ARTICLE · 1117210

高中英语语法精讲 ⑯|原因·结果·目的·方式·比较

发布时间：2026-10-03 08:37:57 最近访问：2026-10-03 08:37:57

高中英语语法精讲 · 第 16 期

导语

先看一句作文里的高频病句：

❌ It was so a beautiful day that we decided to go hiking.

想表达"天气这么好，以至于……"，结果 so 后面直接跟了冠词——错。还有 so that，一会儿是"为了"，一会儿是"结果"，全看从句里藏没藏情态动词。今天把原因、结果、目的、方式、比较五类从句一次讲完，状语从句收官。

一、先建立地图：五类从句一张表

类别	常用引导词	例句
原因	because, since, as, now that	Since everyone is here, let's begin.（既然大家都到了，我们开始吧。）
结果	so…that, such…that, so that	It was so cold that the lake froze.（天冷得湖面都结了冰。）
目的	so that, in order that	Speak louder so that everyone can hear you.（大点声，好让每个人都听得见。）
方式	as, as if, as though	Do as the Romans do.（入乡随俗。）
比较	than, as…as	He runs faster than I do.（他跑得比我快。）

沿用第 15 期的老规矩：从句用陈述语序，一个从句一个连词，主将从现照样适用。下面 10 个易错点，就是"so / such"之争和另外几个高频陷阱。

二、10 个高频易错点

1. because / since / as / now that：语气从强到弱

引导词	语气与分工	例句
because	最强，直接回答 why	I stayed at home because it rained.（因为下雨，我待在家里。）
since	"既然"，原因是双方已知的	Since you know French, you can be our guide.（既然你懂法语，你可以当我们的向导。）
as	附带说明原因，语气最弱	As it was getting dark, we started back.（因为天渐渐黑了，我们开始往回走。）
now that	"既然"，落在现在的情况	Now that you've finished the work, you can have a rest.（既然你干完了活，可以歇歇了。）

口诀：because 答原因，since 既然成共识，as 顺带提一提，now that 落在现在时。

2. for 是并列连词：不回答 why，不站句首

It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.（昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。）→ for 引出的是"推测的依据"
❌ For he was ill, he didn't come. → ✅ Because he was ill, he didn't come.（他病了，所以没来。）

记法：for 前面几乎总是有个逗号，它是"事后补一句理由"；要回答 why 或放句首，只能 because。

3. so…that 的五种正确结构（必背）

结构	例句
so + 形容词/副词 + that	The film was so moving that everyone was in tears.（电影感人至深，人人都落了泪。）
so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that	It was so nice a day that we went out.（天气这么好，我们就出门了。）
so + many/few + 复数名词 + that	There were so many people that we couldn't get in.（人太多，我们进不去。）
so + much/little + 不可数名词 + that	He has so little time that he can't travel.（他的时间太少，没法去旅行。）
such…that（冠词紧跟 such）	It was such a nice day that we went out.

so nice a day = such a nice day，两种都对，但结构不能混搭。

4. little 的两面：表"小"用 such，表"少"用 so

such a little boy（这么小的男孩）→ little 是"年纪小"
so little water（这么少的水）→ little 是"量少"

判断法：little 前一旦有 a，它多半是"小"；没有 a 直接接不可数名词，就是"少"。 ❌ so a little girl → ✅ such a little girl（这么小的女孩）

5. so a beautiful day 为什么错：冠词的位置

❌ It was so a beautiful day.
✅ It was so beautiful a day. / such a beautiful day.

so 是程度副词，必须紧贴形容词；冠词被挤到形容词后面去了。such 则相反，它是"站在名词队伍前"的限定词，冠词紧跟在它后面。

口诀：so 爱贴形容词，冠词被挤到后头；such 领着名词走，a/an 紧跟不放手。

6. so that 的一词两义：看从句里有没有情态动词

目的
（= 为了）：He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.（他起得很早，为的是赶上头班车。）→ 从句里有 can/could/may/might/will
结果
（= 结果导致）：He got up late, so that he missed the train.（他起晚了，结果误了火车。）→ 从句是陈述事实，前面常有逗号

口诀：从句带情态是"为了"，光秃秃的动词是"结果"。

7. 目的从句的三种变身

结构	说明	例句
so that / in order that + 情态动词	从句形式	She spoke slowly in order that we might follow her.（她讲得很慢，好让我们跟上。）
in order to / so as to + 动词原形	不定式形式	He ran in order to / so as to catch the bus.（他为了赶公交跑了起来。）
in order not to / so as not to	否定目的	I left early so as not to miss the last bus.（我早早动身，以免错过末班车。）

位置规矩：in order to 可以放句首，so as to 不行。 - ❌ So as to catch the bus, he ran. - ✅ In order to catch the bus, he ran.

8. so…that 换 too…to：只在否定结果里成立

The box is so heavy that I can't lift it. = The box is too heavy for me to lift.（箱子太重，我搬不动。）
⚠️ 肯定的结果不能换：He ran so fast that he won the race.（他跑得太快，赢了比赛。）→ 不能改成 too fast to win。

记法：too…to 本身自带"不能"，只有"太……以至于不能"才配得上它。

9. as if / as though：虚拟还是陈述，看真假

与事实相反 → 虚拟
：He talks as if he knew everything.（他说得好像什么都知道似的。——其实不知道。）be 动词在虚拟里一律用 were：He acts as if he were the boss.（他表现得好像自己是老板。）
可能是真的 → 陈述
：It looks as if it is going to rain.（看样子要下雨了。）

判断法：把 as if 后面的内容当真——现实中成立吗？不成立用虚拟（过去式 / were），可能成立就用原时态。

10. 比较从句：than 和 as…as 的两条铁律

比较对象必须对等，借助替代词（第 1 期讲过）：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.（北京的天气比上海的冷。）→ 不能直接比 weather 和 in Shanghai
同一范围内比较，要排除自己：He is taller than any other student in his class.（他比班里其他任何同学都高。）
as…as 中间用原级：She is as careful as her sister.（她和她姐姐一样细心。）否定用 not as/so…as。

口诀：than 后比同类，as…as 用原级，同班要比记得 other。

三、高考风格演练（4 题）

1. The film was ______ moving that everyone was in tears. A. such a 　B. so a 　C. so 　D. such

答案：C 解析：moving 是形容词（作表语），前面直接用 so；that 从句缺主宾不缺，是典型的 so…that 结果句。such 必须跟名词（如 such a moving film）。

2. He spoke at the top of his voice ______ the students at the back could hear him. A. so that 　B. such that 　C. in order to 　D. because

答案：A 解析：从句里有情态动词 could，是"为了后排同学能听见"的目的从句，用 so that。C 后面只能接动词原形，接不了从句。

3. ______ everybody has arrived, let's start our discussion. A. Because of 　B. Now that 　C. For 　D. So that

答案：B 解析："既然人都到了"是双方已知且刚刚成立的情况，用 now that。because of 是介词短语接不了从句；for 不站句首；so that 表目的与句意不符。

4. 短文改错：It was so an interesting book that I read it twice.

答案：so an interesting → such an interesting 解析：so 必须紧贴形容词，不能带冠词；an interesting book 是名词短语，前面该用 such。"so interesting a book" 也对，但原句的语序只能配 such。

四、随堂练习（5 题）

1. It was ______ a cold day that we all stayed at home. A. so 　B. such 　C. very 　D. too

2. Tom has been saving money ______ he can buy a new bicycle. A. so that 　B. because 　C. as 　D. until

3. He behaves ______ he were the headmaster, but in fact he is only a caretaker. A. even if 　B. as if 　C. so that 　D. in case

4. It is ______ day that we all want to go outing. A. so nice a 　B. such nice a 　C. a so nice 　D. so a nice

5. 短文改错：Because he was ill, so he didn't attend the meeting.

参考答案

B
。a cold day 是名词短语，用 such…that；so 必须写成 so cold a day 才对。
A
。"存钱是为了买自行车"，目的从句，从句里有 can（can buy），用 so that。
B
。他其实不是校长，与事实相反，用 as if + 虚拟（were）。
A
。so nice a day = such a nice day，唯一正确的语序是"so + 形容词 + a + 名词"。
删去 so
（或删 Because）。because 与 so 不能连用，和第 15 期 although…but 是同一个坑：汉语成对，英语单飞。

五、一句话总结

状语从句收官，三句话带走：

so 贴形容词冠词后（so nice a day），such 领着名词冠词紧跟（such a nice day）；little 表"小"用 such，表"少"用 so。
so that 从句带情态动词是"为了"，陈述事实是"结果"；in order to 可站句首，so as to 不行。
because 答为什么、不与 so 连用；as if 与事实相反就用虚拟，be 一律 were。

下期预告： 虚拟语气（一）——if 条件句三种时态怎么摆？混合虚拟和省略 if 的倒装长什么样？从句专题收官，语法进入"高级结构"周。

如果这篇对你有用，收藏起来考前再刷一遍；身边有正在为语法头疼的同学，转给他。

导语