初中英语主谓一致:三个原则和常见易错点

主谓一致，就是主语和谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。单数主语配单数谓语，复数主语配复数谓语。

考试中，除了基本规则，更常考的是三种情况：就远原则、就近原则、意义一致。判断时先别急，先找真正的主语，再看单复数。

一、基本规则：语法一致

单数名词、代词、不定式、从句作主语，谓语用单数。
To learn English is useful.

复数名词作主语，谓语用复数。
The students are reading.

and连接两个并列主语，通常用复数。
Tom and Jerry are friends.

但如果and连接的两部分指同一个人或物，谓语用单数。
The teacher and friend is coming.

二、就远原则：看前面真正的主语

当主语后面跟着 with、together with、as well as、along with、except、but、like、including 等词时，后面这些词不影响谓语。谓语只看前面真正的主语。

The teacher with his students is here.
看teacher，用is。

He as well as I is wrong.
看he，用is。

All except me are present.
看all，用are。

The book together with pens is mine.
看book，用is。

可以记成：with、except 后接的词，不影响谓语，谓语就远看。

三、就近原则：看离谓语最近的主语

在 there be 句型中，以及 either...or、neither...nor、not only...but also、or 连接的并列主语中，谓语由最靠近它的主语决定。

There is a book and two pens.
靠近book，用is。

Either you or he is right.
靠近he，用is。

Neither the boys nor the girl likes it.
靠近girl，用likes。

Not only I but also she is late.
靠近she，用is。

可以记成：or、neither 等结构，谓语就近看。

四、意义一致：看整体还是成员

family、class、team、group 等集合名词，强调整体时用单数，强调成员时用复数。

My family is big.
指家庭整体。

My family are watching TV.
指家人成员。

the + 形容词表示一类人，谓语用复数。
The old need care.

五、不定代词与数量表达

everyone、everybody、someone、nobody、something、anything、nothing 作主语，谓语用单数。
Everyone is here.
Nothing is impossible.

both 作主语，谓语用复数。
Both are good.

each 作主语或修饰主语，谓语用单数。
Each of them has a book.

a number of + 复数名词，谓语用复数，表示“许多”。
A number of students are playing.

the number of + 复数名词，谓语用单数，表示“……的数量”。
The number of students is 50.

分数或百分数 + of + 名词，谓语由 of 后面的名词决定。
Two thirds of the apple is red.
Two thirds of the apples are red.

六、自测与改错

The girl with two cats is cute.
就远看girl。

There is some milk and apples.
就近看milk。

Neither Tom nor I am wrong.
就近看I。

The number of books is 100.
the number of 用单数。

Everyone likes reading.
不定代词用单数。

常见改错：

The teacher with students are here.
改为 is，就远看 teacher。

Either you or I are right.
改为 am，就近看 I。

A number of students is 50.
改为 are，a number of 用复数。

Someone have taken it.
改为 has，不定代词用单数。

The number of boys are 20.
改为 is，the number of 用单数。

七、考前速记清单

with、together with、as well as、except 后接的词，不影响谓语，谓语就远看。
or、either...or、neither...nor、not only...but also，谓语就近看。
every-、some-、any-、no- 开头的不定代词，通常用单数。
a number of 用复数，the number of 用单数，差一个 the，谓语会变。
主语从句、动名词、不定式作主语，谓语用单数。
What he said is true.
Reading is learning.
news、means、works 等形复意单的词，作主语时用单数。

主谓一致的本质，就是先找真主语，再判单复数。遇到 with、except 想就远，遇到 or、neither 想就近，遇到 everyone 想单数，遇到 a number of 和 the number of 看有没有 the。

平时把错题整理一遍，比单纯背规则更有效。