专题03.阅读理解说明文+议论文（解析版）（第一期）_英语(2)_专项复习_2024年_2024届名校区域大联考英语试题精选集锦_资料_1-资料

2024 届名校区域大联考高三英语试题精选集锦（第一期）
专题 03： 阅读理解说明文+议论文
编者按：
遴选全国各地最新区域大联考试题，精心编辑，排版整齐。
1.【江苏省南京市六校联合体2024届高三上学期调研英语试卷】
2.【Z20名校联盟(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟)2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次联考】
3.【广东省七校联合体2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次联考】
4.【湖南天壹名校联盟2024届高三9月大联考英语】
5.【山东省齐鲁名校2023-2024学年高三上学期9月第一次学业质量联合检测】
6.【安徽省江淮名校十校联盟2024届高三第一次大联考】
7.【2024届福建省三明市等5地高三上学期一模英语试题】
8.【重庆市西北狼教育联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题】
9.【湖北省黄冈市2023-2024学年高三上学期9月调研考试】
10.【辽宁省六校2024届高三上学期期初考试英语试卷】
11.【河南省湘豫名校2023-2024学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题】
12.【湖北省宜荆荆恩四地2023-2024学年高三上学期9月联考英语试题】
13.【山西省10所名校教育联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期九月联考英语】
14.【 2024届湖南炎德英才名校高三第一次质量检测】
15.【苏南名校2024届高三9月抽查调研卷】
1.【江苏省南京市六校联合体2024届高三上学期调研英语试卷】The world may have a new supercontinent within 200 million to 300 million years as the Pacific Ocean
shrinks and closes.
Researchers at Curtin University in Australia and Peking University in China used a supercomputer to model
the evolution of Earth's tectonic plates(地质构造板块) and the formation of a future supercontinent. Their findings
were published in the journal National science Review.
“Over the past two billion years, Earth's continents have collided(相撞) together to form a supercontinent
every 600 million years，known as the supercontinent cycle. This means that current continents are due to come
together again in a couple of hundred million years time,” said lead author Dr. Chuan Huang, a research fellow in
Curtin's Earth Dynamics Research Group and the School of Earth and Planetary Sciences. ;
The team's simulation showed that due to the fact that Earth has been cooling for billions of years since its
formation, the thickness and strength of the tectonic plates beneath the oceans have reduced over time. As a result,
the formation of a new supercontinent is more likely to happen by the closing up of the Pacific Ocean. Reducing by
a few centimeters per year, the Pacific Ocean's current reach of 10,000 kilometers will close up in less than 300
million years.
“The resulting new supercontinent has already been named Amasia because some believe that the Pacific
Ocean will close when America collides with Asia. Australia is also expected to play a role in this important Earth
event, first colliding with Asia and then connecting America and Asia once the Pacific Ocean closes,” Huang said.
Changes in the distribution of continents and oceans will cause changes in climates, “particularly when ocean
currents are stopped by continental collision, or new ocean currents are formed when continents break apart,” said
study coauthor Zheng-Xiang Li, distinguished professor in Curtin's School of Earth and Planetary Sciences. “Earth,
as we know, will be completely different when Amasia forms. The sea level is expected to be lower, and the vast
interior of the supercontinent will be very dry with high daily temperature ranges.”
Researchers expect more earthquakes as the continental plates collide. Surrounded by a new super ocean, the
newly formed supercontinent will also have decreased biodiversity.
Scientists are still trying to understand Earth's supercontinent cycle, which is driven by heat and gravity. The
research team wants to establish how Earth's tectonic plates started and when the first continents formed, as well as
what kicked off the supercontinent cycle. “We are only starting to look at the entire Earth system, from its core to
its atmosphere, as a closely linked system that evolved together,” Li said.
28. What leads to the formation of the new supercontinent?
A. The rising temperature of the Earth.B. The expansion of the Pacific Ocean.
C. The reduced strength of the tectonic plates.
D. The appearance of many new tectonic plates.
29. What is believed by some scientists about the new supercontinent?
A. The involving parts. B. Its climate pattern.
C. The way it breaks apart. D. Its distance from Australia.
30. What will probably happen to the newly formed supercontinent?
A. There will be a rise in the sea level.
B. There will be lots of water in its interior.
C. The variety of its living things will be reduced.
D. Its temperature will stay the same all year around.
31. What does the last paragraph mainly want to show?
A. The entire Earth system faces an uncertain future.
B. The origin of the supercontinent cycle is hard to trace.
C. The Earth's supercontinent cycle will pose a big threat.
D. There is more to discover about the supercontinent cycle.
【答案】：28-31 CACD
【解析】：C篇主要推测了未来新的联合大陆形成的原因及其影响。
第28题 C 由第四段第一句的后半句可知，大洋下的构造板块的长度和厚度正在减小，由后面 as a result
可知，是这一事件导致新的联合大陆的形成，
故选C
第29题 A 由第五段可知，一些科学家相信美洲、亚洲和澳洲将组成新的联合大陆，所以科学家相信的
是联合大陆的组成部分，故选A。
第30题 C 由第六段最后一句话可知，海平面下降、内陆干旱、每天温度的变化区间大，所以排除 ABD
项，选C。
第31题 D 由最后一段可知，科学家们仍在探索联合大陆的生消循环，也仍有未知的事物，故选D。
Mark Twain was dismissive of those people who think it is possible for someone to learn how to write a
novel. "A man who is not born with the novel-writing gift has a troublesome time when he tries to build a novel,”
he said. "He has no clear idea of his story. In fact, he has no story."British writer Stephen Fry puts it another way. He says that successful authors are those who know just how
difficult it is to write a book.
These days, however, technology is making the life of an author a little easier. For Michael Green, a US data
scientist-turned-novelist, the need to use technology to simplify and streamline the writing process came when he
was in the middle of writing his first book.
With 500 pages of a complex story written, he recalls that the process became difficult to manage: "I had all
these documents on the deeper aspects of the world I was creating. I was worried about not being able to keep track
of it all. That is when I switched into my more data science-minded approach to solving a complex problem with a
lot of different places."
The end result was that Mr Green created Lynit, a digital platform to help authors plan and weave together the
many elements that form a story, such as the themes, characters and major events." Once the authors get a new idea
that they want to bring into the story, with Lynit they are able to input it into a natural framework," he said, "As
new ideas come in, they change, maybe by creating new nodes (节点) and new relationships."
Once the book has been published, technology is also playing an ever-increasing role in publicity and
connecting with readers. Websites and apps from specialist firms allow authors to participate in live question-and-
answer sessions with their readers.
Michael Green believes technology will become even more important as a new generation of tech-savvy(精通
技术的) writers become more well known. "What I'm finding with Generation Zand even younger writers is that
they are looking for technology to give them guidance," he said. “They see it as a tool to learn and grow with rather
than extra work.”
32. What can we learn from Michael Green's writing experience?
A. It is really difficult to become a writer.
B. Writers can be creative in using technology.
C. Technology can be a helpful tool to writers.
D. Writers need to adopt different writing approaches.
33. What is an advantage of technology according to the text?
A. It can translate thoughts into sentences.
B. It brings authors closer to their readers.
C. It makes it possible for anyone to be a writer.
D. It can inspire authors to produce more good ideas.
34. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. New technology matters to young writers.
B. Young writers rely too heavily on technology.
C. The new generation of writers should be tech-savvy.
D. Tech-savvy writers become known thanks to technology.
35.What is the writer's attitude towards the writing-assistance technology?
A. Critical B. Favorable C. Unconcerned D. doubtful
【答案】：32-35 CBAB
【解析】：D篇介绍了科技对于作家的帮助以及新一代作家对于科技的重要性。
第32题 C 由第四段可知，当他使用了more data science-minded approach后，能有更多空间来解决更复杂
的问题，所以科技对于作家而言是一个有利的工具，故选C。
第33题 B 由倒数第二段可知，书出版后科技帮助在读者与作者之间架起桥梁，便于联系，拉近了双方的
距离，故选B。
第34题 A 由最后一段最后一句可知，新一代作家将科技视作一种写作的工具，所以科技对于他们而言很
重要，但文章并未提到他们过度依赖科技，B项排除，故选A项。
第35题 B 由第三段第一句可知，作者认为科技有助于作者写作，是支持的，故选B。
2.【Z20名校联盟(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟)2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次联考】
C
Consider the possibility that all human technology started with a mistake— or at least a lack of hand-eye
coordination. In a new study published on Friday in Science Advances, Lydia Luncz and Tomos Proffitt, both at the
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, argue that mistakenly created flakes（薄
片） may have been our ancient ancestors' or other now-extinct early human relatives" first step toward creating
the sharp-edged tools that they used to butcher animals and cut edible plants.
To do their research, Luncz and Proffitt traveled to an abandoned oil palm plantation near Thailand's Phang
Nga Bay and collected more than 1, 100 pieces of nut-cracking stones used by a troop of long-tailed macaques
（猕猴）. Macaques crack open oil palm nuts by placing them on a flat stone and striking their shell with another
stone. These monkeys often miss the nut and accidentally break the stones, producing sharp flakes. Luncz and
Proffitt analyzed these stones, which revealed a surprising fact: The flakes that the macaques unintentionally
produced looked a lot like the oldest stone tools that were intentionally made by hominins （古人类）.
Macaques don't use the sharp flakes they create for anything, Luncz adds, noting that the monkeys have sharpteeth and don't need cutting tools. The similar ancient stone tools collected from some of the earliest known sites,
however, show evidence of being used for cutting tasks. For example, in Oldowan, a site dating between 3. 3
million and 1. 5 million years ago, researchers analyzed use-wear patterns on the tools and found that some of the
flakes showed damage along their edges, indicating that they had been used for cutting. Cut marks on some fossils
revealed that hominins had used stone tools for butchering the animals, making it clear that the sharp stone tools
were anything but unintentional by-products of other pounding activities.
Despite the findings, to reveal the mechanism for the emergence of flake technology, researchers still need to
learn how hominins made the leap from accidentally producing sharp flakes to picking them up and using them.
Luncz and Proffitt hope to find the missing link in further studies.
28. What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A. The two researchers went to Thailand and collected 1, 100 flakes.
B. Long-tailed macaques used the flakes to crack open oil palm nuts.
C. Macaques deliberately produced flakes for cutting by breaking stones.
D. The flakes produced by macaques were similar to hominins’ stone tools.
29. Why does the author mention the Oldowan site in paragraph 3?
A. To provide specific proof. B. To clarify a complex concept.
C. To present an interesting fact. D. To make a detailed comparison.
30. What will Luncz and Proffitt probably focus on in their future study?
A. Why macaques create flakes. B. Why hominins used stone tools.
C. How macaques cut food with flakes. D. How hominins began using flakes.
31. What is the best title of the passage?
A. A mistake: the origin of human technology.
B. Flake technology: from macaques to hominins.
C. Pounding activities: on human evolutionary course.
D. A missing link: long-tailed macaques create flakes.
【答案】28-31 DADB
28. D. 【细节理解题】根据文章第二段最后一句＂ The flakes that the macaques unintentionally
produced looked a lot like the oldest stone tools that were intentionally made by hominins”可知，这些
猕猴无意中产生的尖锐薄片，看起来和人类有意识制造的最古老的石器工具很像，故选D。
29. A。 【推理判断题】根据文章第三段第二、三句“在这些早期人类使用的古老石器上，显示了用
于切割任务的证据。例如，在 300 万至 150 万年前的奥尔都瓦遗址，研究人员分析了这些工具的使用磨损形式…. ”可知，事例是为了提供具体证据，故选A。
30. D. 【推理判断题】根据文章最后一段内容可知， “为揭示薄片技术背后的机制，研究者们仍然
需要了解古人类是如何从意外产生锋利的薄片，到捡起并使用它们的。伦茨和普罗菲特希望在接下来的研
究中可以找到缺失的这一环。”故选 D。
31. B。 【标题归纳题】通读全文可知，本篇是一篇说明文，主要讲解了使用石头时意外产生薄片的
猕猴可以告诉我们早期人类使用工具的情况，故选 B。
D
MICROSOFT says it has used the natural language AI ChatGPT, created by the company OpenAI, to control a
range of robots with simple text commands.
The chatbot was trained on a vast amount of data, including source code. It has previously demonstrated the
ability to write software based on text and even to fix errors in existing code. Microsoft has now used the AI to take
text commands from humans and interpret them into code that can control robots directly. In one test, ChatGPT
wrote code to instruct a robotic arm to create a Microsoft logo from wooden blocks. In another, it steered a drone to
reach a point while avoiding obstacles. The research was intended "to see if ChatGPT can think beyond text, and
reason about the physical world to help with robotics tasks".
ChatGPT isn't in direct, real-time control of the robot, but simply creates the code that controls it. Microsoft
said in its blog post that ChatGPT output shouldn't be applied directly to a robot without "careful analysis", but
experts wan that it is risky to even begin thinking about placing AI in control of physical machines.
Mark Coeckelbergh at the University of Vienna, Austria, says that regulations may be needed in order to set
out where AI can be used and who is responsible should things go wrong. "It's a very dangerous thing to just say
"let's give control of these computers to AI', " says Coeckelbergh. "The problem with contemporary artificial
intelligence is that it's not transparent to the user. That's a huge problem. "
Others were sceptical about the ability of language models to program robots for complex tasks. Kathleen
Richardson at De Montfort University Leicester, UK, says that AI language models are convincing mimics （模仿
者）, but that their real ability-including their adaptability to control robots-is often exaggerated. "I think
Microsoft, and most people who design robots, have too much confidence in what they can do, " she says.
32. Which function doesn't belong to ChatGPT according to MICROSOFT?
A. Create code. B. Correct code errors.
C. Write software. D. Control robots directly.
33. What can we infer from paragraph 3?A. Experts agree that we can apply AI to code analysis.
B. Experts warn against the idea of using AI to control robots.
C. Microsoft believes ChatGPT output should be used indirectly.
D. ChatGPT output has been widely applied after careful analysis.
34. What does the underlined word "exaggerated" in the last paragraph mean?
A. Neglected. B. Simplified. C. Overestimated. D. Praised.
35. What is the author's attitude towards the ability of ChatGPT to control robots?
A. Objective. B. Favorable. C. Critical. D. Indifferent.
【答案】32-35 DBCA
32. D. 【细节理解题】根据文章第二段＂It has previously demonstrated the ability to write software
based on text and even to fix errors in existing code. Microsoft has now used the AI to take text
commands from humans and interpret them into code that can control robots directly. ChatGPT 之前已经
展示了基于文本提示编写软件的能力，甚至可以修复现有代码中的错误。微软现在已经使用人工智能来接
收人类的文本命令，并将其解释为可以直接控制机器人的代码”可知，ChatGPT 通过代码间接控制机器人，
故答案为 D。
33. B。【推理判断题】根据文章第三段“微软在其博客文章中表示，在没有‘谨慎分析’的情况下，
不应该将 ChatGPT 输出的代码直接部署到机器人上，但专家警告称，甚至开始考虑让人工智能控制物理
机器都是有风险的。” 可知，专家反对使用人工智能来控制机器人的想法，故答案为B.
34. C。【词义猜测题】根据文章最后一段最后两句“英国莱斯特德蒙特福特大学的凯瑟琳·理查森说，
人工智能语言模型是令人信服的模仿者，但它们的真实能力——包括控制机器人的可用性－—往往被夸大
了。她说：“我认为微软和大多数设计机器人的人，都过于相信这些机器人能做的事情＇。”可知，答案
为C。
35. A. 【态度判断题】通读全文，作者介绍了微软官方对于ChatGPT操控机器人的言论，客观引用了
各界观点，并未发表个人想法，故答案为A。
3.【广东省七校联合体2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次联考】
C
People trained to detect lies often rely on multiple signs, such as eye contact, length of responses and the
details in what people say, but studies have shown that assessing a wide range of behavioural information can make
it harder to decide if someone is lying. Bruno Verschuere at the University of Amsterdam and his colleagueswondered whether solely focusing on the detail of statements could provide more consistent results.
To test this idea, researchers asked 44 students to go for a walk or steal from a mock (模仿的) crime. Students
were instructed to lie if they committed the fake theft.
Next, the researchers recruited 171 people to watch six truthful and six deceptive (欺骗的) interviews from
these recordings, ranking interviewees’ eye contact and detail level. The results revealed that both truth-tellers and
liars averted (转移) their gaze a similar amount, but truthful statements were substantially more detailed than
deceptive ones, suggesting the latter is a more useful way to tell that someone is lying.
The researchers then asked 405 people to judge the true nature of six truthful and six deceptive statements
randomly chosen from the interviews. Around half of the participants used multiple cues to identify liars. The
remaining participants solely ranked the level of detail in answers on a scale of 1 to 10, with1 a 6 or above counting
as truthful. Those using multiple cues distinguished lies from the truth 59% of the time, while those relying solely
on detail achieved 66%.
“Our take is that using just one cue can provide a simpler way to judge lies from the truth,” says Verschuere.
Nevertheless, in the real world, you would probably need to confirm the accuracy of statements through extra
further investigations or follow-up questions, he says.
8. Bruno Verschuere and his colleagues conducted the research to confirm that ________.
A. behavioral information played a vital role in finding out the truth
B. people should be trained to detect lies by referring to multiple cues
C. truthtellers and liars shared something in common when performing the task
D. it’s relatively easier to identify liars by relying only on the detail of statements
9. What can we learn from paragraph 3 and 4?
A. Liars turned away their eyes more often than truth-tellers.
B. Truthful statements included considerably more details than deceptive ones.
C. It’s difficult for participants to detect liars by using multiple cues like eye contact.
D. Participants who relied on one cue can distinguish lies from the truth faultlessly.
10. What did Verschuere think of the real-life application of his research?
A. It had some limitations. B. It made no sense.
C. It could be perfectly applied. D. It had no potential market.
11. What’s the purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce readers to the classification of lies.
B. To encourage readers to apply the results in real life.C. To warn readers of psychological harm of telling a lie.
D. To inform readers of scientific findings on detecting liars.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了评估范围广泛的行为信息会让判断一个人是否在撒谎变得更加
困难。阿姆斯特丹大学的Bruno Verschuere和他的同事们进行了一项研究以证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别
说谎者是相对容易的，研究表明，仅仅使用一个线索就可以提供一种更简单的方法来根据事实判断谎言。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“but studies have shown that assessing a wide range of behavioural information can
make it harder to decide if someone is lying. Bruno Verschuere at the University of Amsterdam and his colleagues
wondered whether solely focusing on the detail of statements could provide more consistent results.(但研究表明，
评估范围广泛的行为信息会让判断一个人是否在撒谎变得更加困难。阿姆斯特丹大学的 Bruno Verschuere
和他的同事们想知道，仅仅关注发言的细节是否能够提供更加一致的结果。)”可知，Bruno Verschuere和
他的同事们进行这项研究是想证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别说谎者是相对容易的，故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The results revealed that both truth-tellers and liars averted (转移) their gaze a
similar amount, but truthful statements were substantially more detailed than deceptive ones, suggesting the latter is
a more useful way to tell that someone is lying.( 结果显示，说实话的人和说谎的人转移视线的次数相似，但
是真实的陈述比欺骗性的陈述更加详细，这表明真实陈述是一种更有用的方式来判断一个人是否在说
谎。)”可知，真实的陈述比欺骗性的陈述包含更多的细节。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Our take is that using just one cue can provide a simpler way to judge lies
from the truth,” says Verschuere. Nevertheless, in the real world, you would probably need to confirm the accuracy
of statements through extra further investigations or follow-up questions, he says.(然而，在现实世界中，你可能
需要通过额外的进一步调查或后续问题来确认陈述的准确性，他说。)”可推知，Verschuere认为他的研究
应用于现实生活中会有一些局限性。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“People trained to detect lies often rely on multiple signs, such as eye
contact, length of responses and the details in what people say, but studies have shown that assessing a wide range
of behavioural information can make it harder to decide if someone is lying. Bruno Verschuere at the University ofAmsterdam and his colleagues wondered whether solely focusing on the detail of statements could provide more
consistent results.(受过识别谎言训练的人通常依赖于多种信号，比如眼神接触、反应时间长短以及人们说
话的细节，但研究表明，评估范围广泛的行为信息会让判断一个人是否在撒谎变得更加困难。阿姆斯特丹
大学的Bruno Verschuere 和他的同事们想知道，仅仅关注发言的细节是否能够提供更加一致的结果。)”和
最后一段中““Our take is that using just one cue can provide a simpler way to judge lies from the truth,” says
Verschuere. (Verschuere说:“我们的看法是，仅仅使用一个线索就可以提供一种更简单的方法来根据事实
判断谎言。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了评估范围广泛的行为信息会让判断一个人是否在撒谎变得更加困难。
阿姆斯特丹大学的Bruno Verschuere和他的同事们进行了一项研究以证实只依靠陈述的细节来识别说谎者
是相对容易的，研究表明，仅仅使用一个线索就可以提供一种更简单的方法来根据事实判断谎言。由此可
推知，文章的主要目的是告知读者关于识别说谎者的科学发现。故选D。
D
In the animal kingdom, mimics (模仿) are not rare. Stick insects pretend to be twigs. Hawk moth caterpillars
resemble poisonous snakes. The examples, though, are visual. Auditory mimicry is rarer. Danilo Russo of the
University of Naples Federico II thinks he has found a novel case of it, as he describes in Current Biology. Some
bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that might otherwise eat them.
Dr. Russo first noticed bat buzzing a few years ago. The noise struck him as similar to the sound of some bees.
He wondered whether bat buzzing was a form of mimicry which helped to scare off would-be predators.
To test this idea, he and his colleagues first recorded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with
protective clothing, they began the more dangerous task of recording the buzzing made by different bees. Computer
analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar.
Then the researchers recruited several owls. They put the owls, one at a time, in an enclosure with branches
for them to stay on, and two boxes with holes in them. They placed a loudspeaker alongside one of the boxes and,
after the birds had settled in, broadcast through it five seconds of uninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amount of
insect buzzing three times in a row for each noise. As a control, they broadcast in like manner several non-buzzing
sounds made by bats.
During the broadcasts and for five minutes thereafter, they videoed the owls. After analysis, the results were
unequivocal. When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as far from the speakers
as they could. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer.
Dr. Russo believes this is the first reported case of a mammal using auditory mimicry to scare away a predator.They strongly suspect, however, that it is not unique. Anecdotes suggest several birds also make buzzing noises
when their nests are disturbed. And with the result of the experiment, he therefore predicts that auditory mimicry is
far more widespread than currently realized.
12. What was Dr. Russo’s assumption of the study?
A. Bats imitate the voice of angry bees to frighten away enemies.
B. The buzzing of bats is similar to the sound of some bees.
C. Auditory mimicry is rather common in the animal kingdom.
D. Only some bats have the capacity of auditory mimicry.
13. How did Dr. Russo test his idea?
A. By consulting experts in this field. B. By referring to other scholars’ analysis.
C. By collecting computer data. D. By conducting series of scientific experiments.
14. What does the underlined word “unequivocal” in paragraph 5 possibly mean?
A. Disappointing. B. Controversial. C. Definite. D. Uncertain.
15. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. A New Trick to Scare Away Owls B. Animal Mimicry: Buzz off
C. A Self-protection Behavior among Animals D. Bats: No More Victim to Owls
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Danilo Russo认为蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂的声音来吓走敌人，为
了验证这一想法，他进行了一系列实验。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that might
otherwise eat them. (他认为，有些蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂是为了吓跑可能会吃掉它们的猫头鹰)”可知，Russo
博士对这项研究的假设是蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂的声音来吓走敌人。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“To test this idea, he and his colleagues first recorded the buzzing that captured bats
made. Then, with protective clothing, they began the more dangerous task of recording the buzzing made by
different bees. Computer analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar. (为了验证这个想法
他和他的同事们首先记录了捕捉到的蝙蝠发出的嗡嗡声。然后，穿上防护服，他们开始了更危险的任务
——记录不同蜜蜂发出的嗡嗡声。计算机分析显示，蜜蜂和蝙蝠的嗡嗡声确实相似)”可知，罗素博士通过
进行一系列的科学实验检验他的想法。故选D。【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as
far from the speakers as they could. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer.”
可知，经过分析，他们得出的结果是：当猫头鹰同时听到蝙蝠的嗡嗡声和蜜蜂的嗡嗡声时，它们就尽可能
地远离扬声器。相比之下，当播放没有嗡嗡声的蝙蝠声音时，它们会爬得更近，说明结果十分明确清楚。
故划线词意思是“明确的”。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Danilo Russo of the University of Naples Federico II thinks he has found a novel case
of it, as he describes in Current Biology. Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that
might otherwise eat them. (那不勒斯费德里科二世大学的Danilo Russo认为他发现了一个新的例子，他在
《当代生物学》中描述了这一点。他认为，有些蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂是为了吓跑可能会吃掉它们的猫头
鹰)”结合文章主要说明了Danilo Russo认为蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂的声音来吓走敌人，为了验证这一想法，
他进行了一系列实验。可知，B选项“动物模仿：让捕食者走开”最符合文章标题。故选B。
4.【湖南天壹名校联盟2024届高三9月大联考英语】
C
For 85 years, the Harvard Study of Adult Development has tracked an original group of 724 men and more
than 1,300 of their male and female descendants (后代) over three generations, asking thousands of questions and
taking hundreds of measurements to find out what really keeps people healthy and happy.
Through all the years of studying these lives, one crucial factor stands out for the consistency and power of its
bond to physical health, mental health and longevity: good relationships.
In 2008, researchers telephoned the wives and husbands of Harvard Study couples in their 80s every night for
eight nights. Researchers spoke to each partner separately and asked them a series of questions about their days.
On days when these men and women spent more time in the company of others, they were happier. Like most
older people, those in the Harvard Study experienced day-to-day rises and falls in their levels of physical pain and
health difficulties. But researchers found that the people who were in more satisfying relationships were cushioned
(缓冲) somewhat from these ups and downs of mood—their happiness did not decline as much on the days when
they had more pain. Simply put, their happy marriages seemed to have a protective effect.
Elizabeth Gillespie, a therapist of couples, stated that although most of us found that our experience of
relationships might be hard, and at times, impossible, it is essential to our well-being.Today we live in much more complicated environments, so meeting our social needs presents different
challenges. We might be sitting on a gold mine of vitality that we are not paying attention to, because it is hidden
by the shiny appeal of smartphones or pushed to the side by work demands.
8. What’s the purpose of the Harvard Study of Adult Development?
A. To study their lives over three generations.
B. To reveal the secret to health and well-being.
C. To track the descendants of an original group.
D. To study the relationship between health and happiness.
9. How did the researchers carry out the study?
A. By working with other researchers.
B. By tracking specific groups of people.
C. By helping participants with social difficulties.
D. By comparing the results from different people.
10. Why did the author mention the examples in Paragraph 4?
A. To provide evidence for the bond of health and longevity.
B. To introduce the concept of physical pain and health difficulties.
C. To show the negative impact of unhappy marriages on older people’s mood.
D. To support the positive impact of satisfying relationships on people’s lives.
11. According to Elizabeth Gillespie, what is essential to our well-being?
A. Having good social connections.
B. Declining pains and difficulties.
C. Overcoming ups and downs of mood.
D. Experiencing rises and falls of physical health.
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文通过对哈佛大学成人发展研究的项目的阐述说明了友好的社交关系对幸
福至关重要。
【详解】1. 推理判断题。由第一段“For 85 years, the Harvard Study of Adult Development has tracked an
original group of 724 men and more than 1,300 of their male and female descendants (后代) over three generations,
asking thousands of questions and taking hundreds of measurements to find out what really keeps people healthy
and happy.(85年来，哈佛大学成人发展研究追踪了一个由724名男性及其1300多名男性和女性后代组成的原始群体，历时三代，提出了数千个问题，并进行了数百次测量，以找出真正让人们保持健康和快乐的因
素。)”可知，哈佛大学成人发展研究的目的是揭示健康和幸福的秘密。故选 B。
2.细节理解题。由第三段“In 2008,researchers telephoned the wives and husbands of Harvard Study couples in
their 80s every night for eight nights. Researchers spoke to each partner separately and asked them a series of
questions about their days.(2008年，研究人员连续八晚每晚给哈佛大学研究中 8的0多岁夫妇的妻子和丈夫打
电话。研究人员分别与每对伴侣交谈，并问了他们一系列关于日常生活的问题)”可知，研究者通过追踪特
定群体来实施研究。故选 B。
3. 推理判断题。由第二段“Through all the years of studying these lives, one crucial factor stands out for the
consistency and power of its bond to physical health, mental health and longevity: good relationships.(通过多年来
对这些生活的研究，有一个关键因素突出了它与身体健康、心理健康和寿命之间的一致性和力量：良好的
人际关系。)”；第三自然段提及研究及研究对象“couples in their 80s(80多岁的夫妇)”、研究过程及研究
方法，第四段讲研究过程中的发现。第四段“But researchers found that the people who were in more
satisfying relationships were cushioned (缓冲) somewhat from these ups and downs of mood—their happiness did
not decline as much on the days when they had more pain. Simply put, their happy marriages seemed to have a
protective effect.(但研究人员发现，那些处于更令人满意的关系中的人在一定程度上缓解了情绪的起伏——
他们的幸福感在经历更多痛苦的日子里并没有下降那么多。简单地说，他们幸福的婚姻似乎起到了保护作
用。)”可知通过具体的例子，使读者可以更加直观地理解这个研究结果，并且更容易接受这个结论的可信
度。即为了支持令人满意的关系对人们生活的积极影响。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。由第五段“... although most of us found that our experience of relationships might be hard, and
at times, impossible, it is essential to our well-being(虽然我们大多数人发现我们的人际关系经历可能很难，有
时甚至是不可能的，但它对我们的幸福至关重要)”可知，Elizabeth Gillespie 认为 experience of
relationships(关系体验)即拥有好的社交关系对幸福至关重要。故此选 A。
D
It’s a reality that food production, biodiversity and carbon storage in ecosystems are competing for the same
land. As humans demand more food, so more forests are cleared, and farms become less pleasant to many wild
animals and plants. Therefore, global conservation will fail unless it addresses the issue of food production.
Fortunately, some new technologies are being developed that make a system-wide revolution in food
production possible. According to recent research, this transformation could meet increased global food demands
by a growing human population on less than 20% of the world’s existing farmland.Around four-fifths of the land is used to produce meat and dairy. Global meat consumption has increased by
more than 50% in the past 20 years. Producing all that extra meat will mean either changing even more land into
farms, or cramming even more cows, chickens and pigs into existing land. Neither option is good for biodiversity.
Unless food production is tackled head-on, we are left with no hope of long-term success. We need to tackle
the cause of biodiversity change. The principal global approach to climate change is to focus on the cause and
minimize greenhouse gas emissions, not to manufacture (制造) billions of parasols (遮阳伞). The same is required
for biodiversity.
Luckily, lab-grown food provides an alternative. The process involves growing animal products from real
animal cells, rather than growing actual animals. Animal cruelty would be eliminated and, with no need for cows
wandering around in fields, the factory would take up far less space to produce the same amount of meat or milk.
,
Other emerging technologies include microbial protein production where bacteria use energy derived (来自)
from solar panels to change carbon dioxide and other nutrients into carbohydrates and proteins. This could generate
as much protein as soybeans but in just 7% of the area.
It is even possible to generate sugars through extracting CO, from the atmosphere, all without ever passing
through a living plant or animal. The resulting sugars are chemically the same as those derived from plants but
would be generated in a tiny fraction of the area required by conventional crops.
12. What plays a key role in global conservation?
A. Carbon storage. B. Food production.
C. New technology. D. Existing farmland.
13. What does the underlined word “cramming” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Producing. B. Transforming. C. Packing. D. Dividing.
14. What is the principal global approach to biodiversity change?
A. Focusing on the cause of it. B. Developing new technologies.
C. Manufacturing billions of parasols. D. Minimizing greenhouse gas emissions.
15. What is the main idea of Paragraph 5 to Paragraph 7?
A. New technologies make lessening farmland possible.
B. Generating sugars requires a tiny fraction of the area.
C. Lab-grown food helps to produce more meat and milk.
D. New technologies have resolved the issue of food production.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. A
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是正在开发的一些新技术使粮食生产的全系统革命成为可能。根
据最近的研究，这种转变可以在不到世界现有农田20%的情况下满足不断增长的人口对全球粮食的需求。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段“Therefore, global conservation will fail unless it addresses the issue of food production.
(因此，除非解决粮食生产问题，否则全球保护将失败。)”可知，在全球保护中起着关键作用的是粮食生
产。故选B。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Around four-fifths of the land is used to produce meat and dairy. Global meat
consumption has increased by more than 50% in the past 20 years. Producing all that extra meat will mean either
changing even more land into farms, or cramming even more cows, chickens and pigs into existing land. Neither
option is good for biodiversity.(大约五分之四的土地用于生产肉类和奶制品。在过去 20年中，全球肉类消费
量增长了50%以上。生产所有这些额外的肉类意味着要么将更多的土地改为农场，要么将更多奶牛、鸡和
猪cramming进现有的土地。这两种选择都不利于生物多样性。)”可知，句子表示“把更多的牛、鸡和猪
塞进现有的土地”，划线词cramming表示“塞进，挤满”，和C选项Packing意思相近，故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段的“ We need to tackle the cause of biodiversity change. The principal global approach to
climate change is to focus on the cause and minimize greenhouse gas emissions, not to manufacture (制造) billions
of parasols (遮阳伞). The same is required for biodiversity.(我们需要解决生物多样性变化的原因。全球应对气
候变化的主要方法是关注原因并最大限度地减少温室气体排放，而不是制造数十亿把阳伞。生物多样性也
是如此。)”可知，我们要从根源上解决生物多样性的变化，故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段的“Luckily, lab-grown food provides an alternative. The process involves growing
animal products from real animal cells, rather than growing actual animals. Animal cruelty would be eliminated
and, with no need for cows wandering around in fields, the factory would take up far less space to produce the same
amount of meat or milk.(幸运的是，实验室种植的食物提供了另一种选择。这个过程包括从真正的动物细胞
中培育动物产品，而不是培育真正的动物。虐待动物的行为将被消除，而且由于不需要奶牛在田野里游荡，
工厂将占用更少的空间来生产同样数量的肉或牛奶。)”，第六段的“Other emerging technologies include
microbial protein production, where bacteria use energy derived (来自) from solar panels to change carbon dioxide
and other nutrients into carbohydrates and proteins. This could generate as much protein as soybeans but in just 7%
of the area.(其他新兴技术包括微生物蛋白质生产，细菌利用太阳能电池板产生的能量将二氧化碳和其他营养物质转化为碳水化合物和蛋白质。它可以产生和大豆一样多的蛋白质，但只占 7%的面积。)”和最后一
段的“The resulting sugars are chemically the same as those derived from plants but would be generated in a tiny
fraction of the area required by conventional crops.(由此产生的糖在化学上与从植物中提取的糖相同，但只需
传统作物所需面积的一小部分就能产生。)”可知，第五到七段介绍的几个新兴技术都能减少土地的使用，
因此第五到七段的主要内容是A选项“New technologies make lessening farmland possible.(新技术使减少耕
地成为可能。)”。故选A。
5.【山东省齐鲁名校2023-2024学年高三上学期9月第一次学业质量联合检测】
C
You’re passed over for a job. Your back aches. Faced with difficulties large and small,you wonder if you’re an
unlucky person. We turned to experts to understand why we believe in luck and how we can have that belief to
make changes in our attitude towards life.
Richard Wiseman, a psychology professor, doesn’t believe there’s anything magical about luck — it won’t
help you or hurt you. “On the other hand, considering yourself lucky or unlucky is a way of seeing yourself, which
has an impact on how you behave and how you think, and becomes a self-fulfilling anticipation,” he says. “So, in a
sense, it absolutely does exist.”
The sociology lecturer Vik Loveday interviewed academic employees who were on temporary contracts, an
uncertain situation that caused anxiety. In general, when one of these academics learned about good news
concerning their careers, such as getting a permanent job, they would attribute it to luck. Because they felt they had
so little control,a move in a positive direction happened almost by accident, rather than as the result of hard work.
In a 2021 study, Professor Woolley has looked at this idea in children and adulthood. For example, basketball
player Michael Jordan would wear his college practice shorts under his National Basketball Association uniform for
good luck. “Obviously, it’s that the superstitious (迷信的) custom gives him confidence and then he plays better,”
Woolley says.
Is it possible to change your attitude towards luck to get better outcomes? Wiseman believes some steps can
improve your luck. He has found “lucky people not only maximize opportunities and know where they’re heading,
but often they change course depending on how the wind is going”. Lucky people can also transform bad
experiences to good. Specifically, you can shift your focus towards the positive by keeping a “luck diary”. Also
don’t be a creature of habit. Watch a different TV program, speak to different people — even small shifts can be
effective.
8. What does Wiseman say about luck in paragraph 2?A. It might be wise to try one’s luck.
B. Luck is a magical force to control us.
C. The belief in luck influences our behavior.
D. People’s well-being is determined by luck.
9. What is the example of Jordan’s lucky shorts used for?
A. Confirming Loveday’s study.
B. Showing luck exists in real life.
C. Disapproving Woolley’s research.
D. Comparing different lucks in sports.
10. How can we improve our luck according to the last paragraph?
A. Getting into a routine. B. Sticking to a goal firmly.
C. Setting down terrible things. D. Making changes flexibly.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Less Anxiety, More Luck
B. Good or Bad Luck? Up to You
C. One Can Stay Lucky Through Life
D. Genius — the Mother of Good Luck
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕三位专家有关“幸运”的研究，论述我们为什么会相信运气，
以及我们如何凭借这种信念改变我们对生活的态度。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的““On the other hand, considering yourself lucky or unlucky is a way of seeing
yourself, which has an impact on how you behave and how you think, and becomes a self-fulfilling anticipation,”
he says.(“另一方面，认为自己幸运或不幸是一种看待自己的方式，这会影响你的行为和思维方式，并成
为一种自我实现的预期，”他说)”可知，相信运气会影响我们的行为。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“For example, basketball player Michael Jordan would wear his college practice
shorts under his National Basketball Association uniform for good luck. “Obviously, it’s that the superstitious (迷信
的) custom gives him confidence and then he plays better,” Woolley says.(例如，篮球运动员迈克尔•乔丹会在他
的国家篮球协会队服下穿他的大学训练短裤，以求好运。很明显，是迷信的习俗给了他信心，然后他打得更好，”伍利说)”可推知，作者提及篮球运动员迈克尔•乔丹的幸运短裤，表明“好运”是如何实现好的
结果，展示“好运”在现实生活中是存在的。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He has found “lucky people not only maximize opportunities and know where
they’re heading, but often they change course depending on how the wind is going”.(他发现，“幸运的人不仅能
最大限度地利用机会，知道自己的方向，而且经常会根据风向改变方向”)”可知，灵活改变会收获更多的
好运。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文并根据第一段“We turned to experts to understand why we believe in luck and how we
can have that belief to make changes in our attitude towards life.(我们求助于专家，以了解我们为什么相信运气，
以及我们如何凭借这种信念来改变我们对生活的态度)”可知，文章主要讲述了三位专家帮助我们理解为什
么要相信运气，以及我们如何凭借这种信念改变我们对生活的态度。由此可知，B. Good or Bad Luck? Up
to You“好运还是坏运气？由你决定”适合作为文章标题。故选B。
D
The steam engine, electric lighting, refrigeration. If you’re wondering what these things have in common,
they’re examples of transformative technologies that lifted worker productivity. Does generative AI belong on that
list?
Hardly a day passes without some news of the great things that so-called large language models (LLMs) can
do — from writing academic papers to designing buildings — along with projections on how many jobs will be
wiped out as companies figure out ways to apply the new technology. But economists are divided on whether the
likes of OpenAI’s ChatGPT or Google’s Bard have the potential to jump-start productivity growth worldwide.
Researchers in a consulting firm project AI will deliver $4.4 trillion in economic benefits annually to the
global economy, equal to 4.4% of global output in 2022 Harvard professor Neeley likens the birth of generative AI
to the arrival of the Internet. “It is exactly that moment we are facing again — that vital moment that forever
changes how we work, how we interact with one another, how we think, how we produce. We are at that moment
again.”
There are plenty of reasons to be skeptical, though. Robert Gordon, a professor at Northwestern University
and author of The Rise and Fall of American Growth, argues that the Internet and AI haven’t been as revolutionary
as what economists call general-purpose technologies, such as electricity.
Worries about AI replacing workers have been at the center of a labor dispute in Hollywood writers and actors.A survey by Microsoft found that 49% of the people say they’re worried AI will replace their jobs.
On the flip side, blue collar workers could benefit. “It won’t change blue-collar work, but it will change who
can get out of blue collar work and get into better jobs,” an economic historian at Cornell University says. “We are
living through one of those turning points in human history.”
12. Why does the author mention OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’s Bard?
A. To introduce a debate. B. To define a concept.
C. To make a prediction. D. To explain a technology.
13. What does the underlined word “likens” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Contributes. B. Attaches. C. Compares. D. Changes.
14. What can we know about Robert Gordon?
A. He is in favor of AI. B. He acts as an electricity professor.
C. He is an economist and author. D. He suspects AI’s revolutionary role.
15. What does the economic historian think about blue collar work in the AI-era?
A. Doubtful. B. Promising. C. Fascinating. D. Worrying.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人工智能对整个社会的影响，并介绍了几位研究人员对人工智能
的不同看法。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“But economists are divided on whether the likes of OpenAI’s ChatGPT or Google’s
Bard have the potential to jump-start productivity growth worldwide.(但对于OpenAI的ChatGPT或谷歌的Bard
是否有潜力推动全球生产率增长，经济学家们存在分歧)”可推知，作者在本段提及ChatGPT和Bard是为
了引出人工智能是否具有变革性作用的争论。故选A项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据后文“It is exactly that moment we are facing again — that vital moment that forever changes
how we work, how we interact with one another, how we think, how we produce. We are at that moment again.(这
正是我们再次面临的关键时刻，这个关键时刻将永远改变我们的工作方式、我们与他人的互动方式、我们
的思考方式、我们的生产方式。我们又回到了那个时刻)”可知，此处所说的回到那个时刻，是指前文提到
的互联网出现的时刻，所以慈湖Neeley教授将生成式人工智能的出现比作互联网的出现。故划线词与
Compares意义相近。故选C项。
【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Robert Gordon, a professor at Northwestern University and author of The Rise and
Fall of American Growth, argues that the Internet and AI haven’t been as revolutionary as what economists call
general-purpose technologies, such as electricity.(西北大学(Northwestern University)教授、《美国经济增长的
兴衰》(The Rise and Fall of American Growth)一书的作者罗伯特·戈登(Robert Gordon)认为，互联网和人工智
能并不像经济学家所说的通用技术那样具有革命性，比如电力)”可知，Robert Gordon教授不相信人工智
能会起到革命性作用。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It won’t change blue-collar work, but it will change who can get out of blue-collar
work and get into better jobs(它不会改变蓝领工作，但会改变谁能摆脱蓝领工作，找到更好的工作)”可推知，
康奈尔大学的一位经济历史学家认为人工智能时代的蓝领工作是有前途的。故选B项。
6.【安徽省江淮名校十校联盟2024届高三第一次大联考】
Decisions in life are rarely black and white but usually involve shades of gray. At dinner time, the decision you
face is not between fasting and eating like a pig, but whether to take that extra spoonful of food. When exams are
around the corner, your decision is not between quitting them and studying 24 hours a day, but whether to spend an
extra hour reviewing your notes. Economists use the term “marginal changes” to describe minor adjustments to
an existing plan of action.
In many situations, people make the best decisions by thinking at the margin. Margin means “edge”, so
marginal changes are adjustments around the edges of what you are doing. Suppose, for instance, that you ask a
friend for advice about how many years to stay in school. If he compares the lifestyle of a person with a Ph. D. to
that of a grade school dropout, you might complain that this comparison is not helpful for your decision. You have
some education already and most likely are deciding whether to spend an extra year or two in school. To make this
decision, you need to know the additional benefits that an extra year in school would offer (higher salaries
throughout life and the pure joy of learning) and the additional costs that you would pay (tuition and the forgone
salaries while you are in school). By comparing these marginal benefits and marginal costs, you can evaluate
whether the extra year is worthwhile.
Individuals and firms can make better decisions by thinking at the margin. A rational decision-maker takes
action if and only if the marginal benefit of the action exceeds the marginal cost.
28. What does “fasting” underlined in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Eating or drinking a lot. B. Eating little or no food.C. Eating on a regular basis. D. Eating without appetite.
29. Why does the author give an example in Paragraph 2?
A. To explain marginal thinking. B. To solve real-life problems.
C. To evaluate marginal thinking. D. To encourage adjustments.
30. What can we infer from the text?
A. It is unnecessary to make minor adjustments to plans.
B. Comparison makes little sense in decision-making.
C. People often weigh up benefits and costs of decisions.
D. Marginal changes are controversial among individuals.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Marginal Thinking Leads to Better Decisions
B. Marginal Benefit Goes beyond Marginal Cost
C. Rational Thinkers Exist in All Aspects of Life
D. Pleasure Results from Effective Comparison
28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A
主题语境：人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通——边际思维在日常生活中的运用。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了边际思维的定义和功能，举例说明了边际思维的意义，即它
能帮助人们在日常工作、学习和生活中作出更合理的决定。
28. B【命题意图】考查考生根据上下文线索推测词义的能力。
【解题思路】本题问及第一段中画线词“fasting”的含义。本题需结合本段的大意（生活中的各种抉择）
进行推断。“…not between fasting and eating like a pig, but whether to take that extra spoonful of
food”和“...your decision is not between quitting them and studying 24 hours a day...”，可推断出
fasting 在此处与eating like a pig意思相反。故选B。
29. A【命题意图】考查考生抓住语篇中的关键细节并进行推理的能力。
【解题思路】本题问及第二段举例的H的。根据第二段中“Margin means ‘edge’, so marginal changes
are adjustments around the edges of what you are doing.”可知，举例是为了解释说明边际变化及边际思
维。故选A。
30. C【命题意图】考查考生从语篇中提取主要信息、推断语篇中的隐含意义的能力。
【解题思路】本题问及人们对边际思维的运用。根据文章第二段中“By comparing these marginal benefits
and marginal costs, you can evaluate…”和最后一段“A rational decision-maker takes action if and only
if the marginal benefit of the action exceeds the marginal cost.”可知，人们常常会权衡利弊，从而作出更优的选择。故选C。
31. A【命题意图】考查考生根据语篇的主题、内容和结构分析概括语篇标题的能力。
【解题思路】本题问及这篇文章的最佳标题。解题关键在于把握文章的主旨和结构：第一段举例说明生活
中的边际变化；第二段介绍边际思维的定义及功能；第三段阐述边际思维在实际生活中的应用和意义。结
合文章最后一段“Individuals and firms can make better decisions by thinking at the margin.”故选A。
After waking up, you may feel frustrated that you cannot recall the dreams you had last night. Artificial
Intelligence (AI) may be able to help.
Previously, there have been AI models that can turn texts into images. They do this by learning from a large
amount of data from both texts and images. This time, researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an
AI system called Stable Diffusion to recreate images directly based on people's brain scans, Science magazine
reported.
The researchers used an online data set provided by the University of Minnesota, which consisted of brain
scans from four participants as they each viewed a set of 10, 000 photos. The scans were recorded by functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The AI then learned about the participants' brain activities by analyzing
changes in blood flow shown by the fMRI data—when a part of the brain is activated, more blood will flow to it. It
then matched the brain activity with the photos. Through this method, the AI learned how human brains would
react when seeing different photos. Finally, the researchers tested the AI on additional brain scans from the same
participants when they viewed photos of objects.
If the person looked at an airplane, for example, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of
a very blurry (模糊的) airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text-to-image” model and improve the
quality of the image by feeding itself the keyword “airplane”. The final images were “convincing” to about 80
percent accuracy, according to the researchers.
The new study created a novel approach that combines texts and images to “decode the brain”. According to
Ariel Goldstein from Princeton University, in the future, the technology can be used to record imagined thoughts
and dreams or allow people to understand how differently other animals perceive (感知) reality.
32. What is Stable Diffusion meant to do?
A. Scan people's brains. B. Turn texts into images.
C. Use brain scans to rebuild images. D. Record relevant experimental data.
33. How did the AI learn about the participants' brain activities?
A. By analyzing changes in blood flow. B. By asking the participants questions.C. By comparing different brain scans. D. By referring to previous AI models.
34. What can we learn from the text?
A. Dreams can hardly be forgotten by us. B. Texts and images help decode the brain.
C. People's brains are affected by fMRI. D. The AI creates clear images of objects at first.
35. What does Ariel Goldstein say about the technology?
A. It has been adopted in many countries. B. Its development is far from satisfactory.
C. It is lacking in convincing evidence. D. Its application has a great prospect.
32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D
主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术——人工智能再现梦境。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。科学家利用人工智能Stable Diffusion和fMRI技术，对脑神经信号进行
解
码，帮助人们重现梦境、想象或记忆画面。
32. C【命题意图】考查考生抓住语篇中的关键细节的能力。
【解题思路】本题问及第二段关于Stable Diffusion的具体信息。根据第二段“…to recreate images
directly based on people’s brain scans”可知，Stable Diffusion的功能为直接基于人脑扫描重建图像。故选
C。
33. A【命题意图】考查考生抓住语篇中的关键细节的能力。
【解题思路】本题问及AI了解实验参与者大脑活动的途径和方法。根据第三段“…by analyzing changes
in blood flow shown by the fMRI data”可知，通过分析实验参与者血液流动变化，AI可了解其大脑活动。
故选A。
34. B【命题意图】考查考生辨别并推论语篇中隐含观点的能力。
【解题思路】本题问及最后一段破译大脑的新方法。根据最后一段“a novel approach that combines texts
and images to ‘decode the brain’”可知，该项新研究创造了一种结合文本和图像来破译大脑的新方法。故
选B。
35. D【命题意图】考查考生辨别并推论语篇中隐含观点的能力。
【解题思路】本题问及 Ariel Goldstein 对该技术的看法。根据文章最后一段“…in the future, the
technology can be used to record imagined thoughts and dreams or allow people to understand how differently
other animals perceive (感知) reality”可知，Ariel Goldstein认为这项技术将来可应用于记录幻想和梦境，
或是帮助人们了解其他动物对现实感知的差异，因此该技术具有极大的应用前景。故选D。
7.【2024届福建省三明市等5地高三上学期一模英语试题】时，把它们放在冰箱的后面，把即将过期的食物放在靠近前面的地方。)”可知，作者建议根据食物的保质
期小心放置食物。故选B项。
C
A robot created at Standford University is diving down to shipwrecks (沉船) in a way that humans can’t do.
Known as OceanOneK, the robot allows its operators to feel like they’re underwater explorers, too.
OceanOneK resembles (像) a human diver from the front, with arms, hands and eyes that capture the
underwater world in full color. The back of the robot has computers and eight multidirectional thrusters (推进器)
that help it carefully explore the sites of fragile shipwrecks. When an operator at the ocean’s surface uses controls
to direct OceanOneK, the robot’s touch-based feedback system causes the person to feel the water’s resistance.
The idea for OceanOneK came from a desire to study coral reefs in the Red Sea at depths beyond the normal
range for divers. While OccanOneK was designed to reach maximum depths of 656 feet, researchers had a new
goal:1 kilometer, hence the new name for OceanOneK. The researchers changed the robot’s body by using special
foam to increase buoyancy (浮力) and fight the pressures of 1, 000 meters more than 100 times what humans
experience at sea level. OceanOneK also got two new types of hands and increased arm and head motion.
During OceanOneK’s deep dive in February, team members discovered the robot couldn’t rise when they
stopped for a thruster check. Flotations on the communications and power line had collapsed, causing the line to
pile on the top of the robot.
OceanOneK’s descent was a success. It dropped off a memorial marker on the seabed that reads, “A robot’s
first touch of the deep seafloor — A vast new world for humans to explore.” Khatib, a professor, called the
experience an “incredible journey.” “This is the first time that a robot has been capable of going to such a depth,
interacting with the environment, and permitting the human operator to feel that environment,” he said.
8. What can we learn about OceanOneK?
A. Its eyes are colorful.
B. It functions automatically.
C. It looks like its operator from the front.
D. It is remotely controlled to explore underwater.
9. How does the author develop the third paragraph?
A. By listing data. B. By raising questions.
C. By reasoning and analyzing. D. By presenting an argument.
10. What does the underlined words “descent” mean in the last paragraph?
A. Successful operation. B. Deep diving.C. Pressure resistance. D. Flexible exploration.
11. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. A Creative Explorer B. The Ambitious Exploration
C. A Self-driven Seeker — A Robot D. A Deep-Sea Explorer — OceanOneK
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一款深海探测机器人OceanOneK。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Known as OceanOneK, the robot allows its operators to feel like they’re
underwater explorers, too.(该机器人被称为OceanOneK，它让操作员感觉自己也是水下探险家)”，第二段
“OceanOneK resembles (像) a human diver from the front, with arms, hands and eyes that capture the underwater
world in full color.(OceanOneK从正面看就像一个人类潜水员，手臂、手和眼睛捕捉到了全彩色的水下世
界)”及“When an operator at the ocean’s surface uses controls to direct OceanOneK, the robot’s touch-based
feedback system causes the person to feel the water’s resistance.(当操作员在海面上使用控制装置来指挥
OceanOneK时，机器人基于触摸的反馈系统会使人感受到水的阻力)”可知，OceanOneK是被人远程控制
的，可以在水下探险。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While OccanOneK was designed to reach maximum depths of 656 feet,
researchers had a new goal: 1 kilometer, hence the new name for OceanOneK. The researchers changed the robot’s
body by using special foam to increase buoyancy and fight the pressures of 1, 000 meters more than 100 times what
humans experience at sea level.(虽然OccanOneK的设计最大深度为656英尺，但研究人员有了一个新的目标：
1公里，因此OceanOneK有了新名称。研究人员通过使用特殊的泡沫来改变机器人的身体，以增加浮力，
并对抗1000米的压力，这是人类在海平面上所承受的压力的 100多倍)”可知，文章第三段通过列数据来
开展。故选A项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线词后文“It dropped off a memorial marker on the seabed that reads, “A
robot’s first touch of the deep seafloor — A vast new world for humans to explore.” Khatib, a professor, called the
experience an “incredible journey.” “This is the first time that a robot has been capable of going to such a depth,
interacting with the environment, and permitting the human operator to feel that environment,” he said.(它在海床
上留下了一块纪念碑，上面写着：“机器人第一次触摸深海——一个供人类探索的广阔新世界。”哈提卜教授称这次经历是一次“不可思议的旅程”。他说：“这是机器人第一次能够到达这样的深度，与环境互
动，并让人类操作员感受到那种环境。”)”可知，机器人OceanOneK成功潜入深海，descent与Deep
diving“深潜”意思接近。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A robot created at Standford University is diving down to shipwrecks in a way
that humans can’t do. Known as OceanOneK, the robot allows its operators to feel like they’re underwater
explorers, too.(斯坦福大学发明的一个机器人能以人类无法做到的方式潜入沉船。这个被称为 OceanOneK
的机器人让它的操作员也感觉自己是水下探险家)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了一款能进行深海探险的机
器人OceanOneK。A Deep-Sea Explorer — OceanOneK“深海探险家——OceanOneK”作为最佳标题，符合
题意。故选D项。
D
Marilu Arce loves her job, but for a time she considered leaving. The traffic-plagued commute from her home
to her office, nearly two hours each way, meant her daughters couldn’t enroll in after school activities because she
couldn’t get home in time to take them.
Then her employer adopted a policy permitting her to work from home two days a week, and “I feel like it
changed my life,” she said. Her stress level has dropped. Her daughters are thrilled. She likes her job more. That’s
the type of reaction Arce’s boss likes to hear as the company measures the success of the work-from-home policy
which was instituted three years ago in hopes of improving employee retention. So far, it seems to be working:
turnover was less than five percent last year—its lowest ever.
Flexible work policies top employee wish lists when they look for a job, and employers increasingly have
been offering them. Studies have shown working remotely increases employee engagement, but in moderation
because there is still value in the relationships nurtured when colleagues are face to face. The key, advocates of
flexible work policies say, is to match the environment with the type of work that needs to be done.
The flexibility hasn’t hurt productivity, which is up 50 percent. There is “something lost” when colleagues
don’t gather at the water cooler, but it’s outweighed by the retention and happiness gains, he said. As jobs that
require physical work decline, thanks to technological advances, life superficially appears to get better. Consumers
benefit in the form of cheaper prices. Labor-saving appliances all make things easier and suggest that even more
and better benefits are on the horizon. But is something lost?
Talk long enough to the most accomplished academics, they will brag about a long-ago college summer job
waiting tables or repairing hiking trails. They might praise the installer who redid their kitchen. There seems to be ahuman instinct to want to do physical work. The proliferation of hard-work reality-television programming reflects
this apparent need. Indeed, the more we have become immobile and urbanized, the more we tune in to watch reality
television’s truckers, loggers, farmers, drillers and rail engineers. In a society that supposedly despises menial jobs,
the television ratings for such programmes suggest that lots of Americans enjoy watching people of action, who
work with their hands.
Physical work, in its eleventh hour within a rapidly changing Western culture, still intrigues us in part because
it remains the foundation for 21st century complexity. Before any of us can teach, write or speculate, we must first
have food, shelter and safety. And for a bit longer, that will require some people to cut grapes and nail two-by-sixes.
No apps or 3D printers exist to produce brown rice. Physical labour also promotes human versatility: Those who do
not do it, or who do not know how to do it, become divorced from—and, at the same time, dependent on—
labourers. Lawyers, accountants and journalists living in houses with yards and driving cars to work thus count on a
supporting infrastructure of electricians, landscapers and mechanics. In that context, physical labour can provide
independence, at least in a limited sense of not being entirely reliant on a host of hired workers.
12. The author mentions the example of Arce to show that________.
A. she dislikes the present job for the long commuting time
B. she is having trouble balancing work and school life
C. people usually don’t work hard outside office
D. employers are facing the problem of staff drain
13. The practice of flexible working time is based on the belief that________.
A. it helps to increase job satisfaction for the employees
B. it improves harmonious relationship among colleagues
C. the decline in physical work gives employees more mobility
D. employees are entitled to request it according to their work
14. What is the possible reason for the popularity of hard-work reality-television programmes?
A. They entertain those employees burned out with overwork.
B. People can learn some basic labour skills from these programmes.
C. There’s an ongoing need for physical labour skills that technology doesn’t possess.
D. They offer instructive information for both employers and employees.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. The Emergence of Alternative Work Arrangements
B. The Rise of Automation, the Decline in Need for LabourC. Time to Rethink in the Face of the Evolution of Work
D. New Challenges for Today’s Employers and Academics
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。灵活的工作制度和技术的发展带来了便利，减少了人们的体力劳动，但体力
劳动对人们也有重大意义。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一、二段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“That’s the type of reaction Arce’s boss likes to
hear as the company measures the success of the work-from-home policy which was instituted three years ago in
hopes of improving employee retention.(这是Arce的老板在公司评估在家工作政策是否成功时喜欢听到的反
应。该政策是三年前制定的，旨在提高员工的留任率)”可知，Arce虽然喜欢自己的工作，但由于交通问
题想要辞职，老板允许她在家工作后，她更加喜欢这个工作了，这也是老板喜闻乐见的，因为这种政策留
住了员工，由此可推测出，列举Arce的例子是为了说明雇主们面临着员工流失的问题。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Flexible work policies top employee wish lists when they look for a job, and
employers increasingly have been offering them.(灵活的工作政策是员工求职时的首要愿望，雇主越来越多地
提供这些政策)”可知，员工求职时的首要愿望就是灵活的工作政策，由此可推测，实施灵活工作可以帮助
增加员工的工作满意度。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“There seems to be a human instinct to want to do physical work. The
proliferation of hard-work reality-television programming reflects this apparent need.(人类似乎有一种想做体力
劳动的本能。辛勤工作的真人秀节目的激增反映了这种明显的需求)”可知，辛勤工作的真人秀受到欢迎反
映了人类进行体力劳动的需求。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，前三段借用Marilu Arce的例子讲述了灵活工作政策带来的好处，第四段结尾
用问句“But is something lost?(但是有什么东西失去了吗？)”进行转折，接下来讲述了人们离不开体力劳
动的原因。由此可推测出，本文围绕灵活工作政策减少体力劳动展开，讲述了其带来的好处以及并不适用
于所有情况，C项“面对工作的演变，是时候反思了”最能反映本文主题。故选C。
8.【重庆市西北狼教育联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题】A new study found people growing up in rural areas have better navigation (导航) skills than those raised in
cities and that people whose home cities have grid layouts (网格布局) are slightly better at navigating similarly
organised streets, despite having poorer performance overall.
The study involved nearly 4,000,000 participants from 38 countries who played Sea Hero Quest (SHQ), a
game requiring them to navigate a boat in a virtual environment to find the places marked on a map. The
researchers found that where people grew up influenced their performance in the game, while their present living
place did not affect their scores.
The researchers compared the home cities of the participants by analysing the “lack-of-order” state of the
street networks, to measure the complexity of the layouts. People whose hometown’s street layouts were more
ordered like New York were worse at playing SHQ. Those from cities with less ordered street layouts like Prague
performed only slightly worse than those from rural areas. To test if people from cities could more effectively find
the right direction in environments similar to where they grew up, the researchers developed a city-themed version
of SHQ, called CHQ, requiring participants to drive down the streets in a virtual environment from simple grids to
more winding street layouts. People growing up in cities with grid layouts were slightly better at navigating in
similar environments, although the difference was not as significant as their performance in SHQ.
The SHQ project was designed to aid Alzheimer’s research. Professor Michael Hornberger said, “Lack of
spatial (空间的) navigation is a key Alzheimer’s symptom in the early stages of the disease. We are seeking to use
the knowledge learned from SHQ to develop better disease monitoring tools.” Dr Susan Kohlhaas also said,
“Thanks to the amazing response, we have been able to collect data from over four million players. If we’re to
understand Alzheimer’s, it’s vital that we have participation from as many people as possible with diverse
backgrounds and experiences.”
32. What is the finding of the study?
A. Street patterns in games are vital to one’s performance.
B. People raised in cities have a good sense of direction.
C. Growing up in rural areas improves navigation skills.
D. One’s present living place affects their navigation skills.
33. What did the participants do in the game?
A. They drew their own maps of places in a virtual environment.
B. They carried out a task of finding the marked place.
C. They marked some places on a map to navigate a boat.
D. They played games against each other to mark the map.
34. What can be inferred about SHQ from Paragraph 3?
A. It’s harder than CHQ for those from cities.
B. Researchers developed it based on CHQ.
C. It evaluates navigation skills better than CHQ.
D. Players from New York did better than those from Prague.
35. Why does Dr Susan Kohlhaas acknowledge the project?A. It helps Alzheimer’s patients play SHQ.
B. It helps people gain navigation skills.
C. It helps get a better knowledge of Alzheimer’s.
D. It helps spot Alzheimer’s at an early stage.
32-35 CBAC
本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，在乡村长大的人比在城市长大的人有更好的空间导航能力，
而尽管在城市长大的人空间导航能力总体上略差，但如果他们的城市是网格布局，他们在类似有序的街道
中导航能力会相对有所改善。
32. C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study found people growing up in rural areas have better
navigation (导航) skills than those raised in cities”可知，在乡村长大会提高人的空间导航能力。故选C。
33. B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study involved nearly 4,000,000 participants from 38 countries who
played Sea Hero Quest (SHQ), a game requiring them to navigate a boat in a virtual environment to find the
places marked on a map.”可知，参与者要完成找到地图标记地点的任务。故选B。
34. A 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，出生在属于网络布局城市的人玩CHQ时有可能表现略好于其他
参与者，但在玩SHQ时表现最差。由此可知相比于CHQ，SHQ对来自城市的人来说更难。故选A。
35. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thanks to the amazing response ... If we’re to understand Alzheimer’s,
it’s vital that we have participation from as many people as possible with diverse backgrounds and
experiences.”可知，Dr Susan Kohlhaas认可SHQ项目是因为它提供了大量的数据，能帮助研究者更好地
了解阿尔茨海默病。故选C。
9.【湖北省黄冈市2023-2024学年高三上学期9月调研考试】
C
One of the most curious features of the modern world is the manner in which design has been widely
transformed into something meaningless. But I want to argue design should be the crucial block on which the
human environment is shaped and constructed for the betterment and delight of all.
Not surprisingly, in the absence of widespread agreement about its significance and value, much confusion
surrounds design practice. In some subject areas, authors can assume common ground with readers. Other subject
areas can be so difficult that ho such mutual understanding exists.
,
Design sits uncomfortably between these two extremes. As a word it is common enough but it is full of
disharmony, has innumerable manifestations (表现), and lacks boundaries that give clarity and definition. As a
practice, design generates vast quantities of material, much of it ephemeral, only a small proportion of which hassustained quality.
So how can design be understood in a meaningful sense? Design is one of the basic characteristics of what it is
to be human, and an essential determinant of the quality of human life. If things are a necessary part of our
existence, why are they often done so badly? There is no simple answer. Cost factors are sometimes advanced, but
the remove between doing something well or badly can be exceedingly small, and cost factors can in fact be
reduced by appropriate design inputs.
This book is based on a belief that design matters profoundly to us all in innumerable ways and represents an
area of huge, underutilized potential in life. It sets out to explore some reasons why this is so and to suggest some
possibilities of change. The intention is to extend the range of what is understood by the term, and examine the
depth of design practice as it affects everyday life in a diversity of cultures.
28. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A. The causes of confusion. B. The significance of design.
C. The differences in subjects. D. The common ground in people.
29. What does the underlined word “ephemeral” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Meaningful. B. Enormous. C. Short-lived. D. Hard-wearing.
30. What do we know about design?
A. Design is just about arts or trends.
B. Cost factors account for inadequate design.
C. The author argues that design is meaningless .
D. Very few are incapable of improvement by proper design.
31. What is the book aimed at?
A. Reducing design inputs. B. Persisting in meaningful design practices.
C. Denying previous conception of design. D. Clarifying the confusion surrounding design.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对设计的正确解读和如何追求更好的设计。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Not surprisingly, in the absence of widespread agreement about its significance and
value, much confusion surrounds design practice. In some subject areas, authors can assume common ground with
readers. Other subject areas can be so difficult that ho such mutual understanding exists.(毫不奇怪，在缺乏对其
意义和价值的广泛认同的情况下，围绕着设计实践的许多困惑。在某些主题领域，作者可以假定与读者有共同点。其他学科领域可能非常困难，不存在这样的相互理解)”可知，文章第二段主要讲的是困惑的原因。
故选A。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“only a small proportion of which has sustained quality (只有一小部分具有持久
的质量)”可推知，划线词“ephemeral”的意思是“短暂存在的”，作为一种实践，设计产生了大量的材
料，其中大部分是短暂的。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Design is one of the basic characteristics of what it is to be human, and an essential
determinant of the quality of human life. If things are a necessary part of our existence, why are they often done so
badly? There is no simple answer. Cost factors are sometimes advanced, but the margin between doing something
well or badly can be exceedingly small, and cost factors can in fact be reduced by appropriate design inputs. (设计
是人类生活质量的基本特征之一，也是人类生活质量的基本决定因素。如果事物是我们存在的必要组成部
分，为什么它们经常做得如此糟糕？没有一个简单的答案。成本因素有时是先进的，但把事情做得好或做
得不好之间的差距可能非常小，而成本因素实际上可以通过适当的设计投入来降低)”可推知，很少有产品
不能通过适当的设计进行改进。故选D。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The intention is to extend the range of what is understood by the term, and
examine the depth of design practice as it affects everyday life in a diversity of cultures.(目的是扩大这个术语的
理解范围，并研究设计实践的深度，因为它影响着不同文化的日常生活)”可知，本书旨在坚持有意义的设
计实践。故选B。
D
The sales pitches tempt: Blue-light-blocking glasses are supposed to protect eyes from the effects of short-
wavelength light emitting from our smartphones, computer screens and LED lights. Given how much time we
spend on our devices, this sounds like a smart investment, right? After all, eye strain is a real issue and can lead to
poor sleep and even eye diseases. The glasses can cost $15 all the way up to several hundred dollars. But do they
work?
Elizabeth Esparaz, an ophthalmologist (眼科专家) based in Cleveland, Ohio, says the science that
manufacturers share as they promote these glasses can be confusing. For starters, blue light is not just about tech
devices, and it’s not always bad. “The sun emits a much higher intensity of blue light than human-made devices, of
course, and it’s actually beneficial,” says Dr. Esparaz. It helps our mood, alertness and sleep-wake cycle.The problem is blue light at night: It contains the release of melatonin. “Melatonin helps regulate our circadian
rhythms (生理节奏) and makes us sleepy,” says Dr. Esparaz.
So, in theory, wearing blue-light-blocking glasses should help people who watch movies in bed or read from a
tablet at night avoid sleeplessness. A 2021 review study from the University of Oklahoma that looked at 24
previous studies found that people affected by sleep disorders, jet lag and shift work fell asleep faster after using
these glasses.
As for eye strain, a 2021 Australian study showed that those wearing the glasses did not experience less eye
strain than those using clear glasses. And a 2018 review study, also by Australian researchers, found insufficient
evidence that they prevent certain eye diseases.
“These glasses aren’t going to be harmful,” says Dr. Esparaz, But, she adds, a lack of standardization in the
industry means there’s no way to know if one pair is better than another. A more reliable solution: Turn on the blue-
light-filtering function on your devices and limit screen time before bed. To help with eye strain, Dr. Esparaz
suggests taking breaks and using lubricating eye drops.
32. What is Dr. Esparaz’s attitude toward business publicity?
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Approving. D. Doubtful.
33. What can we learn about blue light from the first two paragraphs?
A. It can be beneficial. B. It may facilitate sleep.
C. It actually causes health issues. D. It merely comes from digital devices.
34. Australian studies found that wearing blue-light-blocking glasses_________.
A. helps prevent eye disease B. are not harmful to eyesight
C. contributes to no less eye strain D. benefits those with sleep disorders
35. What might be the best title of this passage?
A. Blue-light-blocking Glasses: Your Best Choice
B. Blue-light-blocking Glasses: Good or Bad
C. Blue-light-blocking Glasses: A Good Business
D. Blue-light-blocking Glasses: Smart and Cool
【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过提出问题—分析问题—提出解决方案的方式解答了蓝光眼镜是否能
够起作用，并给出具体应对措施。
【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Elizabeth Esparaz, an ophthalmologist (眼科专家) based in Cleveland, Ohio, says the
science that manufacturers share as they promote these glasses can be confusing. (总部位于俄亥俄州克利夫兰市
的眼科医生伊丽莎白·埃斯帕拉兹说，制造商在推广这些眼镜时所分享的科学知识可能会让人感到困惑)”
可推知，商家宣传的理论是受到质疑的。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段““The sun emits a much higher intensity of blue light than human-made devices, of
course, and it’s actually beneficial,” says Dr. Esparaz (“当然，太阳发出的蓝光强度比人造设备要强得多，而
且它实际上是有益的，” 埃斯帕拉兹博士说)”可推知，太阳散发出的蓝光是有益的。故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段 “As for eye strain, a 2021 Australian study showed that those wearing the glasses did
not experience less eye strain than those using clear glasses. (至于眼睛疲劳，2021年澳大利亚的一项研究表明，
戴眼镜的人并不比戴透明眼镜的人经历的眼睛疲劳小)”可知，戴蓝光眼镜并不会减少眼疲劳。故选C。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“The sales pitches tempt: Blue-light-blocking glasses are supposed to protect eyes
from the effects of short-wavelength light emitting from our smartphones, computer screens and LED lights. Given
how much time we spend on our devices, this sounds like a smart investment, right? After all, eye strain is a real
issue and can lead to poor sleep and even eye diseases. The glasses can cost $15 all the way up to several hundred
dollars. But do they work?(销售宣传很诱人：防蓝光眼镜应该可以保护眼睛免受智能手机、电脑屏幕和 LED
灯发出的短波光的影响。考虑到我们在设备上花费的时间，这听起来是一项明智的投资，对吧？毕竟，眼
睛疲劳是一个真正的问题，它会导致睡眠不佳甚至眼疾。这种眼镜的价格从15美元到几百美元不等。但它
们真的有效吗？)”结合文章通过提出问题-分析问题-提出解决方案的方式解答了蓝光眼镜是否能够起作用，
并给出具体应对措施。由此可知，文章谈论了蓝光眼镜好坏的问题，B选项“防蓝光眼镜：好还是坏”最
符合文章标题。故选B。
10.【辽宁省六校2024届高三上学期期初考试英语试卷】
C
Few people can refuse a delicious ice cream, especially on a hot day. The only thing that stops the fun is that
the treat is hard to enjoy slowly, ending up with a sticky, melted mess. Now, researchers from Colombia’s Pontifical
Bolivarian University may have found an unlikely thing to help solve this age-old problem — a kind of fibre from
banana plant waste.Bananas as you probably know, grow in groups on a tree-like plant. Each group is connected to a central rachis
(叶轴), which is thrown once the fruit has been gathered. The team, which was led by Dr. Robin Zuluaga Gallego,
began by abstracting /drawing out cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) from the powdered rachis. The tasteless fiber,
thousands of times smaller than the width of a human hair, was then added to 100 grams of ice cream mix.
With the right amount of CNFs mixed in the dessert lasted longer in its frozen state than the traditional ice
cream, extending the amount of time that the treat can be enjoyed. What was even more exciting was that the fibre
increased the stickiness of the low-fat ice cream to levels higher than the full-fat one. Since this is what determines
the frozen treat’s creaminess and taste, CNFs could help create the healthier ice cream without influencing the taste
of it.
The researchers, who presented their findings at the American Chemical Society( ACS) meeting in New
Orleans in March, 2018, next plan to study how different types of fat, such as coconut oil, influence the behaviour
of CNFs in other frozen treats.
The Colombian researchers are not the only ones working on creating a slower-melting ice cream. In 2015,
scientists at the University of Dundee in Scotland found that a natural protein called BsIA was very effective in
keeping the treat frozen for longer periods of time. With both teams fighting to be the first to get to the market, the
future of everyone’s favorite dessert certainly looks bright.
28. What prevents people enjoying an ice cream slowly?
A. A kind of fibre from bananas. B. The fat in the ice cream.
C. The ice cream’s stickiness. D. The ice cream’s quick melting.
29. Why were CNFs added to ice cream mix?
A. To improve its taste. B. To increase its stickiness.
C. To reduce its fat content. D. To make it melt more slowly.
30. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The ice cream. B. The fiber. C. The fat. D. The stickiness.
31. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. BsIA is popular in the market.
B. CNFs are more useful and expensive than BsIA.
C. Slowly enjoying an ice cream will soon become a reality.
D. Ice creams with CNFs have been on sale at the market.
答案：28-31 DDACC 篇文章主要介绍一项研究发现，从香蕉植物废料中提取的纤维可以使冰淇淋融化更慢，增加口
感，降低脂肪含量。相关研究人员正在竞相开发这一技术，为冰淇淋市场带来新的可能性。
第28 题 D 细节理解题，根据文章开头所述，人们难以慢慢享受冰淇淋的原因是它容易融化，成
为一个黏糊糊的、融化的一团。
第29题 D 细节理解题，根据文章中提到，在冰淇淋混合物中加入纤维素纳米纤维（CNFs）可以
延长冰淇淋的冷冻状态，使其融化得更慢。
第30题 A 第三段中的“it”指的是冰淇淋，因为上文提到纤维素纳米纤维（CNFs）被添加到 100
克的冰淇淋混合物中。
第31 题 C 细节推测题，根据最后一段，有两个不同的研究团队分别探索制造融化速度较慢的冰
淇淋的方法，可以推测慢慢享受冰淇淋将很快成为现实。
D
The AIDA model is the foundation of modern marketing and advertising practice. It outlines the four basic
steps used to persuade potentials to make a purchase. The first three steps lie in creating attention (A), decorating
interest (I), and building desire (D) for the product, before the fourth step — the “call to action” (A) — tells them
exactly how and where to buy. AIDA can channel the customer’s feelings through each stage toward reaching a
sale.
Attracting the customer’s attention is the first challenge and this may be achieved by using an attracting phrase
or picture. Once someone’s attention has been clutched, it must be turned into real interest. This is best done by
providing a brief description of the product’s benefits to the consumer rather than simply listing the product’s main
features or problem-solving claims.
Now, it is time to transform that interest into a desire for a product or service. This is where consumers need to
believe their lives could be better by possessing the product. It could be a vital step towards turning a potential into
a real customer.
“Call-to-action” is where all of the initial hard work pays off and leads to the action from a potential customer.
For example, they might pick up the phone to discuss the idea of a trial of the services or, alternatively, they may
just buy that product or service that has been promoted to them all along.
And AIDA is used to great effect in the movie industry. Movie studios begin their marketing campaigns
months in advance. The campaigns develop by offering attractive flashes of the movie without giving too much
away. Desire is inspired by the release of the full preview which is fully designed to show the exciting moments ofthe movie, from special effects to humorous lines of dialogue on the opening weekend. Advertisements in
newspapers and on television focus on the movie’s release, inviting the consumer to go and buy a ticket.
32. What is the purpose of practising AIDA?
A. To increase sales. B. To create jobs.
C. To research markets. D. To introduce products.
33. What does the underlined word “clutched” mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Seized. B. Freed. C. Cheated. D. Affected.
34. In which stage of the AIDA model may a customer call to try the service?
A. Attention .B. Interest. C. Desire. D. Action.
35. Why does the author mention the movie industry in the last paragraph?
A. To design an AIDA model. B. To display how AIDA works.
C. To show how to make a movie. D. To advertise the movie industry.
【答案】32-35 AADB
【解析】D 篇文章主要介绍 AIDA 模型是现代营销和广告实践的基础，通过四个步骤来影响潜
在客户进行购买。文章还提到了电影行业如何运用 AIDA 模型进行营销推广。
第 32 题 A 细节理解题，定位到文章第一段，AIDA 模型的目的是通过引起注意、建立兴趣、激
发欲望和呼吁行动的步骤，来促使潜在客户进行购买，从而增加销售额。
第33 题 A 词意推断题，根据上下文，当一个人的注意力被抓住时，需要将其转化为真正的兴趣，
因此"clutched"在这里的意思是"抓住"。
第34题 D 细节理解题，定位到文章第三段，根据文中提到的 AIDA模型的第四个步骤是"call to
action"，即呼吁行动。在这一阶段，潜在客户可能会打电话来试用服务。
第35题 B 根据文中提到的 AIDA模型的第四个步骤是"call to action"，即呼吁行动。在这一阶段，
潜在客户可能会打电话来试用服务。
11.【河南省湘豫名校2023-2024学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题】
C
Barber poles are one of those symbols that everyone recognizes. The red and white stripes(条) around a pole
outside a shop let everyone know that this is a good place to get a haircut.
While most everyone recognizes this symbol immediately, you might not know what it actually means. As it
turns out, the meanings behind the barber pole and its colors have a rather gruesome history that may just surprise
you.Back in the Middle Ages, barbers did more than haircuts and shaves.Barbers also offered certain medical
services, like bloodletting. Bloodletting was used to treat many diseases from the simple, like throat pain, to more
dangerous illnesses like infectious disease.
Surgeons often wouldn’t do “simple” tasks like bloodletting as they considered it too ordinary. So barbers took
over the task, along with other procedures like tooth extraction, and treatment for wounds and broken bones. In
fact, barbers became known as “barber-surgeons” because of the broad range of services they offered. This
continued until the mid to late 18th century, when treatments like bloodletting began to fall out of fashion.
At first, barber-surgeons advertised their services to a largely illiterate(文盲的) public by placing a bowl of
blood in their windows. However, later a law banned this practice, which meant that barbers needed to find another
way. Then the red-and-white striped pole rapidly became the symbol of barber-surgeons afterward.
According to historians, the red was meant to represent blood, while the white symbolized the bandages. The
colors are wrapped around a stick because this represents the sticks that patients would hold in order to make the
veins(血管)of their arms stand out. When the procedure was finished, barber-surgeons would wash the bandages,
wrap them around the sticks, and place them outside to dry. In Europe, barber poles are red and white, so the blue
stripe is a United States addition to represent the color of veins.
So next time you’re heading to the barber, remember the history behind thecolors of the pole.
8. What does the underlined word “gruesome” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Embarrassing. B. Horrible. C. Glorious. D. Unforgettable.
9. What was included in barbers’ services in the 17th century?
A. Selling beauty products. B. Treating a toothache.
C. Performing big operations. D. Providing physical examination.
10. What can we know about the blue stripes around the barber pole?
A. They were used to stop bleeding. B. They were designed to calm patients.
C. They stood for the color of veins. D. They can be found in Europe.
11. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. What Is the Story behind Haircuts? B. Why Barber Poles Become Popular?
C. What Is the History of Barber’s Shop? D. Why Are Barber Poles Red, White and Blue?
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了理发店外面绕着杆子的红白蓝条纹标志的由来。
【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段“Barbers also offered certain medical services, like bloodletting. Bloodletting was
used to treat many diseases from the simple, like throat pain, to more dangerous illnesses like infectious disease.(理
发师还提供某些医疗服务，比如放血。放血被用于治疗许多疾病，从简单的喉咙痛到更危险的疾病，如传
染病)”可知，在中世纪理发店外的标志有着可怕的历史，因为涉及放血等内容。故划线词意思是“可怕
的”。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“So barbers took over the task, along with other procedures like tooth extraction,
and treatment for wounds and broken bones.(因此，除了拔牙、治疗伤口和骨折等其他程序外，理发师还接管
了这项任务)”可知，当时的理发师还会拔牙治疗牙齿。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In Europe, barber poles are red and white, so the blue stripe is a United States
addition to represent the color of veins.(在欧洲，理发杆是红色和白色的，所以蓝色条纹是美国增加的，代表
静脉的颜色)”可知，蓝色代表的是血管的颜色。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Barber poles are one of those symbols that everyone recognizes. The red and white
stripes(条) around a pole outside a shop let everyone know that this is a good place to get a haircut.(理发杆是每个
人都认识的标志之一。商店外一根杆子周围的红白条纹让每个人都知道这是理发的好地方)”结合作者在文
章开头提出了理发店的标志，然后讲述了这种标志的由来，故D选项“为什么理发杆是红色、白色和蓝色
的？”最符合文章标题。故选D。
D
Researchers of the University of Missouri analyzed survey data of 2,300teachers from Missouri and Oklahoma
who were asked to rate how stressed they were at work, if they found ways to deal with work stress and how
satisfied they were with their jobs. The study found teachers who struggle to deal with the stress of their job report
far lower job satisfaction compared to teachers who find ways to manage the pressure. While the findings were not
particularly surprising, the study highlights how the ability — or inability — to deal with work stress can be a
significant factor contributing to teacher burnout, which ultimately leads many teachers to leave the profession.
This research confirms that it is necessary to start devoting more time and resources to helping teachers
identify and adopt healthy coping mechanisms (应对机制). Finding ways to relieve teacher stress and investing in
ways to help them deal with stress in positive manners will pay back in not having to constantly hire and train new
teachers all the time. In addition, keeping experienced teachers will likely benefit student achievement as well.The researchers explained that positive, healthy coping mechanisms can be quick, easy and free. One healthy
coping mechanism they suggest for stressed teachers is writing and delivering a short letter of gratitude to a
colleague they enjoy working with. Simple things like increasing positive interactions with students and peers,
improving classroom management skills, and avoiding gossip (闲话) at work can also help.
School principals, district superintendents and school administrators can all play a role in supporting stressed
teachers who may be struggling to cope. They should communicate with teachers about their concerns, show
empathy (共鸣) and check in on their health and well-being to show the care. The overall goal is to create school
environments that allow teachers to develop and give them the tools they need to be successful.
12. Why is it necessary to adopt healthy coping mechanisms for teachers' stress?
A. Because it can prevent teachers leaving the profession.
B. Because it helps to replace old teachers with new ones.
C. Because it could help reduce dropout rates of students.
D. Because it contributes to new teachers' train and development.
13. Which of the following disagrees with recommended healthy coping mechanisms?
A. They are simple for most teachers.
B. They can take little time and money.
C. They involve many little everyday things.
D. They encourage communication of any kind.
14. How can educational administrators relieve the pressure on teachers?
A. By setting up better working conditions for teachers.
B. By asking teachers to increase the student achievement.
C. By requiring teachers to adopt the latest teaching methods.
D. By ordering teachers to improve classroom management skills.
15. What is the text mainly about?
A. Reasons for teacher burnout. B. Ways to relieve teacher stress.
C. Skills for classroom management. D. Paths of teacher professional growth.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着美国教师短缺问题持续恶化，密苏里大学的一项新研究
揭示了教师正在离开这个行业的原因。如何缓解教师的压力成为解决这一问题的关键。
【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“While the findings were not particularly surprising,the study highlights how the
ability — or inability — to deal with work stress can be a significant factor contributing to teacher burnout, which
ultimately leads many teachers to leave the profession.(虽然研究结果并不特别令人惊讶，但该研究强调了处理
工作压力的能力或无能如何成为导致教师倦怠的重要因素，这最终导致许多教师离开这个职业)”以及第二
段中“Finding ways to relieve teacher stress and investing in ways to help them deal with stress in positive
manners will pay back in not having to constantly hire and train new teachers all the time. In addition, keeping
experienced teachers will likely benefit student achievement as well.(找到减轻教师压力的方法，并投资于帮助
他们以积极的方式应对压力的方法，这样就不必一直雇佣和培训新教师了。此外，留住有经验的教师也可
能有利于学生的成绩)”可知，采取健康的应对压力机制能够有效地减少教师的流失。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers explained that positive, healthy coping mechanisms can be quick,
easy and free.(研究人员解释说，积极、健康的应对机制可以是快速、简单和免费的)”以及“Simple things
like increasing positive interactions with students and peers, improving classroom management skills, and avoiding
gossip (闲话) at work can also help.(一些简单的事情也会有所帮助，比如增加与学生和同辈人的积极互动，
提高课堂管理技能，避免在工作中八卦)”可知，正确的交流可以减轻教师的压力，但是工作时间八卦是不
提倡的，“它们鼓励任何形式的交流”不对。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The overall goal is to create school environments that allow teachers to develop
and give them the tools they need to be successful.(总体目标是创造一个允许教师发展的学校环境，并为他们
提供成功所需的工具)”可知，创造一个有益于教师成长的学校环境是缓解教师压力的有效措施。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“This research confirms that it is necessary to start devoting more time and resources
to helping teachers identify and adopt healthy coping mechanisms (应对机制). Finding ways to relieve teacher
stress and investing in ways to help them deal with stress in positive manners will pay back in not having to
constantly hire and train new teachers all the time. In addition, keeping experienced teachers will likely benefit
student achievement as well.(这项研究证实，有必要开始投入更多的时间和资源来帮助教师识别和采用健康
的应对机制。找到减轻教师压力的方法，并投资于帮助他们以积极的方式应对压力的方法，这样就不必一
直雇佣和培训新教师了。此外，留住有经验的教师也可能有利于学生的成绩)”结合文章主要说明了随着美
国教师短缺问题持续恶化，密苏里大学的一项新研究揭示了教师正在离开这个行业的原因。如何缓解教师
的压力成为解决这一问题的关键。即这篇文章的主要内容是减轻教师压力的方法。故选B。12.【湖北省宜荆荆恩四地2023-2024学年高三上学期9月联考英语试题】
C
Cichlids and stingrays (慈鲷和黄貂鱼) can perform simple plus and subtraction (减法) in the number range of
one to five. This has been shown in a recent study by the university of Bonn, which has now been published in the
journal scientific Reports.
This fact has been known for sometime that Cichlids and stingrays can precisely detect small quantities
without counting. However, the new research led by Dr. vera schluessel from the university of Bonn has shown that
both species can even calculate. “We trained the animals to perform simple additions and subtractions,” Schluessel
explains. “In doing so, they had to increase or decrease a premier value by one.”Blue means “add one”, and yellow
means “subtract one”.
But how do you ask a cichlid for the result of “2 +1”or “5 - 1”? The researchers used a method other research
groups had already successfully used to test the mathematical abilities of bees: They showed the fish a collection of
geometric shapes — for example, four squares. If these objects were colored blue, this meant “add one”. Yellow, on
the other hand, meant “subtract one”. After showing the original stimulus (e. g. four squares), the animals were
shown two new pictures — one with five and one with three squares. If they swam to the correct picture(i. e. to the
five squares in the “blue”arithmetic task), they were rewarded with food. If they gave the wrong answer, they went
away empty-handed. Overtime, they learned to associate the blue color with an increase of one in the amount
shown at the beginning, and the yellow number with a decrease.
But can the fish apply this knowledge to new tasks? Have they actually mastered the mathematical rule behind
the colors? “To check this, we will designedly leave out some calculations during future training,” Schluessel
explains.
28. What is known about the two species before the new research?
A. They can count small quantities easily.
B. They can associate colors with numbers.
C. They can do simple calculations by training.
D. They can identify small quantities accurately.
29. Why is the bee-method applied?
A. To illustrate fish’s ability. B. To ensure the research’s reliability.
C. To compare fish and bees. D. To promote the research’s application.30. How is the experiment carried out?
A. By collecting and calculating. B. By comparing and analysing.
C. By observing and concluding. D. By predicting and checking.
31. What does the last paragraph imply?
A. The fish are competent in mathematical calculation.
B. The procedure of the experiment needs improvement.
C. More trials are still needed to confirm the new findings.
D. Calculation methods are comprehended by both species.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，研究表明，慈鲷和黄貂鱼两种鱼有简单的数学计算能力。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“This fact has been known for sometime that Cichlids and stingrays can
precisely detect small quantities without counting.(这一事实早已为人所知，慈鲷和黄貂鱼可以在不计数的情
况下精确地检测到少量的数量)”可知，人们早就知道慈鲷和黄貂鱼不需要数就能精确地识别较小的数字，
故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“The researchers used a method other research groups had already successfully
used to test the mathematical abilities of bees(研究人员使用了一种其他研究小组已经成功用于测试蜜蜂数学
能力的方法)”可知，研究人员借鉴测试蜜蜂的方法是为了确保研究的可靠性，故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“They showed the fish a collection of geometric shapes — for example, four
squares. If these objects were colored blue, this meant ‘add one’. Yellow, on the other hand, meant ‘subtract one’.
After showing the original stimulus (e. g. four squares), the animals were shown two new pictures — one with five
and one with three squares. If they swam to the correct picture(i. e. to the five squares in the ‘blue’ arithmetic task) ,
they were rewarded with food. If they gave the wrong answer, they went away empty-handed.Overtime, they
learned to associate the blue color with an increase of one in the amount shown at the beginning, and the yellow
number with a decrease.(他们向鱼展示了一组几何形状——例如，四个正方形。如果这些物体是蓝色的，这
意味着‘加1’。另一方面，黄色表示‘减1’。在展示了原始的刺激（例如四个正方形）之后，给动物们
看了两张新的图片——一张有五个正方形，另一张有三个正方形。如果它们游到正确的图片（也就是说，
在‘蓝色’算术任务中找到五个正方形），它们会得到食物奖励。如果它们给出了错误的答案，它们就会空手而归。随着时间的推移，他们学会了将蓝色与开始时显示的数量增加1联系起来，将黄色数字与减少
联系起来。)”可知，研究人员是通过观察和得出结论而展开的，故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“But can the fish apply this knowledge to new tasks? Have they actually mastered
the mathematical rule behind the colors? ‘To check this, we will designedly leave out some calculations during
future training,’ Schluessel explains.(但是鱼能把这些知识应用到新的任务中吗？它们真的掌握了颜色背后的
数学法则吗？‘为了验证这一点，我们将在未来的训练中故意省略一些计算。’Schluessel解释说)”可知，
还需要更多的实验来证实新发现，故选C。
D
The “diet” in diet drinks maybe a false promise for some soda lovers. True, they deliver the taste of a soda
experience, without the calories. Yet, new research shows they can also leave people with increased appetite.
A study published recently in JAMA Network open adds to the evidence that drinks made with sucralose, an
artificial sweetener (甜味剂), may increase the appetite among some people. “We found females and overweight
people had greater brain reward activity after consuming the artificial sweetener,” says study author Katie Page, a
physician at the University of Southern California. Both groups ate more food after consuming drinks with
sucralose, compared with after regular sugar-sweetened drinks. In contrast, the study found males and people of
healthy weight did not have an increase in either brain reward activity or hunger response, suggesting they’re not
affected in the same way.
One theory is that it’s not the artificial sweetener itself that has a direct effect on the body. The idea is that
artificial sweeteners may confuse the body by tricking it into thinking sugar is coming. “You are supposed to get
sugar after something tastes sweet,” explains Swithers, “Your body has been used to that.” But the sugar never
arrives, which may lead to the body’s less efficiency in processing sugar that s consumed later.
Swithers’ lab has also documented that when animals with a history of consuming artificial sweeteners get real
sugar, their blood sugar levels rise higher than those of animals not fed artificial sweeteners. “It’s a small effect, but
overtime this could contribute to potentially significant consequences,” she says. If this is happening in some
people who consume diet soda, it could add to the risk of Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病), because when blood sugar
rises, the body has to release more insulin (胰岛素) to absorb the sugar. “So what you’re doing is that you are kind
of pushing the system harder,” Swithers says.
32. What can we learn from Katie page’s study?
A. Females enjoying diet drinks consume more food.B. Artificial sweeteners help males with better appetite.
C. Diet drinks increase hunger response of healthy people.
D. people consuming sucralose have greater brain reward activity.
33. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The effect of sugar. B. Response to sweetness.
C. Artificial sweetener. D. The absence of sweetness.
34. What can we infer from Susan Swithers’words in the last paragraph?
A. More insulin release helps sugar level rise.
B. people drinking diet soda hardly absorb sugar.
C. Type 2 diabetes mainly results from artificial sweeteners.
D. Consuming artificial sweeteners might cause health problems.
35. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The potential of artificially-sweetened drinks.
B. The wisdom of choosing healthy sweet drinks.
C. The underlying link between diet drinks and health.
D. The differences among artificially-sweetened drinks.
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是无糖饮品因添加了人工甜味剂而使得摄入的人胃口大增，对身
体有害。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中“We found females and overweight people had greater brain reward activity after
consuming the artificial sweetener (我们发现，女性和超重者在食用人造甜味剂后，大脑的奖励活动更大)”
和“Both groups ate more food after consuming drinks with sucralose, compared with after regular sugar-
sweetened drinks. In contrast, the study found males and people of healthy weight did not have an increase in either
brain reward activity or hunger response, suggesting they’re not affected in the same way. (与常规加糖饮料相比，
两组人在饮用含有三氯蔗糖的饮料后都吃了更多的食物。相比之下，研究发现，男性和体重健康的人的大
脑奖励活动或饥饿反应都没有增加，这表明他们没有受到同样的影响)”可知，女性相比于男性来说，在喝
了无糖饮料后更容易吃得更多。故选A项。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。由第三段中“The idea is that artificial sweeteners may confuse the body by tricking it into thinkingsugar is coming. “You are supposed to get sugar after something tastes sweet,” explains Swithers, “Your body has
been used to that.”(这种想法是，人造甜味剂可能会诱使身体认为糖即将到来，从而误导身体。Swithers解
释道：“你应该在尝到甜的东西后得到糖。你的身体已经习惯了 that。”)”可知，人造甜味剂可能会误导
身体，让它误以为糖来了，说明人的身体已经习惯尝到了甜的东西后一定会得到糖，这是身体对糖的反应，
that指代“对甜味的反应”。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段中““It’s a small effect, but overtime this could contribute to potentially significant
consequences,” she says. If this is happening in some people who consume diet soda, it could add to the risk of
Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病), because when blood sugar rises, the body has to release more insulin (胰岛素) to absorb
the sugar. (她说：“这是一个小影响，但随着时间的推移，这可能会产生潜在的重大后果。”如果这种情
况发生在一些喝无糖汽水的人身上，可能会增加患2型糖尿病的风险，因为当血糖升高时，身体必须释放
更多的胰岛素来吸收糖)”可知，摄入人工甜味剂可能会导致重大的健康问题。故选D项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是无糖饮品因添加了人工甜味剂而使得摄入的人胃口大增，对身体有害，C项
“无糖饮料与健康之间的潜在联系”能概括全文大意。故选C项。
13.【山西省10所名校教育联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期九月联考英语】
C
Rain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn’t just made of water anymore — it’s partly made of plastic.
Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, are wandering around Earth’s atmosphere and traveling
across entire continents, according to a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences on April 12. Another study, published in the journal Science in June 2020, has revealed that every year
more than 1,000 tons of the particles — equivalent to over 120 million plastic bottles — fall in rain.
Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and come from a number of sources.
Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics
are manufactured deliberately to provide abrasion in a host of products, such as toothpaste and cleansers, according
to the Daily Mail. Another major source is your washing machine. When you wash synthetic clothing, tiny
microfibers get flushed away with the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the
microplastics remain, and they are released into the sea, according to American magazine Wired.
Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with. The
tiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the ground. They are so light
that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe. As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act asnuclei around which water vapor condenses to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions,
while the rest comes down as rain, according to the Daily Mail.
Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes,
their bodies have been found, on average, to contain 40 pieces of microplastic, reported Daily Mail. As the top of
the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. “ We live on a ball inside a bubble,” microplastic
researcher Steve Allen at University of Strathelyde, Scotland, told Wired. “There are no borders, there are no edges.
It (plastic rain) is raining on the land and then getting blown back up into the air again, to move somewhere else.
There’s no stopping it once it’s out.”
28.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A.How microplastics are used widely. B.How microplastics come into being.
C.How microplastics pollute water. D.How microplastics should be handled.
29.What do we know about microplastics?
A.They are light and can be easily dealt with.
B.They result in both acid rain and plastic rain.
C.They have nearly affected the whole food chain.
D.They have a diameter of at least 5 millimeters.
.do Steve Allen’s words mean in the last paragraph?
A.Countries should work together to fight pollution.
B.The atmosphere possesses the capacity to self-cleanse.
C.It is important to remove microplastics somewhere else.
D.No place is safe from microplastic pollution.
31.Which of the following can be the best title?
A.The sources and effects of microplastics.
B.The difference between acid rain and plastic rain.
C.The dangers of microplastics.
D.The microplastics in food chain.
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境： 人与自然---雨水形成--新的发现
【文章大意】文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明雨水不再仅仅是由水构成的，它部分由塑料
构成。
【答案与解析】28-31: BCDA
28.B 【命题意图】考查主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5
millimeters in diameter and come from a number of sources. Plastic bags and bottles released into the
environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics are manufactured deliberately to
provide abrasion in a host of products, such as toothpaste and cleansers, according to the Daily Mail. Another
major source is your washing machine. When you wash synthetic clothing, tiny microfibers get flushed away with
the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the microplastics remain, and they arereleased into the sea, according to American magazine Wired.(微塑料是直径小于5毫米的塑料颗粒，来源
多种多样。释放到环境中的塑料袋和塑料瓶被分解成越来越小的碎片。据《每日邮报》报道，一些微塑料
是故意制造出来的，以在牙膏和洗面奶等一系列产品中产生磨损作用。另一个主要来源是你的洗衣机。当
你洗合成衣物时，微小的微纤维会随着废水一起被冲走。据美国《连线》杂志报道，尽管污水处理厂对这
些水进行了处理，但微塑料仍然存在，并被释放到海洋中。)”可知，第三段介绍了微塑料的几种来源，故
本段是讲述微塑料是如何产生形成的。故选B.
29.C 【命题意图】考查推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段“Microplastics have been found everywhere you
can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been found, on average, to contain
40 pieces of microplastic, reported Daily Mail. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to
microplastics, too.(你能想到的任何地方都有微塑料。据《每日邮报》报道，从鱼、青蛙到老鼠、蚊子，
他们的体内平均含有40个塑料微粒。作为食物链的顶端，人类也会接触到微塑料。)”可知，微塑料几乎
可以在任何地方被发现，由此可推断，微塑料几乎影响了整个食物链。故选C。
30.D 【命题意图】考查推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““We live on a ball inside a bubble,”
microplastic researcher Steve Allen at University of Strathelyde, Scotland, told Wired. “There are no borders,
there are no edges. It (plastic rain) is raining on the land and then getting blown back
up into the air again, to move somewhere else. There’s no stopping it once it’s out.”(“我们生活
在一个泡泡里的球上，”苏格兰斯特拉希利德大学的微塑料研究员Steve Allen告诉《连
线》杂志。“没有边界，没有边缘。它(塑料雨)在陆地上下雨，然后再次被吹回空中，移
动到其他地方。一旦泄露出去，就无法阻止了。”)”可知，在Steve Allen看来，世界上没
有任何一个地方可以免受微塑料的污染。故选D。
31.A 【命题意图】考查主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Rain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn’t just
made of water anymore — it’s partly made of plastic.(雨对地球上的生命至关重要。然而，雨水不再仅仅是
由水构成的，它部分由塑料构成。)”可知，现在的雨水中含有塑料；文章第三段“Microplastics are
plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and come from a number of sources.(微塑料是直径小于5
毫米的塑料颗粒，来源多种多样。)”；文章第四段“Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the
former is far more widespread and harder to deal with.(塑料雨可能会让人想起酸雨，但前者的影响范围更
广，也更难处理。)”可知，文章用雨引出微塑料无处不在这一话题，并分析了微塑料的来源以及影响。
故选A。
D
A baby born today will be thirty-something in 2050. If all goes well, that baby will still be around in 2100, and
might even be an active citizen of the 22nd century. What should we teach that baby to help them survive andflourish in the world of 2050 and beyond? What kind of skills will they need in order to get a job, understand what
is happening around them, and navigate their tough life?
At present, too many schools across the world focus on providing pupils with a set of predetermined skills,
such as writing computer code in C++ and conversing in Chinese. Yet since we have no idea how the world and the
job market will look in 2050, we don’t really know what particular skills people will need. We might invest a lot of
effort in teaching kids how to write in C++ or to speak Chinese, only to discover sooner or later that AI will have
been able to code software far better than humans, and that a new translation app will have enabled you to conduct
a conversation in almost flawless Mandarin, Cantonese or Hakka, even though you only know how to say ni hao.
So what should we be teaching? Many experts argue that schools should downplay technical skills and
emphasize general-purpose life skills: the ability to deal with change, to learn new things, and to preserve your
mental balance in unfamiliar situations. In order to keep up with the world of 2050, you will above all need to
reinvent yourself again and again.
To succeed in such a demanding task, you will need to work very hard on getting to know your operating
system better—to know what you are and what you want from life. This is, of course, the oldest advice in the book:
know thyself. This advice was never more urgent than in the mid-21st century, because unlike in the days of Laozi
or Socrates, now you have serious competition. Coca-Cola, Amazon and Facebook are all racing to hack you.
Right now, the algorithms (算法) are watching where you go, what you buy, and who you meet. Soon they
will monitor all your steps, breaths and heartbeats. They are relying on big data and machine learning to get to
know you better and better. And once these algorithms know you better than you know yourself, they could control
and manipulate (操纵) you. In the end, authority will shift to them.
Of course, you might be perfectly happy giving up all authority to the algorithms and trusting them to make
decisions for you and for the rest of the world. If, however, you want to maintain some control over your personal
existence and over the future of life in general, you have to run faster than the algorithms. To run fast, don’t take
much luggage with you. Leave all your illusions (幻想) behind. They are very heavy.
32．What does the underlined word “downplay” in paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A.Give too much emphasis on something.
B.Make people think that something is less important.
C.Offer your reasons why something is right or wrong.
D.Decide something in advance so that it does not happen.
33.According to the article, what plays a vital role in children’s bright future.
A.imagination B.adaptability C.self-discipline D.a good sense of balance
34.Why is it important to know our operating system?
A.Because if we don’t, algorithms will hack all our devices.
B.Because it is an essential skill for us to succeed in the world of 2050.
C.Because we need to learn how algorithms work and make full use of them.
D.Because we need to outrun algorithms to keep some control over our personal life.
35.What does he article mainly talks about ？
A.the importance of knowing yourselfB.the threats and dangers of technology
C.what kind of skills we might need in the future
D.some potential benefits algorithms would bring to humankind
语篇类型：议论文 主题语境： 人与自我------淡化技能---控制自己
【文章大意】随着社会发展，未来的教育将淡化技术技能，而强调通用的生活技能，使学生拥有应对变化
的能力，学习新事物的能力，以及在陌生环境中保持精神平衡的能力，做出一次又一次地重塑，为了不被
算法控制，并学会认识自我，并努力使自己跑得比算法快，这样才能在某种程度上控制你个人的存在和未
来的生活。
【答案与解析】32-35：BBDC
32.B【命题意图】 考查字句理解题。根据第三段“Many experts argue that schools should downplay
technical skills and emphasize general-purpose life skills: the ability to deal with change, to learn new things,
and to preserve your mental balance in unfamiliar situations. In order to keep up with the world of 2050, you will
above all need to reinvent yourself again and again. (许多专家认为，学校应该downplay技术技能，强调通
用的生活技能：应对变化的能力，学习新事物的能力，以及在不熟悉的情况下保持心理平衡的能力。为
了跟上2050年的世界，你首先需要一次又一次地改造自己。)”可知，学校要强调生活技能类的能力传
授，而非技术技能，因此划线词意为“不予重视”，与emphasize意思相反，与B项“Make people think
that something is less important. (让人们觉得有些事情不那么重要。)”意思相近。故选B项。
33.B【命题意图】考查细节理解题。根据第三段“Many experts argue that schools should downplay technical
skills and emphasize general-purpose life skills: the ability to deal with change, to learn new things, and to
preserve your mental balance in unfamiliar situations. In order to keep up with the world of 2050, you will above
all need to reinvent yourself again and again. (许多专家认为，学校应该downplay技术技能，强调通用的生
活技能：应对变化的能力，学习新事物的能力，以及在不熟悉的情况下保持心理平衡的能力。为了跟上
2050年的世界，你首先需要一次又一次地改造自己。)”可知，对孩子们的美好未来起着至关重要作用的
是有通用的生活技能，能在不熟悉的情况下保持心理平衡，善于学习新事物，即要有一定的适应力。故
选B项。
34.D 【命题意图】考查推理判断题。 根据第四段“To succeed in such a demanding task, you will need to
work very hard on getting to know your operating system better—to know what you are and what you want from
life. This is, of course, the oldest advice in the book: know thyself. This advice was never more urgent than in the
mid-21st century, because unlike in the days of Laozi or Socrates, now you have serious competition. Coca-Cola,
Amazon and Facebook are all racing to hack you. (要成功完成这样一项要求很高的任务，你需要非常努力
地去更好地了解你的操作系统——了解你是什么，你想从生活中得到什么。当然，这是书中最古老的忠告：认识你自己。这一建议在21世纪中期从未如此紧迫，因为与老子或苏格拉底时代不同，现在你面临
着激烈的竞争。可口可乐、亚马逊和脸书都在争相黑你。)”，以及倒数第二段“Right now, the algorithms
(算法) are watching where you go, what you buy, and who you meet. Soon they will monitor all your steps,
breaths and heartbeats. They are relying on big data and machine learning to get to know you better and better.
And once these algorithms know you better than you know yourself, they could control and manipulate (操纵)
you. In the end, authority will shift to them.(现在，算法正在观察你去哪里，你买什么，你遇见谁。很快他
们就会监控你的步伐、呼吸和心跳。他们依靠大数据和机器学习来更好地了解你。一旦这些算法比你自
己更了解你，它们就可以控制和操纵你。最终，权力会转移到他们身上)”，最后一段“If, however, you
want to maintain some control over your personal existence and over the future of life in general, you have to run
faster than the algorithms. (然而，如果你想在某种程度上控制你个人的存在和未来的生活，你就必须跑得
比算法快。)”可知，了解我们的操作系统很重要，因为身处大数据时代，只有了解自己，认识自己了，
才能使自己跑得比算法跑得快，才能在某种程度上掌控自己的生活，而不被大数据左右。故选D项。
35.C【命题意图】考查主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章描述的是未来的教育方向：随着社会发展，未来
的教育将淡化技术技能，而强调通用的生活技能，使学生拥有应对变化的能力，学习新事物的能力，以
及在陌生环境中保持精神平衡的能力，做出一次又一次地重塑，为了不被算法控制，并学会认识自我，
并努力使自己跑得比算法快，这样才能在某种程度上控制你个人的存在和未来的生活。故本文主要大意
为“what kind of skills we might need in the future (我们将来可能需要什么样的技能)”，故选C项。
14.【 2024届湖南炎德英才名校高三第一次质量检测】
C
PFAS are found in nonstick pans, water-proof fabrics and food packaging. They’re called forever chemicals
because of their ability to stick around and not break down. Now, using a bit of heat and two relatively common
compounds, researchers have degraded(降解) the chemical in the lab.
While some scientists have found relatively simple ways of breaking down select PFAS, most degradation
methods require harsh processes using intense pressure—in some cases over 22 megapascals—or extremely high
temperatures—sometimes upwards of 1,000C—to break the chemical bonds.
William Dichtel, from Northwestern University in Evanston, and his team experimented with two substances
found in nearly every chemistry lab: sodium hydroxide(氢氧化钠)，also known as lye, and a solvent(溶剂) called
DMSO. The team worked specifically on a group of forever chemicals which contain a large percentage of PFAS.
When the team combined chemicals with the lye and DMSO at l20°C and with no extra pressure needed, thecarboxylic acid(羧酸) fell off the chemicals and became carbon dioxide. “What happened next was unexpected,”
Dichtel said. The loss of the acid helped degrade the chemicals into fluoride ions( 氟离子) and smaller carbon-
containing products, leaving behind no harmful by-products.
“It's a neat method; it's different from others that have been tried," says Chris Sales, an environmental engineer
at Drexel University in Philadelphia who was not involved in the study. “The biggest question is how this could be
adapted and scaled up. Understanding this mechanism is just one step in undoing forever chemicals,” Sales said.
This process wouldn't work to deal with PFAS in the environment, because it requires a concentrated amount
of the chemicals, but it could one day be used in wastewater treatment plants, where the pollutants could be filtered
out of the water, concentrated and then broken down.
28. What can we learn about the previous ways to break down PFAS?
A. They're eco-friendly. B. They've been widely used.
C. They're difficult to operate. D. They're regarded as useless.
29. What did the team do in their experiment?
A. They exposed chemicals to extreme temperatures.
B. They tried two very common substances.
C. They tested every group of forever chemicals.
D. They experimented with different solvents.
30. What made the researchers most surprised in their experiment?
A. Environmentally- friendly reactions occurred.
B. The carboxylic acid became carbon dioxide.
C. No extra pressure was needed for the trial.
D. The lye and DMSO could work at 120°C.
31. What can we infer from Chris Sales' words?
A. It is difficult to deal with PFAS in the environment.
B. This mechanism will soon be used in the environment.
C. The method will be applied to different kinds of chemicals.
D. More research is needed before the method is widely used.
28-31CBAD
C [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文。美国埃文斯顿西北大学的研究人员发现了一种新的方法来分解那些难以
分解的PFAS。
28. C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“.. most degradation methods require harsh processes using intensepressure- in some cases over 22 megapascals- or extremely high temperatures- sometimes upwards of 1,000C - to
break the chemical bonds"可知，以前的那些分解方法需要高压高温，因此很难操作。
29.B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“.. and his team experimented with two substances found in nearly every
chemistry lab: sodium hydroxide(氢氧化钠)，also known as lye, and a solvent(溶剂) called DMSO"可知, William
Dichtel团队使用了两种很常见的物质。
30.A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的““What happened next was unexpected,' Dichtel said. The loss of the
acid helped degrade the chemicals into fluoride ions(氟离子) and smaller carbon-containing products, leaving
behind no harmful by-products.”可知,他们没预料到会有非常环保的化学反应发生。
31.D。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The biggest question is how this could be adapted and scaled up.
Understanding this mechanism is just one step in undoing forever chemicals, ’Sales said.”可知,Chris Sales认为想
要广泛地应用这个方法还需要很多研究。
D
The idea that the normal human body temperature is about 37°C was first presented by the German physician
Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in 1851. Since then, it's become so widely accepted that it serves as a touchstone
for health—a diagnostic tool used by physicians and parents as a basic indicator of whether someone is sick or
well. However, it turns out that this well-established fact isn't, in fact, correct—or, to put it more accurately, human
beings have been getting cooler over the years.
Recent studies have shown that temperature records of groups of people have tended to run low compared to
the accepted norm(标准)，so the Stanford team, led by Julie Parsonnet, MD, professor of medicine and of health
research and policy, decided to do a more in-depth study to compare modern measurements with historical records
to try to identify body temperature trends and, perhaps, uncover the reason why this cooling is happening.
For their research, the Stanford team looked at three distinct data sets from two historical periods. After going
through 677,423 temperature measurements, the team found that men born in the 21st century had an average body
temperature of 0.6°C lower than that of those born in the early 19th century while modem women showed an
average decrease of 0.03°C compared to those born in the 1890s.
As to why this is happening, the researchers say that the most likely mechanism is a reduction in the human
metabolic rate(代谢率) due to environmental factors: One possibility is that improvements in public health over
200 years have reduced the incidence of inflammations(炎症), which promote metabolism. This combined with
people living more comfortable lives in more stable environments means that the body doesn't have to work as hardto stay warm, so the average temperature falls.
“The environment that we're living in has changed, including the temperature in our homes, our contact with
microorganisms(微生物) and the food that we have access to. All these things mean that although we consider
human beings as the same for all of human evolution, we're not the same. We're actually changing physiologically,”
Parsonnet said.
32. What is Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich's achievement?
A. He set up standards for human health services.
B. He predicted trends in human body temperature.
C. He first used body temperature as a health indicator.
D. He proposed the standard human body temperature.
33. What can we learn about the Stanford team's study?
A. It shows women have a lower body temperature than men.
B. It proves human body temperature has dropped at a faster rate.
C. It compared historical and current human body temperature data.
D. It suggested updating the definition of the average body temperature.
34. Which of the following is thought to cause the decrease in human body temperature?
A. The improved living conditions.
B. The contact with other creatures.
C. The decline in physically demanding work.
D. The adaptation of humans to climate change.
35. Which one could be the best title for the text?
A. What exactly is normal human body temperature?
B. Why does human body temperature need measuring?
C. Human body temperature has decreased over the years
D. Human body temperature changes with the environment
32-35DCAC
D [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文。研究发现,人类的平均标准体温在下降,传统意义上的37°C的标准体温已
经不适用于所有人。
32.D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The idea that the normal human body temperature is about 37C was first
presented by the German physician Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in 1851.”和第二段中的“Recent studies
have shown that temperature records of groups of people have tended to run low compared to the accepted norm"可知，Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich提出人类标准体温大约是37C。
33. C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.. so the Stanford team, led by Julie Parsonnet, MD, professor of
medicine and of health research and policy, decided to do a more in-depth study to compare modern measurements
with historical records to try to identify body temperature trends ..”及第三段关于两个不同历史时期体温的对比
可知，该研究团队对比研究了历史和当前的人体体温数据。
34.A。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“improvements in public health .. combined with people living more
comfortable lives in more stable environments"可推知,生活条件的改善使人类的标准体温降低。
35. C。标题归纳题。综合全文可知,本文介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究:自19世纪末以来,人类的标准体温有
所下降;由此推断,C项为最佳标题。
15.【苏南名校2024届高三9月抽查调研卷】
C
Scientists find that they are able to see the future by offering each four-year-old child a piece of candy and
watching how he or she deals with it. Some children reach eagerly (急切地) for the treat they see. Some last a few
minutes before they give in. But others are determined to wait until the last moment.
By the time the children reach high school, something remarkable has happened. A survey found that those who
as four-year-olds had enough self-control to hold out generally grew up to be more popular, adventurous, confident
(自信的) and dependable. The children who gave in to temptation( 诱 惑 )early were more likely to be lonely,
easily frustrated and inflexible(顽固的).
Actually, the ability to delay reward is a sign of emotional(情感) intelligence which doesn't show up on an IQ
test. The hardware of the brain and the software of the mind have long been scientists'concerns. But brain theory
can't explain what we wonder about most, like the question why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles
that would sink a less resistant(抵制的) soul.
Here comes the opinion of Daniel Goleman, writer of Emotional Intelligence: When it comes to predicting
people's success, brain ability measured by IQ may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought of
as"character".
Emotional quotient (EQ) is not the opposite of IQ. What researchers have been trying to understand is how they
work together; how one's ability to handle stress, for example, affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence
to use. Among the ingredients(要 素)for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%;
the rest depends on everything from social class to luck.While this relatively new field of emotional intelligence is taken seriously now, some researchers still fear that
EQ invites misuse.
8. The experiment (实验) with the four-year-old kids shows that
A. the age of four is a good time for scientific experiment
B. the ability of self-control plays a role in personal success
C. emotional intelligence won't show up until adulthood
D. candy can be used to measure a person's emotional intelligence
9. The underlined word "upbeat" in Paragraph 4 probably means
A. kind B. grateful C. optimistic D. excited
10. Which of the following is true of EQ and IQ according to the text?
A. The higher a person's EQ is, the higher his or her IQ is.
B. The higher a person's IQ is, the higher his or her EQ is.
C. Some people can be blessed with lots of both, but some with little of either.
D. Scientists are trying to discover the way in which EQ and IQ work together
11. What is most likely to be written in the next paragraph that follows?
A. Information about famous people with high EQ. B. Examples showing the bad voice about EQ.
C. Some reasons why EQ is relatively new field. D. Strong demands for basic emotional education.
8--11. BCDB
本文属于说明文，主要讲的是研究人员普遍认为智商在人的成就方面只起 20%的作用。而普通智商测试中
不曾出现的自我控制力经实验证明在人的成功中也有着很大的影响。
8.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“A survey found that those who as four-year-olds had enough self-control to
hold out generally grew up to be more popular, adventurous, confident ( 自信的) and dependable. ( - .项调 查发
现，那些在4岁时就有足够的自制力、能够坚持下去的孩子，长大后会更受欢迎、更有冒险精神、更自信、
更可靠。)”可以判断自我控制力在人的成功方面起着非常重要的作用.
9.词句猜测题。根据第三段的in the face of troubles that would sink a less resistant(抵制的) soul. (面对的会让-
一个不那么抗拒的灵魂沉沦的麻烦。)”可知人们不理解为什么面对一些可以让人消沉的情况，而有的人却
是不一样的反应，根据对比关系判断upbeat意思是“乐观的”，即optimistic,
10.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的Emotional quotient (EQ) is not the opposite of IQ. What researchers
have been trying to understand is how they work together; how one' s ability to handle stress, for example, affects
the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use. (情商(EQ)并不是智商的反义词。研究人员- -直试图了解的是它们是如何一起工作的;例如，一个人处理压力的能力如何影响集中精力和运用智力的能力。)”可知科学
家们正试图发现情商和智商共同作用的方式，
11.推理判断题。上文提到了EQ在人们成功方面的作用，再根据最后一段的“While .many researchers in
this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously, some few fear EQ invites misuse.
(虽然在这个相对较新的领域，许多研究人员很高兴看到情感问题终于得到认真对待，一些人担心情商会导
致误用。) ”可知尽管如此还是有人提出了相反的观点，由此判断在接下来的段落中作者要提到的是EQ的
不利方面，符合题意的只有B选项"Examples showing the bad voice about EQ”,
D
This year's Olympic Games have been closed to most spectators(观众)because of COVID-19, but the eyes of
the world are still on the athletes thanks to five extra cameras—the first step in a 3D tracking system that supplies
spectators with instant insights into each step of a race.
The tracking system being used in Tokyo, an Intel product called 3DAT, feeds live footage(影像)into the cloud.
There, an artificial intelligence program uses deep learning to analyze an athlete's movements and identifies key
performance characteristics such as top speed and slowdown. The system shares that information with viewers by
displaying the action of slow-motion, highlighting key moments. The whole process, from capturing the footage to
broadcasting the analysis, takes less than 30 seconds.
"It's like having your own personal commentator point things out to you in the race," says Jonathan Lee,
director of the Olympic technology group.
To train their Olympic AI via machine learning, Lee and his team had to capture as much footage of best
athletes as they could. They needed recordings of human bodies performing specific moves, but the preexisting
footage shows average people in motion, Lee says."People aren't usually seven feet in the air," he notes, but world-
class high jumpers reach such heights regularly.
In the footage, a team at Intel record every part of the body—eyes, nose, shoulders, and more. Once those key
points were identified, the model began connecting them in three dimensions(维度) until it had a simplified
performance of an athlete's form.Lee thinks the AI could help everyone from Olympians to average gymgoers
correct their form and track changes in their moves that may indicate upcoming injury."Long-term, what this
technology will do is help improve an athlete's performance by giving them more information,"two-time Olympic
champion Ashton Eaton said.
12. What does the tracking system provide for the viewers?
A. Information about 3DAT. B. Live footage from gymgoers.C. Analysis of the athletes' personalities. D. Highlighted key moments in slow motion.
13. Why did Lee and his team need footage of best athletes?
A. To increase the accuracy of AI. B. To reach the world-class heights.
C. To record moves of average people. D. To improve athletes' specific moves.
14. What can the system do for average sports enthusiasts?
A. Lower the risk of injury. B. Train them to be Olympians.
C. Simplify the training process. D. Track changes in their heights.
15. What can we infer from Eaton's words?
A. He benefited a lot from the technology. B. He was positive about the future of AI.
C. He thought AI was useless for athletes. D. He wasn't interested in the development of AI.
12--15. DAAB
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述在东京奥运会期间，3DAT的应用给观看奥运会带来的全新体验，以及此项技
术为体育运动带来的改变。
12.细节理解题。根据第二二段“The system shares that information with viewers bydisplaying the action of
slow motion, highlighting key moments.”( 该系统通过显示慢镜头中的动作，突出关键时刻，与观众分享这
些信息。)，可知，追踪系统通过利用慢镜头给观众展示一些比赛的关键时刻，让观看奥运赛事更加的有趣。
故选D项。
13.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句 To train their Olympic AI via machine learning, Lee and his team had to
capture as much footage of best athletes as they could. They needed recordings of human bodies perform ing
specific moves, but the preexisting footage shows average people in motion, Lee says.“People aren 't usually seven
feet in the air," he notes,
but world-class high jumpers reach such heights regularly.”(为了通过机器学习训练他们的奥运人工智能，李和
他的团队必须尽可能多地捕捉最佳运动员的镜头。Lee说，他们需要录制人体表演特定动作的录像，但现
有的录像显示的是普通人的动作。“普通人通常不会飞到七英尺高，”他指出，但世界级的跳高运动员经
常能达到这样的高
度),推知李和他的团队需要最好的运动员的影像是为了提高人工智能的准确性。故选A项。
14.细节理解题。根据最后一 段第三句“Lee thinks the AI could help everyone from Olympians to average
gymgoers correct their form and track changes in their moves that may indicate upcoming injury." (李认为，这种
人工智能可以帮助从奥运会运动员到普通体操运动员的所有人纠正他们的姿势和可能预示着即将要受的伤
轨迹变化),可
知这套系统能够让普通的运动爱好者避免运动中的伤害。故选A项。15.推理判断题。根据最后- -段 Eaton所说的话"Long-term, what this technology will do is help improve an
athlete 's performance by giving them more information”(从长远来看，这项技术将为运动员提供更多的信息，
帮助他们提高成绩)，可推知Eaton对这套系统的未来充满乐观。故选B项。通读文章了解主要内容揣摩中
心思想，认真通读所有题目理解题意，抓住关键词，再带着问题及关键词仔细地阅读有关内容，认真地思
考组织答案。比如本篇第3题关键词为system、average sports enthusiasts (普通运动爱好者)，带着关键词，
找到相关信息在最后一段，有同义词及短语AI.. technology 、average gymgoers,答案即在本段中寻找。
这是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了在星巴克如何点咖啡及有哪些注意事项。