专题03.阅读理解说明文+议论文（解析版）（第二期）_英语(2)_专项复习_2024年_2024届名校区域大联考英语试题精选集锦_资料_1-资料

2024 届名校区域大联考高三英语试题精选集锦（第二期）
专题 03： 阅读理解说明文+议论文
编者按：
遴选全国各地最新区域大联考试题，精心编辑，排版整齐。
目 录
1.【浙江强基联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期10月统测英语试题】
2.【2024届江苏广东福建高三金太阳10月大联考试题】
3.【安徽皖江名校联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期10月阶段考试英语试题】
4.【湖北省腾云联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期10月联考英语试题】
5.【湖南省名校联考联合体2023-2024学年高三上学期第三次联考英语试题】
6.【河南省TOP二十名校2023-2024学年高三上学期调研考试英语试题】
7.【福建省莆田二中、仙游一中2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次联考（期中）英语试题】
8.【江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三上学期10月大联考英语试题】
9.【重庆市七校2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题】
10.【2024届“皖南八校”高三第一次大联考高三英语试卷.】
11.【浙江省新阵地教育联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期第二次联考英语试题】
12.【广东省2023-2024学年高三上学期10月大联考英语试题】
13.【云南省部分名校2023-2024学年高三上学期10月联考英语试题】
14.【河北省新时代NT教育2023-2024学年高三阶段测试英语试题】
15.【辽宁省重点高中沈阳市郊联体2023-2024学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题】1.【浙江强基联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期10月统测英语试题】
C
Including a joke in the title of a paper could pay off in terms of citations (引用), according to a study.
The finding — which has not been proved by peers — suggests that researchers could gain citations by giving
their papers amusing titles while some say the evidence is too weak to support the conclusion.
Jokes sometimes find their way into academic papers. “One place where we often see humor is in titles,
but there’s a very small amount of literature about whether this is reasonable,” says lead author Stephen
Heard, an evolutionary ecologist.
To investigate whether having a funny title could boost a paper’s readership and citations, Heard and his
colleagues asked volunteers to score the titles of 2,439 papers according to how amusing they were. The
scorers assessed humor on a seven-point scale, from zero (serious titles) to six (extremely funny). The
researchers then looked for a link between papers’ humor scores and the number of citations they had
received, including self-citations by their own authors.
Papers with funny titles were cited slightly less often than those with more serious or straightforward
titles. However, papers with more amusing titles also tended to have fewer self-citations, which led Heard’s
team to infer that scientists might give funnier titles to less important papers. “Our assumption is that authors
don’t cite their own papers subsequently because they don’t think that those are their most important papers,”
Heard says.
After controlling for self-citations as a measure of a paper’s importance, the researchers found that
articles with funny titles are in fact cited more than those with serious titles. For example, papers with titles
that got a score of six had nearly twice as many citations on average as those whose titles got a humor score of
four. But some researchers argued that self-citations might not be a good criterion for a paper’s importance.
8. The finding of the study can be best described as _________ according to the first paragraph.
A. a widely accepted belief. B. something surprising.
C. a wholly resisted opinion. D. something still in debate.
9. How did the researchers carry out the first stage of the study?
A. By enquiring about volunteers’ attitudes toward funny titles.
B. By asking participants to divide those titles into seven ranks.
C. By matching the papers’ scores with the volunteers’ likes.
D. By digitalizing the citations into various scores of humor.
10. Which of the following statements will Heard most probably agree with?
A. Including a joke in an essay is by no means a good attempt.B. Self-citations don’t serve as a good standard for the research.
C. Articles with fewer self-citations tend to be unimportant to the authors.
D. Scientists should stop their self-citations to guarantee academic fairness.
11. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. One Cites Himself: A Rise To Fame B. Funny Or Serious: It Serves Your Choice
C. Are You Joking: Funny Titles Are Good D. Joking Paper Titles: Fewer Citations Or More
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了学术论文标题中包含笑话是否会增加引用次数的一项研
究。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The finding — which has not been proved by peers — suggests that researchers
could gain citations by giving their papers amusing titles while some say the evidence is too weak to support
the conclusion.(这一尚未得到同行证实的发现表明，研究人员可以通过给论文起有趣的标题来获得引
用，而有些人则认为证据太弱，无法支持这一结论)”可知，这项研究的发现并未被同行证实，有些
同行认为证据不足，因而研究成果还存在争议。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“To investigate whether having a funny title could boost a paper’s readership and
citations, Heard and his colleagues asked volunteers to score the titles of 2,439 papers according to how
amusing they were.(为了调查一个有趣的标题是否能提高论文的读者和引用率，赫德和他的同事们让志
愿者们根据标题的有趣程度给2439篇论文的标题打分)”可知，研究者在研究的起始阶段让志愿者对
论文标题的趣味性进行评分。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, papers with more amusing titles also tended to have fewer self-
citations, which led Heard’s team to infer that scientists might give funnier titles to less important papers.(然
而，标题更有趣的论文往往也有更少的自我引用，这让赫德的团队推断，科学家可能会给不太重要的
论文起更有趣的标题)”可知，Heard的团队推断，科学家可能会给不太重要的论文起更有趣的标题，
因为这些论文的自我引用次数较少。由此推知，Heard可能会同意自我引用次数较少的文章对作者来
说可能不太重要。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Including a joke in the title of a paper could pay off in terms of citations (引用),
according to a study.(根据一项研究，在论文标题中加入一个笑话可以在引用方面获得回报)”及全文可知，文章主要讨论了一项研究，该研究发现，带有趣标题的论文在控制了自我引用次数后，实际上被
引用的次数更多。由此可知，D 项“Joking Paper Titles: Fewer Citations Or More(戏谑的的论文标题：
引用少还是多)”能概括文章的整体内容，适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
D
Expecting the worst to avoid feeling bad later is known as “bracing”. It may help them prepare for
emotionally challenging situations, particularly in the moments before these situations occur. People brace for
the worst while waiting for potentially negative outcomes. Someone might also brace for the worst in
anticipation of stressful events like giving a presentation at work.
Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help. For example, “decision affect theory”
proposes that how we feel about a situation is determined partly by comparing what actually happened with
what could have happened. Based on this, people should be happy when an event goes beyond their
expectations, and disappointed when an event falls behind. Therefore, by anticipating the worst, one can
safeguard themselves against future disappointment, as any result is likely to surpass their expectations.
But other psychological theories undermine the idea that bracing will be helpful. It has been theorized
and scientifically established – that expectations can powerfully influence reality. There are two key ways that
expectations can shape reality.
First, people may behave in ways that fit with their expectations. If you expect to fail an upcoming test or
interview, then you might not invest efforts in preparation, which in turn reduces your chances of doing well.
Second, people may interpret a situation in line with their expectations. Imagine you believe you are
insufficiently qualified for a job you’ve applied for. During the job interview, you’re likely to interpret blank
expressions from the interviewer in line with this belief, which could negatively affect your performance. In
fact, the interviewer did not want to give anything away.
Drawing together the scientific studies, it seems that expecting the worst is anything but a wise way to
prepare for upcoming news or results. It might be better to hold positive expectations than to brace for the
worst.
12. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The logic of preparing for the worst.
B. The theory of comparing past and future.
C. The conflict between people’s expectation and reality.
D. The emotions hidden behind anticipating the worst.
13. What does the underlined word “undermine” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Strengthen. B. Determine. C. Oppose. D. Justify.14. How can negative expectations probably affect people’s performance in reality?
A. By resulting in unnecessary time waste.
B. By promoting people’s ambition and motivation.
C. By giving weight to people’s potential of excellence.
D. By causing less preparation and some misinterpretations.
15. What is the author’s attitude toward bracing for the worst?
A. Unclear. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Approving.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了人们对未来可能发生的负面情况进行预期的行为，即“做最
坏打算”的心理学概念，探讨了相关的理论和研究，并认为持有积极的期望可能比预期最坏情况更加
有益。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help. For example,
“decision affect theory” proposes that how we feel about a situation is determined partly by comparing what
actually happened with what could have happened. Based on this, people should be happy when an event goes
beyond their expectations, and disappointed when an event falls behind. Therefore, by anticipating the worst,
one can safeguard themselves against future disappointment, as any result is likely to surpass their
expectations.”（一些心理学理论认为，支撑应该有所帮助。例如，“决策影响理论”提出，我们对一
种情况的感受在一定程度上是由实际发生的事情与可能发生的事情的比较决定的。基于此，当一件事
超出预期时，人们应该感到高兴，当一件事落后时，人们应该感到失望。因此，通过做最坏的打算，
人们可以保护自己免受未来的失望，因为任何结果都可能超过他们的预期。）可知，第二段主要讲的
是做最坏打算的逻辑。故选A项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help.”（一些心理
学理论认为，支撑应该有所帮助。）以及第三段“It has been theorized and scientifically established –
that expectations can powerfully influence reality.”（期望能有力地影响现实，这已被理论化和科学地证
实。）可推断出此处表示意思的转折，即其他心理学理论“颠覆”（反对）这种看法，故可猜测划线
单词undermine为“反对”的意思，与C项Oppose“反对”意思一致。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“If you expect to fail an upcoming test or interview, then you might not invest
efforts in preparation, which in turn reduces your chances of doing well. Second, people may interpret asituation in line with their expectations. Imagine you believe you are insufficiently qualified for a job you’ve
applied for. During the job interview, you’re likely to interpret blank expressions from the interviewer in line
with this belief, which could negatively affect your performance.”（如果你认为自己在即将到来的考试或
面试中会不及格，那么你可能就不会在准备工作上投入精力，这反过来又会降低你取得好成绩的机会。
其次，人们可能会根据自己的期望来解释情况。假设你认为自己不足以胜任你所申请的工作。在求职
面试中，你很可能会把面试官的茫然表情理解为与这种想法一致，这可能会对你的表现产生负面影
响。）可知，消极预期通过减少准备和一些误解来影响人们在现实中的表现。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Drawing together the scientific studies, it seems that expecting the worst is
anything but a wise way to prepare for upcoming news or results. It might be better to hold positive
expectations than to brace for the worst.”（综合这些科学研究，似乎做最坏的打算绝不是为即将到来的
新闻或结果做准备的明智方式。与其做最坏的打算，不如保持积极的预期。）可推知，作者认为做最
坏的打算，不如保持积极的预期，作者对做最坏的打算持有反对态度。故选C项。
2.【2024届江苏广东福建高三金太阳10月大联考试题】
C
I am a professor of clinical psychology. Some time ago, I got halfway through a day of teaching before a
co-worker pointed out to me I was quite careless ly wearing a different pair of shoes, one red and one black. I
felt so embarrassed and upset but I would have to go teach my course like this. When I noticed how much I
wanted to disappear and avoid this situation, I was determined to face it instead. I walked into class and
announced to the students that I was wearing two shoes from different pairs, and directed their attention to my
feet. Everyone laughed and we went on with class. Years later, a student in that class told me that this was the
moment she first thought that maybe, just maybe, she could be a professor, too.
I shared my mistake because I realized that trying to hide it was interfering with my ability to
concentrate my mind on my teaching—but I had no idea that it would also help shorten the psychological
distance between my students and myself.
Many contexts may punish or shame people for making mistakes. Our efforts to avoid them result from
our desires for success, and how others will respond to our mistakes. We might feel self-criticism and shame if
we do make some.
However, mistake-making is part of learning new things, and it can draw us closer to others. It opens up
the possibility of accepting mistakes gladly, letting us be more open and engaged in what we are doing.We can say words of kindness and self-compassion to ourselves: Mistakes are natural and human; we
can be kind to ourselves for this error and still try to do better next time; noticing our own imperfections can
help us to be kind to others when we notice they are imperfect, too. When we practice our mistakes in this
way, they can become opportunities to open up to others, learn about ourselves, and connect even more with
what matters to us.
28. How does the author develop paragraph 1?
A. By giving some examples. B. By sharing personal experience.
C. By doing scientific experiments. D. By following time order.
29. Which word best describes the result of the author sharing his mistake?
A. Shameful. B. Unexpected. C. Punishable. D. Unaccepted.
30. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A. Intentions to avoid mistakes. B. Advantages of making mistakes.
C. Possibilities of making mistakes. D. Efforts to avoid making mistakes.
31. What can we know about mistakes from the last paragraph?
A. They interfere with what we are doing. B. They draw too much attention from us.
C. They make us feel irresponsible and defeated. D. They are big opportunities to get us improved.
28-31 BBAD
C篇 本篇文章主要讲述了作者分享自己犯错误的经历，并强调了错误是学习和与他人建立联系的机
会。作者鼓励我们对待错误时要善待自己，学会从错误中成长，与他人更加接近，并实现自我提升和
改善。
第28题 B 作者通过分享自己的个人经历来发展第一段。他描述了自己在上课时不小心穿不同颜色的
鞋子，以及面对这个错误时的尴尬和困扰。
第29题 B 作者分享错误后，导致与学生之间的心理距离缩短，学生们笑了起来。这个结果是出乎意
料的，因为作者最初可能预料不到这个错误会产生这样的效果。
第30题 A 根据第三段的内容，它主要告诉我们努力避免犯错误的意图。该段提到了我们试图避免犯
错误的原因，包括对成功的渴望以及他人对我们错误的反应。因此，正确答案是 D. Efforts to avoid
making mistakes.
第31题 D 最后一段告诉我们，当我们善待自己的错误并试图做得更好时，错误可以成为与他人打开
心扉、了解自己以及更加关注自己关心的事情的机会。这表明错误是促使我们进步的重要机会。
DClockmaking is a traditional craft which involves the building and repair of clocks. But it is now on the
red list drawn up by the Heritage Crafts Association(HCA), which has warned that more specialists are
retiring than entering the profession.
David Poole, a former master, said,“The shortage of clockmakers is a problem. Whereas there used to be
clockmakers on the high street, a cl ock repair shop is a rare sight today. People will find it extremely difficult
to identify anyone to repair their clocks.”
There are only about 250 makers and repairers left across Britain, according to HCA's research. When
specialists are near retirement, they often cannot afford to take on apprentices (学徒) as happened in the past.
Besides, it is feared that the few training courses that have survived will not fill the gaps.
Howard Walwyn,a leading dealer in Kensington, warned that, if expertise in repairing is lost, clocks will
become inanimate objects rather than living things, adding,“Most clockmakers have fiddled with(捣鼓) clocks
as kids, taking them apart, and trying to get them to work. The problem is that young kids now are spending
all their time in front of screens and show little interest in clockmaking. I've got some younger clockmakers,
but they're few and far between.”
“There are also concerns that too many clockmakers are prepared to use modern mechanical solutions to
make a clock work, even if those solutions are aesthetically(审美地) wrong,” said Jonathan Betts, an adviser
to the National Trust. He added,“Museum collections andmore sensitive private collectors would much rather
not have a clock cleaned so it looks brand new, but an awful lot of restorers reject that.”Mr Poole, who
became a clockmaker in the 1990s, said,“There are few people coming into the business. Most people who are
in it are edging towards retirement, as am I. If people aren't skilled, all those lovely things won't be looked
after properly.”
32. What does the underlined phrase“on the red list”in paragraph 1 mean?
A. On top of standard. B. At risk of extinction.
C. In response to demand. D. In need of improvement.
33. What belongs to a traditional practice in the clockmaking field?
A. Its pairing each apprentice with a specialist.
B. Its tailoring training programs for apprentices.
C. Its bringing in new blood by employing apprentices.
D. Its postponing experienced specialists' retirement age.
34. What prevents young kids from being clockmakers according to Howard Walwyn?
A. A relatively low salary. B. The tough employment environment.
C. A limited number of training courses. D. The lack of interest in clockmaking.35. What is Jonathan Betts' concern?
A. Many repairers adopt modern methods in clockmaking.
B. Many restorers are incapable of fixing mechanical clocks.
C. Private collectors show no interest in traditional techniques.
D. Museums refuse to include cleaned clocks in their collections.
32-35 BCDA
D篇 本篇介绍传统钟表制作工艺以及传承现状。如今钟表匠短缺，而且年轻人对此兴趣不大，找
不到传承人。此外，一些钟表匠人的技术过于现代，或许并不符合钟表的美学。
第 32 题 B 答 案 在 第 一 段 ： But it is now on the red list drawn up by the Heritage Crafts
Association(HCA), which has warned that more specialists are retiring than entering the profession.该协会警
告说，退休的专业人员多于入行的人员。说明现在钟表匠越来越少了，也意味着掌握钟表制作技术的
人越来越少了。故选B。
第 33 题 C 答案在第二段：When specialists are near retirement, they often cannot afford to take on
apprentices as happened in the past. 当专业人员临近退休时，他们往往无力像过去那样招收学徒。说明
招收学徒是钟表制作工艺中的一种传统的继承方式，故选C。
第34题 D 答案在第四段： The problem is that young kids now are spending all their time in front of
screens and show little interest in clock making.现在的问题是，年轻的孩子们把所有时间都花在了屏幕
前，对钟表制作兴趣不大。根据Howard Walwyn的描述，现在的年轻人对钟表制作的兴趣不大。故选
D。
第35题 A 答案在最后一段Jonathan Betts的描述：“There are also concerns that too many clockmakers
are prepared to use modern mechanical solutions to make a clock work, even if those solutions are
aesthetically wrong,” 钟表匠用现代方法制作时钟，并不合适。故选A。
3.【安徽皖江名校联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期10月阶段考试英语试题】
C
Body language is an essential part of communication and can be just as important as our spoken language
exchanges. Body language can be both conscious or unconscious actions, so it is important to make sure your
body is sending the same messages as your words to ensure good communication. These actions can
strengthen the verbal (口头的) messages you’re sending or it can lead to mistrust or confusion —
signs of poor communication and misunderstanding.
Body language can make interacting with others and expressing yourself much easier, but it can also
introduce new challenges. Some nonverbal signs unintentionally communicate parts of ourselves that we don’t
want others to know. For example, bad posture or fidgeting (坐立不安) may communicate lack ofconfidence, something we may not intend for others to know about us. But body language can strengthen our
verbal messages and solidify what we are telling others. Facing someone with eye contact or taking notes
while someone is speaking can communicate genuine interest. Without these signs, teachers may not be able
to assess a student’s understanding.
When you’re speaking sincerely, it’s natural for your body language to respond to your words through
gestures or facial expressions. We also use gestures in conversations to tell stories or describe objects, often
using hand signals to show how big or small something is. These are largely unconscious, naturally occurring
forms of body language.
It can be difficult to communicate confidence in your actions when you may not feel it internally. When
you display confident body language, such as good posture or eye-contact, even if you’re making a conscious
effort, studies have shown that it can lead to feeling more confident. When speaking to others, practice
controlling impulses to fidget and planting your feet confidently to increase self-esteem.
28. What would your body language tell if it can’t go with your speech?
A. A probable disbelief. B. True meaning behind words.
C. An unclear condition. D. A dull speech.
29. Why does the author give some examples in paragraph 2?
A. To show body language can help us all the time.
B. To tell body language can show the true side of us.
C. To explain how challenging it is to read body language.
D. To tell teachers how to assess a student’s understanding.
30. What does the author intend to tell in the last two paragraphs?
A. Hand signals are essential ways to make ourselves understood.
B. Naturally occurring forms of body language makes us confident.
C. Proper body language can help us a lot in gaining confidence.
D. When speaking to others, try your best to hide your body language.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Knowing Your Friends with Body Language
B. Understanding Others by Body Language
C. Being Smart in Showing Your Body Language
D. Helping Communicate with Body Language
本文是说明文。全文说明身势语在我们生活中的作用。
28. A 细节理解题。从第一段 These actions can strengthen the verbal(口头的) messages you’re
sending or it can lead to mistrust or confusion—signs of poor communication and misunderstanding.
可知，如果身势语与我们语言不一致，就有可能传递不信任或者困惑的信息。
29. B推理判断题。从第二段 Some nonverbal signs unintentionally communicate parts of ourselves
that we don’t want others to know. 可以推断出，作者举例说明有些非语言性的符号能展现真实的一
面。
30. C推理判断题。从最后两段作者讲述的合适的身势语能让我们展现自信的一面可推断，合适的身体语言能在自信中帮助我们。
31. D主旨大意题。全文讲述了身体语言在帮助我们沟通上的作用。
D
Who first proposed the holiday for workers? It’s not entirely clear, but two workers can make a solid
claim to the Founder of Labor Day title.
Some records show that in 1882, Peter J. McGuire, general secretary of the Brotherhood of Carpenters
and Joiners and a co-founder of the American Federation of Labor, suggested setting aside a day for a “general
holiday for the laboring classes”. But many believe that machinist Matthew Maguire, not Peter McGuire,
founded the holiday.
The first Labor Day holiday was celebrated on Tuesday, September 5, 1882, in New York City, in
accordance with the plans of the Central Labor Union. The Central Labor Union held its second Labor Day
holiday just a year later, on September 5, 1883. By 1894, 23 more states had adopted the holiday, and on June
28, 1894, President Grover Cleveland signed a law making the first Monday in September of each year a
national holiday.
Many Americans celebrate Labor Day with parades (游行), picnics and parties — festivities very
similar to those outlined by the first proposal for a holiday, which suggested that the day should be observed
with a street parade to exhibit “the strength and spirits of the trade and labor organizations” of the community,
followed by a festival for the recreation and amusement of the workers and their families. This became the
pattern for the celebrations of Labor Day.
Speeches by important official men and women were introduced later, as more emphasis was placed
upon the economic and civil significance of the holiday. Still later, by a resolution of the American Federation
of Labor convention of 1909,the Sunday before Labor Day was adopted as Labor Sunday and
dedicated to (致力于) the spiritual and educational aspects of the labor movement.
American labor has raised the nation’s standard of living and contributed to the greatest production the
world has ever known and the labor movement has brought us closer to the realization of our traditional ideals
of economic and political democracy.
32. What can we know from paragraph 2?
A. People’s views about the founder of Labor Day vary.
B. The author considered Matthew Maguire the founder.
C. Peter J. McGuire wanted to set a few days for a holiday.
D. Labor Day was originally set up for American machinists.
33. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A. The real meaning of Labor DayB. The development of Labor Day
C. The reason of setting Labor Day D. People’s emphasis on Labor Day
34. What does the underlined word “festivities” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Manners B. Approaches C. Rewards D. Celebrations
35. Which of the following does the author agree with?
A. It is known that America develops very fast.
B. The original meaning of Labor Day changesC. It is worthwhile to set a day for the laborer
D. The labor movement makes the life unsteady
本文是说明文。全文介绍了美国劳动节的由来，以及劳动节的巨大意义。
32. A细节理解题。从第二段Some records show that in 1882, Peter J. MeGuire…But many believe
that machinis
Matthew Maguire…可知，人们对于谁建立了劳动节说法不一。
33. B主旨大意题。第三段从第一次建立劳动节开始，一直讲述到1894年官方确立劳动节，因此全段
讲述了劳动节的发展历程。
34. D词义理解题。根据 parades(游行), picnics and parties 以及后面的 observed 可知，festivities在
这里是“庆祝活动”的意思。
35. C推理判断题。最后两段讲述人们对劳动节的重视程度日益加深，劳动者在提高人们生活水平方
面起到了重要作用，因此可以推断，作者在最后两段强调为劳动者建立节日是非常值得的。
4.【湖北省腾云联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期10月联考英语试题】
C
If you’ve ever driven across the United States of America, you have passed beneath the wings of a
courageous songbird — smaller than your palm, light as your change pocket, feathered in bright blue and
yellowish-brown — called the cliff swallow (崖燕). Where other animals flee the human footprint, cliff
swallows don’t. They should properly be called the bridge swallow, for our steel spans have furnished it with
more nesting sites. Once a bird of the western mountains, in the last century cliff swallows have spread onto
the Great Plains and across them, making their mud nests under bridges, works of birds’ engineering no less
impressive than our own.
For the last four decades Brown has paid annual visits to more than two hundred nesting sites in
Nebraska, trying to figure out what makes swallow societies success or fail. “Ninety-eight percent of cliff
swallows in western Nebraska,” Brown said; “are within fifty feet of a road.”
Near a road, of course, is the most dangerous place an animal can live. When Brown began studying
swallows in the 1980s, he often picked up dead swallows on the roads, wings broken and heads crushed (压变
形). However, Brown found swallow roadkill had been decreasing. By 2011 it had dropped to four. Somehow
swallows had become harder to kill.
He found his answer. When he stretched a tape measure from the birds’ shoulders to their outermost
feathers, he found car struck swallows had longer wings than the average bird he caught in his nets. Brown
immediately understood the significance. Traffic was weeding slower long-winged swallows from thepopulation and favoring the quicker, short-winged ones -Darwinian selection in action.
“Centuries ago ... cliff swallows had existed largely beyond human influence; now they were so involved
in our world that our infrastructure (基础设施) had influenced their DNA,” Brown said. Cliff swallows were
rare winners of concrete and steel. Yet their success had come at a cost — to the long-winged swallows erased
from the population and to the birds’ altered genes themselves. They had been shaped by the road.
8. What is special about cliff swallows?
A. They flee steel and concrete. B. They are good at social engineering.
C. They take on colors of the background. D. They take advantage of human footprint.
9. What leads to cliff swallows’ survival from the roadkill?
A. Human aid. B. Traffic control.
C. Natural selection. D. Infrastructure improvement.
10. What did cliff swallows’ success cost them?
A. Habitat loss. B. Genetic abnormalities.
C. Dramatic declines in population. D. Removal of a genetic characteristic.
11. The text is most likely taken from a book about ________.
A. road ecology B. DNA profiling
C. urban development D. biological diversity
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一本书 的节选，为说明文。文章介绍了人类的道路设施改变了崖燕的筑巢地点，进而
改变了其基因。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Where other animals flee the human footprint, cliff swallows don’t. They
should properly be called the bridge swallow, for our steel spans have furnished it with more nesting sites.(其
他动物会逃离人类的足迹，崖燕却不会。它们应该被恰当地称为桥燕，因为我们的钢桥为它们提供了
更多的筑巢地点)”可知，和其他动物远离人类足迹不同，崖燕利用人类的设施建筑巢穴。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三、四段中整体内容可判断，被车撞死的崖燕逐渐减少，是因为移动不够敏捷的
长羽崖燕被慢慢淘汰，由此可知，是自然抉择使得崖燕这个族群可以幸存下来。第四段的最后一句
“Traffic was weeding slower long-winged swallows from the population and favoring the quicker, short-
winged ones -Darwinian selection in action.(交通拥堵使速度较慢的长羽崖燕从种群中消失，而青睐速度
较快的短羽崖燕——达尔文选择在起作用)”也是明证。故选 C。【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yet their success had come at a cost — to the long-winged swallows erased
from the population and to the birds’ altered genes themselves.(然而，它们的成功是有代价的——长羽崖
燕从种群中消失，它们的基因也发生了改变)”可知，长羽崖燕在种群适者生存的过程中消失了，从而
也导致这种遗传特征在种群中不复存在。故选 D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。文章讲述了崖燕改变筑巢地点后，从道路的牺牲者，到为了适应新的生存环境族群产生
基因改变，可知本文很可能是选自有关道路生态的一本书籍。道路生态学是研究道路对生态系统的影
响的科学。故选 A。
D
Since 1992, people have been talking about “Dunbar’s number,” the supposed upper limit of the number
of people with whom a person can maintain stable social relationships. Named for British scientist Robin
Dunbar, its value, rounded from 148 to 150, has permeated both professional and popular culture.
The Swedish taxation authority keeps offices under 150 people as a result of it, and the standard facilities
of the W. L. Gore and Associates company are based around the concept. Dunbar’s number was cited in the
bestselling book Tipping Point, and it also has a fair amount of academic influence.
Despite its fame, Dunbar’s number is probably wrong, according to a new study.
Less well known than the value of Dunbar’s number is how he came up with it. The value of 150 is
determined by looking at the ratio(比率) between the size of a certain part of the primate(灵长类动物) brain
and the average size of groups they form. These ratios were then applied to data on the human brain, and the
average value of roughly 150 relationships was determined.
In the new study, the researchers did similar calculations but with updated information on the size of
monkey brains and social networks. When the researchers applied Dunbar’s exact same methods to their new
data, they got a 95% confidence interval(置信区间) between roughly 5 and 292 people. This is far too wide a
range to be of any use.
Additionally, the researchers noted the fact that human brains often work differently than those of our
nearest cousins, as evidenced by our ability to create things. The idea that we would process social
information exactly like other primates do is a bold and largely unsupported claim.
So, is there a new Dunbar number? Well, this isn’t the point of this study. The researchers end their paper
with: “It is our hope that this study will put an end to the use of ‘Dunbar’s number’ within science and in
popular media.”
12. What does the underlined word “permeated” in paragraph 1 mean?A. Well preserved. B. Deeply affected.
C. Depended heavily on. D. Take full advantage of.
13. How does the author clarify his point in paragraph 2?
A. By giving examples. B. By extending definitions.
C. By drawing comparisons. D. By making classifications.
14. Why did the researchers dismiss the idea of Dunbar’s number?
A. The samples were too small to be of any use.
B. Dunbar’s number has always been the subject of debate.
C. The calculation leading to Dunbar’s number is too complex.
D. The ratio from primates could not be carried over to humans.
15. What might be the purpose of the new study?
A. To replace Dunbar’s number.
B. To offer Dunbar’s number new evidence.
C. To stop the spreading of Dunbar’s number.
D. To find new applications of Dunbar’s number.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了邓巴数的影响以及一项新研究对邓巴数的质疑。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The Swedish taxation authority keeps offices under 150 people as a result of
it, and the standard facilities of the W. L. Gore and Associates company are based around the concept.
Dunbar’s number was cited in the bestselling book Tipping Point, and it also has a fair amount of academic
influence.(因此，瑞典税务当局将办公室控制在150人以下，戈尔公司的标准设施也是基于这一概念。
邓巴的数字被引用在畅销书《引爆点》中，它也有相当大的学术影响力。)”可知，第二段中通过列举
各种例子在各个行业和职业中产生的巨大影响。由此推断permeated 是“极大影响着”的意思。故选
B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“The Swedish taxation authority keeps offices under 150 people as a result of
it, and the standard facilities of the W. L. Gore and Associates company are based around the concept.
Dunbar’s number was cited in the bestselling book Tipping Point, and it also has a fair amount of academic
influence.(因此，瑞典税务当局将办公室控制在150人以下，戈尔公司的标准设施也是基于这一概念。
邓巴的数字被引用在畅销书《引爆点》中，它也有相当大的学术影响力。)”可知，第二段中列举了许多例子来证明邓巴数对社会的巨大影响，所以这一段作者使用了举例子的方式来推进文章。故选 A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“The idea that we would process social information exactly like
other primates do is a bold and largely unsupported claim.(认为我们会像其他灵长类动物一样处理社会信
息的想法是一个大胆且基本上没有证据支持的说法。)”可知，人与猿类处理社交信息的方式不一样，
因而从灵长类动物那里获得数据并不适应于人类即灵长类动物的这一比例不能延续到人类身上。因此
研究者们不考虑对邓巴数的使用。故选 D。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中““It is our hope that this study will put an end to the use of ‘Dunbar’s
number’ within science and in popular media.”(“我们希望这项研究能够终结‘邓巴数字’在科学界和大
众媒体中的使用。”)”可知，新研究的研究者们是希望自己的研究能够终结人们对邓巴数的使用。故
选 C。
5.【湖南省名校联考联合体2023-2024学年高三上学期第三次联考英语试题】
C
The Greek historian Herodotus reported over 2,000 years ago on a misguided experiment in which two
children were prevented from hearing human speech so that a king could discover the true, unlearned
language of human beings.
Scientists now know that human language requires social learning and interaction with other people, a
property shared with multiple animal languages. But why should humans and other animals need to learn a
language instead of being born with this knowledge?
Given that the ways honeybees communicate are quite complex, we decided to study how they learn to
communicate to answer this language question.
Bees possess one of the most complicated examples of nonhuman communication. They can tell each
other where to find resources such as food, water, or nest sites with a physical “waggle(摇摆)dance”, by
circling around in a figure eight pattern centered around a waggle run. This dance conveys the direction,
distance and quality of a resource to the bee's nestmates.
Bees begin to dance only as they get older. Could they be learning from practiced teachers?
We thus created isolated experimental colonies of bees(蜂群)that could not observe other waggle
dances before they themselves danced. Like the ancient experiment described by Herodotus, these bees could
not observe the dance language because they were all the same age and had no older, experienced bees to
follow. In contrast, our control colonies contained bees of all ages, so younger bees could follow the older,
experienced dancers.
We recorded the first dances of the bees. The bees that could not follow the dances of experienced bees
produced dances with significantly more directional, distance and disorder crrors than the dances of controlbees.
We then tested the same bees later, when they were experienced dancers. Bees who had lacked teachers
now produced significantly fewer errors, possibly because they had more practice or had learned by
eventually following other dancers. The dances of the control bees remained just as good as their first
dances.
Complex communication is often difficult to produce even when individuals are born with some
knowledge of the correct signals. Bees are born with some knowledge of how to dance, but they have to
learn how to dance even better by following experienced bees.
28. Why does the author say the experiment on the two children is a misguided experiment?
A. Language learning is a social activity. B. Language learning has changed greatly.
C. Children are born with human speech. D. Children develop differently in language.
29. What does the underlined word “isolated” in paragraph 6 indicate?
A. Old bees could not produce waggle dances. B. Old bees could not observe waggle dances.
C. Young bees were separated from older ones. D. Young bees could follow experienced bees.
30. What do we know about the bees whose dances remained as good as their first dances?
A. They had little practice in waggle dances.
B. They had learned waggle dances without teachers.
C. They were experienced in teaching waggle dances.
D. They had learned waggle dances before their first dances.
31. What does the last paragraph serve as?
A. A guide to complex communication. B. An answer to why language should be learned.
C. An example of nonhuman communication. D. A proof that bees are born with some knowledge.
28.A。根据“Scientists now know that human language requires social learning and interaction with
other people'”可a确定答案。
29.C. “these bees could not observe the dance language because they were all the same age and
had no older, experienced bees to follow”可确定答案。
30.D。提问中的蜜蜂属于研究中的对照蜂群(control bees).。根据“In contrast, our control colonies
contained bees of all ages, so younger bees could follow the older, experienced dancers. ”可确定答
案。
3l.B。短文第二段引出该研究提出的问题：But why should humans and other animals need to learn
a language instead of being born with this knowledge? 接下来的段落为对蜂群进行研究的过程。结
尾段则为该研究提出的问题的答案：人类和动物并非生来就完全具有能进行复杂的语言交际活动的知
识和能力，必须通过后天的学习得以完善。
D
When I was 15 or 16 years old, I used to enjoy staring out of my bedroom window at night, at the sky
and other houses. After a few minutes of focused attention, I would always reach a point where my visionshifted. The clouds would suddenly look different, stranger and more real. They weren't “clouds” anymore,
but different magical animal shapes that moved through space. The houses weren't “houses” anymore-they
were strange geometric structures made up of jigsaw(拼图)patterns of bricks.
It's difficult to describe the shift in my vision, but it always felt exciting, as if I was seeing through to
the heart of things, beneath a layer of familiarity.
In most situations, our perception is automatic. We see the familiar world, surrounded by objects and
phenomena that we perceived thousands of times before and don't pay real attention to. In addition, we
perceive the world through filters(过滤器)of concepts. We have a conceptual label (or name) for everything
we see. We label floating shapes in the sky as clouds; we label a masive variety of natural forms with
spreading roots and branches as trees. Through filters of familiarity and concepts, our perception of the world
is like a faded black-and-white image compared to a three-dimensional colour image.
This is why it always makes sense to side-step our normal familiar perception and perceive the world
with fresh vision, free of concepts and expectations, looking at objects as if they had never been seen
before, or as if they were other things.
We can see this in great artists. They go beyond familiarity and find a new way of seeing things.
Familiar everyday objects like fruit and flowers and bottles are filled with freshness and beauty in the great
still-life paintings of artists like Cezanne or Matisse. To look at paintings by Vincent van Gogh, such as
Sunflowers, Irises or Van Gogh's Chair, makes you feel as if an extra dimension of reality has been revealed.
And of course, this is the reason why we love to go to art galleries to see such paintings. To look at them
is like going on vacation to a strange foreign country, a reminder of the raw beauty and wonder of the world,
hidden beneath our normal automatic vision.
32. How did the author look out of the bedroom window?
A. With full attention. B. In a normal way.C. In astonishment.D. With great care.
33. What does the author really mean by saying “our perception is automatic” in paragraph 3?
A. We perceive the world all the time. B. We tend to look at things without thinking.
C. We have the ability to perceive the world.D. We are familiar with the world around us.
34. Why are great artists mentioned in the text?
A. To introduce new ways to create art. B. To show how real beauty is created.
C. To support what the author advocates. D. To argue for what the author did as a teenager.
35. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Creating a New World through Art B. Looking at the World with New Eyes
C. Appreciating the Beauty of Every Day D. Experiencing Life in Unfamiliar Environments
32,A。根据“After a few minutes of focused attention” 可确定答案。
33.B。automatic:不假思索的；无意识的(done or happening without thinking)。“our perception is
automatic”是对本段内容的概括，是本段的主题句。本段叙述我们感知熟悉的事物时对它们已有一个
概念性的标签，形成了一种思维定势。我们对这些事物的感知是不假思索的。
34.C。短文第四段中的“to side-step our normal familiar perception and perceive the world with
fresh vision, free of concepts and expectations, looking at objects as if they had never been seenbefore, or as if they were other things”为作者所倡导的内容，属于一种论点。第五、六段以“We
can see this in great artists.”引出其论据，介绍大师们在这方面的成就，以支持其论点。
35.B。短文第四段呈现了本文的主题：用一种新眼光看熟悉的事物。围绕这个主题，第一、二段叙述
作者青少年时在这方面的经历：第三段说明用老眼光看事物的弊病；第五、六段介绍一些大师级画家
们能突破老眼光的束缚，用一种新的眼光观察事物，创作出了与众不同的经典作品。
6.【河南省TOP二十名校2023-2024学年高三上学期调研考试英语试题】
C
New discoveries and technological breakthroughs are made every year. Yet, as the information industry
moves forward, many people in society are looking back to their roots in terms of the way they eat. A
“locavore” movement has emerged in the United States. The movement supports eating foods grown locally
and sustainably, rather than prepackaged foods shipped from other parts of the world.
Experts hold that eating local has many merits, and is expected to become a trend featuring
sustainability. Erin Barnett is the director of Local Harvest, a company that aims to help connect people to
farms in their area. By eating local, she argues, people have a better and more personal understanding of the
impact their food consumption has on the rest of the world. “There is a way of connecting the point, where
eating locally is an act that raises our awareness of sustainable living,” Barnett says.
The United States’ agricultural output is one of the highest in the world, says Timothy Beach, a professor
of geography and geoscience at the University of Texas in Austin, Texas. “There’s just no other place on Earth
where the amount of input is so productive,” Beach says of American agriculture. “Nobody can cut off the
food we need.”
However, the US food system is not sustainable because of its dependency on fossil(化石) fuels, says
Beach. Equipment used on “extremely productive”, farms is quickly consuming Earth’s natural resources,
particularly oil. Additionally, the production of agricultural supplements(补充剂), such as fertilizer, uses large
amounts of energy.
The world has used close to half of the global oil supply, Beach says, and the second half will be
consumed at an even faster rate because of growing population and economic development. Although many
businesses are experimenting with wind, solar, and biofuel, Beach says there’s nothing that we see on the
horizon that can replace it. “There is no way on Earth we are using fossil fuels sustainably. Then we have to
reconsider the impact of eating local,” he says.
8. What does the underlined word “merits” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Aspects. B. Advantages. C. Challenges. D. Explanations.
9. What’s the weakness of the agriculture in the United States?
A. It consumes too many natural resources.
B. It has a relatively low agricultural output.
C. Large equipment is not widely employed.
D. Agricultural supplements aren’t available.
10. What’s Beach’s view on natural resources?
A. Dependency on oil is and will be a big issue.
B. People will use less and less oil in the future.
C. The use of fossil fuels features sustainability.
D. There are better replacements for fossil fuels.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Scientific Ways to Eat Local B. Is Eating Local Sustainable?
C. Efforts to Promote Local Foods D. Are Local Foods Enough?
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着信息产业的发展，美国却兴起了“土食者”运动，该运动支持食用
在本土以可持续方式种植的食物，从而提高人们对可持续生活的意识。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中 的“By eating local, she argues, people have a better and more personal
understanding of the impact their food consumption has on the rest of the world.(她认为，通过食用本地食
品，人们对自己的食品消费对世界其他地区的影响有了更好、更深刻的了解。)”和“There is a way of
connecting the point, where eating locally is an act that raises our awareness of sustainable living(有一种方法
可以将这一点联系起来，在这一点中本地饮食是一种提高我们可持续生活意识的行为)”可知，食用本
地食品可以让人们更好地了解自己的食品消费所带来的影响，还能够帮助提高人们对可持续生活的意
识，由此可推测出，食用本地食品有许多好处。merit意为“优点”，与B项“好处”意思最为接近。
故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Equipment used on ‘extremely productive’ farms is quickly consuming
Earth’s natural resources, particularly oil.(在‘极其高产的’农场上所使用的设备正在迅速消耗地球的自
然资源，特别是石油。)”可知，美国的农业的弱点是消耗了太多自然资源。故选A。
【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The world has used close to half of the global oil supply, Beach says,
and the second half will be consumed at an even faster rate because of growing population and economic
development. Although many businesses are experimenting with wind, solar, and biofuel, Beach says there’s
nothing that we see on the horizon that can replace it.(Beach说，全世界已经使用了全球近一半的石油供
应，而由于人口的增长和经济的发展，下一半的石油将以更快的速度被消费。尽管许多企业都在试验
风能、太阳能和生物燃料，但Beach说，我们目前看不到任何东西可以替代它。)”可知，Beach认为
全世界已经使用了将近一半的石油，而剩下的石油将消耗得更快，石油并不是可持续的，而且目前还
没有能代替它的东西，由此可推测出，随着石油储备降低，依赖石油会成为一个大问题。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国兴起了“土食者”运动，该运动支持食用在本土以
可持续方式种植 的食物，食用本地食品可以提高人们对可持续生活的意识。再结合第二段中的
“Experts hold that eating local has many merits, and is expected to become a trend featuring sustainability.
(专家们认为，食用本地食品有许多优点，并有望成为一种可持续发展的趋势。)”可知，本文主要围绕
食用本地食品和可持续展开，B项“食用本地食品是可持续的吗？”最能概括本文。故选B。
D
An AI has designed anti-microbial (抗菌的) proteins that were then tested in real life and shown to work.
Proteins are made of chains of amino acids (氨基酸). The sequencest (序列) of those acids determine the
protein’s shape and function. Ali Madani at Profluent, a biotechnology start-up in California, and his
colleagues used an AI to design millions of new proteins, and then created a small sample of those to test
whether they worked.
The AI, called ProGen, works in a similar way to AIs that can generate text. ProGen learned how to
generate new proteins by learning the grammar of how amino acids combine to form 280 million existing
proteins. Instead of choosing a topic for the AI to write about, the researchers could specify a group of similar
proteins for it to focus on. In this case, they chose a group of proteins with anti-microbial activity.
The researchers programmed checks into the AI’s process, and they also tested a sample of the AI-
proposed molecules in real cells. Of the 100 molecules they physically created, 66 participated in chemical
reactions similar to those of natural proteins that destroy bacteria. This suggested that these new proteins
could also kill bacteria.
The researchers then imaged them with X-rays. Even though their amino acid sequences were up to 30
percent different from any existing proteins, their shapes almost matched naturally occurring proteins. James
Fraser at the University of California, San Francisco, who was part of the team, says it was not clear from thestart that the AI could work out how to change the amino acid sequence so much and still produce the correct
shape.
“A similar process could be used to create new test molecules for drug development, though they will
still have to be tested in labs, which is time-consuming,” says Madani.
12. How does ProGen produce anti-microbial proteins?
A. By following the way amino acids form proteins.
B. By combining several kinds of existing proteins.
C. By changing some materials from new medicines.
D. By mixing several current proteins with amino acids.
13. How did the researchers know AI-proposed proteins could kill bacteria?
A. They ensured they were produced in real cells.
B. They only analyzed their amino acid sequences.
C. They found they looked the same as natural ones.
D. They tested AI-proposed molecules in real cells.
14. What is James Fraser’s feeling concerning the AI’s final performance?
A. Disappointment. B. Surprise. C. Indifference. D. Guilt.
15. What do Madani’s words suggest?
A. The AI’s process may benefit the medical field.
B. AI-proposed molecules don’t require any lab tests.
C. Hope for the use of the new molecules is very slim.
D. The researchers’ efforts turn out to be a waste of time.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一款名为ProGen的人工智能工具设计出了抗菌蛋白质，这
种抗菌蛋白质在现实生活中得到了测试并证明有效。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ProGen learned how to generate new proteins by learning the grammar of
how amino acids combine to form 280 million existing proteins.(ProGen 通过学习氨基酸如何结合从而形
成2.8亿种现有蛋白质的语法，学会了如何创造新的蛋白质。)”可知，ProGen学习了氨基酸结合起来
形成蛋白质的语法，然后学会了创造新蛋白质的方法。由此可推测出，ProGen依照氨基酸形成蛋白质
的方式来创造出了抗菌蛋白质。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The researchers programmed checks into the AI’s process, and they also tested asample of the AI-proposed molecules in real cells. Of the 100 molecules they physically created, 66
participated in chemical reactions similar to those of natural proteins that destroy bacteria. This suggested that
these new proteins could also kill bacteria.(研究人员对人工智能的过程中设计了检查程序，他们还在真
实细胞中测试了人工智能设计出的分子样本。在他们根据自然规律创造的100个分子中，有66个参
与了与破坏细菌的天然蛋白质类似的化学反应。这表明这些新蛋白质也可以杀死细菌。)”可知，研究
人员通过在真实细胞中测试人工智能设计出的分子样本，发现100个分子中有66个所参与的化学反
应和能够破坏细菌的天然蛋白质类似，这表明这些新蛋白质可以杀死细菌。由此可知，这些研究人员
通过测试真实细胞中人工智能设计出的分子发现了这些蛋白质有杀菌的作用。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“James Fraser at the University of California, San Francisco, who was
part of the team, says it was not clear from the start that the AI could work out how to change the amino acid
sequence so much and still produce the correct shape.(加州大学旧金山分校的James Fraser是该团队的一
员，他表示，从一开始并不清楚这款人工智能竟然可以在如此大的程度上改变氨基酸序列并仍然产生
正确的形状。)”可知，James Fraser表示一开始并不清楚这款人工智能竟然能够让氨基酸序列发生巨大
改变并且依然最终形成正确的形状。由此可推测出，他对这款人工智能的最终表现感到非常惊讶。故
选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Madani 说的话“A similar process could be used to create new test
molecules for drug development, though they will still have to be tested in labs, which is time-consuming(类
似的过程可以用来创造新的药物开发测试分子，尽管它们仍然需要在实验室中进行测试，这很耗时)”
可知，Madani认为可以利用类似的过程来创造药物开发测试分子，而这对于医学领域来说是非常有帮
助的，由此可推测出，这款人工智能制造蛋白质的过程可能有益于医学领域。故选A。
7.【福建省莆田二中、仙游一中2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次联考（期中）英语试题】
C
Have you ever suddenly developed an appetite from a passing glance at a freeway billboard featuring a
brightly colored cheeseburger, or decided to step into a candy or ice cream store displaying a window full of
lively shades and hues (色调)of sweet treats? If so, you are in good company. Unless we are medically
restricted or strictly dieting, we are not likely to resist inviting fare simply because we recognize the lack of
nutritional value.
Devina Wadhera and Elizabeth D.Capaldi-Phillips in A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Foodrecognize the impact of sensory cues (信号)on food consumption and enjoyment, and the potential they have
to promote healthy eating behavior. They cite previous research in providing some interesting examples of the
visual impact of different color schemes (方案)on taste and food enjoyment. They note that pink food on a
white plate was considered sweeter and more flavorful than the same food on a black plate. Apparently, we
consume with more of our senses than we realize. So given the rainbow of colors around us when faced with
so many appealing food choices, is there any way to control our appetite? Thankfully, some research says yes.
Oliver Genschow demonstrated that when it comes to eating less colors impact consumption. They
specifically researched the effect of the color red. They found that people ate fewer pretzels when using a red
plate, as opposed to white or blue, and drank less from a red cup than a blue cup. They suggest that the color
red reduces food and drink intake by functioning as a stop signal.
But when it comes to healthy eating, instead of putting on a pair of sunglasses to block the inviting hues
of food cues, consider the value of discipline. Healthy eating involves intentional choices, not mindless
responses to sensory cues. And before you invest in many red tableware to slim down, remember that what
goes onto those plates is much more important.
28. What may be a major reason for us to refuse eye-catching food?
A. The shortage of nutrition. B. The rich color of fine foods.
C. The doctor’s instructions. D. Advertisements everywhere.
29. What might be dealt with in A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food?
A. Benefits of different color schemes.
B. Interesting examples of food service.
C. Potentials to promote food consumption.
D. Effects of sensory cues on eating behavior.
30. What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph?
A. Follow the sensory response. B. Make food choices sensibly.
C. Wear sunglasses to block colors. D. Avoid colorful food intentionally.
31. What is the best title for the text?
A. How People can Control Their Appetite.
B. How People are Tricked by Color Schemes.
C. How Colors Impact Food Appeal and Appetite.
D. How Bright Colors Make Food More Appealing.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. C
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。通过生动的阐述与举例，向我们分析了食物的色彩对人们进食时的食欲与
胃口有着怎样的影响，以及不同色彩间的差异。最后，作者向读者提出了一定的科学建议。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Unless we are medically restricted or strictly dieting, we are not likely to
resist inviting fare simply because we recognize the lack of nutritional value.(除非我们受到医学限制或严格
节食，否则我们不太可能仅仅因为认识到食物缺乏营养价值而拒绝品尝食物)”并结合选项推知，医生
的指导是影响我们是否摄入这些色彩艳丽食物的主要原因。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Devina Wadhera and Elizabeth D.Capaldi-Phillips in A Review of Visual
Cues Associated with Food recognize the impact of sensory cues (信号)on food consumption and enjoyment,
and the potential they have to promote healthy eating behavior. They cite previous research in providing some
interesting examples of the visual impact of different color schemes (方案)on taste and food enjoyment.
(Devina wadandra和Elizabeth D.Capaldi-Phillips在《与食物相关的视觉线索综述》中认识到感官线索
对食物消费和享受的影响，以及它们促进健康饮食行为的潜力。他们引用了以前的研究，提供了一些
有趣的例子，说明不同配色方案对味觉和食物享受的视觉影响)”可知，A Review of Visual Cues
Associated with Food探讨了感官信号会对人们的进食行为产生怎样的影响。故选D。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But when it comes to healthy eating, instead of putting on a pair of
sunglasses to block the inviting hues of food cues, consider the value of discipline. Healthy eating involves
intentional choices, not mindless responses to sensory cues. (但说到健康饮食，与其戴上一副太阳镜来阻
挡诱人的食物颜色，不如考虑一下自律的价值。健康饮食包括有意的选择，而不是对感官线索的盲目
反应)”可知，在选择健康的饮食上个人自主能动性是很重要的，要做出有意义的选择。故选B。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要分析食物的色彩对于人们进食食欲的影响。通过科学实验与理
论完成分析与阐释。故C项“颜色如何影响食物的吸引力和食欲”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选
C。
D
Lisa Gautier receives nearly a dozen parcels of human hair every day. With her San-Francisco-based non-
profit organization Matter of Trust, Gautier turns donated hair into mats used to soak up oil spills on land, and
booms(long tubes)used for spills at sea.
A standard way to clean up oil from land is to use mats made from polypropylene(聚丙烯). But
polypropylene is a non-biodegradable plastic, and producing it ultimately means more drilling for oil. Hair, bycontrast, is an environmentally friendly resource that can soak up around five times its weight in oil,
according to Matter of Trust, and it is abundant.
Oil spills can pollute drinking water, endanger public health, harm plants and wildlife, and damage the
economy. According to Gautier, the spills that hit the headlines only make up 5% of global oil pollution.
Megan Murray, an environmental biologist at the University of Technology Sydney, develops sustainable
technologies to tackle oil spills. Her research indicates that as well as being biodegradable, human hair is
often just as effective as polypropylene, and in some circumstances even better. “The hair mats are very
beneficial to land spills,” says Murray but adds that when raw oil is spilled on beach sand, it is very difficult to
absorb it using any of the materials she has tested. Another advantage of hair is that it costs less than
conventional materials and is “globally available as a recycled material,” she says.
However, Murray cautions that hair mats are not a perfect solution, because they are single-use, and can
only be dealt with by burning or by burying into soil which then isn’t suitable for growing food. She is now
researching methods to extract the oil from a used hair mat, meaning both can be reused.
As the hair mat designs aren’t under patent, other groups have begun producing their own mats and
booms. Gautier is pleased to see the movement growing. “Anyone can make a hair mat,” she says. “It creates
green jobs, it cleans water, it reduces waste in landfill, and it’s promoting renewable resources.”
32. What do we know about polypropylene according to the passage?
A. It is environmentally friendly.
B. People need more oil to produce it.
C. It can soak up around five times its weight in oil.
D. People seldom use mats made from it to clean up oil from land.
33. What does Megan Murray think of the hair mats?
A. Hair mats do no harm to soil after being burnt.
B. People spend more to make hair mats than conventional materials.
C. The effect of hair mats on terrestrial(陆地上的)spills is not very good.
D. Hair mats are not a perfect solution because they can’t be recycled now.
34. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Most oil-spill events have received widespread media coverage.
B. Lisa Gautier donated her hair to soak up oil spills on land and at sea.
C. Megan Murray goes all out to make the hair mats and the oil extracted from them reused.
D. There are many other materials used to treat oil spills on beach sand besides hair.
35. What is the best title for the text?A. Human Hair Is Being Used to Clean Up Oil Spills
B. A Perfect Recycled Material—Human Hair
C. Take Action to Make Hair Mats And Booms
D. How to Tackle Oil Spills
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了用头发制成发垫可以用于吸收陆地上的和海上的石油泄漏。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“A standard way to clean up oil from land is to use mats made from
polypropylene. But polypropylene is a non-biodegradable plastic, and producing it ultimately means more
drilling for oil.(清理陆地油污的一个标准方法是使用聚丙烯制成的垫子。但聚丙烯是一种不可生物降解
的塑料，生产它最终意味着更多的石油钻探)”可知，生产聚丙烯就意味着更多的石油钻探。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“However, Murray cautions that hair mats are not a perfect solution, because
they are single-use, and can only be dealt with by burning or by burying into soil which then isn’t suitable for
growing food. (然而，默里警告说，发垫不是完美的解决方案，因为它们是一次性使用的，只能通过焚
烧或埋进不适合种植食物的土壤中来处理)”可知，梅根·默里觉得发垫不是一个完美的解决方案，因为
它们现在无法回收。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“However, Murray cautions that hair mats are not a perfect solution, because
they are single-use, and can only be dealt with by burning or by burying into soil which then isn’t suitable for
growing food. She is now researching methods to extract the oil from a used hair mat, meaning both can be
reused.(然而，默里警告说，发垫不是完美的解决方案，因为它们是一次性使用的，只能通过焚烧或埋
进不适合种植食物的土壤中来处理。她现在正在研究从用过的发垫中提取油的方法，这意味着两者都
可以重复使用)”可知，梅根·默里竭尽全力使发垫和从中提取的油重复使用。故选C。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Lisa Gautier receives nearly a dozen parcels of human hair every day. With
her San-Francisco-based non-profit organization Matter of Trust, Gautier turns donated hair into mats used to
soak up oil spills on land, and booms(long tubes)used for spills at sea.(丽莎·戈蒂埃每天都会收到近12包人
发。戈蒂埃在她位于旧金山的非营利组织“信任之事”(Matter of Trust)中，将捐赠的头发制成垫子，
用于吸收陆地上的石油泄漏，以及用于海上泄漏的油栅(长管))”以及最后一段中“Gautier is pleased to
see the movement growing. “Anyone can make a hair mat,” she says. “It creates green jobs, it cleans water, itreduces waste in landfill, and it’s promoting renewable resources.”(戈蒂埃很高兴看到这一运动的发展。
“任何人都可以制作发垫，”她说。“它创造了绿色就业机会，它净化了水，它减少了垃圾填埋场的
垃圾，它促进了可再生资源的发展。”)”可知，本文主要讲述了人类头发可以被用来清理石油泄漏，
所以最好的标题是A.Human Hair Is Being Used to Clean Up Oil Spills(人类头发被用来清理石油泄漏)。
故选A。
8.【江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三上学期10月大联考英语试题】
C
Elon Musk has offered a prize of $100m for the best carbon capture proposal. I can save his committee a
lot of time. The money should go to Peter Wohlleben, whose book The Hidden Life of Trees was the most
encouraging blockbuster (一鸣惊人) of 2015.Wohlleben’s idea is this: do nothing about trees. Stop fiddling
(乱作为) with them, thinking that we can deal with climate change better than nature. If we fiddle, our Romes
will burn.
The Hidden Life of Trees argued that trees are social. It shows that they can be our saviours. But it’s
terribly hard to let ourselves be saved. We think we can be the authors of our salvation (拯救). Of course,
there are things we could and should be doing, but in terms of forestry practice, often what’s billed as part of
the solution is part of the problem.
Anyone who has planted a tree in their garden knows that it has a far-reaching effect — it makes your
garden cooler in summer and warmer in winter. Forests cool by transpiring (蒸发). If there’s no water, there’s
no cooling. Drought can kill trees fast, but trees have many ways of dealing with it, and Wohlleben sets them
out. As a species, we have survived many climatic changes by changing our behaviour — and that’s how trees
survive, too. Trees learn from their past harms and produce younger ones programmed with those lessons.
They regulate their growth by changing the rate at which they drip (点滴)-feed them with sugar solution
through root networks.
Deciduous (落叶的) forests in particular remove greenhouse gases effectively as long as they live. Cutthem down and burn them and you’re releasing carbon dioxide not just from the wood, but also from the
forest floor. Deciduous trees are not “harvest-ready” at 200 years: they are teenagers. We must interrogate
comforting expressions such as “renewable energy”, and learn the real cost of our toilet paper.
If we don’t learn to do nothing about trees, they will eventually be alone anyway — but without us.
Wohlleben brilliantly and readably shows us how urgent and how hard it is to do nothing.
8. What does Wohlleben suggest for carbon capture?
A. Fight climate change. B. Leave trees alone.
C. Save the earth. D. Change forestry species.
9. How do trees survive the drought?
A. They slow their growth. B. They lose all their leaves.
C. They stop absorbing water. D. They get help from humans.
10. What does the underlined word “interrogate” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Understand. B. Question.
C. Translate. D. Accept.
11. What is the text?
A. A book review. B. A science report.
C. An introduction to a writer. D. A proposal for a reward
.
【答案】8 B 9. A 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇书评。作者评论了彼得·沃勒本的书《树的隐秘生活》。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Elon Musk has offered a prize of $100m for the best carbon capture proposal.
( 埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)为最佳碳捕获方案提供了1亿美元的奖金。)”,“The money should go to Peter
Wohlleben(钱应该给彼得·沃勒本)”和“Wohlleben’s idea is this: do nothing about trees.( Wohlleben的想法
是:只有树木。)”可知，对与碳捕获，Wohlleben建议仅留下树木。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“As a species, we have survived many climatic changes by changing our
behaviour — and that’s how trees survive, too.( 作为一个物种，我们通过改变我们的行为在许多气候变
化中幸存下来——这也是树木生存的方式。)”和“They regulate their growth by changing the rate at
which they drip(点滴)-feed them with sugar solution through root networks.( 它们通过改变滴水的速度来
调节自己的生长——通过根部网络给它们喂食糖溶液。)”可知，树木通过减慢生长速度度过干旱时期。
故选A。【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文“Deciduous trees are not “harvest-ready” at 200 years: they are teenagers.( 落叶树
在200年时还没有“准备好收获”：它们是青少年。)”可知，200岁的落叶树还不能收获碳，因此推
断画线词所在句句意：我们必须质疑诸如“可再生能源”之类的安慰话，并了解卫生纸的真正成本。
划线词与B项意思相近。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“The money should go to Peter Wohlleben, whose book The Hidden Life of
Trees was the most encouraging blockbuster (一鸣惊人) of 2015.( 奖金应该颁给彼得·沃勒本，他的书
《树的隐秘生活》是2015年最令人鼓舞的大片。)”和第二段的“The Hidden Life of Trees argued that
trees are social. It shows that they can be our saviours.(《树的隐秘生活》认为树是社会性的。这表明他们
可以成为我们的救世主。)”以及下文内容可知，本文评论了彼得·沃勒本的书《树的隐秘生活》，是一
篇书评。故选A。
D
The term “beer goggles” is said to have been coined by male North American university students in the
1980s. Yet despite unconfirmed evidence for the phenomenon, the link between alcohol intoxication (醉酒)
and physical attraction has not been systematically studied.
Prof Bowdring of the University of Pittsburgh invited 18 pairs of male friends into the laboratory to rate
the attractiveness of men and women they viewed in photos and videos. On one occasion, both men were
given enough cranberry juice to raise their blood alcohol concentration to about 0.08% - the legal limit for
driving in England — and on the other occasion, they both received a non-alcoholic drink. After providing
attractiveness ratings for the photos, they were asked to select which of these individuals they would most like
to interact with in a future experiment.
The research, published in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, did not find that alcohol
increased people’s perceptions of others’ attractiveness. “But we did find that people were more likely to
select to interact with the people they perceived to be most attractive after consuming alcohol,” Bowdring
said.
Indeed, drunk participants were 1.71 times more likely to select one of their top four attractive candidates
to potentially meet in a future study, compared with when they were sober (清醒的).
Given alcohol’s effects on visual processing and cognitive (认知) function, it was also possible that the
results would change as alcohol levels rise in a person’s system, Bowdring said. To move on, the field needs
larger studies to see if they can be replicated (复制).
Assuming alcohol does enhance the likelihood of a person interacting with someone they find attractive.Bowdring believes her findings could reveal one process supporting the rewarding yet potentially dangerous
nature of alcohol - including its impact on risky behaviour.
“If you’re going to consume alcohol, I think it is worth reflecting on how can you do it in a way that’s
safe and consistent with your goals,” Bowdring said. “People may benefit by recognizing that valued social
motivations and intentions change when drinking, in ways that may be appealing in the short term but
possibly harmful in the long term.”
12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A. The comparison of two experiments.
B. The process of Bowdring’s experiment.
C. The underlying logic of beer goggles effect.
D. The methods of appreciating attractiveness.
13. What did Bowdring’s research find about alcohol intoxication?
A. It increases people’s liquid courage.
B. It makes people better looking.
C. It stops people ignoring attractive faces.
D. It helps understanding others better.
14. What will the follow-up studies focus on?
A. The encounter in real situation.
B. Risky behaviour of intoxication.
C. Drunk people’s visual processing.
D. The result of higher levels of intoxication.
15. What does Bowdring mainly talk about in the last paragraph?
A. The significance of her research.
B. Reflection on her previous research.
C. The negative effects of drinking.
D. Social morality and standards.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是由匹兹堡大学的教授 Bowdring进行的一项关于酒精和身
体吸引之间的联系的研究。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Prof Bowdring of the University of Pittsburgh invited 18 pairs of male
friends into the laboratory to rate the attractiveness of men and women they viewed in photos and videos.(匹兹堡大学的鲍德林教授邀请了18对男性朋友进入实验室，让他们对照片和视频中男性和女性的吸引
力进行打分。)”可知，Prof Bowdring让研究对象进入实验室开始进行研究，结合下文中介绍别让这些
研究对象一部分喝含有酒精的饮料和另一部分喝不含酒精的饮料，以及“After providing attractiveness
ratings for the photos, they were asked to select which of these individuals they would most like to interact
with in a future experiment.(在提供了照片的吸引力评级后，他们被要求在这些人中选择他们在未来的
实验中最愿意与之互动的人。)”可知，给他们提供照片的吸引力评级后，让他们选择在未来实验中最
愿意与之互动的人，综合以上信息可知，第二段讲述的是研究的过程。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的““But we did find that people were more likely to select to interact with the
people they perceived to be most attractive after consuming alcohol,” Bowdring said.(鲍德林说：“但我们
确实发现，人们在喝酒后更有可能选择与他们认为最有吸引力的人交往。”)”可知，研究发现，人们
在喝酒后更有可能选择他们认为最后吸引力的人交往，结合第四段中的“Indeed, drunk participants
were 1.71 times more likely to select one of their top four attractive candidates to potentially meet in a future
study, compared with when they were sober (清醒的).(事实上，与清醒的参与者相比，醉酒的参与者在未
来的研究中选择四名最有吸引力的候选人之一的可能性要高出 1.71倍。)”可知，研究发现，相比而言，
醉酒的参与者选择四名最有吸引力的候选人之一的可能性更高，由此可知，醉酒增加了他们的酒精勇
气。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Given alcohol’s effects on visual processing and cognitive (认知)
function, it was also possible that the results would change as alcohol levels rise in a person’s system,
Bowdring said.(鲍德林说，考虑到酒精对视觉处理和认知功能的影响，结果也有可能随着人体系统中
酒精含量的升高而改变。)”可知，Bowdring教授认为，鉴于酒精对视觉处理和认知功能的影响，研究
结果可能会受酒精含量的升高而改变，所以接下来可能会研究高度醉酒后的结果。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据尾段中的“People may benefit by recognizing that valued social motivations and
intentions change when drinking, in ways that may be appealing in the short term but possibly harmful in the
long term.(人们可能会受益于认识到有价值的社会动机和意图在饮酒时发生了变化，这种变化可能在
短期内吸引人，但从长远来看可能有害。)”可知，Bowdring认为，人们意识到了有价值的社会动机和
意图在饮酒后会发生改变，从短期看来，人们会受益于此，但在长远看，这可能是有害的，结合尾端
的首句““If you’re going to consume alcohol, I think it is worth reflecting on how can you do it in a way
that’s safe and consistent with your goals,” Bowdring said.(鲍德林说:“如果你打算喝酒，我认为值得思考的是，如何以一种既安全又符合你目标的方式喝酒。”)”可知，Bowdring建议人们要思考一下，如何
以一种既安全又符合你目标的方式喝酒，综合以上信息可知，最后一段讲述的应是这项研究的意义。
故选A项。
9.【重庆市七校2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题】
C(改编)
When the company OpenAI developed its new artificial intelligence (AI) program, ChatGPT, in late
2022, educators began to worry. ChatGPT could create text that seemed like a human wrote it. How could
teachers discover whether students were using language created by an AI chatbot to cheat on a writing task?
As a linguist who studies the effects of technology on how people read, write and think, I believe there
are other more pressing concerns besides cheating. These include whether AI, more generally, threatens
student writing skills, the value of writing as a process, and the importance of regarding writing as a tool for
thinking.
As part of my research on the effects of AI on human writing, I surveyed young adults in the U.S. about
some issues related to those effects. One participant said that at some point if you depend on predictive text,
you’re going to lose your spelling abilities. Enter “Was Rom” into a Google search and you’re given a list of
choices like “Was Rome built in a day”. Type “ple” into a text message and you’re offered “please” and
“plenty”. These tools complete our sentences automatically, giving us little chance to think about our spelling,
and continuously asking us to follow their suggestions.
Evan Selinger, a philosopher, worried that predictive texting reduces the power of writing as a form of
mental activity and personal expression. “By encouraging us not to think too deeply about our words,
predictive technology may change how we deal with each other,” Selinger wrote. “We give others more
algorithms (算法) and less of ourselves. Automation can stop us thinking and the resulting text didn’t feel like
mine anymore.”
I asked ChatGPT whether it was a threat to humans’ motivation to write. The bot responded: “There will
always be a demand for creative, original content that requires the unique viewpoint of a human writer.” It
continued: “Writing serves many purposes beyond just the creation of content, such as self-expression,
communication, and personal growth, which can continue to encourage people to write even if certain types of
writing can be automated.”
I was glad to find the program had seemingly admitted its limitations.
28. What is the author’s main concern about ChatGPT?A. Whether it will lead to students’ cheating.
B. Whether it will shape students’ writing style.
C. How students will make use of it at school.
D. What effects it will have on students’ writing.
29. What will predictive technology do to us according to Evan Selinger?
A. Give us more creative ideas. B. Make us write like a machine.
C. Encourage us to think more deeply. D. Make us tend to ignore grammatical mistakes.
30. What can we learn from ChatGPT’s response?
A. Writing will become completely automated. B. Robots will work with humans in writing.
C. Robot writing will become more creative. D. Human writing will still matter a lot.
31. What can be the best title for the text?
A. What impact will AI bring to writing? B. What is the future of modern literature?
C. How to improve writing with AI’s help? D. How to apply AI technology to education?
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“人工智能给写作带来什么影响——ChatGPT如何剥夺
学生自主写作和思考的动力”。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“These include whether AI, more generally, threatens student writing skills,
the value of writing as a process, and the importance of regarding writing as a tool for thinking.(这些问题包
括，更普遍地说，人工智能是否威胁到学生的写作技能，写作作为一个过程的价值，以及将写作视为
思维工具的重要性)”可知，作者比较关心人工智能会给学生的写作带来的影响。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根文章第三段“Evan Selinger, a philosopher, worried that predictive texting reduces the
power of writing as a form of mental activity and personal expression.“By encouraging us not to think too
deeply about our words, predictive technology may change how we deal with each other,” Selinger wrote.
”(哲学家Evan Selinger担心，预测性短信会削弱写作作为一种心理活动和个人表达形式的力量。
“通过鼓励我们不要太深入地思考自己的言语，预测技术可能会改变我们处理彼此的方
式，”Selinger写道)”可知，预测性的写作会削弱人类自我思考，只是像一个机器一样写作。故选
B。
【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“There will always be a demand for creative, original content that
requires the unique viewpoint of a human writer.(对创造性、原创内容的需求总是需要人类作家的独特观
点)”可知，创造性和原创性的内容还是需要人类作家的输出。由此可以推测，人类作家对于写作来
说任然具有重要性。由此推知，人类写作仍然非常重要。故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“ChatGPT could create text that seemed like a human wrote it. How could
teachers discover whether students were using language created by an AI chatbot to cheat on a writing task?
(ChatGPT可以创建看起来像是人类写的文本。教师如何发现学生是否使用人工智能聊天机器人创建
的语言在写作任务中作弊？)”可知，本主要介绍ChatGPT对于写作产生的影响。由此可知，A项
“人工智能将给写作带来什么影响？”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
D (改编)
First impressions can set a lasting tone, but there is often something doubtful. Psychologists have
documented a phenomenon known as the liking gap, whereby two people meeting for the first time routinely
underestimate how much their counterparts (对应方) like them. A new study finds that the liking gap occurs
in group settings too and affects how well groups function.
In one experiment, the researchers divided 159 participants into groups of three and asked them to have a
conversation. They then surveyed the participants individually about how much they liked each of their
partners, how much they thought each partner liked them, and how much they thought their partners liked
each other. On average, people liked their partners more than they believed their partners liked them, and
thought themselves to be the least liked in the group.
In a subsequent experiment, the researchers asked similar questions of engineering students who had
worked together in design competitions for varying lengths of time. Here, too, people tended to underestimate
the degree to which they were liked, regardless of how long they had known their teammates — and their dim
views of their own likability reduced their willingness to ask others for help, give honest feedback, and work
together in the future.
A final experiment involving a broad sample of workers showed that the misperceptions (误解) were
strongest among teammates and that they decreased team effectiveness and job satisfaction. It also found a
possible explanation for the liking gap: People tend to focus on positive thoughts when reflecting on how
much they like someone else “(I’m happy that she got a promotion”) but fall victim to more negative ones
when considering how others view them ( “I got a promotion, so she might be green with envy”).
Managers should think carefully not just about how teammates regard one another but about how teammembers think they themselves are regarded, the researchers say; correcting misperceptions could boost team
satisfaction and performance. “If only people knew how positively their teammates actually felt about them,
they might communicate better, feel more included on their teams, and be happier overall with their jobs,”
they write.
32. What does the liking gap refer to?
A. A type of social anxiety disorder. B. Love among different age groups.
C. Misjudging others’ opinions of us. D. Holding back others’ evaluations.
33. What did the experiment in paragraph 2 reveal?
A. People did not like to give honest comments.
B. People tended to think little of their partners.
C. People were quite demanding towards others.
D. People were not very confident about themselves.
34. What does the underlined word “dim” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Conflicting. B. Negative. C. Conventional. D. Strong.
35. What do the researchers suggest managers stress?
A. Employees’ viewpoints on themselves.
B. The relationship between team members.
C. Employee promotion and job satisfaction.
D. Communication between leaders and employees.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。两个人第一次见面时，通常会低估对方对自己的喜欢程度。一项新的研究发
现，喜欢的差距也发生在群体环境中，并影响群体的功能。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Psychologists have documented a phenomenon known as the liking gap,
whereby two people meeting for the first time routinely underestimate how much their counterparts (对应方)
like them.(心理学家记录了一种被称为“喜欢差距”的现象，即两个人第一次见面时，通常会低估对
方对自己的喜欢程度。)”可知，“喜欢差距”指的是误判别人对我们的看法。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“On average, people liked their partners more than they believed their partners
liked them, and thought themselves to be the least liked in the group.(平均而言，人们更喜欢他们的伴侣，
而不是他们认为他们的伴侣喜欢他们，并认为自己是最不喜欢的组。)”可知，实验表明人们不认为他们的伴侣喜欢他们，而且他们认为自己是最不喜欢的组，由此可推知，人们对自己不是很自信。故
选D。
【34题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线单词上文“people tended to underestimate the degree to which they were liked,
regardless of how long they had known their teammates(不管认识队友多久，人们也倾向于低估自己被喜
欢的程度，)”可知，不管认识队友多久，人们也倾向于低估自己被喜欢的程度，这说明他们对自己
的可爱程度持有消极的的看法，由此可推知划线单词dim意为“消极的，悲观的”，故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Managers should think carefully not just about how teammates regard one
another but about how team members think they themselves are regarded, the researchers say; correcting
misperceptions could boost team satisfaction and performance. (研究人员说，管理者不仅应该仔细考虑队
友如何看待彼此，还应该考虑队友如何看待他们自己；纠正误解可以提高团队的满意度和绩效。)”
可推知，研究人员建议管理者不仅应该仔细考虑队友如何看待彼此，还应该考虑队友如何看待他们自
己，即强调员工对自己的看法。故选A。
10.【2024届“皖南八校”高三第一次大联考高三英语试卷.】
C
Re-purposing diapers(尿布) to make building materials would reduce the amount of garbage
that goes to a landfill. It could also make homes more affordable. Maybe giving used diapers a new
use could help tackle both problems.
Building materials-especially those that are used for strengthening structures—are often
expensive. They're often the biggest hurdle to making homes affordable. So researchers have
previously investigated unusual materials that could save costs. These materials included
many that would otherwise pile up as waste, such as fly ash.
"There is a big need in developing countries such as the Southeast Asian nation -
Indonesia. There, demand for low-cost housing outstrips(超过) what's available. The number of
people in Indonesia's cities has climbed by about 4 percent per year in the last 30 years. By 2025,
more than two-thirds of Indonesians are expected to live in urban areas. Indonesia's population
boom is intensifying the demand for housing," says Siswanti Zuraida, an environmental engineer in
Indonesia.
"Despite the need for more affordable housing, there are significant problems that stand in the
way of adopting diapers,”Zuraida says.”Used diapers contain wood pulp, cotton and plastic,
which are potentially useful building materials. Diapers plastic components would have to beseparated from the organic fibers, a complicated recycling process currently available only in
developed nations. And Indonesia's building regulations restrict together) - materials to bricks,
wood, steel and concrete (which is used to hold bricks together) - materials that also bear a
high cost in terms of carbon emissions.
But reusing diapers might not be that environmentally friendly, especially on a large
scale. It’s tricky to separate dirty diapers from waste and disinfect them. So it would take a
lot of energy to recycle diapers. It’s maybe worthwhile to start thinking about ways to
replace single-use diapers with something less frequently thrown away,” says Christof
Schrofl, a chemist who works at Technische Universität Dresden in Germany.
28.Which statement describes the idea of re-purposing diapers best?
A. No pains, no gains. B. Waste not, want not.
C. Kill two birds with one stone. D. Great minds think alike.
29.What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 2?
A.Phase B.Barrier. C.Goal. D. Advantage.
30.What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?
A.It is illegal to use diapers as building material in Indonesia.
B.Making building materials has little effect on climate warming.
C. The plastic components in diapers can make buildings stronger.
D. Developed countries have difficulty separating organic fibers on diapers.
31.What is Schrofl's attitude towards reusing diapers?
A.Indifferent B.Supportive. C.Admiring. D.Objective.
D
It's mid-afternoon. You're full from lunch. The day is warm. You're starting to feel
sleepy. Should you give ii to the comfort of a nap(打盹)? In point of advantage, it is worth it.
Though there is some disagreement as to whether napping benefits everyone, research suggests
naps can boost at least some people's mental process of understanding in the short term.
Several studies find that a well-timed nap can provide a short-term boost in brainpower. For
example, scientists reviewed past research that focused on healthy participants with regular
sleep cycles. That review, published in 2009 in the Journal of Sleep Research, shows that napping
improves factors ranging from reaction time to alertness( 警 觉 ) to memory performance.
"A brief nap can also inspire people with creativity," a 2021 study in Science Advances
found. In that research, participants were given math problems that could be solved with an
easy short cut that they weren't told about. Some participants were encouraged to take a
brief nap before tackling the problems. The researchers found those who napped—and spenteven just 30 seconds in the first, lightest phase of sleep—were 2.7 times more likely to
figure o the short cut than those who stayed awake. But entering a deeper sleep phase had
a negative effect on this creative insight, In other words, there may be a “sweet spot”of
mental relaxation that clears the way for moments of inspiration.
"Timing your naps right can reduce sleep inertia( 睡 眠 惯 性 ),"says Natalie Dautoich, a
psychologist at Virginia Commonwealth University.“A 20-minute nap is recharging and Co, a
90 minutes of sleep can be even more restorative. The nap to avoid is the one lasting to
than 20 minutes and less than 60 minutes, which is most likely to lead to sleep inertia.”
“The short-term benefits of naps are well established, but pinning down the relationship
between naps and any specific health outcomes, long-term effects of napping, is not always simple.
For example, greater daytime sleepiness is symptomatic of many health conditions; and therefore
napping may not necessarily be the cause of these conditions but rather a consequence," says
Victoria Garfield, a professor of University College London.
32. What can we know about napping from the first paragraph?
A. It is favourable to people B.It make people inefficient.
C.It can boost people's night sleep. D. It has little effect on people's ability
33.What would you be if you take a half-an-hour nap?
A.Bored B.Sleepy. C.Enthusiastic. D.Restorative.
34. How does the writer prove arguments in the text mainly?
A.By listing statistics B.By making comparison
C.By criticize wrong opinions D.By presenting study results
35. What will the author probably talk about next?
A. The reasons for unhealthy physical conditions
B. The ways to set the appropriate time of napping
C. The association between nap and health conditions
D.The means to get into the habit of long-term napping
28.C 推理判断题。根据短文首段"Reposing diapers to make building materials would reduce
the amount of garbage... a new use could help track both problems.”可知，回收一次性尿布既可
以减少坡张物的产生 又可以降低房价，可谓一举两得。
29.B 词义猜测题。根据短文第二段"Building materials — especially those that are used .for
strengthening structures— are lolen expensive. They're often the biggest hurdle to making homesaffordable. So researchers have prewously investigated unusual materials that could save cost.可
知，能加固建筑物的建筑 材料价格贵，这些材料会使房价高而买不起，因此研究人员一直
在研空能节省成本的非常规材料。所以该 词意为“障碍、壁垒”。
30.A 推理判断题。根据短文第四段"And Indonesia's building regulations restrict
construction materials to bricks, wood, steel and concrete(which is used to hold Brkcks logether)...”
可知，根据印度尼西亚国家建 筑法规，建筑材料仅限于砖、木材、钢铁和混凝土。因此在
印度尼西亚使用废弃尿片做建材是违规的。
31.D 推理判断题。根据短文末段" ·But reusing diapers might not be that environmentally
friendly, especially on a large scale. It's tricky to... with something less frequently thrown away'"可
知，Christof Schrofl 认为回收一次性尿布并不一定环保，与其回收倒不如想法子替换一次性
尿布，因此其态度是不赞成的。
32.A 细节理解题。根据短文首段"In point of advantage,it is worth it."可知，午休对人是有
益处的。
33.B 推理判断题。根据短文" A 20-minute nap is recharging and 60 to 90 minutes of sleep
can ... which is most likely to lead to sleep inertia.'”可知，午休半小时会引发睡眠惯性，即犯困
的。
34.D 推理判断题。根据全文信息可知，作者每提出一个论点都是引用研究结果予以佐
证。
35.C 推理判断题。根据短文首段可知，午休是有益处的。根据第二段至第四段可知，午
休可以让人获得短期 益处：提升脑力、激发人的创造力并分别引用研究结果予以佐证。根
据短文末段可知，午休有短期益处已毫 无疑问，并进而提出了午休是否对身体健康有影响
的问题，即长期效应。依据本文行文习惯，接下来作者很 有可能会就此引述相关研究结
果，即午休与身体健康的头系进行讨论。
11.【浙江省新阵地教育联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期第二次联考英语试题】
C
After COVID-19, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that while the number of nurses has
increased in the past three years, the U.S. still experiences a shortage of registered nurses, and
that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs. So what’s the solution? Robots.
Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of
Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, delivermedications and other items, and retrieve records. This type of robot will likely be one of the
first to be implemented in hospital.
Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning,
but the robot itself doesn’t have to engage directly—it can serve as a mediator for human
communication.Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled
through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely
monitor patients or Skype them. If you cant get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can
use a telepresence robot to hang out with her.
A robot’s appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why
the Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge
teddy bear. RIBA, also known as“Robear,”can help patients into and out of wheelchairs and
beds with its strong arms.
On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which has such resilient skin and
natural hair color that some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot
companion has cameras in its eyes,which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial
expressions and body language in its interactions.
It’s important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make
diagnoses. Instead,they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to
patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the integration of robots will
lead to cooperation, not replacement.
28. What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Take the lead. B. Reach the standard. C. Set a record. D. Miss a
turn.29. Telepresence robots may serve their right purposes in hospital when
A. they collect medical records for patients
B. they deliver food to clinical doctors
C. they move the mobility-disabled patients
D. they assist doctors with long-distance diagnoses
30. What is the distinctive attraction of Actroid F?
A. Its scary arm strength. B. Its adorable appearance.
C. Its human-like voice. D. Its proper interactive
response.
31. What is the suitable title for the passage?
A. Robots—the future replacement of nurses
B. Robots—the earth-shaking reform in hospitals
C. Robots—a good supplement to nurses
D. Robots—a new way to treat patients
【答案】28-31 ADDC
【解析】C篇 文章通过严谨科学的语言不失生动地介绍了具有互动等功能的护士机器人，并阐明其在医疗
体系中的作用与意义。文章难度适中。
第28题 A 根据词组中的“ahead of”我们可以推测出，这一表达主体意义应为“在……之前”。根据
本段最后一句我们可知，日本大学研究的机器人是“one of the first”，也即业界最早得到应用的机器
人之一，可得答案为A。
第29题 D 根据第三段内容，我们不难知道Telepresence可以帮助进行许多远程相关的事务，比如远程
监护、远程连线等。故可推知答案为D。
第30题 D 定位关键词至文章倒数第二段。Actroid F的眼部装有相机，可以对患者进行观察以调整自身
的反应。故答案为D选项。
第31题 C 根据文章最后一段我们可知，作者阐明了护士机器人与护士们工作内容的区别，也即其能够帮
助护士更好地帮助患者，充当了一种很好的补充。故答案为C。
D
While teenagers who are at risk of depression with risky behaviors—drinking alcohol, smoking
cigarettes and cutting classes often alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing, anew study finds that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of
experiencing the same mental symptoms.
These teens use tons of media, get insufficient sleep and have a sedentary(不爱活动的) lifestyle.
Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that
it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme that are truly in a dangerous
position. Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been
called the “invisible risk”group by the study's authors.
The study’s authors surveyed 15,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors,including
excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking and high media use. Their aim was to
determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers. The
group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of
depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the
low-risk group. But the invisible group wasn’t far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of
them exhibiting depression.
The findings caught Carli off guard. “We didn’t expect that,” he says.“The high-risk group and
low-risk group are obvious, but this third group was not only unexpected. It was so distinct and so
larger—nearly one third of our sample—that it became a key finding of the study.”
Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early
warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identification s,
support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning
into full-blown disorders.
32. Which teenager probably belongs to the “invisible group”?
A. A teenager who drinks frequently. B. A teenager who exercises regularly.
C. A teenager who skips school. D. A teenager who suffers from a lack
of sleep.
33. What can we know about the new study?
A. It was conducted by analyzing and comparing the previous data.
B. It was intended to dig into the reasons for depression.
C. It revealed an alarming rate of the invisible group suffering depression.
D. Its findings were under expectation of the research team.34. What is Carli’s attitude toward the findings?
A. Unclear. B. Positive. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.
35. The author wrote this passage to ______.
A. introduce a new therapy for teens' mental disorder
B. warn about the unobserved signals for teens' mental problems
C. share a novel psychological experiment with teens
D. caution teens against developing unhealthy habits
【答案】32-35 DCBB
详细解析：
D篇 文章通过生动的语言和学界研究案例介绍向读者介绍了青年群体潜在的精神问题可能性，文章主旨
清晰、简明易懂。
第32题 D 定位至文章第二自然段。我们可知，文中这一群体的特征有大量使用社交媒体、睡眠不足、不
爱社交或活动等特点。故答案为D。
第33题 C 定位至文章第三段，高风险群组中最多近15%的人报告患有抑郁症，而隐形群体并非远远落
后于高危人群，其中超过13%的人表现出抑郁症，这一数值值得警惕。故答案为C。
第34题 B 定位至文章倒数两段。Cali认为，这一研究结果和发现虽然出乎意料，但十分重要，因为其能
够为家长、教师和精神卫生保健提供者提供早期预警信号，并有助于提供早期帮助与支持。故答案为B。
第35题 B 根据文章首尾两段我们不难推知，作者希望通过提高和分析相关研究结果，提高人们对于青少
年可能存在的“the same mental symptoms”的警惕。故答案为B。
12.【广东省2023-2024学年高三上学期10月大联考英语试题】
C
Disability is an unavoidable outcome of living. There is no perfect body or mind. And there is no normal body
or mind. In other words, no one is perfectly “able”. Everyone faces limitations, and some might face more severe
limitations at different times in life through age, illness, or other unexpected occurrences. Having a disability,
however, should not stop anyone from learning. As a result of several recent international movements, schools in
nations around the world now provide inclusive education, which means that students with disabilities have access
to the common curriculum (课程) in the general education classroom.
English language instructors need to provide equal instruction to all learners in inclusive settings. Online
learning has made it possible for many students with different kinds of disabilities to access classes and learning
materials that were once out of reach or difficult to obtain. However, whenever teachers do not adopt necessarymeasures to accommodate as widely as possible in digital spaces, they sometimes unknowingly create barriers for
students with disabilities. It is our responsibility as educators to be aware of that.
While we are acquiring or updating skills for teaching online, we should give equal attention to understanding
how to accommodate students with disabilities in a digital learning environment. When we do not make our classes
accommodating to all students, some students are left behind through no fault of their own. Whenever we work to
create inclusive learning environments, we provide support for all students, with or without disabilities.
The online learning environment provides multiple ways to make learning interesting through media, and
technology tools. It is important not to use technology just for the sake of attracting attention, however, but to use it
because it has a learning purpose that you are clear about. For instance, don’t show a video just because it’s fun, but
because it helps achieve a learning goal.
8. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A. Inclusive education has limitations.
B. It is unavoidable to have a disability.
C. The disabled should have equal chances to learn.
D. Those with disabilities have difficulty in learning.
9. What makes learning materials more accessible to the disabled?
A. Online learning. B. Instructors’ help.
C. The digital space. D. The updating skill.
10. What can we know about the author?
A. He is a doctor. B. He is an educator.
C. He teaches English. D. He does research on disabilities.
11. What may be the proper reason for playing a song in class?
A. To provide more media. B. To show new technology.
C. To rid students of barriers. D. To help achieve a learning aim.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全纳教育，残疾学生可以学习普通教育课堂上的公共课程，
以及开展全纳教育该注意的问题。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Having a disability, however, should not stop anyone from learning. (然而，残疾不
应该阻止任何人学习。)”可知，残疾的学生也应该拥有平等的学习机会。故选C。【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段 “ Online learning has made it possible for many students with different kinds of
disabilities to access classes and learning materials that were once out of reach or difficult to obtain. (在线学习使
许多有不同残疾的学生有可能获得曾经遥不可及或难以获得的课程和学习材料。)”可知，在线学习使许多
有不同残疾的学生有可能获得曾经遥不可及或难以获得的课程和学习材料。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段 “It is our responsibility as educators to be aware of that. (作为教育者，我们有责任
意识到这一点。)”可推知，作者是一名教育工作者。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“It is important not to use technology just for the sake of attracting attention, however,
but to use it because it has a learning purpose that you are clear about. (然而，重要的是不要仅仅为了吸引注意
力而使用技术，而是要使用它，因为它具有明确的学习目的。)”可知，在课堂上播放歌曲不仅仅是为了吸
引注意力，是因为使用歌曲具有明确的学习目的即帮助达到一个学习目标而使用它。故选D。
D
Brynn Schulte nearly died two times when she was a baby. At one point she needed emergency surgery for
bleeding in her brain. No one knew what was wrong. Then, a test that looked at her full genetic details found a rare
bleeding disorder. Catching the disorder early saved her life. “You have this hopeless feeling when you don’t really
know what’s going on,” said her father, Mike Schulte. He noted that the test made a difference in finding the cause
and “getting her the right care that she needed almost immediately”.
Brynn, now 4, got the genetic testing as part of a clinical trial, the results of which were published recently in
The Journal of the American Medical Association. Testing all of the details of a person’s genes is called “whole
genome” testing. Whole genome tests are much better than narrowly targeted tests when it comes to finding genetic
differences, called abnormalities, which can cause disease. The study found 49 percent of these abnormalities,
compared to 27 percent with more commonly used tests targeting only some genetic diseases.
Whole genome tests could solve the problem of doing several narrowly targeted tests on babies, which still
might not find the disorder. Experts warn there are some problems because labs vary in how they understand
results. Also, whole genome tests are more expensive and less likely to be covered by insurance.
But researchers hope that whole genome tests will at some point be used for millions of hospitalized babies
with rare and difficult conditions. The US National Human Genome Research Institute has found that around 350
million people around the world live with rare disorders. And it found that about 80 percent of the more than 7,000conditions are genetic.
12. How did Mike Schulte feel about the test?
A. Proud. B. Grateful. C. Unclear. D. Hopeless.
13. In finding genetic diseases, .
A. narrowly targeted tests are easier
B. commonly used tests take longer
C. whole genome tests focus on babies
D. whole genome tests are more accurate
14. What disadvantage do whole genome tests have?
A. They cost a lot.
B. The process is complex.
C. The disorder might not be found.
D. Their results are hard to understand.
15. Where is the text most likely found?
A. In a blog. B. In a medical record,
C. In a newspaper. D. In a letter.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个名为Brynn Schulte的孩子，在她出生不久的时候两次濒临死
亡。通过对她的完整基因细节进行测试，发现了一种罕见的出血性疾病。这次测试挽救了她的生命。文章
还介绍了整个基因组测试的优势，以及可能出现的问题和挑战。研究人员希望将整个基因组测试用于患有
罕见和疾病的数百万住院婴儿。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“ He noted that the test made a difference in finding the cause and “getting her the
right care that she needed almost immediately”. (他指出，该测试在找到病因和“几乎立即为她提供所需的正
确护理”方面发挥了作用。)”可推知，该研究为Mike Schulte的疾病找出了病因，挽救了Mike Schulte的
生命，因此对该试验充满了感激之情。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Whole genome tests are much better than narrowly targeted tests when it comes to
finding genetic differences, called abnormalities, which can cause disease. (在发现可能导致疾病的基因差异方面，
全基因组测试比狭隘的靶向测试要好得多。)”以及“The study found 49 percent of these abnormalities,compared to 27 percent with more commonly used tests targeting only some genetic diseases. (该研究发现了49%
的这些异常，而更常用的仅针对某些遗传疾病的检测则发现了27%。)”可知，在相比于其他的遗传疾病基
因检测，全基因组测试更加准确和有效。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, whole genome tests are more expensive and less likely to be covered by
insurance. (此外，全基因组测试更昂贵，而且不太可能被保险覆盖。)”可知，全基因组测试更昂贵，而且
不太可能被保险覆盖。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。文章介绍了一个名为Brynn Schulte的孩子，在她出生不久的时候两次濒临死亡。通过对她的
完整基因细节进行测试，发现了一种罕见的出血性疾病。这次测试挽救了她的生命。本文通过 Brynn
Schulte的案例引出全基因组检测临床试验的效果，介绍的是一个研究发现。由此可推知，本文最有可能在
报纸上被找到。故选C。
13.【云南省部分名校2023-2024学年高三上学期10月联考英语试题】
C
Chloe Silvestre feels so fortunate like a winner of a lottery ticket (彩票). As a working mum with two young
children, she is the winner in the “granny game”, allowing her career to develop and saving a fortune along the
way. If Chloe paid for her own childcare in London, it could cost £40,000.
“Both my mother and mother-in-law are available and passionate,” she said. “They have looked after my
children, so they needn’t go to nursery. Sometimes, they even bring an evening meal for us when we get home from
work, or have my children stay so we can go away at weekends.”
Most grandmothers help look after their grandchildren. Yet the exchange is not always good for the grannies’
own careers. “Young grannies in their 50s consider childcare as a burden as they are also trying to deal with their
own jobs. For those in their 70s, it may be too physically demanding. Yet for those in their 60s, it’s usually great,”
said Kanji, professor at Goldsmiths.
Kanji extolled the results and said, “The care the children get is exceptional. It’s one-on-one, loads of books,
no screen time and good fresh food. We often get comments on how confident and polite they are and chatty with
adults. Their social skills are there because they spend much time with someone who listens and responds to them.
The arrangement has bonded all three generations too, over shared meals for example.”
The parents and children have all the benefits of grannies’ involvement. So do grannies themselves. “We sawthat grandparents who stopped looking after their grandchildren suffered mental health impacts from that
withdrawal,” said Kanji.
Chloe’s mum Janet thinks that she has the best side of the childcare bargain. She said, “It can be tiring but they
fill an emotional gap. I’d be very lonely without them. It’s so wonderful to be able to help. If everyone did it, they
would know what a precious thing it is.”
8. Why does Chloe feel so fortunate?
.
A She won a lottery ticket.
B. She has two young children.
C. Her mother paid for the childcare in London.
D. Her mother and mother-in-law help care for her children.
9. What can we know from paragraph 3?
A. Grandmothers love their own jobs.
B. Women’s employment is unsatisfactory.
C. Not all grandmothers are suitable for childcare.
D. Looking after children is physically demanding.
10. What does the underlined word “extolled” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Repeated. B. Praised. C. Abandoned. D. Generated.
11. What is Janet’s attitude to looking after her grandchildren?
A. Uncaring. B. Uncertain. C. Supportive. D. Skeptical.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了“外婆或奶奶照顾孙辈”这一现象不同人的态度。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““Both my mother and mother-in-law are available and passionate,” she said. “They
have looked after my children, so they needn’t go to nursery.”（她说：“我的母亲和婆婆都很乐于助人，充满
热情。”“她们已经照顾了我的孩子，所以他们不必去托儿所。）可知，克洛伊感到如此幸运是因为她的
母亲和婆婆帮助照顾她的孩子。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Young grannies in their 50s consider childcare as a burden as they are also trying to
deal with their own jobs. For those in their 70s, it may be too physically demanding. Yet for those in their 60s, it’s
usually great”（50多岁的年轻奶奶们认为照顾孩子是一种负担，因为她们还要处理自己的工作。对于 70多岁的人来说，这可能对身体的要求太高了。然而对于那些60多岁的人来说，这通常是很棒的）可知，并
不是所有的祖母都适合照顾孩子。故选C项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据下文“The care the children get is exceptional. It’s one-on-one, loads of books, no screen time
and good fresh food. We often get comments on how confident and polite they are and chatty with adults.”（孩子
们得到的照顾非同寻常。这是一对一的，有很多书，没有屏幕时间和美味的新鲜食物。我们经常收到关于
他们有多自信、有礼貌以及与成年人聊天的评论。）可知，来自外婆或奶奶的照顾对孙辈有好处，Kanji
称赞了这个结果，划线词意为“称赞（Praised）”。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It can be tiring but they fill an emotional gap. I’d be very lonely without them. It’s
so wonderful to be able to help. If everyone did it, they would know what a precious thing it is.”（这可能很累，
但他们填补了情感上的空白。没有他们我会很孤独。能够提供帮助真是太好了。如果每个人都这样做，他
们就会知道这是多么珍贵的东西。）可知，珍妮特对照顾孙子孙女的态度是支持的。故选C项。
D
In 2011, organizations in England called on the citizens to reduce the amount of meat eaten on Fridays. 28% of
people adjusted their dietary habits in various ways. Some gave up meat on Fridays, while others reduced it.
A new study from the University of Cambridge aimed to look at the consequences of behavioral change from
people within a society and how these consequences bring in potentially large environmental benefits over time has
,
assessed the impact of this shift estimating that over the past decade, 55,000 tonnes of annual carbon emissions
were saved.
The 28% of people said they changed their habits; of these, 55% reduced meat consumption on Fridays, and
41% stopped eating meat on Fridays. The 72% of people who did not change dietary habits attributed it to
preferring to choose their own foods.
Using further data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS), researchers could tell that people in
the UK eat an average of 100 grams of meat daily, and the average high-protein, non-meat-eater (who eats fish and
cheese) contributes one third of the greenhouse gas emissions per kilogram that a meat-eater does.
,
Thus making a conservative assumption that citizens who adapted their diet switched to high protein non-
meat meals on Fridays, the researchers estimated that this equated to approximately 875,000 fewer meat meals a
week, which saved 1,070 tonnes of carbon, or 55,000 tonnes over a year.
There are some concerns about the implementation(实施) of meatless Fridays leading to further reduction offish stocks, as fish is a common substitute for red meat. The researchers say, however, that this need not be a
concern; there was no increase in fish consumption over the past decade, nor did meat consumption go up on other
days to make up for its absence on Fridays. Furthermore, there are many more meat substitutes available now than
in the past, offering more options.
12. Which of the following can best describe the shift?
A. Costly. B. Meaningless.
C. Well-known. D. Environmentally friendly.
13. What do the numbers in paragraph 3 show?
A. The experimental process.
B. The changes in people’s lifestyle.
C. The people’s response to the appeal.
D. The people’s care of carbon emissions.
14. Why is NDNS mentioned in the text?
A. To support the findings of the study.
B. To introduce the application of the study.
C. To show a different opinion about the study.
D. To call on more people to participate in the study.
15. How do the researchers feel about the implementation of meatless Fridays?
A. Curious. B. Optimistic. C. Doubtful. D. Shocked.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的一些组织呼吁市民减少周五的肉类摄入量并因此对减少碳
排放做出了很大的贡献。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“A new study from the University of Cambridge aimed to look at the consequences of
behavioral change from people within a society and how these consequences bring in potentially large
environmental benefits over time has assessed the impact of this shift, estimating that over the past decade, 55,000
tonnes of annual carbon emissions were saved. (剑桥大学的一项新研究旨在研究社会中人们行为变化的后果，
以及这些后果如何随着时间的推移带来潜在的巨大环境效益。该研究评估了这种变化的影响，估计在过去
十年中，每年可节省5.5万吨碳排放。)”和第五段“Thus, making a conservative assumption that citizens who
adapted their diet switched to high protein non-meat meals on Fridays, the researchers estimated that this equated toapproximately 875,000 fewer meat meals a week, which saved 1,070 tonnes of carbon, or 55,000 tonnes over a
year. (因此，研究人员做出了一个保守的假设，即调整饮食的公民在周五改吃高蛋白非肉餐，估计这相当
于每周减少约875000顿肉餐，这节省了1070吨碳，即一年内节省了55000吨碳。)”可知，人们在周五摄
入肉的量的变化是一种环保的行为。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The 28% of people said they changed their habits; of these, 55% reduced meat
consumption on Fridays, and 41% stopped eating meat on Fridays. The 72% of people who did not change dietary
habits attributed it to preferring to choose their own foods. (28%的人表示他们改变了自己的习惯；其中，55%
的人减少了周五的肉类消费，41%的人在周五停止吃肉。72%没有改变饮食习惯的人将其归因于更喜欢自
己选择食物。)”可知，这一段的数字表明了人民对这种呼吁的反应情况。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Using further data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS), researchers
could tell that people in the UK eat an average of 100 grams of meat daily, and the average high-protein, non-meat-
eater (who eats fish and cheese) contributes one third of the greenhouse gas emissions per kilogram that a meat-
eater does. (利用国家饮食和营养调查（NDNS）的进一步数据，研究人员可以得出结论，英国人平均每天
吃100克肉，而平均高蛋白、不吃肉的人（吃鱼和奶酪）每公斤的温室气体排放量是肉食者的三分之
一。)”可知，利用NDNS的数据是为了进一步支持研究结果。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are some concerns about the implementation(实施) of meatless Fridays
leading to further reduction of fish stocks, as fish is a common substitute for red meat. The researchers say,
however, that this need not be a concern; there was no increase in fish consumption over the past decade, nor did
meat consumption go up on other days to make up for its absence on Fridays. Furthermore, there are many more
meat substitutes available now than in the past, offering more options. (由于鱼类是红肉的常见替代品，人们对
实行无肉星期五会导致鱼类种群进一步减少表示担忧。然而，研究人员表示，这不必令人担忧；在过去的
十年里，鱼类的消费量没有增加，其他日子的肉类消费量也没有增加，以弥补周五的不足。此外，现在有
比过去多得多的肉类替代品，提供了更多的选择。)”可知，作者对实行无肉星期五持乐观的态度。故选
B。
14.【河北省新时代NT教育2023-2024学年高三阶段测试英语试题】
CSoccer fan Neale Mahoney’s goal when he subscribed to NBC’s Peacock streaming service last year was to
watch a single season of the Premier League. But he wound up paying for extra time. When I signed up last fall, I
intended to cancel at the end of the season in May, “Mahoney recalls.” But when it came to the summer, I forgot to
cancel and I realized I paid for three extra months.”
It’s a familiar mistake, given the explosion of subscription services in recent years. Americans are increasingly
signing up to buy everything from bottled water to razor blades (剃须刀片) on a pay-by-the-month basis — but
often forgetting to cancel when the subscriptions are no longer needed or wanted.
Mahoney, who’s an economist, wanted to figure out how often people are paying for subscriptions they no
longer want. He and two colleagues at Stanford and Texas A&M University scrolled through millions of
anonymous (匿名的) credit card records, and they discovered a kind of natural experiment.
“The a-ha moment for us,” Mahoney says, “was we realized that when your credit card expires or you lose
your credit card and get a new one in the mail, you’re going to get an email from all the companies where you have
a subscription that says, ‘Can you log in again and update your payment information?’” When that happens, and
people have to make an active decision about whether to renew a subscription, they cancel about four times as often
as during other months. On average, about 8% of customers cancel during months when they are asked to actively
renew their subscription, compared to about 2% who cancel during other months.
Consumer advocates suggest that businesses are profiting from customers’ forgetfulness and it’s a real cash
cow for companies. Due to thousands of complaints related to the extra subscription, the Federal Trade
Commission is considering a new rule that would require companies to make it as easy to get out of a monthly
subscription as it is to sign up. The so-called click to cancel rule would also require businesses to send customers an
annual reminder.
8. Why is Mahoney’s example mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. To introduce a soccer fan. B. To bring in the topic.
C. To praise a streaming service. D. To stress his forgetfulness.
9. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. Subscription services are increasingly popular.
B. People are more likely to buy necessities online.
C. Subscription services cause people to buy what they dislike.
D. People often forget to cancel their unnecessary subscriptions.
10. How did Mahoney get the findings?
A. By recording customer’s habits.B. By comparing previous data of customers.
C. By studying numerous credit card records.
.
D By renewing many customers’ subscriptions.
11. What does the underlined phrase “cash cow” probably mean in the last paragraph?
A. Moneymaker. B. Struggle.
C. Disaster. D. Cashier.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了顾客忘记取消订购，造成了没有必要的消费，公司从中获利
的现象。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。第一段中“Soccer fan Neale Mahoney’s goal when he subscribed to NBC’s Peacock streaming
service last year was to watch a single season of the Premier League. But he wound up paying for extra time.(球迷
Neale Mahoney去年订阅NBC的孔雀流媒体服务时，他的目标是观看一个赛季的英超联赛。但他最后还是
付了加时费)”以及“But when it came to the summer, I forgot to cancel and I realized I paid for three extra
months”（但到了夏天，我忘记了取消，我意识到我多支付了三个月的费用）介绍了 Mahoney忘记取消订
购服务，多支付了三个月的费用，以此引出本文的主题，下文是围绕忘记取消订阅的现象展开。故选B。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“It’s a familiar mistake, given the explosion of subscription services in recent years.
Americans are increasingly signing up to buy everything from bottled water to razor blades (剃须刀片) on a pay-
by-the-month basis — but often forgetting to cancel when the subscriptions are no longer needed or wanted.(鉴于
近年来订阅服务的爆炸式增长，这是一个常见的错误。越来越多的美国人开始按月付费购买从瓶装水到剃
须刀片的各种商品——但当不再需要或想要订阅时却常常忘记取消订阅)”可知，本段主要介绍了越来越多
的美国人因为忘记取消订购，购买了很多没有必要的东西，故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段“He and two colleagues at Stanford and Texas A&M University scrolled through millions
of anonymous (匿名的) credit card records, and they discovered a kind of natural experiment.(他和他在斯坦福大
学和德克萨斯农工大学的两位同事浏览了数以百万计的匿名信用卡记录，他们发现了一种自然实验)”可知，
Mahoney和他的同事们查阅了很多匿名的信用卡记录，故选C。
【11题详解】
词句猜测题。由划线部分前“businesses are profiting from customers’ forgetfulness(公司正在从消费者的健忘中获利)”可知，公司从中获利，所以对公司来说，这是一种挣钱的方式，故选A。
D
As we all know, insects can be remarkably agile (灵活的) in flight. This is really hard to build into flying
robots, but MIT Assistant Professor Kevin Yufeng Chen has developed an insect—sized drone (无人机) that
approaches insects’ agility.
Typically, drones require wide open spaces. “If we look at most drones today, they’re usually quite big,” says
Chen. “Most of their applications involve flying outdoors. The question is: Can you create an insect-sized drone
that can move around in very crowded and complex spaces?”
According to Chen, he overcame many problems when building the drone. The insect-sized drone requires a
fundamentally different construction from a larger one. The large drone is usually powered by a motor, but the
motor loses efficiency as you shrink it. So, Chen says, “For an insect-sized drone, you need to look for
alternatives.” The principal alternative until now has been employing a small, rigid actuator (执行器) built from
new materials. Chen designed a more agile tiny drone using soft actuators instead of hard ones.
Each actuator can beat nearly 500 times per second and weighs just 0.6 gram, approximately the mass of a
large bee. It gives the drone insect-like agility. “You can hit it when it’s flying, and it can recover,” says Chen. “It
can also turn over in the air.” The drone looks a bit like a tiny cassette tape with wings, though Chen is also
working on a new one shaped like a dragonfly.
Chen says his drone can be useful in industry and agriculture. It can perform machinery inspections to ensure
safety and function. Its potential applications include completing search-and-rescue missions following a disaster.
“All those things can be very difficult for existing large-scale drones,” Chen explains. Sometimes, bigger isn’t
better.
12. What is the disadvantage of the conventional drones?
A. They cost too much. B. They can only fly indoors.
C. Their construction is unstable. D. They are too large to enter narrow spaces.
13. What is the function of the actuator designed by Chen?
A. To power the insect-sized drone.
B. To make the new drone less flexible.
C. To make the new drone easily turn over.
D. To shape the new drone into a dragonfly.
14. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. Safety standards of the new drone. B. Possible applications of the new drone.C. Potential risks of the new drone. D. Design concept of the new drone.
15. Which is the best title for the text?
A. An Insect-like Small Drone
B. The Future of Insect-sized Drones
C. How Drones Will Change the Industry
D. What Problems Drone Development Are Facing
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院助理教授Chen研发出一款像昆虫一样的无人
机。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Typically, drones require wide open spaces. ‘If we look at most drones today, they’re
usually quite big,’ says Chen. ‘Most of their applications involve flying outdoors. The question is: Can you create
an insect-sized drone that can move around in very crowded and complex spaces?’(通常，无人机需要广阔的开
放空间。‘如果我们看看今天的大多数无人机，它们通常都很大，’Chen说。‘它们的大部分应用都涉及
户外飞行。问题是：你能制造出一架昆虫大小的无人机，让它在非常拥挤和复杂的空间里移动吗？’)”可
知，传统无人机的缺点是它们太大，无法进入狭窄的空间。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“The large drone is usually powered by a motor, but the motor loses efficiency
as you shrink it. So, Chen says, ‘For an insect-sized drone, you need to look for alternatives.’ The principal
alternative until now has been employing a small, rigid actuator (执行器) built from new materials. Chen designed
a more agile tiny drone using soft actuators instead of hard ones.(大型无人机通常由电机驱动，但当你缩小它时，
电机就会失去效率。因此，Chen说：‘对于昆虫大小的无人机，你需要寻找替代品。’到目前为止，主要
的替代方案是使用一种由新材料制成的小型刚性驱动器。Chen设计了一种更灵活的微型无人机，使用软驱
动器而不是硬驱动器)”可知，Chen设计的驱动器的功能是为昆虫大小的无人机提供动力。故选A项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容“Chen says his drone can be useful in industry and agriculture. It can
perform machinery inspections to ensure safety and function. Its potential applications include completing search-
and-rescue missions following a disaster. ‘All those things can be very difficult for existing large-scale drones,’
Chen explains. Sometimes, bigger isn’t better.(Chen说他的无人机在工业和农业上都很有用。它可以进行机械
检查，以确保安全和功能。它的潜在应用包括完成灾难后的搜索和救援任务。‘所有这些对于现有的大型无人机来说都是非常困难的，’Chen解释说。有时候，越大并不代表越好)”可知，最后一段主要是说
Chen研制的新型无人机在不同行业的应用。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。本文介绍了像昆虫一样的无人机的发明、特点以及应用等，所以用A项“An Insect-like Small
Drone”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选A。
15.【辽宁省重点高中沈阳市郊联体2023-2024学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题】
C
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly good at fooling people. A series of photos showing former
US president Donald Trump being aggressively arrested by police have caught people’s attention. They were fake
but very convincing.
Created by the AI program Midjourney, the photos were highly realistic, from the characters’ movements to
the surroundings. However, many details can give away the fact that they are made by AI. The Washington Post’s
technology writer Shira Ovide shared her tips. The main idea is to spot the problems-anything that would look
strange in a photo.
AI software has a history of generating human hands incorrectly. It sometimes can create hands with more
than five fingers. This is because AI isn’t sure what a “hand” exactly is, according to Popular Science. The data AI
uses to learn often show hands and fingers in various gestures, which can be very confusing for AI.
AI-generated images also usually contain details that are against reality. To spot this, focus on items like
accessories. For example, people in an image may be missing earrings or one part of their sunglasses. If there’s text
in an image, such as a newspaper or poster, it’s usually garbled (篡改), even though the text may look realistic from
a distance.
Another thing AI is terrible at handling is the background. If there’s a crowd in the image, people’s faces in the
background are usually blurry — or they don’t have faces at all!
The development of AI-generated art also raises alarm bells about how these fake images could be used to
spread misinformation. “I think misinformation is going to hit an all-time high,” Jamie Cohen, a digital culture and
AI expert in the US, told New York Post. Generating an AI artwork is to “create reality”, Cohen argued, adding
that, being able to tell whether the work is real or not requires high media literacy (素养) skills. “The world may
not be ready for how realistic the images have become,” Shane Kittelson, a US researcher, told The Washington
Post.8. Why are Donald Trump’s photos mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. To draw more people’s attention.
B. To make people convinced of the news.
C. To show the AI-generated images were fake.
D. To prove that it’s easy for AI to cheat people.
9. Why does AI generate human hands incorrectly according to the text?
A. It is unable to recognize human hands.
B. The data it uses to learn contain errors.
C. It doesn’t fully understand human hands.
D. It has insufficient data about human hands.
10. Which of the following will Jamie Cohen agree with?
A. AI artworks may not be reflective of true creativity.
B. It’s high time to address the risks posed by AI works.
C. AI artworks will replace traditional art forms in the future.
D. Detecting real art demands strong media literacy competence.
11. What is mainly talked about in the text?
A. AI is tricking people with highly realistic photos.
B. AI-generated art make people worried about fake images.
C. AI is terrible at handling the background.
D. The world may not be ready for AI.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了人工智能(AI)的负面影响，会生成与现实不符的虚假图像，
传播错误信息。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence (AI ) has been increasingly good at fooling people. A series of
photos showing former US president Donald Trump being aggressively arrested by police have caught people’s
attention. They were fake but very convincing. (人工智能(AI)越来越擅长愚弄人们。近日，美国前总统唐纳
德·特朗普被警方强行逮捕的一系列照片引起了人们的关注。它们是假的，但很有说服力。)”可知，第一
段提到特朗普的照片，是为了证明人工智能很容易欺骗人们。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“This is because AI isn’t sure what a “hand” exactly is, according to PopularScience. The data AI uses to learn often show hands and fingers in various gestures, which can be very confusing
for AI.(据《大众科学》报道，这是因为人工智能不确定“手”到底是什么。人工智能用来学习的数据经常
会以各种手势显示手和手指，这可能会让人工智能感到非常困惑)”可知，人工智能不能完全理解人类的手。
故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中““I think misinformation is going to hit an all-time high,” Jamie Cohen, a digital
culture and AI expert in the US, told New York Post. Generating an AI artwork is to “create reality”, Cohen argued,
adding that, being able to tell whether the work is real or not requires high media literacy (素养) skills. (美国数字
文化和人工智能专家Jamie Cohen在接受《纽约邮报》采访时表示：我认为错误信息将达到历史新高，
Cohen认为，生成人工智能艺术品就是“创造现实”，并补充说，能够判断作品是否真实需要很高的媒体
素养技能。)”可知，Cohen认为发现真正的艺术需要很强的媒介素养。故选D项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly good at fooling people (人工智能
(AI)越来越擅长愚弄人们)”以及第三段中“AI software has a history of generating human hands incorrectly.
(人工智能软件有错误生成人手的历史)”还有最后一段中“The development of AI-generated art also raises
alarm bells about how these fake images could be used to spread misinformation. (人工智能生成艺术的发展也为
这些虚假图像如何被用来传播错误信息敲响了警钟)”可知，文章主要讲述的是人工智能会生成与现实不符
的虚假图像，让人们非常的担心。故选B项。
D
Millions of us may lose sleep as most states switch to DST, Daylight Saving Time (夏令时) and put the clocks
forward by one hour. The time change brings darker mornings and extends light in the evening.
Some policymakers want to make DST permanent to avoid the disturbance of constant switches. Marco Rubio,
a government officer, says the formality of changing our clocks twice a year makes no sense. He points to the
potential economic benefits DST brings. The key argument is that more light in the evening can stimulate people to
go out and that translates into more people shopping in convenience stores for everything from water to sports
drinks. Thus, there is a boom in spending.
However, the health impacts have been more complicated to figure out. DST increases evening exposure to
light, which can make it harder to fall asleep at night. So in recent years, the time change has been reported to be
linked to an increase in atrial fibrillation, a type of heart disease, perhaps due to the sleep disorder. Besides,
evidences have linked the transition to an increase in attention problems and mood disorders.“I am very surprised,” says Jay Chudow, a cardiologist. “It’s just a one-hour change, but this shows how
sensitive our bodies maybe to internal clock (生物钟) interruption.” Actually humans’ internal clock is closely
linked to the rising and setting of the sun. He emphasizes that restoring permanent Year-Round Standard Time
(YRST) is the best option for our health and well-being, for the natural daily cycle of light and darkness is really
the most powerful timing reminder that we have to match our body clock with.
So it seems there’s a divide between what’s likely best for our health and what may be good for the economy.
Due to the economic burden and tight budget, it is not hard to guess which one will be given higher priority among
policymakers this year.
12. What benefit does DST bring?
A. Boosting consumption. B. Lengthening daytime.
C. Avoiding constant switches. D. Brightening the mornings.
13. What does the underlined word “transition” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Impact. B. Exposure. C. Disorder. D. Change.
14. What does Jay think of DST?
A. It helps restore energy. B. It raises health concerns.
C. It is a timing reminder. D. It matches humans’ body clock.
15. What will the policymakers probably do this year?
A. Choose DST. B. Adopt YRST.
C. Tighten the economy. D. Increase funds on healthcare.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了夏令时以及它带来的好处(可以促进经济与消费)与弊端(可能会
对人们的身体健康产生影响)。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He points to the potential economic benefits DST brings. The key argument is
that more light in the evening can stimulate people to go out and that translates into more people shopping in
convenience stores for everything from water to sports drinks. Thus, there is a boom in spending.(他指出了夏令时
带来的潜在经济效益。关键的论点是，晚上更多的光线可以刺激人们外出，这意味着更多的人在便利店购
买从水到运动饮料的各种商品。因此，出现了消费热潮)”可知，夏令时可以促进消费，故选A。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段的“DST increases evening exposure to light, which can make it harder to fall asleep atnight. So in recent years, the time change has been reported to be linked to an increase in atrial fibrillation, a type of
heart disease, perhaps due to the sleep disorder. (夏令时增加了晚上接触光线的时间，这会让人在晚上更难入
睡。近年来，据报道，时间的变化与心房颤动的增加有关，心房颤动是一种心脏病，可能是由于睡眠障
碍)”可知，夏令时（这种时间上的转变）可能会导致心脏问题和睡眠紊乱。由此可知，已有证据表明，这
种转变也可能会导致注意力问题和情绪问题，因此与“transition”意思最接近的应该是“change”。故选
D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段Jay的观点“It’s just a one-hour change, but this shows how sensitive our bodies may
be to internal clock (生物钟) interruption.(这只是一个小时的变化，但这表明我们的身体对生物钟中断有多敏
感)”推知，Jay认为夏令时可能会导致健康问题，故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Due to the economic burden and tight budget, it is not hard to guess which
one will be given higher priority among policymakers this year.(在经济负担和预算紧张的情况下，不难猜测，
今年政策制定者将更重视哪一个)”可知，当前经济不景气，因此政策制定者很可能会采用夏令时来刺激经
济，故选A。