考点 15 定语从句（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
定语从句
题型
2023 试卷类型 定语从句 考点
语法填空
2023·全国乙卷 that/whcih 关系代词
2023·全国甲卷 as 非限定性定语从句
2023·全国甲卷 that/who 关系代词
2022 2022·新高考I卷 where 关系副词
2022·全国甲卷 who 非限定性定语从句
2022年浙江1月 that/who 关系代词
2021 2021新课标II卷 that/which 关系代词
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于定语从句的考查共计8次，主要考查：
1．定语从句中的关系代词；
2．定语从句中关系副词；
3. 非限制性定语从句的关系词；
4. 定语从句的先行词；
5. 定语从句中的主谓一致；
6. 定语从句中的时态。
【备考策略】系统归类定语从句的用法，尤其是关系代词和关系副词的用法；熟练掌握定语从句的相关考点。
【命题预测】
2024年语法填空对定语从句的考查仍然是重点，主要集中考查关系代词和关系副词。
必备基础知识：
在主从复合句中，修饰或限制某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
A. 先行词 + 连词（关系代词） + 陈述句
who 【先行词为人。主语、宾语。】whom 【先行词为人。宾语。】
that【先行词为物/人。主语、宾语。】which 【先行词为物。主语、宾语。】
B. 地方 + where( 状语 ) + 陈述句 【where = at/on/in which】
时间 + when( 状语 ) + 陈述句 【when = at/on/in which】
C. 先行词（物/人） + whose + 名词 …whose: 某人的/某物的
D. 先行词(人) + 介词 + whom + 陈述句
先行词(物) + 介词 + which + 陈述句
重难点知识：
考点 1 关系代词引导的定语从句
1.（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-
paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical
buildings of the past.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:除了它所有的古老建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建
筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并立。本空引导定语从句,修饰名词place,本空在从句中作主语、指物,故应用关系代词
which或that。
2. [2021·浙江1月]They’re the only thing _______ looks like human language in that respect.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西。此处先行词是 thing被the only修饰，
且在定语从句中作主语，故填that。
3.[2019·上海卷]The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45— 0 days, then the babies grow without their mother,
_______ is a rare phenomenon in nature.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处which代替前面整个句子的内容，无固定的先行词。故填which。
4.[2019·上海卷]For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair,
________ information is listed above.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。为了进一步了解我们项目的消息，请访问我们的网站或联系我们的Undergraduate Chair，
它的信息在上面被列出。此处先行词是Undergraduate Chair，其和后面的information是所属关系，故填whose。
【方法指导】
1．who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。
在口语中可用who代替whom。
2．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。
3．that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。
4．which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指
代前面句子的部分或全部内容。
5．下列情况只用that不用which：
①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；
②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；
③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；
④先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；⑤先行词中既有人也有物；
⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。
1.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）The typical Chinese alcoholic beverage is baijiu, ________ is made from various
grains.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：典型的中国酒精饮料是白酒，由各种谷物制成。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，
从句缺主语，先行词指物。故填which。
2.（2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研）Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous artists in the world, _______full name is
really a long one, in fact a mixture of many names.
【答案】whose
【解析】查定语从句。句意：巴勃罗·毕加索是世界上最著名的艺术家之一，他的全名其实是一个很长的名字，实
际上是许多名字的混合体。分析可知， 2 full name is really a long one在句中为非限制性定语从句，先行词为
Pablo Picasso，空处在从句中作定语，指毕加索的全名，所以用关系代词whose，故填whose。
3.（2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考）His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” was a determined
“Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things_______ other people make.”
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他对“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗？”这个问题的回答是坚定的，即“为什么
不呢？我们中国人能够制造和其他人一样的东西。”分析句子可知，此处考查引导定语从句的关系词，指代先行
词things，指物，在从句中作宾语，先行词前有the same修饰，关系代词只能用that。故填that。
4.（2023·湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考）“Hello, Mr. Herriot.” I heard his voice. I turned a blank gaze on him — I just
had no idea ____ ____ he was though his face was familiar.
【答案】who
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我茫然地看着他——我只是不知道他是谁，尽管他的脸很熟悉。此处是宾语从句，
由句意可知，表示“他是谁”，应用who引导。故填who。
考点 2 关系副词引导的定语从句
1.（2023·全国甲卷）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly
directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-
existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在那里所有的生命似乎都享受着和周围环境的和平共处。此处是where引导的定语
从句,where在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。
2. 【2016·全国新课标I】But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_
I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。【方法指导】
1．先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when，where，why。有
时可用“介词＋which”结构替换。
2．当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。
3．当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用
关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。
1.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）These events have transformed Jingdezhen into an incredible platform for
diversified cooperation and communication, ________ young artistic talents are drawn to its flame like moths.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些活动将景德镇变成了一个不可思议的多元化合作交流平台，年轻的艺术人才
像飞蛾一样被吸引到这里。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词platform，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系
副词where。故填where。
2.（2023·江苏省徐州市第七中学学情调研）However, he could not forget about an earlier time ________ his village
had been struggling with a serious air quality problem.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，他不能忘记，早年间村庄一直在努力应付着严重的空气质量问题。分析句
子结构可知，设空处应填关系词，引导定语从句，先行词是 time，指时间；从句主语是his village，从句谓语是
had been struggling with，从句宾语是a serious air quality problem，则设空处应填when，充当从句时间状语。故填
when。
【变式】
1. （2021·天津南开区·南开中学高三二模）Sales director is a position________ communication ability is just as
important as sales.
A．which B．where C．when D．why
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：销售经理是一个职位,在这个职位上,交流能力和销售能力一样重要。分析
句子可知，本句为限制性定语从句，position 为先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故选B。
【变式】2
2. （2021·山东）I don’t know the reason ____ he left without saying anything.
A．when B．where C．why D．which
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我不知道他什么也没说就走了的原因。本句是定语从句，先行词为the reason，先
行词在从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why。故选C项。
【变式】3
（2021·天津高三期末）We often reach a point in our life ______ we should be ready for change that will help us unlock
our self-improvement power.
A．when B．that C．as D．which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：在我们的生活中，我们经常会到达一个临界点，那时我们应该准备好迎接改变，这将帮助我们释放自我提升的力量。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a point，从句
中不缺少主语和宾语，排除关系代词，应用关系副词when引导从句，在句中作时间状语。故选A项。
考点 3 “介词＋关系代词”引导的
1.【2021·天津3月高考】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn
without repeating them.
A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复
犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语
动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故
选A。
2.（2021·天津红桥区·高三一模）Learning another language is like stepping out of a door, ______I can look back and see
more clearly my own language.
A．By which B．through which C．which D．on which
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句和介词辨析。句意：学习另外一种语言就好像跨出了一扇房门，通过它，我可以回顾并且
更加清楚地明白自己的语言。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，根据句意可知，通过这扇门，先行词door做
through“通过”的宾语，指物，用冠词代词which，by表示方式，on“在……上面”不符合句意，故选B。
【方法指导】
1．若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，
即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。
2．该结构中介词的选用
(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：
①先行词的意义；
②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；
③句子的意思。
(2)表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。常见结构：
①在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用 of
which/whom。
②the＋比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。
(3)有时“介词＋where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
1.（2021·天津滨海新区·高三三模）The Zhuang is an ethnic group________ the population is the largest of all ethnic
groups in China.
A．of whom B．of which C．of who D．of that
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：壮族是中国所有少数民族中人口最多的一个民族。分析可知，设空处为“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，先行词为“an ethnic group”，作of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故选B。
2.（2021·天津河北区·高三二模）Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be
controlled.
A．on which B．by which C．to which D．from which
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：人类和动物面部表情的不同之处，在于某程度上人类面部表
情可以受到控制。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the degree，关系代词which在句中指代先行
词degree(程度)，表示“某种程度”应为“to some degree”，故介词to符合句意。故选C项。
考点 4 as，which 引导的定语从句
1.（2023·全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for
Tomorrow”.
【答案】as
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如Rachel Carson在《明天的寓言》中所说,今天寓言的形式仍然有价值。
此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句,as作says的宾语,指代前面整个句子的内容。故填as。
2.（2023·江苏省无锡市）If everyone on your team is working different hours, you may be getting emails and messages at
all hours of the day, night or weekend, _______can create an always available, or "always-on” environment.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：如果你团队里的每个人都在不同的时间工作，你可能会全天一直收到邮件和信息，
这就能营造出一种一直在线的环境。在非限制性定语从句中，缺少主语，且代指前面一整句话，故用which。
【方法指南】
1．as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。
2．as常用在下列习惯用语中：
as (it) often happens，as I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。
3．which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。
4．“such/so...that...”表示“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so...as...”表示
“像……这样……”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。
5．“the same...that...”表示同一个人或物，而“the same...as...”表示同种类的人或物。
1.（2023·江苏省徐州市第七中学摸底学情调研）Hot pot, as a traditional Chinese folk dish, has become a favorite dish
throughout China since at least the Han Dynasty, ____ ____ is particularly true during winter months.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：火锅，作为中国传统的民间美食，至少从汉代开始，就已经成为全中国最受欢迎
的美食，尤其是在冬季。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，且关系代词在从句中
作主语，应用which引导该从句。故填which。
2.（2023·江苏省泰州中学调研）Most skiing competitions of the Winter Olympics were held in areas northwest ofBeijing, ____ ___ it’s cold in the winter but often doesn’t snow much.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：冬奥会的大多数滑雪比赛都在北京西北部地区举行，那里的冬天很冷，但通常不
会下太多雪。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是areas northwest of Beijing，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词
where引导。故填where。
【变式】
1. （天津高三三模）________ is widely accepted, in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses, but this is
not a polite way of greeting in other cultures.
A．As B．It C．Which D．What
【答案】A
【解析】考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：在中东，阿拉伯人通过互摸鼻子来打招呼，这在其他文化中是
不礼貌的。分析可知，________ is widely accepted在句中为定语从句，从句缺少主语，指代整个句子“in the
Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses”，结合选项，as和which都可以指代整个句子，在引导非限制
性定语从句时，which引导的非限制性定语从句置于主句之后，as引导的从句则可以置于句首。故选A。
2. （天津高三三模）Swimming is good for teenagers, ________ some experts say will help them to stimulate their
potential and promote their brain development.
A．which B．why C．Whom D．what
【答案】A
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：游泳对青少年有好处，一些专家说，这将帮助他们激发潜能，促进他们
的大脑发展。分析句子成分可知，“________ some experts say will help them to….”为非限制性定语从句，修饰整个
主句“Swimming is good for teenagers(游泳对青少年有好处)”，所设空处可译为“这件事/这一点”，并在该句中充
当宾语从句中的主语，故应用which，故选A。
考点 5 way 和 time 后接定语从句的
①What surprised me was not what he said but the way
he said it.
让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。
②The way he explained to us was quite simple.
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
③It's not the first time (that) you've found yourself in this situation.
你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。
④There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour，one day a week，testing pupils in every subject.
曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。
【方法指南】
1．在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从
句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。
2．先行词time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当先行词time作“一段时间，时
代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。
【关键能力】
定语从句与语法填空定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词以及介词的选用是语法填空题中的考查点。首先判断是否是定语从句是做
题的关键，其次判断关系词充当何种成分，确定答案。有些特殊的定语从句，如分割式定语从句和插入式定语从
句，一定要先确定先行词，然后再判断作何成分，最后确定用何关系词。
在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词
1． But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s，________ I was the first
Western TV reporter...
2． Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，
influenced the development of chopsticks.
3． Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.
4． I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the
Li River ________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
5． The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.
6． The books on the desk，________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.
7． As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be
independent.
答案：1.when 2.who 3.which 4.that/which5．where 6.whose 7.when
[应对策略]
一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分来确定关系词。
若在从句中作主语和宾语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词。
◆书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦
(一)定语从句意识缺失
1．关系代词被普通代词取代
(误)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_them are my favorite.
(正)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_which are my favorite.
2．关系代词遗漏
(误)The last one leaves the classroom please close the windows.
(正)The last one who_leaves the classroom please close the windows.
第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。
(二)假冒伪劣的定语从句
1．有从无主式
(误)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates.
(正)My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates.
(正)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates，has_a_variety_of_hobbies.
笫一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。
2．从句成分残缺式
(误)Those who_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.
(正)Those who_are_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.
第一句定语从句的谓语不完整。介词against不能单独作谓语。3．画蛇添足式
(误)As can be seen from the picture，that a sad boy stands between his angry parents.
(误)As can be seen from the picture，a man who is talking happily.
(误)I have many collections of stamps，and some of which are my favorite.
第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词来引导的。所以，应去掉that。
第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的who是多余的。
第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）These events have transformed Jingdezhen into an incredible platform for
diversified cooperation and communication, ________ young artistic talents are drawn to its flame like moths.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些活动将景德镇变成了一个不可思议的多元化合作交流平台，年轻的艺术人才
像飞蛾一样被吸引到这里。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词platform，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系
副词where。故填where。
2.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）The typical Chinese alcoholic beverage is baijiu, ________ is made from various
grains.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：典型的中国酒精饮料是白酒，由各种谷物制成。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，
从句缺主语，先行词指物。故填which。
3.（2023·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底）According to the legend, the Jade Emperor(ruler of heaven) would like to
measure time by twelve different animals. He told animals that he would hold a great race on his birthday, the prize of
________ was twelve positions on the Chinese zodiac calendar.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他告诉动物们，他将在他的生日那天举行一场盛大的赛跑，比赛的奖品是中国十
二生肖的十二个位置。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词race，作介词的宾语，指物，
故用关系代词which。故填which。
4.（2023·江苏省高邮市第一中学月考）Despite it being a busy work day, thousands of people wearing black came to the
Mingyangshan Mortuary House in the city, ____59____the memorial service was held at 10 am, to present bouquets (花束)
and bunches of rice and pay tribute (颂词) to Yuan.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：尽管这是一个繁忙的工作日，但数千名身穿黑色衣服的人来到了明阳山殡仪馆，
上午10点在那里举行了追悼仪式，他们献上花束和一束米，并向袁隆平致敬。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行
词是the Mingyangshan Mortuary House，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。5.（2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测）Legends have been passed on about Zheng He in the countries and regions
____41____ he set foot.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：郑和足迹所及的国家和地区都流传着关于他的传说。分析句子可知，空出引导限
制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countries and regions（表示地点的名词）；且从句缺状语，故用关系副词where引
导该从句。故填where。
6.（2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研）Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous artists in the world, _______full name is
really a long one, in fact a mixture of many names.
【答案】whose
【解析】查定语从句。句意：巴勃罗·毕加索是世界上最著名的艺术家之一，他的全名其实是一个很长的名字，实
际上是许多名字的混合体。分析可知， full name is really a long one在句中为非限制性定语从句，先行词为
Pablo Picasso，空处在从句中作定语，指毕加索的全名，所以用关系代词whose，故填whose。
7.（2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考）His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” was a determined
“Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things_______ other people make.”
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他对“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗？”这个问题的回答是坚定的，即“为什么
不呢？我们中国人能够制造和其他人一样的东西。”分析句子可知，此处考查引导定语从句的关系词，指代先行
词things，指物，在从句中作宾语，先行词前有the same修饰，关系代词只能用that。故填that。
8.（2023·江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二）He learned carpentry in his teens, after ____ ____ he taught himself the
arts of painting, poetry, calligraphy and seal cutting.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他十几岁时学习木工，后来自学绘画、诗歌、书法和篆刻艺术。此处引导非限制
性定语从句，先行词是主句陈述的内容，且空前有介词after，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
9.（2023·山西省高三1月适应性调研考试（一模））In addition to the new rocket for manned mission, China is also
developing a new crewed capsule and a lunar lander, _______ will be able to send three astronauts to the lunar orbit and
allow two of them to land on the moon.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构和意思可知， will be able to send three astronauts to the lunar
orbit and allow two of them to land on the moon 是非限制性定语从句，先行词 a new crewed capsule and a lunar lander
在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
10.（2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考）The PLA Navy currently operates two carriers CNS Liaoning and CNS Shandong,
both of ____ ____ have a displacement of around 50, 000 tons and use a ski jump mode for launching fixed wing aircraft.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国人民解放军海军目前操作两艘航母，中国海军辽宁号和中国海军山东号，两
艘排水量大约5万吨，使用滑跃模式用于发射固定翼飞机。此处为“介词+which”结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先
行词CNS Liaoning and CNS Shandong，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which。故填which。
11.（2023·福建省漳州市第一次教学质量检测）The documentary film The Magical Craftsmanship of Suzhou, featuring
Chinese intangible cultural heritages, was launched in Australia and New Zealand on July 28, 2022. Before launching, it
was released in North America in June, ____ ____ stimulated a wide discussion on the eastern aesthetics(美学)and the
intangible cultural heritages.【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在澳大利亚和新西兰上映之前，它曾于6月份在北美发行，这激起了当地人对东
方美学和非遗的广泛讨论。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词为主句内容，所
以应填关系代词which。故填which。
12.（2023·山东省“学情空间”区域教研共同体联考）Another concern is new food allergies because some GMO food
（转基因食品） contain proteins _____ _____ people have never eaten before.
【答案】that/ which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：另一个担忧是新的食物过敏，因为一些转基因食物含有人们从未吃过的蛋白质。
空白处为引导定语从句的关系词，先行词是proteins，定语从句中缺少宾语，应用关系代词that/which引导。故填
that/ which。
13.（2023·山东省青岛市测试）Since 2016 when the company was founded, Chop Value has rescued billions of
chopsticks from landfills. Instead of an economy of the typical take-make-dispose model, Chop Value seeks to create one
_____45_____ transforms waste into a usable resource.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Chop Value不是典型的“随意处理”模式的经济模式，而是寻求创造一种将废物
转化为可用资源的经济模式。分析可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，先行词one指代的是“model”，是物，且one
是不定代词，因此关系代词只用that。故填that。
14.（2023·河北省秦皇岛市部分学校摸底）The awards ceremony for the One Step Chinese–Hungarian Drawing
Competition was held online in China’s Hubei province and Hungary’s Gyor-Moson-Sopron county last week. The
event,____ ____drew nearly 100 participants, including students and teachers, was jointly organized by the respective
local governments.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：此次活动由当地政府联合举办，有近100人参加，其中包括学生和教师。设空处
在句中引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词event，在从句中作主语，此处应用which引导。故填which。
15.（2023·河北省保定市部分学校联考）Thanks to the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, consumption ____56____
is related to the ice-snow industry has gained steam across China.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：得益于北京2022年冬奥会，与冰雪产业相关的消费在中国各地蓬勃发展。分析句
式结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词consumption是物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which来引
导。故填that/which。
16.（2023·湖南省部分校教育联盟摸底测）In the main cultural venue of Jiaxing city’s Xiuzhou District, Zhejiang
Province, a few elderly women are using their imagination and some bright colors to paint the wonderful scenes of life in
Jiangnan, or “south of the Yangtze River”. They are members of a farmer-painter group known as the “Ten Sisters”,
formed in 2009. The group has 12 rural residents, the oldest of ____58____ is 76 years old and the youngest 61.
【答案】whom
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：该集团有12名农村居民，其中年龄最大的76岁，年龄最小的61岁。空格处是
“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词residents，指人，因此空格处用关系代词whom，故填
whom。
17.（2023·江苏省南京市统考）It was Dragonboat Day. Shiny white tents lined the waterfront, providing shade and
refreshments for Dragon Boat paddlers (桨手) from all over California, ____37____ gathered around the Castaic Lake fora festive competition.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：闪亮的白色帐篷排列在码头，为聚集在卡斯泰克湖周围来自加州各地的参加节日
比赛的龙舟桨手提供了阴凉处和点心。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“paddlers”，指人，在
从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“who”引导从句。故填who。
18.（2023·广东省六校高三第一次联考）As China’s gig economy (零工经济) continues to grow, the central government
is seeking better regulations to serve the rights of workers, develop new skills and startups and ensure healthy and
balanced development in the job market. Gig workers, often referred to as independent contractors (承包者) or temporary
workers, are those such as delivery drivers and online sales hosts ___ ____ often enter into contracts with on-demand
companies to provide services to their clients.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：零工通常被称为独立承包商或临时工，是指例如送货司机和在线销售主持人这些
人，他们通常与按需公司签订合同，为客户提供服务。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词those是指人，所以应用
关系代词who。故填who。
19.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟第一次联考英语试题）In recent years, by making use of its cultural advantages, Jingdezhen
has organized important activities on ceramic arts. These events have transformed Jingdezhen into an incredible platform
for diversified cooperation and communication, ____41____ young artistic talents are drawn to its flame like moths.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些活动将景德镇变成了一个不可思议的多元化合作交流平台，年轻的艺术人才
像飞蛾一样被吸引到这里。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词platform，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系
副词where。故填where。
20.（2023·广东省大联考）The typical Chinese alcoholic beverage is baijiu, ____41____ is made from various grains.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：典型的中国酒精饮料是白酒，由各种谷物制成。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，
从句缺主语，先行词指物。故填which。
21.（2023·广东省广州市阶段测试）China has the world’s largest number of world natural heritage sites, according to the
National Forestry and Grassland Administration. The country is now home to 14 world natural heritage sites and four
mixed sites, ____37____ are noted for both cultural and natural features, both leading the world in terms of quantity, the
administration said.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：国家文物局表示，我国目前拥有14处世界自然遗产和4处混合遗产，这些遗产以
文化和自然特征而闻名，数量均居世界前列。分析可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，
先行词“14 world natural heritage sites and four mixed sites”是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
22.（2023·广东省清中、河中、北中、惠中联考）The Wuyi Mountain National Park experimental area is the only park
in China ____41____ is listed as a UNESCO cultural and natural heritage site.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：武夷山国家公园实验区是中国唯一被列入联合国教科文组织文化和自然遗产名录
的公园。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是the only park，在定语从句中作主语，指物，有only修饰，只能用that
引导。故填that。
23.（2023·山东省曲阜市第一中学模拟）Nature has prepared them for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the
bears for the danger ____38____ threatens their only home.【答案】that或which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：但是，北极熊对威胁它们唯一的家园的危险毫无准备。此处是限定性定语从句，
先行词是the danger，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
24.（2023·江苏省镇江市统考）Beijing is a city that straddles(跨越)the divide between the ancient and the modern. It is
home to more than 3,000 years of fascinating history, and a place ____37____ fully embraces the fast-paced development
of modern life, with high-rise 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with cultural relics of the past.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它是3000多年迷人历史的家园，是一个完全拥抱现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21
世纪的高层建筑奇迹与过去的文物并存。分析句子可知，此处为连词that/which引导的限制性定语从句，先行词a
place在从句中作主语成分。故填that/which。
25.（2023·江苏省高邮市第一中学月考）Despite it being a busy work day, thousands of people wearing black came to
the Mingyangshan Mortuary House in the city, ____59____the memorial service was held at 10 am, to present bouquets
(花束) and bunches of rice and pay tribute (颂词) to Yuan.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：尽管这是一个繁忙的工作日，但数千名身穿黑色衣服的人来到了明阳山殡仪馆，
上午10点在那里举行了追悼仪式，他们献上花束和一束米，并向袁隆平致敬。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行
词是the Mingyangshan Mortuary House，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
26.（2023·重庆市巴蜀中学月考卷（一））The first-ever online marketplace for allotments(菜地), AllotMe, has unveiled
plans for rapid expansion after securing more than 250, 000$ from investors. Proposed in May last year by Conor
Gallapher, the plan seeks to address the shortage of available garden space in response to rising demand in towns and
cities, particularly in London,____58____ there are waiting lists of up to 40 years for allotment sites.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：该计划由Conor Gallapher于去年5月提出，旨在解决可用花园面积短缺的问题，
以应对城镇不断增长的需求，尤其是在伦敦，那里等待小块土地的名单长达40年。本处是非限定性定语从句，先
行词是London，是表示地点的名词，空处是关系词，从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where；故填where。
27.（2023·广东省名校联盟高三大联考试题）Bungee jumping originated with an ancient adult initiation ceremony on
the Pentecost Islands in Vanuatu,________young men jumped off a high platform with vines (葡萄藤) attached to their
feet as a test of their courage and passage into manhood.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：蹦极起源于瓦努阿图的五旬节群岛上的一项古老的成人仪式，年轻男子从一个高
高的平台上跳下，脚上系着藤蔓，以考验他们的勇气和成年的道路。根据句子结构可知，该空是非限制性定语从
句的关系词，先行词 the Pentecost Islands in Vanuatu 指地点，关系词在定语从句中作状语，故此空为关系副词
where。故填where。
28.（2023·河北省五个一名校联盟摸底）“OMG! It's so cute!” Since posts with such descriptions spread on social
media in ____36____ a lovable panda is waving and smiling, Bing Dwen Dwen has become a star in the Olympic Villages,
venues, and almost everywhere.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自从这只可爱的熊猫挥手微笑的帖子在社交媒体上传播开来后，“冰墩墩”就成
了奥运村、场馆以及几乎所有地方的明星。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句修饰先行词posts，作介词的宾
语，指物，用which。故填which。29.（2023·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研）Gabriel’s study found that people ____40____ have strong bonds to others
are more likely to use comfort foods after an argument or other emotionally stressful occasion.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Gabriel的研究发现，与他人关系密切的人更有可能在争吵或其他情绪紧张的场合
后吃安慰食物。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who
引导，故填who。
30.（2023·湖北省联考） These are the famous chime-bells of Marquis Yi of the Zeng State, the largest and most
complete set of chime-bells ________ exists today in China.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是著名的曾侯仪编钟，是中国现存最大、最完整的编钟。根据句子结构可知，
该空是定语从句的关系词，先行词chime-bells 指物，在定语从句中作主语，先行词前有最高级修饰，只能用
that。故填that。
31.（2023·山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模）Becca Rodomsky-Bish,________works at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology
in New York, is the project’s leader.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Becca Rodomsky-Bish在纽约康奈尔鸟类学实验室工作，是该项目的负责人。这里
为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Becca Rodomsky-Bish”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用who。故填who。
32.（2023·浙江省杭州第二中学新适应性测试）Over the past 40 years, Du Dejian has received numerous visitors at the
library ___36___ he established in his home in Zhangfang village of Yongji, Shanxi province.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在过去的40年里，杜德建在山西省永济市张房村的家中建立了自己的图书馆，接
待了无数的参观者。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 library，先行词在从句中作宾语，指物，故用关系代词 that或
which引导。故填that/which。
33.（2023·湖南省邵阳市第二中月考）Youth Day in China falls on May 4. It originates from the May 4th Movement,
____36____ happened during World War One. China attended the so called “Peace Conference” in Paris as one of the
victorious nations.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它起源于发生在第一次世界大战期间的五四运动。分析句子可知，句子为非限制
性定语从句，先行词为“May 4th Movement”，指事物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故
填which。
34.（2023·河北省石家庄市全过程试题）But when I came to the special education school, I even found a completely
blind teacher was giving a class, ___ __ ___ inspired e to work hard to become a special education teacher in the future,”
Zhang said.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：但当我来到特殊教育学校时，我甚至发现一个完全失明的老师在给我上课，这激
励了我努力学习，将来成为一名特殊教育教师。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是“a completely blind teacher
was giving a class”这件事，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
35.（2023·广东省深圳市二调） This is a performance_______requires extraordinary courage, skill and strength.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句的连接词。句意：这是一项需要非凡勇气、技巧和力量的表演。先行词为performance, 指物，在定语从句中充当主语成分，从句由关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
36.（2023·湖北省腾云联盟联考）The PLA Navy currently operates two carriers CNS Liaoning and CNS Shandong, both
of ____64____ have a displacement of around 50, 000 tons and use a ski jump mode for launching fixed wing aircraft.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国人民解放军海军目前操作两艘航母，中国海军辽宁号和中国海军山东号，两
艘排水量大约5万吨，使用滑跃模式用于发射固定翼飞机。此处为“介词+which”结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先
行词CNS Liaoning and CNS Shandong，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which。故填which。
37.（2023·江苏省高邮市第一中学阶段测试一）“There are many people ____42____ are eager to work even though
they can’t move. If they have an opportunity to get a job, it gives them confidence,” said the inventor.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：有很多人即使动弹不得也渴望工作。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为
people，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，此处可用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
38.（2023·江苏省南京市第一中学第一次模拟）Monarchs (黑脉金斑蝶) are the only butterflies known to make two-
way migrations, as birds do. In the late summer and early fall, the butterflies typically leave southern Canada and northern
and central regions of the United States. They make a dangerous trip to Florida and Mexico, ____57____ the weather is
warmer. In recent years, monarch populations have been dropping dramatically. To help save the monarchy butterfly
population, teens in the North Carolina community formed a club.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们进行了一次从到佛罗里达和墨西哥的危险旅行，那里的天气比较暖和。此处
为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Florida and Mexico，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。
39.（2023·河北联考）Researchers say technology may have solved a mystery about markings at Jerusalem’s Church of
the Holy Sepulchre. The special markings are thousands of crosses carved into the walls of the church, which is one of
Christianity’s holiest places. As one of the world’s Christian religious centers, it is thought that the markings were graffiti
created by religious travelers, most of ____48____ visited the church in the past.
【答案】whom
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：作为世界上基督教的宗教中心之一，这些标记被认为是由宗教旅行者创造的涂鸦，
他们中的大多数人过去都去过教堂。此处为定语从句，先行词为travelers，指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，故应用
whom指代，故填whom。
40.（2023·安徽省十联考第一次教学质量检测）Meanwhile, the regulation clarified rules for responsibilities and auto
insurance coverage in the event of car accidents ____69____ involve autonomous driving, which is expected to promote
the fast development of self-driving vehicles.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：同时，该规定明确了涉及自动驾驶的交通事故的责任和车险范围，这有望推动自
动驾驶汽车的快速发展。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词是car
accidents，故此处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
41.（2023·浙江省9 1高中联盟模拟）Among the civilian teams that left for Turkey on Wednesday was Blue Sky
Rescue, a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization, ________ members come from provincial-level regions of China.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：见第 5 题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知， members come from
provincial-level regions of China是定语从句，先行词organization在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose引导。故填
whose。42.（2023·哈尔滨师范大学附属中学第三次模拟） JongMay thought it was her “Chinese-style princess dream”
________ led her back to China. She launched a company in April aiming for the promotion of traditional Chinese culture
through social media videos.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：JongMay认为是她的“中国式公主梦”让她回到了中国。分析句子结构可知，此
处为强调句型“it was...that...”，强调的是句子主语“her “Chinese-style princess dream””。故填that。
43.（2023·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底）According to the legend, the Jade Emperor(ruler of heaven) would like to
measure time by twelve different animals. He told animals that he would hold a great race on his birthday, the prize of
____41____ was twelve positions on the Chinese zodiac calendar.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他告诉动物们，他将在他的生日那天举行一场盛大的赛跑，比赛的奖品是中国十
二生肖的十二个位置。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词race，作介词的宾语，指物，
故用关系代词which。故填which。
44.（2023·江西省赣抚吉11校联考）There is a saying ____67____ goes, “Enjoying the clouds of various forms in July
and August.”
【答案】that或which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：有句话说得好，“七八月赏千姿百态的云。”。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从
句，关系词指先行词saying指物，并在从句中作主语，因此空处应用that或which引导定语从句。故填that或
which。
45. (2023·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学) People have the custom to show respect to cattle by hitting the head of a
paper- made cattle with colored wooden sticks, ________is meant to drive out the cattle’s winter laziness and encourage
farmers to prepare for spring plowing.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：人们有用彩色木棍击打纸做的牛头以示尊重的习俗，这是为了赶走牛的冬天懒惰，
鼓励农民准备春耕。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the custom，关系词代替先行词在定
语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
46.（2023·重庆市巴蜀中学月考） “It can get really crowded with customers, especially on weekends, during ______
we need to keep the door open from 11 in the morning to 12 midnight, ” a shop owner said.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一位店主说：“这里的顾客真的很拥挤，尤其是在周末，我们需要从早上11点开
到午夜12点。”此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词weekends，作介词的宾语，指物，
故用which引导。故填which。
47.（2023·江西省新高三第一次摸底联考）Making friends was my big concern at first but I soon settled in and became
good friends with the fellow teachers. There weren’t many foreigners at the school in ___44___ I was teaching, but I had
plenty of friendly neighbours to keep me company. They often had me round for dinner!
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我任教的学校里没有多少外国人，但我有很多友好的邻居陪伴着我。此处为介词
in+which引导的定语从句，先行词school在从句中作状语成分，in+which相当于关系副词where。故填which。
48.（2023·河南省信阳高级中学）Zhoukoudian is a small village lying about 50 kilometers to the southwest of BeijingCity. In the 1920s, archaeologists (考古学家) discovered some prehistoric human bones there, ____41____changed
people’s view of China’s history.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：20世纪20年代，考古学家在那里发现了一些史前人类骨骼，这改变了人们对中国
历史的看法。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为“some prehistoric human bones”，所以应用关系代词
which。故填which。
49.（2023·云南省玉溪第一中学考试）In early history, the Silk Road was the most important trade route, marking the
beginning of globalization. As the first route ____64____ introduced the Eastern world to the Western civilization, the Silk
Road in China can date from the Han dynasty in ancient China.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国丝绸之路是中国古代将东方世界引入西方文明的第一条路，可以追溯到汉代。
此处为定语从句修饰先行词route，且先行词被序数词the first修饰，在从句中作主语，指物，所以应用关系代词
that。故填that。
50.（2023·湖北省模拟测试） Having survived many centuries, kites have become one of the country’s representative
traditional handicrafts, _ ____ ___ making techniques were included in the list of China’s national intangible cultural
heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2006.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是kites，和
making techniques是所属关系，应使用关系代词whose，故填whose。
能力提升
【浙江省嘉兴市2023届高三教学测试（二）】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
Tea drinking has been a traditional custom among native Beijingers. Teahouses formed in the Tang Dynasty,took off in
the Song Dynasty and were recorded in YuanQu ____ 1 ____ ( write) in the Yuan Dynasty. As society developed,private
teahouses, tea bars and teahouses with diverse features ____ 2 ____ ( create). Teahouses often served as centers of social
interaction where people came to discuss personal affairs or even ____ 3 ____ ( politics) issues.
There are different types of teahouses including Pure Teahouses, Teahouses for Storytelling, Chess Teouses,etc. In Pure
Teahouses, people do nothing but drink tea, most of ____ 4 ____ are unoccupied persons or the young from the rich family.
Teahouses for Storyelling, ____ 5 ____ ( normal) in the afternoon and night, are welcomed by people with an interest in
novels, pingshu and storytelling. Chess Teahouses are popular among those interested in playing chess.In the Qing Dynasty,
there were also Chess Teahouses that served scholars and ____ 6 ____ (official) near Shichahai.
The tea culture has regained its popularity after a long term of dcline. In recent years teahouses with local
characteristics ____ 7 ____ ( appear) in Beijing with the performance of Beijing Opera, or the combination of tea culture,
folk customs ____ 8 ____ arts.
Laoshe Teahouse, for example, is widely famous in and beyond China ____ 9 ____ a cultural symbol in Beijing, where a
large number of tea fans gather, _____ 10 _____ (enjoy) its rich tea culture.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了喝茶是北京人的传统习俗。茶馆形成于唐代，兴起于宋代，并
在元代的元曲中有记载。随着社会的发展，出现了各种特色的私人茶馆、茶吧和茶馆。茶馆通常是社会交往的中
心，人们来这里讨论个人事务甚至政治问题。
1．written考查非谓语动词。茶馆形成于唐代，兴起于宋代，并在元代的《元曲》中有记载。分析句子可知，此处
为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰YuanQu，YuanQu和动词write为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填written。2．were created考查动词时态语态。随着社会的发展，出现了各种特色的私人茶楼、茶吧和茶馆。此处为谓语动词
的填入，主语tea bars and teahouses复数名词和动词create为被动关系，结合上文时态可知，此处应为过去时，所
以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填were created。
3．political 考查形容词。茶馆通常是社会交往的中心，人们来这里讨论个人事务甚至政治问题。由空后issues为
名词可知，此处为形容词形式修饰该名词。故填political。
4．whom考查定语从句。在纯粹的茶馆里，人们除了喝茶什么都不做，大多是闲人或富家子弟。此处为介词of+关
系代词whom引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词people在从句中作of的宾语成分。故填whom。
5．normally 考查词形转换。讲故事的茶馆通常在下午和晚上，受到喜欢小说、评书和讲故事的人的欢迎。此处
为副词作状语修饰整个句子。故填normally。
6．officials考查名词复数。清代什刹海附近还有棋茶馆，为士大夫服务。由and连接的scholars为复数名词可知，
此处也应为名词的复数形式，保持一致。故填officials。
7．have appeared 考查动词时态。近年来，随着京剧的表演，或茶文化、民俗和艺术的结合，北京出现了具有地方
特色的茶馆。根据In recent years时间状语可知，此处为现在完成时，主语teahouses为复数名词，所以为动词的复
数形式。故填have appeared。
8．and考查连词。近年来，随着京剧的表演，或茶文化、民俗和艺术的结合，北京出现了具有地方特色的茶馆。
根据句意可知，此处为连词and连接的前后名词构成并列关系。故填and。
9．as考查介词。以老舍茶馆为例，它作为北京的一个文化象征而闻名中外，大量的茶迷聚集在这里，享受着丰富
的茶文化。根据句意以及空后的a cultural symbol名词可知，此处为介词as“作为”后接名词，满足句意要求。故填
as。
10．enjoying考查非谓语动词。以老舍茶馆为例，它作为北京的一个文化象征而闻名中外，大量的茶迷聚集在这
里，享受着丰富的茶文化。此处为非谓语动词作状语，enjoy和逻辑主语tea fans为主动关系，所以为现在分词形
式。故填enjoying。
真题感知
1.（2023·全国乙卷 语法填空）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes
the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with
historical buildings of the past.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:除了它所有的古老建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建
筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并立。本空引导定语从句,修饰名词place,本空在从句中作主语、指物,故应用关系代词
which或that。
2.（2023·全国甲卷 语法填空）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,63. Rachel Carson says in
“A Fable for Tomorrow”.
【答案】as
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如Rachel Carson在《明天的寓言》中所说,今天寓言的形式仍然有价值。
此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句,as作says的宾语,指代前面整个句子的内容。故填as。
3.（2023·全国甲卷 语法填空）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are
seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy
peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在那里所有的生命似乎都享受着和周围环境的和平共处。此处是where引导的定语
从句,where在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。
4.【2022·新高考I卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___45___ live within the
Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并
显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作
指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
5.【2022·全国甲卷】On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of
eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
【答案】 who
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40
个城市和县。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语。故填who。
6.（2022 年浙江 1 月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but
growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
【答案】that/who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者
中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使
用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
7（2021 新课标 II 卷）I decided that if I learned of a company___________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email
urging it to cut back.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使
用塑料。分析句子结构， ________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中
作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
8（2021 浙江卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether
someone is a healthy weight.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。
分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
9（2021天津卷）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the
natural world.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a
season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。
10（2020新课标I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a
satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须
把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空
处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
11（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying to
link new experiences to old memories.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。
分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词 everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，
所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
12（2020新课标III卷）In ancient China lived an artist______ paintings were almost lifelike.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 artist，
且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
13（2019新课标II卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_________she
opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一
词的宾语，故用which。
14（2019 新课标 III 卷）They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these
animals.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行
词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
15（2019浙江卷）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______ gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或
which引导。故填that/which。
16（2019北京卷）The students benefitting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(参与) in academic
life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。______ are totally
engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who。
17（2018新课标I卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ___________showed a mere
five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句，先行词为study，在定语从句中作主语，所以用which或that引导。
18（2018新课标II卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a
soil-testing program ________gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped
by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为program，在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which引导。
19（2018浙江卷）Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they
realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是 westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词 who/
that引导，故填who/that。
20（2018·北京）She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which B. who
C. as D. that
【答案】A
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them
keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词 which引导。
A选项正确。
21（2017新课标I卷）Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and
will improve the taste of your food. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _________is not good for the
health.
【答案】which
【解析】本题主要考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，主句主谓完整，定语从句缺少主语且从句前有逗号，故此
处应填入关系代词 which，故正确答案为 which。
22（2017新课标 III 卷）But Sarah, ___________has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has
brains as well as beauty.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是Sarah，因此引导定语从句应使用who。
23（2016 新课标 I 卷）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,
____________I was the first Western TV reporter was permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from
starvation in the wild.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。划线处后面I was the first Western TV reporter was permitted to film a special unit caring for
pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.是一个完整的句子，且先行词he mid-1980s，故答案为when。
24（2016新课标III卷）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，___________lived from roughly
551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the development of chopsticks.
【答案】who
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Confucius孔子，定语从句缺
少主语，且指人，故填who。
25（2015新课标I卷）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark
waters of the Li River _________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为Li River，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词。句意：漓江被许多艺术家所绘画。故
用that/which。
26（2014新课标I卷）Maybe you leave a habit ________is driving your family crazy.【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。本句是一个定语从句，先行词是a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词that/which指代先行词，
在句做主语，不能省略。故填which/that。
