独家原创:高中英语“文体写作(素材与运用)”系列11. 议论文写作1(对比观点类)

作者简介：深耕一线英语教学近40载；中考、高考命题研究专家；发表文章2000余篇；主编《英语满分作文》书系、《英语奥林匹克》、《英语写作素材大辞典》、《现代英汉双解大辞典》、《多功能英汉大辞典》等300余本畅销全国的教学及竞赛辅导用书。

本节内容包含：写作概述+ 核心词汇（分类别）+ 提分词块（分类别）+ 经典佳句（分类别）+ 优美语段（分类别）+ 素材运用（分类别）

◆写作概述

对比观点类议论文是英文写作中常见的一种文体，其目的在于对两种或多种不同观点进行探讨、分析与比较。

在结构上，这类文章通常包含三个主要部分。开头部分，需清晰地引出话题，简要介绍将要对比的观点，以吸引读者注意力并为下文做好铺垫。例如，在探讨“线上学习与传统课堂学习哪个更好” 的话题时，可以这样开头：“In recent years, with the development of technology, online learning has become increasingly popular. However, the traditional classroom learning still plays a significant role. Which one is more preferable has sparked a heated debate.”

主体部分是文章的核心，要对不同观点进行深入剖析。一般会分别阐述各个观点的理由、优势与劣势。比如在论述线上学习的优点时，可以提及它的灵活性，学生能够按照自己的节奏和时间安排学习；而在阐述传统课堂学习时，则可强调面对面交流带来的更好的互动性和社交体验。可以使用一些连接词如“on the one hand...on the other hand...，in contrast” 等来使对比更加清晰明了。

结尾部分要总结全文，表明自己的立场或给出一个相对客观的结论。可以是倾向于某一种观点，也可以是提出一种综合两者优势的折衷方案。例如：“After considering the various aspects of both online learning and traditional classroom learning, it seems that a combination of the two would be the most ideal, allowing students to enjoy the benefits of flexibility and rich interaction.”

在语言运用方面，要注意用词准确、句式多样。避免重复使用简单词汇，可运用一些高级词汇来提升文章质量。同时，运用不同的句式结构，如复合句、非谓语动词等，使文章读起来更流畅自然。此外，引用一些相关的数据、事例或名人名言能够增强文章的说服力，让读者更好地理解和接受所阐述的观点。

◆核心词汇

一、表达观点类

1. think（v. 认为）

2. believe（v. 相信）

3. hold（v. 持有（观点））

4. argue（v. 主张）

5. claim（v. 声称）

6. opinion（n. 观点）

7. view（n. 看法）

8. standpoint（n. 立场）

二、对比转折类

1. while（conj. 然而）

2. whereas（conj. 反之）

3. but（conj. 但是）

4. however（adv. 然而）

5. on the contrary（相反）

6. in contrast（相比之下）

7. instead（adv. 反而）

8. nevertheless（adv. 尽管如此）

三、阐述理由类

1. because（conj. 因为）

2. since（conj. 既然）

3. as（conj. 由于）

4. for（conj. 因为）

5. due to（由于）

6. owing to（归因于）

7. thanks to（多亏）

8. reason（n. 理由）

四、列举方面类

1. firstly（adv. 首先）

2. secondly（adv. 其次）

3. thirdly（adv. 第三）

4. lastly（adv. 最后）

5. in addition（此外）

6. moreover（adv. 而且）

7. furthermore（adv. 再者）

8. besides（adv. 除此之外）

五、程度副词类

1. extremely（adv. 极其）

2. highly（adv. 高度地）

3. fairly（adv. 相当地）

4. quite（adv. 很）

5. rather（adv. 相当）

6. slightly（adv. 轻微地）

7. significantly（adv. 显著地）

8. greatly（adv. 大大地）

◆提分词块

一、引出话题

1. Nowadays, there is a heated discussion about... （如今，关于……有一场热烈的讨论。）

2. It has become a common topic that... …… （已成为一个常见话题。）

3. With the development of...,... has drawn people's attention. （随着……的发展，……引起了人们的关注。）

二、表达观点

1. from my perspective,... （在我看来，……）

2. in my opinion/view,... （依我之见，……）

3. as far as I'm concerned,... （就我而言，……）

4. I firmly believe that... （我坚信……）

5. It is widely acknowledged that... （人们普遍认为……）

三、对比转折

1. on the one hand... on the other hand... （一方面……另一方面……）

2. compared with... （与……相比）

3. in comparison to... （相较于……）

4. while...,... （当……时，然而……）

5. despite the fact that... （尽管……事实）

6. although...,... （虽然……，但是……）

四、阐述优势

1. One advantage of... is that...（……的一个优势是……）

2. The benefit of... lies in... （……的益处在于……）

3. It is beneficial to...  有益（对……）

4. bring convenience to... （给……带来便利）

5. improve efficiency （提高效率）

五、阐述劣势

1. One drawback of... is... （……的一个缺点是……）

2. The disadvantage is that... （劣势在于……）

3. lead to problems （导致问题）

4. cause negative impacts （造成负面影响）

5. be harmful to... （对……有害）

六、总结观点

1. To sum up,... （总之，……）

2. In conclusion,... （总之，……）

3. All in all,... （总而言之，……）

4. Based on the above analysis,... （基于以上分析，……）

5. Weighing the pros and cons,... （权衡利弊，……）

◆经典佳句

一、引出话题

1. Recently, the topic of whether students should study abroad or stay in their home country has been widely discussed. （最近，关于学生应该出国留学还是留在本国学习的话题被广泛讨论。）

2. Nowadays, there is a growing debate about whether it is better to travel alone or with a group. （如今，关于独自旅行还是跟团旅行更好存在着日益激烈的争论。）

3. With the development of modern technology, the question of whether e-books will replace traditional paper books has arisen.（随着现代科技的发展，电子书是否会取代传统纸质书的问题已经出现。）

二、阐述观点

1. Some people firmly believe that online shopping is more convenient and time-saving. （一些人坚信网上购物更方便且节省时间。）

2. Many individuals hold the view that learning a foreign language from an early age is of great significance. （许多人认为从小学习一门外语意义重大。）

3. There are those who argue that high school students should focus solely on academic studies. （有一些人主张高中生应该只专注于学业。）

三、对比转折

1. While some people enjoy living in big cities for their vibrant nightlife and job opportunities, others prefer the peace and quiet of small towns. （虽然有些人因为大城市充满活力的夜生活和工作机会而喜欢住在那里，但其他人更喜欢小城镇的宁静。）

2. Some students think that science subjects are more challenging and interesting, whereas some believe that liberal arts subjects are more suitable for them. （一些学生认为理科科目更具挑战性和趣味性，而一些学生认为文科科目更适合他们。）

3. Although watching movies at home is comfortable and inexpensive, going to the cinema can offer a more immersive experience. （虽然在家看电影舒适且便宜，但去电影院能提供更身临其境的体验。）

四、阐述优势

1. One major advantage of taking public transportation is that it helps reduce traffic congestion. （乘坐公共交通的一个主要优势是它有助于减少交通拥堵。）

2. The great benefit of regular exercise is that it can improve both physical and mental health. （经常锻炼的巨大益处在于它可以改善身心健康。）

3. Learning a musical instrument can enhance one's creativity and concentration. （学习一种乐器可以提高一个人的创造力和专注力。）

五、阐述劣势

1. One obvious drawback of using mobile phones too much is that it may damage our eyesight. （过度使用手机的一个明显缺点是它可能损害我们的视力。）

2. The disadvantage of eating junk food is that it often leads to obesity and other health problems. （吃垃圾食品的劣势在于它常常导致肥胖和其他健康问题。）

3. Living in a dormitory may cause some inconvenience due to limited personal space. （住在宿舍可能由于个人空间有限而带来一些不便。）

六、总结观点

1. To sum up, both sides have their own merits and demerits, and we should make a choice based on our own situations. （总之，双方都有各自的优点和缺点，我们应该根据自己的情况做出选择。）

2. In conclusion, we should balance the advantages and disadvantages and strive for a better solution. （总之，我们应该平衡利弊并努力寻求更好的解决方案。）

3. All in all, it is essential to consider all aspects before making a final decision. （总而言之，在做出最终决定之前考虑所有方面是至关重要的。）

4. Therefore, we need to weigh the pros and cons carefully and then determine the most appropriate approach. （因此，我们需要仔细权衡利弊，然后确定最合适的方法。）

5. In a word, different people may have different preferences, and there is no one-size-fits-all answer. （总之，不同的人可能有不同的偏好，没有万能的答案。）

◆优美语段

一、城市生活与乡村生活

In recent years, the debate between city life and rural life has been ongoing. Some people prefer city life. They enjoy the convenience of modern facilities like shopping malls and subways. There are also more job opportunities and cultural activities. However, others like rural life. The fresh air, beautiful natural scenery and close-knit community make them feel relaxed. In my opinion, both have their charms. City life offers excitement and development, while rural life provides tranquility and a closer connection to nature.

近年来，城市生活与乡村生活之间的争论一直在持续。有些人更喜欢城市生活。他们享受购物中心和地铁等现代设施带来的便利。这里也有更多的工作机会和文化活动。然而，其他人喜欢乡村生活。新鲜的空气、美丽的自然风景和紧密的社区让他们感到放松。在我看来，两者都有其魅力。城市生活提供刺激与发展，而乡村生活带来宁静以及与自然更紧密的联系。

二、线上学习与传统课堂学习

Nowadays, there is a discussion about online learning and traditional classroom learning. Online learning allows students to study at their own pace and access a wide range of resources. It breaks the limitation of time and space. But traditional classroom learning has its own advantages. Face-to-face interaction with teachers and classmates can enhance communication skills and build better relationships. Also, the classroom atmosphere can help students focus. In conclusion, a combination of both might be the best way to ensure effective learning.

如今，关于线上学习与传统课堂学习存在一场讨论。线上学习让学生能够按照自己的节奏学习并获取广泛的资源。它打破了时间和空间的限制。但传统课堂学习有其自身优势。与老师和同学的面对面互动能够提升交流技能并建立更好的关系。而且，课堂氛围有助于学生集中精力。总之，两者相结合可能是确保有效学习的最佳方式。

三、纸质书与电子书

With the development of technology, the choice between paper books and e-books has become a topic. Paper books have a unique texture and smell. Reading them gives a sense of tradition and culture. They are also easier on the eyes for long reading sessions. On the other hand, e-books are convenient. They can store a large number of books and are easy to carry. You can access them anytime and anywhere. In my view, both paper books and e-books have their place in our reading habits, and people can choose according to their own needs.

随着技术的发展，纸质书与电子书之间的选择成为了一个话题。纸质书有独特的质感和气味。阅读它们能给人一种传统和文化的感觉。长时间阅读时它们对眼睛也更友好。另一方面，电子书很方便。它们可以存储大量书籍且便于携带。你可以随时随地阅读。在我看来，纸质书和电子书在我们的阅读习惯中都有其位置，人们可以根据自身需求进行选择。

四、独自旅行与跟团旅行

When it comes to traveling, there is a contrast between traveling alone and traveling with a tour group. Traveling alone gives you complete freedom. You can explore at your own pace, change plans spontaneously and meet new people more easily. But it also requires you to handle all the arrangements by yourself. Traveling with a group, however, is more organized. The tour guide takes care of accommodation, transportation and sightseeing. You don't have to worry about many details. In a word, the choice depends on your personality and travel preferences.

当谈到旅行时，独自旅行和跟团旅行之间存在差异。独自旅行给你完全的自由。你可以按照自己的节奏探索，随意改变计划并且更容易结识新朋友。但这也要求你自己处理所有安排。然而，跟团旅行更有组织性。导游负责住宿、交通和观光。你不必担心很多细节。总之，选择取决于你的个性和旅行偏好。

五、在大公司工作与在小公司工作

The discussion about working in a large company or a small company is quite common. Working in a large company usually means better job security, more systematic training and a wider range of career development. There are also more opportunities to work with top talents. In contrast, working in a small company offers more flexibility. You can have a greater impact on the company's decisions and operations. It also allows for a more diverse job experience. In conclusion, both types of companies have their pros and cons, and one should consider carefully before making a decision.

关于在大公司工作还是在小公司工作的讨论很常见。在大公司工作通常意味着更好的工作保障、更系统的培训和更广阔的职业发展空间。也有更多与顶尖人才共事的机会。相比之下，在小公司工作提供更多灵活性。你可以对公司的决策和运营产生更大影响。它也允许有更多样化的工作经历。总之，这两种类型的公司都有其利弊，人们在做决定前应该仔细考虑。

◆素材运用

经典考题1（高中生是否应该参加课外辅导班）

近年来，越来越多的高中生参加课外辅导班。一些人认为这对提高他们的学业成绩是必要的，而另一些人则认为这可能会带来额外的压力并影响他们的空闲时间。你的观点是什么？写一篇60 词左右的英语作文。

【范文1】

I think high school students should attend after-school tutoring classes. Firstly, the competition in high school is fierce. Tutoring classes can help students review and preview knowledge more systematically. Secondly, professional tutors can provide personalized learning plans and solve students' specific problems. Although it may take some free time, it is a worthy investment for a better future.

亮点点评：

⑴文章观点明确，开篇直接表明支持参加课外辅导班的立场。

⑵采用“Firstly...Secondly...” 的结构有条理地阐述理由，逻辑清晰。

⑶最后一句对可能存在的弊端进行回应，使论述更全面。

【范文2】

In my view, high school students should not be overloaded with after-school tutoring classes. High school students already have heavy schoolwork. Attending too many tutoring classes will make them exhausted and stressed. Moreover, they may lose the ability to learn independently. Free time is also crucial for their all-round development. It is better to focus on improving learning efficiency in school rather than relying on tutoring classes.

亮点点评：

⑴开头明确提出反对参加课外辅导班的观点。

⑵从学生课业负担重、失去自主学习能力以及全面发展需要自由时间等方面进行论述，理由充分。

⑶语言简洁明了，“Moreover” 的使用使论述更连贯。

经典考题2（纸质阅读与电子阅读的优劣）

随着电子书的普及，纸质阅读与电子阅读之间的争论愈发激烈。讨论两者的优缺点并给出你的偏好。写一篇约60 词的英语作文。

【范文1】

Paper reading has its unique charm. The feel of the paper and the smell of the ink create a real reading atmosphere. It is also less harmful to eyes for long-term reading. However, e-reading is more convenient. You can carry a whole library in a small device and access new books instantly. I still prefer paper reading as it gives me a sense of relaxation and connection to the literary world that e-reading can't fully replace.

亮点点评：

⑴先阐述纸质阅读的优点，再提及电子阅读的优势，对比清晰。

⑵表明自己的偏好并说明原因，使文章有深度。

⑶用词如“unique charm” 等较为生动形象。

【范文2】

E-reading offers great convenience. It allows us to read anytime and anywhere, and we can adjust the font and background according to our needs. Besides, it is more environmentally friendly. But paper reading is irreplaceable in some aspects. It is a traditional way of reading and good for memory and concentration. In my opinion, a combination of both is the best choice to enjoy the benefits of different reading modes.

亮点点评：

⑴从便利性、环保性等方面阐述电子阅读的好处，从传统性和对记忆注意力的益处说明纸质阅读的不可替代性。

⑵提出两者结合的观点，较为新颖且全面。

⑶“Besides” 等连接词的运用使文章衔接自然。

经典考题3（住在城市还是乡村更好）

模拟试题：

关于住在城市还是乡村更好一直存在讨论。请写一篇60 词以内的英语作文来表达你的观点。

【范文1】

Living in a city is a better choice. Cities have advanced medical care and educational resources. There are more job opportunities and various cultural and entertainment activities. Although cities are crowded and noisy, the modern facilities and conveniences make life more comfortable and colorful. We can have a broader vision and keep up with the pace of the times.

亮点点评：

⑴开头表明支持城市生活的观点，直截了当。

⑵从医疗、教育、工作、文化娱乐等多方面阐述城市的优势，内容丰富。

⑶对城市的缺点进行简单提及后强调其优点，论述有侧重。

【范文2】

I prefer living in the countryside. The fresh air, beautiful natural scenery and peaceful environment are very attractive. In the countryside, people can live a simple and stress-free life. Neighbors are more friendly and helpful. Although there are fewer job opportunities and less advanced facilities than in cities, the close relationship with nature and the sense of community make up for it.

亮点点评：

⑴文章明确表达喜爱乡村生活的立场。

⑵围绕乡村的自然环境、人际关系等优势展开论述，突出乡村生活的特点。

⑶对乡村劣势的描述客观，且用“make up for it” 说明乡村优势可弥补劣势，有说服力。