专题 02 形容词和副词
五年(2020-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编(新高考专用)
第一部分:形容词
考点 五年考情分布
2024新课标I卷--closed
2022浙江卷--existing;
考点1动词转化为形容词 2022浙江卷--sighted;
2022新课标I卷--astonished;
2021新课标II卷—excited。
2024新课标I卷—functional;
2023新课标I卷--tasty;
2023新课标II卷--confident;
考点2名词转化为形容词 2023浙江1月卷spacious;
2022新课标II卷--asleep;
2021新课标II卷--harmful;
2020新课标卷--wealthy;
2023浙江1月卷--simpler;
考点3形容词比较级 2021新课标I卷--hotter;
2021浙江1月卷--lower;
一.命题趋向
1.考查动词转化为形容词。
2.考查名词转化为形容词的用法。
3.考查易混形容词的含义、搭配。
4.考查特定语境下使用形容词比较级和最高级。
二.技巧点拨
1.看到与than连用,要想到用形容词比较级;看到形容词的比较级,要想到than。
2.看到语境中暗含的比较含义,要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。
3.在句子中如果是作定语、表语、宾补或表示心理状态的状语,则用形容词。
4.看到and,but,or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式,要想到用比较等级。考点一:考查动词转化为形容词
1.(2024新课标I卷)In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants.
答案:closed
解析:考查形容词。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。空处用于 stays
之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。
2.(2022 浙江卷)Blind people recognize shapes with their ________(exist) senses, in a way similar to that of
sighted people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
答案:existing
解析:考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现有
的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语,修饰sense。故填existing。
3.(2022 浙 江 卷 )Blind people recognize shapes with their existing senses, in a way similar to that of
________(sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
答案: sighted
解析: 考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现有
的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people,表示“能看见的、
不盲的”。故填sighted。
4.(2022新课标I卷)Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ________(astonish).
答案: astonished
解析: 考查形容词。此处说明“us”的状态,所以用astonished。
5.(2021新课标II卷)I was so ________(excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the
company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
答案: excited
解析: 考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,用
v+ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。
考点二:考查名词转化为形容词
6.(2024新课标I卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ________(function)
structure that is also beautiful.
答案: functional
解析:考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词
structure,应用形容词作定语functional,符合题意。故填functional。
7.(2023新课标I卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers,
encasing hot, ________(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
答案:tasty
解析:考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词 soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填
tasty。
8.(2023新课标II卷)Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I
have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ________(confidence) speaking
English.
答案:.confident。
解析:考查形容词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直
在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空处和前文的comfortable并列,
作并列表语,应用形容词形式,confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
9.(2023浙江1月卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ________(space) homes and walled gardens.
答案: spacious
解析:考查形容词。句意:他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填
形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
10.(2022新课标II卷)On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.
They both fell ________(sleep) while watching TV.
答案:asleep
解析:考查形容词。句意:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写形容词作
表语。sleep为动词,意为“睡觉”,其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配,意为“熟睡的”,asleep
符合句意。故填asleep。
11.(2021 新课标 II 卷)I told him how ________(harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to
consider using more eco-friendly options.
答案: harmful
解析:考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为 how引导
的感叹句,how之后接形容词,所以填harmful。
12.(2020 新课标卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, ________(wealth) people travelled and collected plants,
historical objects and works of art.
答案:wealthy
解析:考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词
people,应使用形容词,做定语。故填wealthy。
考点三:考查形容词比较级用法
13.(2023 浙江 1 月卷)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________(simple)in design and decoration,
and the hutongs were narrower.
答案:simpler
解析:考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同
也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故
填simpler。
14.(2021 新 课 标 I 卷 )The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the
________(hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it?答案:hotter
解析:考查形容词。此处相当于“the more..., the more...”结构,意为“越……越……”。前面用的是the
colder,所以此处用the hotter。
15.(2021 浙江 1 月卷)This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including
________(low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
答案:lower
解析:考查形容词比较级。此处and连接三个并列结构,形式应保持一致;由higher与fewer可知,此处
应填low的比较级lower。
第二部分:副词
考点 五年考情分布
2023浙江1月卷--originally;
2023新课标II卷--Basically
2023新课标I卷--rarely
2022新课标I卷--eventually;
考点 形容词转化为副词
2022新课标II卷--accidentally;
2022浙江1月卷—roughly
2021新课标I卷--undoubtedly;
2021浙江1月卷—sharply;
一. 命题趋向
1.考查形容词变副词的规则变化和特殊变化。
2. 考查易混副词用法。
3.考查副词比较级和最高级用法。
二. 技巧点拨
1.看到与than连用,要想到用副词的比较级;看到副词的比较级,要想到than。
2.看到语境中暗含的比较含义,要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。
3.如果修饰整个句子、动词或形容词,则用副词。
4.看到and,but,or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式,要想到用比较等级。
考点:形容词转化为副词
1.(2023浙江 1月卷)The term “hutong”, ________(original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first
during the Yuan Dynasty.答案:originally
解析: 考查副词。句意:胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思,首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词
meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。
2.(2022新课标I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of
giant pandas, and ________(eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
答案:eventually
解析:考查副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野
生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually作状语,修饰动词achieve。故填
eventually。
3.(2022新课标II卷)When he looked down, he ________(accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
答案:accidentally
解析:考查副词。句意:当他往下看时,不小心滑了一跤,从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构,设空处
应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词,意为“意外的,失误的”,其副词为accidentally,意
为“意外地,失误地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。
4.(2021新课标I卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will
________(undoubted) help you get refreshed!
答案: undoubtedly
解析:考查副词。修饰动词help,用副词形式。
5(2021浙江1月卷)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had
narrowed ________(sharp).
答案:sharply
解析:考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词had narrowed,应用副词sharply。
6.(2023新课标II卷)So, what are they learning? ________(basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
答案:Basically
解析:考查副词。句意:基本上,如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后整个句子,应
该用副词修饰,basic的副词形式是basically位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Basically。
7.(2023新课标I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ________(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy,
so I am always left wanting more next time.
答案:rarely
解析:考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次
再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely“少有”,故填rarely。
8.(2022 浙江 1 月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, ________(rough) 200 academics -
many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案:roughly
解析: 考查副词。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200
个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”,故填roughly。