ARTICLE · 1118249
初中英语现在分词 & 过去分词核心考点,吃透不丢分!
现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done)是初中英语语法重难点,单选、完形、阅读、写作高频考查。核心区分口诀:主动进行用 doing,被动完成用 done,下面四大用法一次性梳理清楚。

一、分词作状语
分词作状语,可表时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果、让步。分词的逻辑主语必须和主句主语保持一致,分词相当于简化的状语从句。 ✅ 判断规则:主句主语能发出这个动作→现在分词 doing;主句主语承受这个动作→过去分词 done。
Seeing the dog, the little boy ran away quickly.(时间,小男孩看见狗,主动) Being ill, she didn’t come to school yesterday.(原因,她生病了) Given more time, I can finish the project better.(条件,如果被给予更多时间,被动) He stood there, smiling at me.(伴随,站在那里,同时微笑) Greatly encouraged, we decided to try again.(原因,我们受到鼓舞)
连词 + 分词简化结构:when/while/if/once/though + doing/done,省略主语 + be 动词
While walking along the street, I met my old friend. If heated, water will turn into steam.
二、分词作定语
修饰名词,单个分词放名词前,分词短语放名词后面。
现在分词 doing:名词是动作发出者(主动、正在进行) 过去分词 done:名词是动作承受者(被动、已经完成)
The falling leaves look beautiful.(正在飘落的叶子,叶子自己落) The fallen leaves cover the ground.(已经落下的叶子,落叶) The girl standing at the door is my deskmate.(站在门口的女孩,短语后置) The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.(鲁迅写的书,书被写)
易混词组积累:developing countries 发展中国家;developed countries 发达国家

三、分词作宾语补足语(宾补)
放在宾语后面,补充说明宾语的状态或动作。
① 现在分词 doing 作宾补
常用动词:感官动词 see/watch/hear/notice/feel;使役动词 keep/have/catch/leave 表示宾语正在做某个动作
I heard her singing in the next room.(听见她正在唱歌) Don’t keep him waiting too long.(别让他一直等) We caught him cheating in the test.(抓到他考试作弊)
重点辨析:感官动词后,doing VS do(原形)
see sb doing:看见动作正在发生 see sb do:看见动作全过程 I saw him cross the road.(看见他过完马路全过程) I saw him crossing the road.(看见他正在过马路)
② 过去分词 done 作宾补
表示宾语被……(被动含义)常用动词:have/get/keep/find/see/want
I had my hair cut yesterday.(头发被剪) Keep your mouth closed.(嘴巴保持闭着的状态) He found his bike stolen.(发现自行车被偷了)
四、分词作表语(最常考!-ing /-ed 形容词)
分词转化成形容词: ✅ 现在分词 - ing:事物本身具有的性质,令人……,主语大多是物✅ 过去分词 - ed:人的感受,感到……,主语大多是人
The game is interesting. I am interested in it. 这个游戏很有趣。我对它感兴趣。 The news was surprising. We were surprised at the news. 这个消息令人吃惊,我们对此感到惊讶。
高频词汇总: exciting 令人激动的 — excited 感到激动的 boring 无聊的 — bored 感到无聊的 tiring 累人的 — tired 感到疲惫的 amazing 令人惊奇的 — amazed 感到惊奇的
✅ 快速做题三步法(考场直接用)
找主句主语; 判断主语和分词是主动还是被动; 主动 / 进行选 doing;被动 / 完成选 done。
📝 小练习(自测)
____(see) from the top of the hill, our school looks small. I saw him ____(play) basketball when I passed the playground. The ____(surprise) news made all of us ____(surprise).
答案:1.Seen 2.playing 3.surprising;surprised