处应用非谓语形式,根据语境可知,此处应用
现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,故填injuring。
5.into 句意为:最后他突然沮丧地哭了起来。burst into tears 是固定用法,意为“突然哭起
来”,故填into。
6.a 句意为:在小男孩的眼泪落下的那一刻,一个巨大的影子落在他和沙坑上。shadow意
为“影子”,是可数名词,此处表泛指,因此其前应用不定冠词,且 large的发音以辅音音素
开头,故填a。
7.but/yet 句意为:他温柔而坚定地说:“儿子,你为什么不用尽你所有可用的力量呢?”
根据语境可知,Gently和firmly意义相反,因此设空处表示转折,故填but/yet。
8.available 句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知,that you had是定语从句,修饰先行词
strength,设空处应用形容词修饰 strength,作后置定语,avail的形容词形式是available,意
为“可用的”,故填available。
9.kindly 句意为:“不,儿子,”父亲和蔼地纠正道,“你没有用尽全力,你没有向我求
助。”设空处修饰动词corrected,应用副词,故填kindly。
10.picked 句意为:随后,父亲伸手捡起那块石头,把它从沙坑里移走了。分析句子结构可知,设空处和
reached down,removed 并列,因此设空处应用过去式,故填picked。