ARTICLE · 1092290
一篇搞定高中英语!语法、词汇、题型技巧全汇总
很多同学学英语总卡在语法混乱、词汇零散，做题找不到解题思路。今天整理了人教版高中英语全套核心考点，从句子成分、三大从句、虚拟语气等基础语法，到必修 & 选必核心词汇，再到语法填空、阅读、读后续写等题型技巧，搭配写作高分句型。系统梳理考点，理清知识脉络，方便碎片化复习，助力高考英语稳步提分。
01
基础语法
专题一 句子成分与英语五大基本句型
1. 句子成分
Tom likes reading. 汤姆喜欢阅读。
Tom likes reading. 汤姆喜欢阅读。
Tom likes reading. 汤姆喜欢阅读。
Tom is happy. 汤姆很开心。
The beautiful girl is my sister. 那个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。
He runs fast. 他跑得很快。
We keep the room clean. 我们保持房间干净。
2. 英语五大基本句型
The sun rises. 太阳升起。
He laughed. 他笑了。
The flower smells sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
I love English. 我爱英语。
He gave me a book. ＝ He gave a book to me. 他给了我一本书。
We ask him to help us. 我们请他帮忙。
专题二 动词时态与语态
（一）八大核心时态
1. 一般现在时
The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。
He gets up at six every day. 他每天六点起床。
2. 一般过去时
I visited my uncle last summer. 去年夏天我拜访了叔叔。
3. 一般将来时
It will rain tomorrow. 明天会下雨。
I am going to learn English. 我打算学英语。
He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 他明天动身去北京。
4. 现在进行时
She is reading a novel now. 她正在读小说。
5. 过去进行时
I was watching TV at eight last night. 昨晚八点我正在看电视。
6. 现在完成时
I have finished my homework. 我已经写完作业了。（现在不用再写了）
He has lived here for five years. 他在这里住了五年。
7. 过去完成时
By the time he arrived, we had left. 在他到达之前，我们已经离开了。
8. 现在完成进行时
I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我已经等你两个小时了。
（二）被动语态
时态 | 主动形式 | 被动形式 | 例句 |
一般现在时 | do / does | am/is/are done | Rice is grown in the south. 水稻在南方种植。 |
一般过去时 | did | was/were done | The letter was sent yesterday. 信昨天寄出。 |
一般将来时 | will do | will be done | The task will be finished tomorrow. 任务明天将完成。 |
现在进行时 | am/is/are doing | am/is/are being done | The bridge is being built. 这座桥正在被修建。 |
现在完成时 | have/has done | have/has been done | The task has been finished. 任务已经完成。 |
过去完成时 | had done | had been done | The work had been done by then. 到那时工作已完成。 |
✓ Great changes have taken place.
✗ Great changes have been taken place.
专题三 情态动词
1. can / could
I can swim. 我会游泳。
He could run fast when he was young. 年轻时他跑得很快。
It can't be true. 这不可能是真的。
2. may / might
May I come in? 我可以进来吗？
It may rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能下雨。
3. must
You must follow the rules. 你必须遵守规则。
The light is on. He must be at home. 灯亮着，他一定在家。
— Must I go? — No, you needn't. 我必须去吗？——不，你不必。
4. should / ought to
You should take a rest. 你应该休息一下。
5. 情态动词 + have done（高考高频考点）
结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
must have done | 过去一定做了（肯定推测） | You must have seen him yesterday. 你昨天一定见到他了。 |
can't / couldn't have done | 过去不可能做了（否定推测） | He can't have finished it. 他不可能已完成。 |
may / might have done | 过去可能做了 | She may have left the office. 她可能已离开办公室。 |
should have done | 本应该做而没做（责备） | You should have told me earlier. 你本应该早点告诉我。 |
shouldn't have done | 本不该做却做了 | You shouldn't have said that. 你本不该说那样的话。 |
could have done | 本可以做却没做 | I could have helped you. 我本可以帮你。 |
needn't have done | 本不必做却做了 | You needn't have bought the gift. 你本不必买这份礼物。 |
专题四 非谓语动词
1. 不定式 to do
2. doing 的两种身份
The girl standing there is my classmate. 站在那里的女孩是我同学。
He sat there, reading a book. 他坐在那里看书。（伴随状语）
3. done 过去分词
The book written by Lu Xun is popular. 鲁迅写的这本书很受欢迎。
Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful. 从山上看，公园很美。（公园被看）
4. 非谓语时态语态小结
形式 | 含义 | 例句 |
doing | 主动、同时发生 | He sat there, reading a book. 他坐在那里看书。 |
done | 被动、已完成 | The work finished, he left. 工作完成后他离开了。 |
to do | 表将来/目的 | He came to see me. 他来看我。 |
having done | 主动、先于主句谓语 | Having finished his work, he went home. 完成工作后他回家了。 |
having been done | 被动、先于主句谓语 | Having been warned, he stayed calm. 被警告后他保持镇定。 |
专题五 三大从句
1. 定语从句
The girl who is standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我妹妹。
This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的书。
The house whose roof is red belongs to him. 那栋红屋顶的房子是他的。
I still remember the day when we met. 我还记得我们见面那天。
This is the house in which he lived. ＝ where he lived. 这是他住过的房子。
He passed the exam, which made his mother happy. 他通过考试，这件事让妈妈很开心。
2. 名词性从句
What he said is true. 他说的话是真的。
That he will come iscertain. 他会来这件事是确定的。（that 不省略）
It is clear that you are right. 显然你是对的。（it 作形式主语）
I think (that) he is honest. 我认为他很诚实。
The truth is that he lied. 真相是他撒谎了。
The news that our team won is true. 我们队赢了——这个消息是真的。（同位语从句，解释 news 的内容）
The news that he told me is true. 他告诉我的消息是真的。（定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语）
✓ I don't know where he lives.
✗ I don't know where does he live.
3. 状语从句
I will wait until you come back. 我会等，直到你回来。
You will fail unless you work hard. 除非你努力，否则你会失败。
Although he is young, he knows a lot. 虽然他年纪小，但懂得很多。
He is so tired that he can't walk further. 他太累了，走不动了。
Plant trees where there is plenty of sunlight. 在阳光充足的地方种树。
专题六 虚拟语气
1. if 引导的虚拟条件句
虚拟情况 | If 从句 | 主句 | 例句 |
与现在事实相反 | 过去式（be 动词一律用 were） | would/could/might/should + do | If I were you, I would take the chance. 如果我是你，我会抓住机会。 |
与过去事实相反 | had done | would/could/might/should + have done | If I had known the truth, I would have told you. 如果我当时知道真相，我就告诉你了。 |
与将来事实相反 | ①过去式 ②should do ③were to do | would/could/might/should + do | If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off the trip. 万一明天下雨，我们就推迟旅行。 |
Had you come earlier, you would have met him. 如果你早点来，就能见到他。
2. wish / as if / would rather 后的虚拟
I wish I were a bird. 我但愿我是一只鸟。
as if /as though（好像）表示“好像、仿佛”：
与现在相反：过去式
He talks as if he knew everything. 他说起话来好像什么都懂。
与过去相反：had done
He talks as if he had been there. 他说得好像去过那里一样。
✔ 注意：若“有可能是真的”，不用虚拟，用陈述语气。
It looks as if it is going to rain.（看样子要下雨，很可能成真，真实语气）
would rather (that) 宁愿……
I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
I would rather you hadn’t told him. 我真希望你当初没告诉他。
3. 表示“建议/要求/命令”的虚拟
He suggested that we (should) start early. 他建议我们早点出发。
专题七 特殊句式（强调、倒装、主谓一致、省略）
1. 强调句
It was yesterday that I met him. 我是昨天遇见他的。（强调时间）
It is I who am responsible. 负责任的是我。
2. 倒装句
Never have I seen such a beautiful place. 我从未见过这么美的地方。
Only when he came back did I know the truth. 直到他回来我才知道真相。
Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。
3. 主谓一致
Neither you nor he is wrong. 你和他都没错。
Tom together with his friends likes football. 汤姆和他的朋友们喜欢足球。
My family is a big one. 我家是个大家庭。（整体）
My family all like music. 我的家人们都喜欢音乐。（成员）
4. 省略
When (he was) walking down the street, he saw a cat. 走在街上时，他看见了一只猫。
专题八 冠词、代词、形容词与副词比较级
1. 冠词 a / an / the / 零冠词
play the piano 弹钢琴；play basketball 打篮球
2. 形容词与副词比较等级
He runs much faster than me. 他跑得比我快得多。
This is the tallest building in our city. 这是我们市最高的楼。
专题九 词类基础知识
Neither of the answers is right. 两个答案都不对。
02
补充语法（高考难点）
It is important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
I find it difficult to learn maths. 我发现学数学很难。
It was in the park that we met. 我们是在公园里相遇的。
专题十一 独立主格结构
Weather permitting, we will go hiking. 如果天气允许，我们就去远足。
The work done, he went home. 工作做完后，他回家了。
He came in, book in hand. 他手里拿着书进来了。
专题十二 倍数表达法
This room is three times as big as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
The new bridge is twice as long as the old one. 这座新桥的长度是旧桥的两倍。
专题十三 插入语
To tell you the truth, I don't like this movie. 说实话，我不喜欢这部电影。
As we all know, practice makes perfect. 众所周知，熟能生巧。
专题十四 主谓一致特殊名词补充
The news is good. 这个消息很好。
Three years is a long time. 三年是很长的时间。
03
核心词汇与短语
必修第一册高频词汇与短语
单元 | 核心单词/短语 | 含义与用法要点 |
Welcome Unit | approach | v. 接近；n. 方法，途径（后接 to doing，to 为介词） |
Welcome Unit | improve | v. 改进，提高（improvement n.） |
Unit 1 Teenage Life | prefer | v. 更喜欢（prefer doing to doing / prefer to do rather than do） |
Unit 1 Teenage Life | volunteer | v. 自愿做；n. 志愿者 |
Unit 1 Teenage Life | challenge | n./v. 挑战 |
Unit 2 Travelling Around | apply | v. 申请（apply for）；应用（apply to） |
Unit 2 Travelling Around | arrange | v. 安排（arrange for sb. to do sth.） |
Unit 2 Travelling Around | request | v./n. 请求（request sb. to do / that sb. (should) do） |
Unit 3 Sports and Fitness | fitness | n. 健康，健壮 |
Unit 3 Sports and Fitness | recommend | v. 推荐，建议（recommend doing / that sb. (should) do） |
Unit 4 Natural Disasters | suffer | v. 遭受（suffer from） |
Unit 4 Natural Disasters | strike | v. 打击；袭击；罢工（过去式 struck） |
Unit 5 Languages Around the World | attitude | n. 态度（attitude to/towards） |
Unit 5 Languages Around the World | bother | v. 打扰，麻烦 |
必修第二册高频词汇与短语
单元 | 核心单词/短语 | 含义与用法要点 |
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage | preserve | v. 保护，保存 |
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage | promote | v. 促进；提升（promote sth. 促进某事物） |
Unit 2 Wildlife Protection | reserve | v. 保留；预订；n. 保护区（in reserve 储备） |
Unit 2 Wildlife Protection | alarm | n. 警报；v. 使惊恐（alarmed adj. 惊恐的） |
Unit 3 The Internet | benefit | n. 益处；v. 有益于（benefit from 从……获益） |
Unit 3 The Internet | convenient | adj. 方便的（It is convenient for sb. to do sth.） |
Unit 4 History and Traditions | belong | v. 属于（belong to 无被动语态，to 为介词） |
Unit 4 History and Traditions | traditions | n. 传统（traditional adj.） |
Unit 5 Music | compose | v. 创作（作曲）；构成（be composed of 由……组成） |
Unit 5 Music | perform | v. 表演；表现（performance n.） |
必修第三册高频词汇与短语
单元 | 核心单词/短语 | 含义与用法要点 |
Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations | celebrate | v. 庆祝（celebration n.） |
Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations | occasion | n. 场合（on occasion 有时） |
Unit 2 Morals and Virtues | moral | adj. 道德的；n. 寓意 |
Unit 2 Morals and Virtues | virtue | n. 美德，优点 |
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures | diverse | adj. 多种多样的（diversity n.） |
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures | immigrate | v. 移民（immigrant n. 移民） |
Unit 4 Space Exploration | explore | v. 探索，探测（exploration n.） |
Unit 4 Space Exploration | launch | v./n. 发射；发起 |
Unit 5 The Value of Money | apologize | v. 道歉（apologize to sb. for sth.） |
Unit 5 The Value of Money | judge | v. 判断；n. 法官（judging by/from 根据……判断） |
选择性必修第一、二册高频词汇与短语
册别 | 核心单词/短语 | 含义与用法要点 |
选必一 Unit 1 People of Achievement | acknowledge | v. 承认；致谢（acknowledge doing） |
选必一 Unit 2 Looking into the Future | predict | v. 预测（prediction n.） |
选必一 Unit 2 Looking into the Future | oppose | v. 反对（be opposed to doing，to 为介词） |
选必一 Unit 3 Fascinating Parks | surround | v. 包围（be surrounded by/with） |
选必一 Unit 4 Body Language | interpret | v. 解释；口译（interpretation n.） |
选必一 Unit 5 Working the Land | nutrition | n. 营养（nutritious adj. 有营养的） |
选必二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists | suspect | v. 怀疑（suspect sb. of doing） |
选必二 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures | adapt | v. 适应（adapt to）；改编（be adapted from） |
选必二 Unit 3 Food and Culture | consume | v. 消耗，消费（consumer n. 消费者） |
选必二 Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land | commercial | adj. 商业的 |
选必二 Unit 5 First Aid | poison | n. 毒药；v. 使中毒（poisonous adj. 有毒的） |
选择性必修第三、四册高频词汇与短语
册别 | 核心单词/短语 | 含义与用法要点 |
选必三 Unit 1 Art | precious | adj. 珍贵的 |
选必三 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle | reliable | adj. 可靠的（rely on 依赖） |
选必三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection | emission | n. 排放物（emit v. 排放） |
选必三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage | adversity | n. 逆境，困境 |
选必三 Unit 5 Poems | convey | v. 传达，表达（convey sth. to sb.） |
选必四 Unit 1 Science Fiction | ambition | n. 雄心，抱负（ambitious adj.） |
选必四 Unit 2 Iconic Attractions | iconic | adj. 标志性的，偶像的 |
选必四 Unit 3 Sea Exploration | exploit | v. 开发；利用；剥削 |
选必四 Unit 4 Sharing | perspective | n. 观点，视角（from one's perspective） |
选必四 Unit 5 Launching Your Career | occupation | n. 职业；占领 |
高考高频易错短语搭配（介词后接 doing）
be opposed to doing sth. 反对做某事 look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 devote oneself to doing sth. 致力于做某事 pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事 object to doing sth. 反对做某事 be addicted to doing sth. 沉迷于做某事
I am looking forward to hearing from you. 我期待收到你的来信。
高考高频短语动词
短语动词 | 含义 | 短语动词 | 含义 |
break down | 出故障；崩溃 | turn out | 结果是；生产 |
break up | 分手；解散 | turn up | 出现；调大 |
bring up | 抚养；提出 | put off | 推迟 |
carry on | 继续 | put up | 张贴；搭建 |
come up | 走近；被提出 | set up | 建立；设立 |
give up | 放弃 | take off | 起飞；脱下；成功 |
give away | 赠送；泄露 | take up | 占据；开始从事 |
go through | 经历；仔细检查 | work out | 锻炼；算出；解决 |
look after | 照顾 | run out (of) | 用完 |
look up | 查阅；向上看 | point out | 指出 |
04
高考题型专项技巧
专题十五 语法填空
专题十六 短文改错
错误类型 | 典型错误 | 改正 |
|---|---|---|
名词单复数 | There are many student. | students |
冠词 | He is honest boy. | an honest boy |
时态 | I go to the park yesterday. | went |
非谓语 | I enjoy to read books. | reading |
连词 | Although he is young, but he knows a lot. | 删去 but |
代词 | He taught his English. | himself / us |
介词 | He is good in English. | at |
形容词/副词 | He runs very quick. | quickly |
主谓一致 | The news are good. | is |
逻辑关系 | He is rich, so he is unhappy. | but / yet |
专题十七 阅读理解
专题十八 七选五
看空前空后的代词指代、连接词（but, so, however, therefore）判断逻辑关系。 找同义词、近义词、上下义词的复现线索。 看选项与前后句的主语、时态是否一致。 先做有把握的，排除干扰项后再处理难题。
专题十九 完形填空
先通读全文，把握文章大意和作者情感态度。 根据上下文逻辑关系（因果、转折、并列、对比）选词。 注意固定搭配和词组辨析。 复现原则：答案常常在上下文中以原词、同义词或近义词的形式出现过。
专题二十 应用文写作
1. 建议信
2. 邀请信
3. 通知
4. 演讲稿
专题二十一 读后续写
1. 情节构思
2. 情绪描写高频句型
Her heart raced with excitement. 她激动得心跳加速。
Tears of joy welled up in his eyes. 喜悦的泪水涌上他的眼眶。
A wave of relief washed over her. 一阵如释重负的感觉涌上她心头。
3. 环境描写句型
The sun was setting, casting golden light over the quiet village. 夕阳西下，金色的光芒洒在宁静的村庄上。
The wind whispered through the trees as darkness fell. 夜幕降临，风在树林间低语。
05
高考写作高阶句型与文末
It is important for us to master grammar. 掌握语法对我们很重要。
There is no doubt that reading benefits us a lot. 毫无疑问，阅读对我们益处很大。
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你越努力，进步就越大。
It is high time that we took action. 我们该采取行动了。
往期回顾