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初中英语现在分词 & 过去分词核心考点,吃透不丢分!

初中英语现在分词 & 过去分词核心考点,吃透不丢分!

现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done)是初中英语语法重难点,单选、完形、阅读、写作高频考查。核心区分口诀:主动进行用 doing,被动完成用 done,下面四大用法一次性梳理清楚。

一、分词作状语

分词作状语,可表时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果、让步。分词的逻辑主语必须和主句主语保持一致,分词相当于简化的状语从句。 ✅ 判断规则:主句主语能发出这个动作→现在分词 doing;主句主语承受这个动作→过去分词 done。

  1. Seeing the dog, the little boy ran away quickly.(时间,小男孩看见狗,主动)
  2. Being ill, she didn’t come to school yesterday.(原因,她生病了)
  3. Given more time, I can finish the project better.(条件,如果被给予更多时间,被动)
  4. He stood there, smiling at me.(伴随,站在那里,同时微笑)
  5. Greatly encouraged, we decided to try again.(原因,我们受到鼓舞)

连词 + 分词简化结构:when/while/if/once/though + doing/done,省略主语 + be 动词

  1. While walking along the street, I met my old friend.
  2. If heated, water will turn into steam.

二、分词作定语

修饰名词,单个分词放名词前,分词短语放名词后面。

  • 现在分词 doing:名词是动作发出者(主动、正在进行)
  • 过去分词 done:名词是动作承受者(被动、已经完成)
  1. The falling leaves look beautiful.(正在飘落的叶子,叶子自己落)
  2. The fallen leaves cover the ground.(已经落下的叶子,落叶)
  3. The girl standing at the door is my deskmate.(站在门口的女孩,短语后置)
  4. The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.(鲁迅写的书,书被写)

易混词组积累:developing countries 发展中国家;developed countries 发达国家

三、分词作宾语补足语(宾补)

放在宾语后面,补充说明宾语的状态或动作。

① 现在分词 doing 作宾补

常用动词:感官动词 see/watch/hear/notice/feel;使役动词 keep/have/catch/leave 表示宾语正在做某个动作

  1. I heard her singing in the next room.(听见她正在唱歌)
  2. Don’t keep him waiting too long.(别让他一直等)
  3. We caught him cheating in the test.(抓到他考试作弊)

重点辨析:感官动词后,doing VS do(原形)

  • see sb doing:看见动作正在发生
  • see sb do:看见动作全过程
  • I saw him cross the road.(看见他过完马路全过程)
  • I saw him crossing the road.(看见他正在过马路)

② 过去分词 done 作宾补

表示宾语被……(被动含义)常用动词:have/get/keep/find/see/want

  1. I had my hair cut yesterday.(头发被剪)
  2. Keep your mouth closed.(嘴巴保持闭着的状态)
  3. He found his bike stolen.(发现自行车被偷了)

四、分词作表语(最常考!-ing /-ed 形容词)

分词转化成形容词: ✅ 现在分词 - ing:事物本身具有的性质,令人……,主语大多是物✅ 过去分词 - ed:人的感受,感到……,主语大多是人

  1. The game is interesting. I am interested in it. 这个游戏很有趣。我对它感兴趣。
  2. The news was surprising. We were surprised at the news. 这个消息令人吃惊,我们对此感到惊讶。

高频词汇总: exciting 令人激动的 — excited 感到激动的 boring 无聊的 — bored 感到无聊的 tiring 累人的 — tired 感到疲惫的 amazing 令人惊奇的 — amazed 感到惊奇的

✅ 快速做题三步法(考场直接用)

  1. 找主句主语;
  2. 判断主语和分词是主动还是被动;
  3. 主动 / 进行选 doing;被动 / 完成选 done。

📝 小练习(自测)

  1. ____(see) from the top of the hill, our school looks small.
  2. I saw him ____(play) basketball when I passed the playground.
  3. The ____(surprise) news made all of us ____(surprise).

答案:1.Seen 2.playing 3.surprising;surprised

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