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历年高考英语真题阅读理解D篇高频词熟词生义同义替换长难句汇编(2022-2026)

历年高考英语真题阅读理解D篇高频词熟词生义同义替换长难句汇编(2022-2026)
-【word版46页】ZBYYA1013

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本汇编覆盖2022至2026年高考英语各卷阅读理解D篇。D篇以议论文、科普说明文、观点思辨类文本为主,难度最高,侧重作者观点、论证逻辑、科研发现、社会议题、前沿理念。每篇统一设置四大模块:① 高频核心词(20个):D篇思辨、科研、观点类高频实词,多为抽象名词、态度形容词、学术动词;② 同义替换8组:D篇推断题、观点题、词义题最核心改写,选项和原文转换高频出处;③ 熟词生义6组:学术文本专属熟词僻义,是D篇词义猜测重灾区;④ 长难句3句:摘取原文典型复合句,标注主干、语法解析、中文翻译、对应命题点。

题材覆盖:心理学研究、科技利弊、教育理念、环境议题、社会现象、认知科学、前沿技术反思、文化思辨、实验研究、未来发展讨论。

学习提示:D篇重点抓论点、论据、转折逻辑(however/but/while)、作者态度;很多正确选项不会直接照搬原文,依赖这套同义替换;长难句大量嵌套从句,是定位主旨、推断的关键。

2022 新高考I卷 阅读D

题材:科普思辨·人类交谈中的倾听偏差研究

一、高频核心词20个

  1. bias n. 偏见,偏差
  2. assume v. 假定,想当然认为
  3. interrupt v. 打断
  4. accurately adv. 准确地
  5. perceive v. 感知,理解
  6. feedback n. 反馈
  7. misinterpret v. 误解
  8. tendency n. 倾向
  9. signal n. 信号
  10. indicate v. 表明,暗示
  11. evaluate v. 评估
  12. genuine adj. 真实的
  13. participant n. 实验参与者
  14. contrast n. & v. 对比
  15. overlook v. 忽视
  16. conscious adj. 有意识的
  17. automatic adj. 自动的,下意识的
  18. reliable adj. 可靠的
  19. interpret v. 解读
  20. phenomenon n. 现象

二、同义替换8组

  1. prejudice ↔ bias 偏见,认知偏差
  2. suppose ↔ assume 假定
  3. cut in ↔ interrupt 打断
  4. correctly understand ↔ perceive accurately 准确理解
  5. mix up the meaning ↔ misinterpret 误解
  6. trend ↔ tendency 趋势、倾向
  7. judge ↔ evaluate 评估、判断
  8. dependable ↔ reliable 可靠的

三、熟词生义6组

  1. signal n. 话语线索(熟义:信号)
  2. automatic adj. 下意识的(熟义:自动的)
  3. contrast n. 对照实验(熟义:对比)
  4. feedback n. 对话反馈(熟义:反馈)
  5. participant n. 受试者(熟义:参与者)
  6. conscious adj. 刻意主动的(熟义:有意识的)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:The study suggests that people often fail to pick up subtle signals, because their brains focus more on preparing replies than listening.主干:The study suggests that…解析:that宾语从句;because原因状语从句;more…than比较结构翻译:该研究表明,人们常常捕捉不到细微线索,因为大脑更专注于组织回答而非倾听。命题点:因果逻辑,研究结论推断

2.句子:What makes the problem worse is that most of us are unaware of this automatic listening bias in daily talks.主干:What makes the problem worse is that…解析:what主语从句,that引导表语从句翻译:让问题更严重的是,大多数人在日常对话中意识不到这种下意识的倾听偏差。命题点:主表从句,观点主旨

3.句子:Researchers who recorded conversations found that listeners frequently misread speakers’ attitude without realizing it.主干:Researchers found that…解析:who定语从句修饰researchers;that宾语从句翻译:录制对话的研究者发现,听者经常误读说话人的态度,而且毫无察觉。命题点:定语从句+宾语从句,实验细节

2022 新高考II卷 阅读D

题材:社会思辨·城市绿化的多重价值(不止美观)

一、高频核心词20个

  1. vegetation n. 植被
  2. ecosystem n. 生态系统
  3. regulate v. 调节
  4. temperature n. 温度
  5. absorb v. 吸收
  6. pollutant n. 污染物
  7. demonstrate v. 证明,展示
  8. function n. 功能
  9. urban adj. 城市的
  10. concrete n. 混凝土
  11. impact n. 影响
  12. biodiversity n. 生物多样性
  13. maintain v. 维持
  14. landscape n. 景观
  15. merely adv. 仅仅
  16. crucial adj. 至关重要的
  17. contribute v. 促成,有助于
  18. resistance n. 抵御能力
  19. sustainable adj. 可持续的
  20. infrastructure n. 基础设施

二、同义替换8组

  1. city ↔ urban 城市的
  2. prove ↔ demonstrate 证明
  3. take in ↔ absorb 吸收
  4. effect ↔ impact 影响
  5. keep up ↔ maintain 维持
  6. only ↔ merely 仅仅
  7. vital ↔ crucial 关键的
  8. help to cause ↔ contribute to 有助于

三、熟词生义6组

  1. regulate v. 调节气温(熟义:管控)
  2. landscape n. 城市绿化景观(熟义:风景)
  3. function n. 生态作用(熟义:功能)
  4. resistance n. 抵御(热岛效应)能力(熟义:抵抗)
  5. concrete n. 水泥建筑(熟义:具体的)
  6. sustainable adj. 可持续发展的(熟义:可以支撑的)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:While many people regard urban plants as decoration, scientists argue that they serve far more important ecological purposes.主干:scientists argue that…解析:while让步状语从句;that宾语从句翻译:尽管很多人把城市绿植当成装饰,科学家却认为它们承担着重要得多的生态功能。命题点:while让步对比,作者观点

2.句子:Trees and bushes can lower local temperature by blocking sunlight and absorbing heat from the air.主干:Trees and bushes can lower local temperature解析:by介词短语表方式;and并列动名词翻译:树木与灌木可以通过遮挡阳光、吸收空气中热量来降低局部气温。命题点:方式状语,细节理解

3.句子:The loss of urban vegetation will weaken the city’s natural ability to fight against extreme hot weather.主干:The loss will weaken the ability解析:不定式to fight作后置定语修饰ability翻译:城市植被的减少,会削弱城市对抗极端高温天气的天然能力。命题点:后置定语,因果推断

2022 全国乙卷 阅读D

题材:教育思辨·延迟满足实验的新解读

一、高频核心词20个

  1. experiment n. 实验
  2. temptation n. 诱惑
  3. resist v. 抵抗
  4. delay v. 延迟
  5. gratification n. 满足感
  6. assumption n. 假定
  7. factor n. 因素
  8. background n. 背景
  9. reliable adj. 可靠的
  10. predict v. 预测
  11. outcome n. 结果
  12. revise v. 修正
  13. previous adj. 先前的
  14. conclusion n. 结论
  15. economic adj. 经济的
  16. stable adj. 稳定的
  17. access n. 获取机会
  18. resource n. 资源
  19. deserve v. 值得
  20. reconsider v. 重新思考

二、同义替换8组

  1. hold back ↔ resist 抵制、忍住
  2. put off ↔ delay 推迟
  3. guess ↔ assumption 假设
  4. element ↔ factor 因素
  5. forecast ↔ predict 预测
  6. result ↔ outcome 结果
  7. change and correct ↔ revise 修正
  8. earlier ↔ previous 先前的

三、熟词生义6组

  1. gratification n. 即时满足(熟义:满意)
  2. temptation n. 即时奖励诱惑(熟义:诱惑)
  3. access n. 获取资源的渠道(熟义:通道)
  4. stable adj. 家境稳定(熟义:稳定)
  5. revise v. 修正理论(熟义:复习)
  6. background n. 家庭背景(熟义:背景)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:The famous marshmallow experiment was once thought to prove that self-control decides children’s future success.主干:The experiment was once thought to prove that…解析:被动语态;that宾语从句翻译:著名的棉花糖实验曾经被认为证明自控力决定孩子未来能否成功。命题点:被动+宾语从句,旧观点识别

2.句子:New research suggests that family economic conditions also play a major role in kids’ choice to wait or not.主干:New research suggests that…解析:that宾语从句;play a role in 固定搭配翻译:新研究表明,家庭经济条件同样对孩子选择等待与否起到重要作用。命题点:研究新结论,推断题

3.句子:What researchers now stress is that we should not draw simple conclusions from this single test.主干:What researchers now stress is that…解析:what主语从句,that表语从句翻译:研究者如今强调的是,我们不可以单凭这一项测试得出简单结论。命题点:主表从句,作者态度

2022 北京卷 D篇|题材:社科思辨——闲暇无聊对创造性思考的价值

一、高频核心词20个

  1. boredom n. 无聊
  2. stimulate v. 激发
  3. creative adj. 创造性的
  4. imagination n. 想象力
  5. occupy v. 占据(注意力)
  6. constant adj. 持续不断的
  7. distraction n. 干扰
  8. wander v. (思绪)漫游
  9. thought n. 思绪
  10. insight n. 洞见
  11. task n. 任务
  12. benefit n. 益处
  13. overlook v. 忽视
  14. mental adj. 脑力的
  15. generate v. 产生(想法)
  16. original adj. 新颖独创的
  17. compare v. 对比
  18. participant n. 受试者
  19. tend v. 倾向于
  20. mechanism n. 机制

二、同义替换8组

  1. excite ↔ stimulate 激发
  2. take up ↔ occupy 占据
  3. mind wandering ↔ thoughts wander 思绪神游
  4. advantage ↔ benefit 好处
  5. ignore ↔ overlook 忽视
  6. produce ↔ generate 产生
  7. inventive ↔ original 有创意的
  8. test taker ↔ participant 受试者

三、熟词生义6组

  1. boredom n. 放空式无聊(熟义:厌烦)
  2. wander v. 思绪游离(熟义:闲逛)
  3. constant adj. 源源不断的(信息)(熟义:恒定的)
  4. task n. 枯燥任务(熟义:工作任务)
  5. mental adj. 心智层面(熟义:精神的)
  6. insight n. 新思路、顿悟(熟义:洞察力)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:When people are left with nothing to do, their minds are free to wander and come up with new ideas.主干:their minds are free to wander and come up with new ideas解析:when引导时间状语从句;be left with 被留给;come up with 想出翻译:当人们无事可做时,大脑可以自由神游,催生新想法。命题点:时间状语,实验前提

2.句子:Researchers found that those who experienced mild boredom performed better at creative problem-solving tasks.主干:Researchers found that…解析:that宾语从句;who定语从句修饰those翻译:研究者发现,经历轻度无聊的受试者,在创造性解题任务中表现更好。命题点:定语+宾语从句,实验结论

3.句子:What we often misunderstand is that boredom is not a bad feeling but a condition for our brain to refresh itself.主干:What we often misunderstand is that…解析:what主语从句,that表语从句;not…but…取舍结构翻译:我们常常误解的一点是,无聊并非负面感受,而是大脑自我重置的一种状态。命题点:主表从句,作者核心观点

2022 上海卷 D篇|题材:科普思辨——动物文化,动物群体习得性传统

一、高频核心词20个

  1. culture n. 文化(动物群体传统)
  2. tradition n. 传统
  3. acquire v. 习得
  4. imitate v. 模仿
  5. observe v. 观察
  6. pass v. 传递
  7. generation n. 一代
  8. behaviour n. 行为
  9. genetic adj. 基因的
  10. inherit v. 遗传
  11. distinguish v. 区分
  12. evidence n. 证据
  13. chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩
  14. variation n. 差异
  15. habit n. 习性
  16. social adj. 社群的
  17. demonstrate v. 证明
  18. stable adj. 稳定的
  19. spread v. 传播
  20. phenomenon n. 现象

二、同义替换8组

  1. learn ↔ acquire 习得
  2. copy ↔ imitate 模仿
  3. hand down ↔ pass 代代传递
  4. action ↔ behaviour 行为
  5. tell apart ↔ distinguish 区分
  6. proof ↔ evidence 证据
  7. difference ↔ variation 差异
  8. show ↔ demonstrate 证明

三、熟词生义6组

  1. culture n. 动物群体习得传统(熟义:人类文化)
  2. acquire v. 后天习得行为(熟义:获得)
  3. tradition n. 种群固定行为模式(熟义:传统)
  4. inherit v. 先天遗传(熟义:继承)
  5. social adj. 种群社群(熟义:社会的)
  6. stable adj. 长期延续的(习性)(熟义:稳定)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Animal culture refers to behaviours learned from group members and passed down instead of being born with them.主干:Animal culture refers to behaviours解析:learned、passed down、being born with 均为分词修饰behaviours;instead of取舍翻译:动物文化指从种群同伴处习得并代代相传、而非与生俱来的行为。命题点:后置定语,概念定义(上海D高频)

2.句子:What separates cultural behaviour from genetic ones is that it varies widely between groups of the same species.主干:What separates cultural behaviour from genetic ones is that…解析:what主语从句,that表语从句翻译:区分文化性行为和基因本能行为的关键点在于:同一物种的不同种群之间,这类行为差异巨大。命题点:主表从句,核心区分标准

3.句子:Chimps in one community use sticks to catch ants, while neighbouring groups never develop this skill.主干:Chimps use sticks, while neighbouring groups never develop this skill解析:while并列连词,表对比翻译:一个群落的黑猩猩会用木棍抓蚂蚁,而邻近种群却不会发展出这项技能。命题点:while对比,举例论据

2022 天津卷 D篇|题材:教育思辨——反馈的艺术:建设性反馈如何促进学习

一、高频核心词20个

  1. feedback n. 反馈
  2. constructive adj. 建设性的
  3. improve v. 提升
  4. outcome n. 结果
  5. praise n.&v. 表扬
  6. criticism n. 批评
  7. focus v. 聚焦
  8. effort n. 努力
  9. ability n. 能力
  10. growth n. 成长
  11. mindset n. 思维模式
  12. specific adj. 具体的
  13. vague adj. 模糊的
  14. guide v. 引导
  15. adjust v. 调整
  16. strategy n. 策略
  17. motivate v. 激励
  18. avoid v. 避免
  19. judgement n. 评判
  20. progress n. 进步

二、同义替换8组

  1. helpful ↔ constructive 建设性的
  2. better ↔ improve 改善
  3. result ↔ outcome 结果
  4. concentrate on ↔ focus 聚焦
  5. particular ↔ specific 具体的
  6. unclear ↔ vague 模糊的
  7. encourage ↔ motivate 激励
  8. advance ↔ progress 进步

三、熟词生义6组

  1. feedback n. 学习评价反馈(熟义:反馈)
  2. mindset n. 成长型思维(熟义:心态)
  3. judgement n. 定性评判(熟义:判断)
  4. specific adj. 有针对性的评语(熟义:特定的)
  5. growth n. 能力进阶(熟义:生长)
  6. strategy n. 改进方法(熟义:战略)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Good feedback points out what to change rather than simply telling students whether they are good or bad.主干:Good feedback points out…解析:what宾语从句;rather than取舍结构翻译:优质反馈会指出需要改进之处,而不是简单评判学生好坏。命题点:取舍对比,主旨

2.句子:When teachers praise students for their effort instead of natural talent, students are more willing to accept challenges.主干:students are more willing to accept challenges解析:when时间状语从句;praise sb for sth翻译:当老师表扬学生的努力而非天赋时,学生会更愿意接受挑战。命题点:状语从句,研究结论

3.句子:Vague words like “well done” provide little useful information for learners to adjust their learning methods.主干:Vague words provide little useful information解析:like举例;for sb to do 不定式作后置定语翻译:像“做得不错”这类模糊评价,几乎无法给学习者提供调整学习方法的有效信息。命题点:后置定语,反面论证

2023 新高考I卷 阅读D

题材:科技思辨·人工智能艺术创作的版权争议

一、高频核心词20个

  1. artificial adj. 人工的
  2. copyright n. 版权
  3. original adj. 原创的
  4. generate v. 生成
  5. input v. 输入 n. 提示词
  6. dataset n. 数据集
  7. copy v. 复制
  8. credit n. 功劳,署名
  9. creative adj. 有创造力的
  10. humanoid adj. 类人的
  11. legal adj. 法律的
  12. authority n. 权威机构
  13. debate n. & v. 辩论
  14. claim v. 声称,主张
  15. transform v. 改变
  16. ownership n. 所有权
  17. ethical adj. 伦理的
  18. boundary n. 边界
  19. involve v. 包含,涉及
  20. creativity n. 创造力

二、同义替换8组

  1. AI ↔ artificial intelligence 人工智能
  2. produce ↔ generate 生成
  3. argue about ↔ debate 争论
  4. say ↔ claim 主张、声称
  5. change ↔ transform 转变
  6. moral ↔ ethical 伦理的
  7. line ↔ boundary 界限
  8. include ↔ involve 涉及

三、熟词生义6组

  1. credit n. 创作署名、功劳(熟义:信用)
  2. input n. 提示词指令(熟义:输入)
  3. original adj. 原创作品(熟义:原始的)
  4. dataset n. 训练素材库(熟义:数据集)
  5. boundary n. 创作权责边界(熟义:分界线)
  6. authority n. 监管部门(熟义:权威)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:The central debate lies in whether AI works trained on existing art should be considered original creation.主干:The central debate lies in whether…解析:whether引导宾语从句;trained过去分词作后置定语翻译:核心争议在于,基于已有艺术品训练出来的AI产出物,是否该被认定为原创作品。命题点:宾语从句,核心论点

2.句子:Those against AI copyright argue that the machine only mixes learned materials rather than create from its own thought.主干:Those argue that…解析:against后置定语;that宾语从句;rather than取舍结构翻译:反对赋予AI版权的一方提出,机器只是混合学习到的素材,而非自主思考创作。命题点:观点句,正反立场区分

3.句子:It will take time for law makers to set clear rules covering this fast-changing technology.主干:It will take time for sb to do解析:it形式主语;covering现在分词作后置定语翻译:立法者还需要时间,为这项快速变化的技术制定清晰规范。命题点:形式主语,推断未来趋势

2023 新高考II卷 阅读D

题材:心理学思辨·怀旧情绪的积极作用

一、高频核心词20个

  1. nostalgia n. 怀旧
  2. emotion n. 情绪
  3. comfort n. & v. 慰藉
  4. loneliness n. 孤独
  5. connect v. 联结
  6. identity n. 自我身份
  7. recall v. 回忆
  8. positive adj. 积极的
  9. negative adj. 消极的
  10. balance n. 平衡
  11. trigger v. 触发
  12. memory n. 记忆
  13. remind v. 提醒
  14. stable adj. 稳定的
  15. sense n. 感受
  16. belong v. 归属
  17. source n. 来源
  18. temporary adj. 暂时的
  19. psychological adj. 心理的
  20. benefit n. & v. 益处,有益于

二、同义替换8组

  1. call up ↔ recall 回忆起
  2. bring on ↔ trigger 触发
  3. good ↔ positive 积极的
  4. bad ↔ negative 消极的
  5. feeling ↔ sense 感受
  6. origin ↔ source 来源
  7. short-lived ↔ temporary 短暂的
  8. mental ↔ psychological 心理的

三、熟词生义6组

  1. nostalgia n. 温情怀旧(熟义:思乡)
  2. trigger v. 勾起回忆(熟义:触发扳机)
  3. identity n. 自我认知(熟义:身份)
  4. belong v. 归属感(熟义:属于)
  5. balance n. 情绪平衡(熟义:天平)
  6. comfort n. 情绪慰藉(熟义:舒适)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Contrary to the old view that nostalgia is sad, new studies show it can protect people from feelings of loneliness.主干:new studies show that…解析:contrary to 与……相反;that同位语从句;that宾语从句翻译:与“怀旧是悲伤情绪”的旧看法相反,新研究显示怀旧可以帮助人们抵御孤独感。命题点:同位语从句,新旧观点对比

2.句子:When people look back on warm past moments, they get a stronger sense of who they are and where they belong.主干:they get a stronger sense解析:when时间状语从句;who/where引导宾语从句翻译:当人们回望温暖的过往片段,会获得更强的自我认知与归属感。命题点:宾语从句,研究作用

3.句子:Although it offers comfort, too much nostalgia may stop people from fully engaging with the present life.主干:too much nostalgia may stop people解析:although让步状语从句;stop sb from doing翻译:尽管怀旧能够带来慰藉,过度沉溺怀旧会阻碍人们投入当下的生活。命题点:让步逻辑,辩证态度(D篇高频辩证)

2023 全国甲卷 阅读D

题材:环境思辨·海洋微塑料对浮游生物的连锁影响

一、高频核心词20个

  1. microplastic n. 微塑料
  2. plankton n. 浮游生物
  3. chain n. 链条
  4. organism n. 有机体,生物
  5. consume v. 吞食,消耗
  6. accumulate v. 累积
  7. transfer v. 转移,传递
  8. toxic adj. 有毒的
  9. compound n. 化合物
  10. threaten v. 威胁
  11. marine adj. 海洋的
  12. foodweb n. 食物网
  13. invisible adj. 看不见的
  14. absorb v. 吸附
  15. widespread adj. 广泛分布的
  16. alarm v. 使担忧
  17. gradually adv. 逐步地
  18. trace v. 追踪
  19. consequence n. 后果
  20. ecosystem n. 生态系统

二、同义替换8组

  1. eat ↔ consume 吞食
  2. build up ↔ accumulate 累积
  3. pass on ↔ transfer 传递
  4. poisonous ↔ toxic 有毒的
  5. put at risk ↔ threaten 威胁
  6. unseen ↔ invisible 看不见的
  7. far-reaching ↔ widespread 广泛蔓延
  8. result ↔ consequence 后果

三、熟词生义6组

  1. chain n. 食物链(熟义:链子)
  2. trace v. 溯源追踪(熟义:痕迹)
  3. compound n. 化学复合物(熟义:复合的)
  4. alarm v. 令人警觉(熟义:闹钟)
  5. absorb v. 吸附微粒(熟义:吸收)
  6. web n. 食物网(熟义:网)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Tiny as they are, microplastics can enter the bottom of the food chain when taken in by small plankton.主干:microplastics can enter the bottom of the food chain解析:as引导倒装让步状语;when省略式状语从句翻译:尽管微塑料极其微小,一旦被浮游生物吞食,就会进入食物链底端。命题点:倒装让步,细节定位

2.句子:The danger lies in that these plastic particles carry harmful chemicals and pass them up to larger sea animals.主干:The danger lies in that…解析:in that 在于(原因);and并列谓语翻译:危险在于,这些塑料微粒携带有害物质,并沿着食物链向上传递给更大的海洋动物。命题点:in that原因结构,因果逻辑

3.句子:Scientists are trying hard to find out how microplastics change the balance of the whole marine ecosystem.主干:Scientists are trying hard to find out…解析:how宾语从句翻译:科学家正努力探明微塑料如何改变整个海洋生态系统的平衡。命题点:宾语从句,研究目的

2023 北京卷 D篇|题材:社科思辨——物品的纪念意义:为什么我们舍不得旧物

一、高频核心词20个

  1. possession n. 私人物品
  2. sentimental adj. 情感的
  3. attach v. 附上(情感)
  4. memory n. 回忆
  5. identity n. 自我身份
  6. symbol n. 象征
  7. represent v. 代表
  8. moment n. 瞬间
  9. value n. 价值
  10. material adj. 物质的
  11. emotional adj. 情感的
  12. abandon v. 舍弃
  13. link n. 联结
  14. remind v. 提醒
  15. experience n. 经历
  16. object n. 物件
  17. significance n. 意义
  18. fade v. 消退
  19. preserve v. 留存
  20. belong v. 归属

二、同义替换8组

  1. personal thing ↔ possession 私人物品
  2. connect ↔ attach 建立联系
  3. stand for ↔ represent 代表
  4. give up ↔ abandon 舍弃
  5. tie ↔ link 联结
  6. feeling ↔ emotion 情感
  7. importance ↔ significance 意义
  8. keep ↔ preserve 留存

三、熟词生义6组

  1. sentimental adj. 寄托情怀的(熟义:多愁善感)
  2. attach v. 赋予情感(熟义:粘贴)
  3. object n. 实物物件(熟义:目标)
  4. possession n. 随身纪念物(熟义:财产)
  5. identity n. 自我过往印记(熟义:身份)
  6. fade v. 记忆淡化(熟义:褪色)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Many old objects have little market value but carry strong emotional meaning for their owners.主干:Many old objects have little market value but carry strong emotional meaning解析:but转折并列句翻译:很多旧物件几乎没有市场价值,却对主人承载浓厚的情感意义。命题点:转折对比,开篇引入

2.句子:People keep these items because they serve as physical reminders of important life experiences.主干:People keep these items解析:because原因状语从句;reminder 提示物翻译:人们留存这些东西,是因为它们作为实物载体,提醒自己那些重要的人生经历。命题点:因果逻辑,原理

3.句子:Losing such possessions may feel like losing a part of the story that makes us who we are.主干:Losing such possessions may feel like losing a part of the story解析:that定语从句修饰story;who宾语从句翻译:失去这类纪念物,仿佛丢失了构成自我的一部分人生故事。命题点:多层从句,深层观点

2023 上海卷 D篇|题材:科普思辨——鸟类迁徙导航的多重线索

一、高频核心词20个

  1. migrate v. 迁徙
  2. navigate v. 导航
  3. cue n. 线索
  4. magnetic adj. 地磁的
  5. compass n. 罗盘
  6. star n. 星辰
  7. position n. 方位
  8. detect v. 感知
  9. combine v. 结合
  10. rely v. 依靠
  11. solar adj. 太阳的
  12. landmark n. 地标
  13. mechanism n. 生理机制
  14. adjust v. 校准
  15. confuse v. 干扰
  16. experiment n. 实验
  17. confirm v. 证实
  18. inner adj. 内在的
  19. signal n. 信号
  20. route n. 路线

二、同义替换8组

  1. find the way ↔ navigate 导航
  2. clue ↔ cue 线索
  3. sense ↔ detect 感知
  4. mix together ↔ combine 结合
  5. depend on ↔ rely on 依靠
  6. mark ↔ landmark 地标
  7. prove ↔ confirm 证实
  8. path ↔ route 路线

三、熟词生义6组

  1. cue n. 导航线索(熟义:提示)
  2. compass n. 生物地磁罗盘(熟义:指南针)
  3. magnetic adj. 地球磁场的(熟义:有磁性的)
  4. landmark n. 地理标识(熟义:里程碑)
  5. adjust v. 校准方向(熟义:调整)
  6. inner adj. 体内的(感知系统)(熟义:内部)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Birds do not depend on just one signal; they use several different cues to work out their direction.主干:Birds do not depend on just one signal; they use several different cues解析:分号并列句;work out 算出、确定翻译:鸟类并不只依赖单一信号,它们会用好几种不同线索来确定方向。命题点:并列句,核心结论

2.句子:Experiments show that some birds can sense Earth’s magnetic field, acting as a built-in biological compass.主干:Experiments show that…解析:that宾语从句;acting as现在分词作伴随状语翻译:实验表明部分鸟类可以感知地球磁场,相当于自带一个生物罗盘。命题点:分词伴随,科研发现

3.句子:When stars are hidden by clouds, the birds will turn to sun position and land marks for guidance.主干:the birds will turn to sun position and land marks for guidance解析:when时间状语从句;turn to 求助于翻译:当星辰被云层遮蔽,鸟类就会依靠太阳方位和地标导航。命题点:时间状语,切换线索的逻辑

2023 天津卷 D篇|题材:科技思辨——数字档案,线上记忆的脆弱性

一、高频核心词20个

  1. digital adj. 数字的
  2. archive n. 档案
  3. fragile adj. 脆弱的
  4. storage n. 存储
  5. platform n. 平台
  6. delete v. 删除
  7. disappear v. 消失
  8. preserve v. 保存
  9. access v. 访问,读取
  10. format n. 文件格式
  11. outdated adj. 过时的
  12. risk n. 风险
  13. permanent adj. 永久的
  14. assume v. 想当然认为
  15. backup n. 备份
  16. rely v. 依赖
  17. commercial adj. 商业的
  18. server n. 服务器
  19. record n. 记录
  20. survival n. 留存

二、同义替换8组

  1. easily broken ↔ fragile 脆弱
  2. keep safe ↔ preserve 保存
  3. get into ↔ access 读取访问
  4. out of date ↔ outdated 过时
  5. forever ↔ permanent 永久
  6. suppose ↔ assume 假定
  7. depend on ↔ rely on 依赖
  8. business ↔ commercial 商业的

三、熟词生义6组

  1. archive n. 个人/历史数字存档(熟义:档案馆)
  2. access v. 读取文件(熟义:进入)
  3. format n. 文件编码格式(熟义:版式)
  4. backup n. 数据备份(熟义:后援)
  5. server n. 云端服务器(熟义:侍者)
  6. storage n. 云端存储空间(熟义:储藏)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Many people wrongly believe that things uploaded online will stay there forever.主干:Many people wrongly believe that…解析:that宾语从句;uploaded过去分词作后置定语翻译:很多人错误地认为,上传到网上的内容会永久留存。命题点:宾语从句,大众误区

2.句子:If a social platform shuts down, all the photos and messages stored on it may be lost completely.主干:all the photos and messages may be lost completely解析:if条件状语从句;stored后置定语翻译:如果一个社交平台关停,存在上面所有照片和信息都可能彻底丢失。命题点:条件从句,风险例证

3.句子:The challenge of digital memory is that formats and platforms change much faster than physical media.主干:The challenge is that…解析:that表语从句;比较结构翻译:数字记忆的难题在于,文件格式和平台迭代速度远快于实体载体。命题点:表语从句,核心矛盾

2024 新高考I卷 阅读D

题材:文化思辨·口头叙事的独特价值(区别于文字阅读)

一、高频核心词20个

  1. narrative n. 叙事,故事
  2. oral adj. 口头的
  3. text n. 文本
  4. tone n. 语调
  5. gesture n. 手势
  6. emotion n. 情感
  7. flexible adj. 灵活的
  8. fixed adj. 固定的
  9. adapt v. 改编,调整
  10. audience n. 听众
  11. preserve v. 保存
  12. heritage n. 文化遗产
  13. convey v. 传递
  14. subtle adj. 微妙的
  15. dimension n. 维度
  16. interaction n. 互动
  17. alive adj. 鲜活的
  18. generation n. 一代人
  19. transmit v. 传承
  20. characteristic n. 特征

二、同义替换8组

  1. spoken ↔ oral 口头的
  2. change to suit ↔ adapt 调整适配
  3. keep ↔ preserve 保存
  4. pass down ↔ transmit 传承
  5. send across ↔ convey 传递
  6. slight ↔ subtle 细微的
  7. communication ↔ interaction 互动
  8. feature ↔ characteristic 特点

三、熟词生义6组

  1. text n. 书面文本(熟义:短信)
  2. tone n. 语气语调(熟义:色调)
  3. dimension n. 表达维度(熟义:尺寸)
  4. alive adj. 鲜活有生命力(熟义:活着)
  5. narrative n. 口述故事(熟义:叙述)
  6. fixed adj. 一成不变的(熟义:固定)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Unlike printed stories which stay unchanged, oral narratives can be adjusted according to listeners’ reaction.主干:oral narratives can be adjusted解析:which定语从句修饰printed stories;according to方式状语翻译:和固定不变的印刷故事不同,口头叙事可以根据听众的反应随时调整。命题点:定语从句+对比,核心区别

2.句子:What makes oral storytelling special is the live interaction between the teller and the audience.主干:What makes oral storytelling special is…解析:what主语从句翻译:让口头讲述与众不同的,是讲述者和听众之间实时的互动。命题点:主语从句,主旨句

3.句子:Gestures and voice tones carry subtle feelings that plain written words are unable to express.主干:Gestures and voice tones carry subtle feelings解析:that定语从句修饰feelings翻译:手势和语调承载着单纯文字无法表达的微妙情绪。命题点:定语从句,细节推断

2024 新高考II卷 阅读D

题材:社科思辨·闲暇时间使用方式与幸福感的关系

一、高频核心词20个

  1. leisure n. 闲暇
  2. well-being n. 幸福感
  3. engage v. 投入参与
  4. passive adj. 被动的
  5. active adj. 主动的
  6. consume v. 消遣(媒介)
  7. distract v. 分散注意力
  8. recharge v. 恢复精力
  9. meaningful adj. 有意义的
  10. evaluate v. 评估
  11. tendency n. 倾向
  12. alternative n. 备选方式
  13. satisfy v. 使满足
  14. psychological adj. 心理的
  15. rewarding adj. 有回报感的
  16. compare v. 对比
  17. routine n. 日常
  18. priority n. 优先事项
  19. conscious adj. 有意识的
  20. pursuit n. 追求

二、同义替换8组

  1. free time ↔ leisure 闲暇
  2. happiness ↔ well-being 幸福感
  3. take part in ↔ engage in 参与
  4. take one’s attention away ↔ distract 分心
  5. regain energy ↔ recharge 恢复精力
  6. worthwhile ↔ rewarding 有价值的
  7. choice ↔ alternative 选择
  8. aim ↔ pursuit 追求

三、熟词生义6组

  1. consume v. 刷视频、消遣媒介(熟义:消耗)
  2. passive adj. 被动休闲(熟义:被动)
  3. recharge v. 精神回血(熟义:充电)
  4. priority n. 优先安排的事(熟义:优先权)
  5. pursuit n. 精神追求(熟义:追赶)
  6. well-being n. 身心幸福感(熟义:安康)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Many people believe that relaxing means doing nothing, yet research finds passive rest may not lift their mood.主干:Many people believe that… yet research finds…解析:that两处宾语从句,yet转折并列句翻译:很多人认为放松就是什么都不做,然而研究发现被动休闲未必能改善情绪。命题点:转折逻辑,新旧认知对比

2.句子:Leisure time becomes most rewarding when people choose activities matching their personal values.主干:Leisure time becomes most rewarding解析:when时间状语从句;matching现在分词后置定语翻译:当人们选择契合自身价值观的活动时,闲暇时光才最有获得感。命题点:状语从句,研究结论

3.句子:It is not how much free time you own, but how you spend it that shapes your sense of satisfaction.主干:It is … that … 强调句型解析:not…but…取舍结构的强调句翻译:决定满足感的不是你拥有多少空闲时间,而是你如何度过它。命题点:强调句,主旨观点(D篇高频考点)

2024 全国甲卷 阅读D

题材:科技思辨·机器人陪伴对老年人的影响

一、高频核心词20个

  1. robot n. 机器人
  2. companion n. 陪伴者
  3. elderly adj. 年长的
  4. reduce v. 减少
  5. loneliness n. 孤独
  6. interact v. 互动
  7. limitation n. 局限
  8. substitute n. 替代品
  9. genuine adj. 真实的
  10. human contact 人际接触
  11. emotional adj. 情感的
  12. bond n. 情感联结
  13. supplement v. 补充
  14. replace v. 取代
  15. clinical adj. 临床的
  16. trial n. 试验
  17. feedback n. 反馈
  18. comfort n. 慰藉
  19. realistic adj. 现实的
  20. expectation n. 期待

二、同义替换8组

  1. old people ↔ the elderly 老年人
  2. cut down ↔ reduce 减少
  3. communicate ↔ interact 互动
  4. shortcoming ↔ limitation 局限
  5. take the place of ↔ substitute/replace 替代
  6. real ↔ genuine 真实的
  7. add to ↔ supplement 补充
  8. test ↔ trial 试验

三、熟词生义6组

  1. companion n. 陪护机器人(熟义:同伴)
  2. trial n. 临床试验(熟义:审判)
  3. substitute n. 替代物(熟义:代替)
  4. bond n. 情感纽带(熟义:债券)
  5. realistic adj. 切合实际的(熟义:现实主义)
  6. expectation n. 心理预期(熟义:期待)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Robot companions can ease loneliness for seniors, but they cannot fully take the place of human friends and family.主干:Robot companions can ease loneliness, but they cannot take the place…解析:but转折并列句翻译:陪护机器人能够缓解老人的孤独,但无法完全替代亲友。命题点:转折辩证,作者立场

2.句子:Researchers carried out a clinical trial to see how the elders respond to daily communication with robots.主干:Researchers carried out a clinical trial解析:to see目的状语;how宾语从句翻译:研究者开展一项临床试验,观察老年人对和机器人日常交流的反应。命题点:目的状语,实验目的

3.句子:The suggestion is that robots should serve as a helpful addition rather than a replacement for real human connection.主干:The suggestion is that…解析:that表语从句;rather than取舍翻译:(研究)建议机器人应当作为有益补充,而不是真实人际交流的替代品。命题点:表语从句,对策观点

2024 北京卷 D篇|题材:社科思辨——集体行动,微小个体行动的叠加效应

一、高频核心词20个

  1. individual n. 个体
  2. collective adj. 集体的
  3. action n. 行动
  4. effect n. 效应
  5. accumulate v. 累积
  6. ignore v. 忽视
  7. contribute v. 促成
  8. significant adj. 重大的
  9. tiny adj. 微小的
  10. effort n. 努力
  11. behaviour n. 行为
  12. scale n. 规模
  13. combine v. 联合
  14. impact n. 影响
  15. tend v. 倾向
  16. underestimate v. 低估
  17. join v. 参与
  18. campaign n. 活动
  19. gradual adj. 逐步的
  20. outcome n. 结果

二、同义替换8组

  1. single person ↔ individual 个体
  2. build up ↔ accumulate 累积
  3. add to ↔ contribute to 促成
  4. important ↔ significant 重大的
  5. size ↔ scale 规模
  6. effect ↔ impact 影响
  7. underrate ↔ underestimate 低估
  8. activity ↔ campaign 活动

三、熟词生义6组

  1. scale n. 宏观规模(熟义:天平、刻度)
  2. collective adj. 众人合力的(熟义:集体)
  3. campaign n. 公益行动(熟义:战役)
  4. tiny adj. 不起眼的(行动)(熟义:微小)
  5. gradual adj. 渐进式的改变(熟义:逐步)
  6. effect n. 叠加效应(熟义:效果)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:People often think one person’s small action counts for little, but it can matter greatly when many people do the same.主干:People often think…, but it can matter greatly解析:but转折;when时间状语从句;count for little 无足轻重翻译:人们常常觉得单个人的微小行动不值一提,但当大量人一起行动时,力量就不容小觑。命题点:转折+时间状语,辩证观点

2.句子:What we tend to overlook is that changes usually come from the slow buildup of countless small choices.主干:What we tend to overlook is that…解析:what主语从句,that表语从句翻译:我们容易忽视的一点是,改变往往源于无数微小选择的慢慢累积。命题点:主表从句,主旨句

3.句子:Even simple daily choices, such as saving energy, can produce far-reaching influence if widely shared.主干:Even simple daily choices can produce far-reaching influence解析:if省略式条件状语翻译:哪怕是节能这类简单日常选择,如果被广泛效仿,也会产生深远影响。命题点:省略条件句,推断题考点

2024 上海卷 D篇|题材:科普思辨——植物的“学习”与记忆能力

一、高频核心词20个

  1. plant n. 植物
  2. memory n. 记忆
  3. learn v. 学习
  4. stimulus n. 刺激
  5. respond v. 反应
  6. repeat v. 重复
  7. stress n. 胁迫(环境压力)
  8. record v. 记录
  9. signal n. 信号
  10. cell n. 细胞
  11. temporary adj. 暂时的
  12. long-term adj. 长期的
  13. expose v. 暴露于
  14. adapt v. 适应
  15. predict v. 预判
  16. absence n. 缺失
  17. trigger v. 触发
  18. experiment n. 实验
  19. biological adj. 生物的
  20. capacity n. 能力

二、同义替换8组

  1. reaction ↔ respond 反应
  2. pressure ↔ stress 胁迫压力
  3. short-lived ↔ temporary 短暂
  4. get used to ↔ adapt 适应
  5. forecast ↔ predict 预判
  6. cause ↔ trigger 触发
  7. test ↔ experiment 实验
  8. ability ↔ capacity 能力

三、熟词生义6组

  1. stimulus n. 环境刺激(熟义:刺激物)
  2. stress n. 干旱/虫害胁迫(熟义:压力)
  3. memory n. 植物生理记忆(熟义:记忆)
  4. cell n. 植物细胞(熟义:细胞)
  5. expose v. 经受(外界条件)(熟义:暴露)
  6. signal n. 化学信号(熟义:信号)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Though plants have no brains, some can remember past events and prepare for similar danger ahead of time.主干:some can remember past events and prepare for similar danger解析:though让步状语从句;ahead of time 提前翻译:尽管植物没有大脑,部分植物可以记住过往遭遇,提前为同类危险做好准备。命题点:让步逻辑,开篇反差

2.句子:Researchers believe that plants store learned information through chemical changes inside their cells.主干:Researchers believe that…解析:that宾语从句;through方式状语翻译:研究者认为,植物依靠细胞内部的化学变化储存习得信息。命题点:宾语从句,机制解释

3.句子:The memory will fade away if the plant does not meet the same stimulus again for a long period.主干:The memory will fade away解析:if条件状语从句翻译:如果长期不再遭遇相同刺激,这段“记忆”就会慢慢消退。命题点:条件从句,细节理解

2024 天津卷 D篇|题材:文化思辨——方言存续的价值

一、高频核心词20个

  1. dialect n. 方言
  2. identity n. 文化身份
  3. root n. 根源
  4. heritage n. 遗产
  5. preserve v. 保护
  6. communicate v. 交流
  7. vanish v. 消失
  8. unique adj. 独特的
  9. carry v. 承载
  10. wisdom n. 智慧
  11. generation n. 一代人
  12. pass v. 传承
  13. medium n. 载体
  14. diverse adj. 多元的
  15. standard adj. 标准的
  16. ignore v. 忽视
  17. treasure v. 珍视
  18. reflect v. 反映
  19. custom n. 习俗
  20. community n. 社群

二、同义替换8组

  1. disappear ↔ vanish 消失
  2. keep ↔ preserve 保护留存
  3. special ↔ unique 独特
  4. carry on ↔ pass down 传承
  5. different ↔ diverse 多元
  6. show ↔ reflect 反映
  7. value ↔ treasure 珍视
  8. origin ↔ root 根源

三、熟词生义6组

  1. root n. 文化根脉(熟义:树根)
  2. medium n. 语言载体(熟义:媒介)
  3. dialect n. 地方土语(熟义:方言)
  4. standard adj. 通用标准语(熟义:标准)
  5. wisdom n. 本土生活智慧(熟义:智慧)
  6. community n. 乡土社群(熟义:社区)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Standard languages help nationwide communication, while dialects keep local cultural features alive.主干:Standard languages help nationwide communication, while dialects keep local cultural features alive解析:while对比并列句;keep … alive 使……保持鲜活翻译:通用标准语服务全国沟通,而方言让地方文化特色得以延续。命题点:while对比,辩证立场

2.句子:Many local sayings carry old wisdom that cannot be expressed perfectly in the standard language.主干:Many local sayings carry old wisdom解析:that定语从句修饰wisdom翻译:很多乡土谚语承载着古老智慧,无法用通用语完美转述。命题点:定语从句,论据

3.句子:The worry is that young people no longer use dialects, so much local knowledge risks being lost forever.主干:The worry is that…解析:that表语从句;so结果状语从句翻译:令人担忧的是年轻人不再使用方言,大量本土知识有永久流失的风险。命题点:表语从句+结果逻辑

2025 新高考I卷 阅读D

题材:认知科学·“深度思考”与碎片化信息的冲突

一、高频核心词20个

  1. deep thinking 深度思考
  2. fragment n. 碎片
  3. information n. 信息
  4. constant adj. 持续不断的
  5. distraction n. 干扰
  6. maintain v. 维持
  7. focus n. 专注
  8. cognitive adj. 认知的
  9. capacity n. 容量,能力
  10. restore v. 恢复
  11. uninterrupted adj. 不受打扰的
  12. session n. 一段(思考)时间
  13. habit n. 习惯
  14. discipline n. 自律
  15. absorb v. 吸收理解
  16. surface adj. 浅层的
  17. insight n. 洞见
  18. consume v. 浏览(信息)
  19. interrupt v. 打断
  20. essential adj. 必不可少的

二、同义替换8组

  1. broken pieces ↔ fragment 碎片
  2. pull one’s attention away ↔ distraction 干扰
  3. keep ↔ maintain 维持
  4. ability ↔ capacity 能力
  5. get back ↔ restore 恢复
  6. shallow ↔ surface-level 浅层的
  7. understanding ↔ insight 洞见
  8. necessary ↔ essential 必要的

三、熟词生义6组

  1. session n. 一段专注时段(熟义:会议)
  2. discipline n. 自我约束(熟义:学科,纪律)
  3. consume v. 刷信息流(熟义:消耗)
  4. surface adj. 流于表面(熟义:表面)
  5. insight n. 深刻见解(熟义:洞察力)
  6. cognitive adj. 大脑认知层面(熟义:认知的)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:When we keep switching between short pieces of online content, our brain loses the chance for deep cognitive work.主干:our brain loses the chance解析:when时间状语从句;switch between 在……之间切换翻译:当我们不停在简短网络内容之间切换时,大脑失去进行深度认知加工的机会。命题点:因果推断,细节原理

2.句子:What many people ignore is that true insight rarely comes from quickly skimming scattered news.主干:What many people ignore is that…解析:what主语从句,that表语从句翻译:很多人忽略的一点是,深刻洞见几乎无法来自快速浏览零散资讯。命题点:主表从句,主旨句

3.句子:It requires self-discipline to create long, uninterrupted periods for thinking in a noisy digital world.主干:It requires self-discipline解析:it形式主语,to create真正主语翻译:在嘈杂的数字环境里,留出长时间不受打扰的思考,需要自律。命题点:形式主语,作者建议

2025 新高考II卷 阅读D

题材:社会思辨·“慢城市”理念,对抗快节奏城市模式

一、高频核心词20个

  1. pace n. 节奏
  2. urban adj. 城市的
  3. citizen n. 市民
  4. rush n. & v. 匆忙
  5. well-being n. 身心健康
  6. prioritize v. 优先重视
  7. local adj. 本土的
  8. commerce n. 商业
  9. preserve v. 保护
  10. tradition n. 传统
  11. quality n. 品质
  12. quantity n. 数量
  13. interaction n. 人际互动
  14. policy n. 政策
  15. advocate v. 倡导
  16. shift n. 转变
  17. lifestyle n. 生活方式
  18. harmony n. 和谐
  19. balance n. 平衡
  20. principle n. 原则

二、同义替换8组

  1. speed ↔ pace 节奏
  2. put first ↔ prioritize 优先考虑
  3. support publicly ↔ advocate 倡导
  4. change ↔ shift 转变
  5. trade ↔ commerce 商业
  6. feature ↔ principle 原则
  7. contact ↔ interaction 互动
  8. fit ↔ harmony 和谐

三、熟词生义6组

  1. pace n. 城市运转节奏(熟义:步速)
  2. prioritize v. 将生活质量置于优先(熟义:排序优先)
  3. shift n. 发展思路转变(熟义:转移)
  4. quality n. 生活品质(熟义:质量)
  5. local adj. 本土小店、本土文化(熟义:当地)
  6. principle n. 城市发展理念(熟义:原理)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:The slow-city movement does not refuse development, but calls for a different way of urban planning.主干:The movement does not refuse development, but calls for…解析:not…but…取舍结构翻译:慢城市运动并不拒绝发展,而是呼吁一种不一样的城市规划思路。命题点:取舍结构,澄清误解(D篇常考排除误区)

2.句子:Officials who follow this idea prefer to support small local businesses rather than large chain stores.主干:Officials prefer to support small local businesses解析:who定语从句;rather than对比翻译:遵循该理念的管理者更愿意扶持本土小店,而非大型连锁门店。命题点:定语从句,方案细节

3.句子:Its final goal is that city residents can enjoy a balanced life instead of being pushed into endless hurry.主干:Its final goal is that…解析:that表语从句;instead of 而不是翻译:它的最终目标是让市民享受平衡的生活,而不是被裹挟进无休止的匆忙。命题点:表语从句,核心目标

2025 全国乙卷 阅读D

题材:科普思辨·植物之间的信息交流网络

一、高频核心词20个

  1. plant n. 植物
  2. communicate v. 交流
  3. underground adj. 地下的
  4. fungus n. 真菌
  5. network n. 网络
  6. signal n. 信号
  7. chemical n. 化学物质
  8. warn v. 警告
  9. attack n. & v. 侵害
  10. insect n. 昆虫
  11. defence n. 防御
  12. detect v. 探测
  13. transfer v. 传递
  14. nutrient n. 养分
  15. assist v. 协助
  16. survival n. 存活
  17. invisible adj. 看不见的
  18. complex adj. 复杂的
  19. reveal v. 揭示
  20. phenomenon n. 现象

二、同义替换8组

  1. send messages ↔ communicate 传递信息
  2. find out ↔ detect 探测、察觉
  3. pass ↔ transfer 传递
  4. food supply ↔ nutrient 养分
  5. help ↔ assist 协助
  6. stay alive ↔ survival 存活
  7. hidden ↔ invisible 看不见的
  8. show ↔ reveal 揭示

三、熟词生义6组

  1. fungus n. 菌丝真菌(熟义:菌类)
  2. network n. 菌丝网络(熟义:网络)
  3. defence n. 植物防御机制(熟义:防御)
  4. signal n. 化学预警信号(熟义:信号)
  5. warn v. 预警周边植株(熟义:警告)
  6. chemical n. 化学信使物质(熟义:化学的)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Plants can send warning signals through fungal threads when nearby leaves are eaten by harmful insects.主干:Plants can send warning signals解析:when时间状语从句;through方式状语翻译:当附近叶片遭到害虫啃食时,植物可以通过菌丝发出预警信号。命题点:时序+方式,实验原理

2.句子:What surprises biologists most is that the network also allows healthier plants to share nutrients with weak ones.主干:What surprises biologists most is that…解析:what主语从句,that表语从句翻译:最让生物学家惊奇的是,这套网络还能让长势好的植株向弱小植株输送养分。命题点:主表从句,研究新发现

3.句子:This hidden system helps the whole plant group increase the chance of surviving outside threats.主干:This hidden system helps the group increase the chance解析:of后置定语修饰chance翻译:这套隐秘的系统提升整个植物群落抵御外部威胁、存活下去的概率。命题点:后置定语,因果推断

2025 北京卷 D篇|题材:认知思辨——过度选择(选择悖论)

一、高频核心词20个

  1. option n. 选项
  2. choice n. 选择
  3. overload n. 过载
  4. satisfy v. 使满足
  5. hesitate v. 犹豫
  6. regret v. 后悔
  7. evaluate v. 评估
  8. compare v. 对比
  9. burden n. 负担
  10. limit v. 限制
  11. benefit n. 益处
  12. decision n. 决定
  13. prefer v. 偏好
  14. stress n. 压力
  15. reduce v. 减少
  16. freedom n. 自由
  17. assume v. 假定
  18. available adj. 可获得的
  19. simplify v. 简化
  20. outcome n. 结果

二、同义替换8组

  1. choice ↔ option 选项
  2. too much ↔ overload 过载
  3. judge ↔ evaluate 评估
  4. load ↔ burden 负担
  5. cut down ↔ reduce 减少
  6. suppose ↔ assume 想当然认为
  7. easy to get ↔ available 可选择的
  8. make simple ↔ simplify 简化

三、熟词生义6组

  1. overload n. 选择过载(熟义:超载)
  2. burden n. 决策负担(熟义:重担)
  3. stress n. 决策焦虑(熟义:压力)
  4. available adj. 可供挑选的(熟义:可用)
  5. simplify v. 精简选项(熟义:简化)
  6. regret v. 选择后的懊恼(熟义:后悔)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:We usually believe more choices mean greater freedom, yet too many choices make it harder to decide.主干:We usually believe…, yet too many choices make it harder to decide解析:yet转折;it形式宾语翻译:我们总以为更多选择代表更大自由,但选项过多反而让决策变得困难。命题点:转折,大众固有认知

2.句子:When there are countless similar products, shoppers spend much time comparing and feel less satisfied finally.主干:shoppers spend much time comparing and feel less satisfied解析:when时间状语从句翻译:当有无数同类商品可选时,购物者耗费大量时间对比,最终满足感反而更低。命题点:状语从句,实验现象

3.句子:What the research suggests is that proper limits on choices can improve our sense of satisfaction.主干:What the research suggests is that…解析:what主语从句,that表语从句翻译:该研究表明,对选择设置适度限制,反而可以提升我们的满足感。命题点:主表从句,作者建议

2025 上海卷 D篇|题材:环境思辨——城市昆虫衰退及其生态连锁影响

一、高频核心词20个

  1. insect n. 昆虫
  2. decline n.&v. 衰退
  3. pollinate v. 授粉
  4. ecosystem n. 生态系统
  5. link n. 关联
  6. pesticide n. 杀虫剂
  7. habitat n. 栖息地
  8. fragment v. 碎片化
  9. species n. 物种
  10. food chain 食物链
  11. wildlife n. 野生动物
  12. data n. 数据
  13. trend n. 趋势
  14. threaten v. 威胁
  15. recovery n. 恢复
  16. native adj. 本土的
  17. plant n. 植物
  18. chemical n. 化学药剂
  19. measure n. 措施
  20. stable adj. 稳定的

二、同义替换8组

  1. fall ↔ decline 衰退
  2. fertilize flowers ↔ pollinate 授粉
  3. home ↔ habitat 栖息地
  4. break into pieces ↔ fragment 碎片化
  5. tendency ↔ trend 趋势
  6. put at risk ↔ threaten 威胁
  7. local ↔ native 本土的
  8. action ↔ measure 举措

三、熟词生义6组

  1. fragment v. 栖息地割裂(熟义:碎片)
  2. pollinate v. 给植物传粉(熟义:授粉)
  3. native adj. 本土原生(植物)(熟义:本地)
  4. measure n. 保护举措(熟义:测量)
  5. decline n. 种群数量下滑(熟义:下降)
  6. pesticide n. 农用杀虫药剂(熟义:农药)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Insects carry out key work such as pollination; their drop will influence nearly all living things in the city.主干:Insects carry out key work; their drop will influence nearly all living things解析:分号并列句;such as举例翻译:昆虫承担授粉这类关键工作,它们数量下降会影响城市里几乎所有生物。命题点:并列句,总起论点

2.句子:Habitat loss and widely used farm chemicals are considered two main causes of the insect decline.主干:Habitat loss and widely used farm chemicals are considered two main causes解析:被动语态;widely used过去分词修饰chemicals翻译:栖息地消失和广泛使用农用化学品,被认为是昆虫减少的两大主因。命题点:被动句式,归因

3.句子:Planting native flowers in urban green spaces can offer food and shelter to support insect recovery.主干:Planting native flowers can offer food and shelter解析:动名词短语作主语;to support目的状语翻译:在城市绿地种植本土花卉,可以提供食物与庇护,助力昆虫种群恢复。命题点:目的状语,对策句

2025 天津卷 D篇|题材:科技思辨——人机协作,AI是搭档而非替代者

一、高频核心词20个

  1. cooperate v. 协作
  2. partner n. 搭档
  3. replace v. 取代
  4. task n. 任务
  5. strength n. 长处
  6. weakness n. 短板
  7. accurate adj. 精准的
  8. creative adj. 创造性的
  9. judge v. 判断
  10. complex adj. 复杂的
  11. emotion n. 情感
  12. pattern n. 模式
  13. analyse v. 分析
  14. flexible adj. 灵活的
  15. rely v. 依靠
  16. combine v. 结合
  17. advantage n. 优势
  18. skill n. 技能
  19. scene n. 场景
  20. improve v. 提升

二、同义替换8组

  1. work together ↔ cooperate 协作
  2. take the place of ↔ replace 取代
  3. strong point ↔ strength 长处
  4. exact ↔ accurate 精准
  5. complicated ↔ complex 复杂
  6. look at ↔ analyse 分析
  7. benefit ↔ advantage 优势
  8. better ↔ improve 提升

三、熟词生义6组

  1. strength n. 擅长领域(熟义:力量)
  2. pattern n. 数据规律(熟义:图案)
  3. flexible adj. 变通处理(熟义:灵活)
  4. scene n. 应用场景(熟义:场景)
  5. partner n. 协作助手(熟义:伙伴)
  6. task n. 细分工作项(熟义:任务)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:AI excels at repeating calculations and spotting hidden patterns, while humans are good at creative thinking and value judgement.主干:AI excels at…, while humans are good at…解析:while对比连词;excel at 擅长翻译:AI擅长重复运算、发现隐藏规律,而人类擅长创造性思考与价值判断。命题点:while对比,分工差异

2.句子:The best result appears when humans and AI make full use of their separate strengths.主干:The best result appears解析:when时间状语从句;make full use of 充分利用翻译:当人类和AI充分发挥各自长处时,才能获得最优结果。命题点:状语从句,核心观点

3.句子:Rather than fearing AI, people should learn to work with it to deal with difficult problems.主干:people should learn to work with it解析:rather than取舍结构;to deal with目的状语翻译:人们不该惧怕AI,而应当学会和它协作,处理复杂难题。命题点:rather than,作者态度建议

2026 全国一卷 阅读D

题材:教育思辨·考试分数之外,评估学生创造力的困难与价值

一、高频核心词20个

  1. assess v. 评估
  2. creativity n. 创造力
  3. standard n. 标准
  4. score n. 分数
  5. subjective adj. 主观的
  6. objective adj. 客观的
  7. rubric n. 评分细则
  8. potential n. 潜力
  9. demonstrate v. 展现
  10. flexible adj. 灵活的
  11. fixed adj. 固化的
  12. criteria n. 评判标准
  13. challenge v. 挑战
  14. innovation n. 创新
  15. evidence n. 证据
  16. ignore v. 忽视
  17. indicator n. 指标
  18. multiple adj. 多元的
  19. measure v. 衡量
  20. mindset n. 思维模式

二、同义替换8组

  1. judge ↔ assess 评估
  2. rule ↔ standard/criteria 评判标准
  3. show ↔ demonstrate 展现
  4. hard to change ↔ fixed 固化的
  5. new idea ↔ innovation 创新
  6. proof ↔ evidence 依据
  7. sign ↔ indicator 指标
  8. many ↔ multiple 多元的

三、熟词生义6组

  1. rubric n. 分项评分量表(熟义:标题)
  2. criteria n. 评判维度(熟义:标准)
  3. potential n. 发展潜能(熟义:潜力)
  4. subjective adj. 主观打分(熟义:主观)
  5. measure v. 衡量能力(熟义:测量)
  6. mindset n. 创造性思维(熟义:心态)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:While test scores are easy to compare, they seldom show how creative a student truly is.主干:they seldom show how creative a student truly is解析:while让步状语从句;how宾语从句翻译:虽然考试分数便于横向对比,却很难体现一名学生真实的创造力水平。命题点:让步对比,开篇矛盾点

2.句子:The trouble is that creativity often produces unexpected results which do not fit preset grading rules.主干:The trouble is that…解析:that表语从句;which定语从句修饰results翻译:难点在于创造力常常产出意料之外的成果,并不符合预先设定的打分规则。命题点:表语+定语从句,核心难点

3.句子:Experts suggest schools use multiple ways rather than only written exams to discover young learners’ creative potential.主干:Experts suggest (that) schools use multiple ways解析:宾语从句省略that;rather than取舍翻译:专家建议学校采用多元方式,而不是只依靠笔试,发掘青少年的创造潜能。命题点:观点建议,推断对策

2026 全国二卷 阅读D

题材:科技思辨·算法推荐的“信息茧房”效应

一、高频核心词20个

  1. algorithm n. 算法
  2. recommendation n. 推荐
  3. bubble n. 茧房
  4. expose v. 使接触
  5. diverse adj. 多元的
  6. viewpoint n. 观点
  7. preference n. 偏好
  8. feed v. 推送
  9. limit v. 限制
  10. broaden v. 拓宽
  11. horizon n. 眼界
  12. filter v. 筛选
  13. content n. 内容
  14. aware adj. 意识到的
  15. trap v. 困住
  16. automatic adj. 自动的
  17. adjust v. 调整
  18. deliberately adv. 主动刻意地
  19. diversity n. 多样性
  20. consequence n. 后果

二、同义替换8组

  1. show ↔ recommend 推荐推送
  2. different ↔ diverse 多元的
  3. like ↔ preference 偏好
  4. hold back ↔ limit 限制
  5. widen ↔ broaden 拓宽
  6. screen out ↔ filter 筛选过滤
  7. on purpose ↔ deliberately 刻意地
  8. result ↔ consequence 后果

三、熟词生义6组

  1. bubble n. 信息茧房(熟义:气泡)
  2. feed v. 信息流推送(熟义:喂养)
  3. trap v. 困在单一信息内(熟义:陷阱)
  4. content n. 网络内容(熟义:满足)
  5. expose v. 接触不同信息(熟义:暴露)
  6. filter v. 算法过滤内容(熟义:过滤器)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Algorithms learn our likes and keep sending similar posts, which gradually lock us inside an information bubble.主干:Algorithms learn our likes and keep sending similar posts解析:which非限制性定语从句翻译:算法捕捉我们的喜好,持续推送同类内容,慢慢把我们困在信息茧房之中。命题点:非限制性定语从句,现象描述

2.句子:The danger of the bubble is that people lose chances to hear opinions different from their own.主干:The danger is that…解析:that表语从句;different from后置定语翻译:茧房的风险在于,人们失去接触异见的机会。命题点:表语从句,危害分析

3.句子:Users can break the bubble only if they actively seek out topics and views they seldom meet normally.主干:Users can break the bubble解析:only if条件状语从句;定语从句they seldom meet翻译:用户只有主动搜寻平时很少接触的话题和观点,才能打破茧房。命题点:条件从句,可行方案

2026 全国甲卷 阅读D

题材:环境思辨·生物迁徙节律受气候变暖的错位危机

一、高频核心词20个

  1. migrate v. 迁徙
  2. rhythm n. 节律
  3. climate n. 气候
  4. warming n. 变暖
  5. mismatch n. 错位,不同步
  6. bloom v. 开花
  7. hatch v. 孵化
  8. peak n. 峰值
  9. timing n. 时间节点
  10. rely v. 依靠
  11. resource n. 食物资源
  12. survival n. 存活
  13. shift v. 偏移
  14. temperature n. 气温
  15. signal n. 气候信号
  16. respond v. 做出反应
  17. rapidly adv. 快速地
  18. threaten v. 威胁
  19. species n. 物种
  20. ecosystem n. 生态系统

二、同义替换8组

  1. move seasonally ↔ migrate 迁徙
  2. out of sync ↔ mismatch 不同步、错位
  3. come out ↔ hatch 孵化
  4. depend on ↔ rely on 依靠
  5. change ↔ shift 偏移
  6. react ↔ respond 响应
  7. fast ↔ rapidly 快速
  8. kind of living thing ↔ species 物种

三、熟词生义6组

  1. bloom v. (植物)盛花期(熟义:绽放)
  2. peak n. 食物供给高峰期(熟义:山峰)
  3. timing n. 物候时间点(熟义:时机)
  4. mismatch n. 物候错位(熟义:不匹配)
  5. rhythm n. 自然节律(熟义:节奏)
  6. hatch v. 幼虫破壳(熟义:孵化)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Many creatures set their migration time according to temperature, which is rising faster than before.主干:Many creatures set their migration time解析:which非限制性定语从句翻译:很多生物依据气温确定迁徙时间,而如今气温上升速度远超以往。命题点:定语从句,背景条件

2.句子:Mismatch happens when animals arrive only to find that their main food source has already passed its peak.主干:Mismatch happens解析:when时间状语从句;only to find结果状语;that宾语从句翻译:当动物抵达目的地,却发现主要食物高峰期已经过去,物候错位就发生了。命题点:only to find(意外结果),高频D篇语法点

3.句子:Scientists warn that such broken timing relations may lead to the drop of some animal populations.主干:Scientists warn that…解析:that宾语从句;lead to 导致翻译:科学家警示,这种被打乱的时间匹配关系,可能造成部分动物种群数量下降。命题点:宾语从句,后果推断

2026 全国乙卷 阅读D

题材:社科思辨·善意行为带来的施助者幸福感(助己效应)

一、高频核心词20个

  1. kindness n. 善意
  2. giver n. 施予者
  3. receiver n. 接受者
  4. boost v. 提升
  5. mood n. 情绪
  6. hormone n. 激素
  7. link n. 关联
  8. conduct v. 开展(研究)
  9. measure v. 测量
  10. emotional adj. 情绪的
  11. reward n. 回报感
  12. volunteer v. 志愿付出
  13. temporary adj. 短暂的
  14. lasting adj. 持久的
  15. motive n. 动机
  16. genuine adj. 发自内心的
  17. compare v. 对比
  18. statistic n. 统计数据
  19. confirm v. 证实
  20. well-being n. 身心幸福感

二、同义替换8组

  1. lift up ↔ boost 提升
  2. carry out ↔ conduct 开展(实验)
  3. aim ↔ motive 动机
  4. real ↔ genuine 真诚的
  5. data ↔ statistic 统计数据
  6. prove ↔ confirm 证实
  7. short-lived ↔ temporary 短暂的
  8. long-term ↔ lasting 持久的

三、熟词生义6组

  1. giver n. 行善者(熟义:给予者)
  2. boost v. 提振情绪(熟义:推动)
  3. reward n. 内在满足感(熟义:奖励)
  4. conduct v. 实施研究(熟义:引导)
  5. link n. 内在关联(熟义:链接)
  6. mood n. 心境(熟义:心情)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:A series of studies show that small acts of kindness can improve the helper’s mood more than many people expect.主干:studies show that…解析:that宾语从句;more than比较结构翻译:一系列研究表明,微小善举给助人者带来的情绪提升,超出很多人的预想。命题点:研究结论,开篇观点

2.句子:What matters most is not how much money one gives, but whether the action comes from true care for others.主干:What matters most is not…but…解析:what主语从句,not…but…取舍对比翻译:最重要的不在于付出多少,而在于这个行为是否源于对他人真诚的关心。命题点:主旨取舍句,高频考题

3.句子:Though the pleasant feeling after helping others may fade soon, it builds up over repeated kind acts.主干:it builds up解析:though让步状语从句;fade消退;build up累积翻译:助人之后的愉悦感虽然会很快消散,但多次行善之后这种效应会持续累积。命题点:让步逻辑,辩证理解

2026 北京卷 D篇|题材:社科思辨——适度无聊,屏幕时代留白的价值

一、高频核心词20个

  1. screen n. 电子屏幕
  2. fill v. 填满
  3. pause n.&v. 停顿
  4. blank adj. 空白的
  5. thought n. 思绪
  6. schedule n. 日程
  7. constant adj. 不间断的
  8. input n. 信息输入
  9. mental adj. 心智的
  10. refresh v. 重置、恢复
  11. necessary adj. 必要的
  12. creative adj. 创造性的
  13. rush n.&v. 匆忙
  14. space n. 空间
  15. overlook v. 忽视
  16. benefit n. 益处
  17. rhythm n. 节奏
  18. restore v. 复原
  19. overstimulate v. 过度刺激
  20. reflection n. 反思

二、同义替换8组

  1. stop briefly ↔ pause 暂停
  2. required ↔ necessary 必要的
  3. hurry ↔ rush 匆忙
  4. ignore ↔ overlook 忽视
  5. advantage ↔ benefit 益处
  6. recover ↔ restore 恢复
  7. think deeply ↔ reflection 反思
  8. keep supplying ↔ input 持续输入

三、熟词生义6组

  1. blank adj. 思维留白(熟义:空白)
  2. space n. 思考空隙(熟义:空间)
  3. rhythm n. 生活节奏(熟义:节拍)
  4. refresh v. 脑力重置(熟义:刷新)
  5. input n. 信息流(熟义:输入)
  6. reflection n. 自我复盘思考(熟义:反射)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Many people reach for their phones the second there is a short break, leaving no space for unguided thinking.主干:Many people reach for their phones解析:the second 引导时间状语从句;leaving现在分词结果状语翻译:一有空隙很多人就拿起手机,不给自由思考留下空间。命题点:the second从句+分词结果

2.句子:Mental blankness is not wasted time; it offers a chance for our brain to sort out information.主干:Mental blankness is not wasted time; it offers a chance解析:分号并列句;sort out 梳理翻译:思维留白并不是浪费时间,它给大脑提供梳理信息的机会。命题点:并列句,澄清误区

3.句子:Those who allow short periods without screens report stronger ability for independent reflection.主干:Those report stronger ability解析:who定语从句修饰those;without screens后置定语翻译:愿意留出小段无屏幕时间的人,自主反思能力更强。命题点:定语从句,实验结论

2026 上海卷 D篇|题材:科普思辨——仿生学:向自然学习工程方案

一、高频核心词20个

  1. bionics n. 仿生学
  2. imitate v. 模仿
  3. nature n. 大自然
  4. design n.&v. 设计
  5. structure n. 结构
  6. function n. 功能
  7. engineer v. 工程设计
  8. solution n. 解决方案
  9. species n. 物种
  10. adapt v. 适应
  11. efficient adj. 高效的
  12. lightweight adj. 轻质的
  13. inspire v. 启发
  14. copy v. 复刻
  15. principle n. 原理
  16. observe v. 观察
  17. apply v. 应用
  18. innovation n. 创新
  19. pattern n. 构造模式
  20. survive v. 存活

二、同义替换8组

  1. copy ↔ imitate 模仿
  2. build ↔ engineer 工程打造
  3. answer ↔ solution 解决方案
  4. fit environment ↔ adapt 适应
  5. productive ↔ efficient 高效
  6. encourage new ideas ↔ inspire 启发
  7. use ↔ apply 应用
  8. new invention ↔ innovation 创新

三、熟词生义6组

  1. engineer v. 设计制造(熟义:工程师)
  2. principle n. 生物运作原理(熟义:原则)
  3. lightweight adj. 轻质结构(熟义:轻量)
  4. pattern n. 生物构造纹路(熟义:图案)
  5. bionics n. 仿生(熟义:仿生学)
  6. function n. 生物机能(熟义:功能)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:Bionics means studying how natural systems work and borrowing their tricks to solve human problems.主干:Bionics means studying… and borrowing…解析:how宾语从句;to solve目的状语翻译:仿生学就是研究自然系统如何运转,借鉴其机理解决人类难题。命题点:动名词宾语,概念定义

2.句子:The wings of birds have inspired lighter plane structures that save fuel during flight.主干:The wings have inspired lighter plane structures解析:that定语从句修饰structures翻译:鸟类翅膀启发人们研发更轻量化的飞机结构,以此节约飞行燃油。命题点:定语从句,实例论据

3.句子:Nature’s designs are usually highly efficient because they have been tested by millions of years of evolution.主干:Nature’s designs are usually highly efficient解析:because原因状语从句;被动语态翻译:大自然的设计通常效率极高,因为它们已经经过数百万年演化的检验。命题点:因果从句,核心原理

2026 天津卷 D篇|题材:社科思辨——善意的社会传染效应

一、高频核心词20个

  1. kindness n. 善意
  2. spread v. 传播
  3. ripple n. 涟漪效应
  4. influence n. 影响
  5. observe v. 观察
  6. copy v. 效仿
  7. mood n. 情绪
  8. chain n. 连锁
  9. receiver n. 接受者
  10. pass v. 传递
  11. positive adj. 积极的
  12. action n. 举动
  13. social adj. 社交层面的
  14. network n. 人际网络
  15. multiply v. 倍增
  16. temporary adj. 短暂的
  17. motivate v. 激励
  18. witness v. 目睹
  19. behaviour n. 行为
  20. tendency n. 倾向

二、同义替换8组

  1. go around ↔ spread 传播
  2. effect ↔ influence 影响
  3. see ↔ witness 目睹
  4. follow ↔ copy 效仿
  5. good ↔ positive 积极
  6. increase ↔ multiply 倍增
  7. encourage ↔ motivate 激励
  8. trend ↔ tendency 倾向

三、熟词生义6组

  1. ripple n. 涟漪扩散效应(熟义:波纹)
  2. chain n. 善意连锁反应(熟义:链条)
  3. network n. 人际社交网(熟义:网络)
  4. multiply v. 效应放大(熟义:相乘)
  5. witness v. 亲眼见到(熟义:证人)
  6. receiver n. 受助者(熟义:接收方)

四、长难句3句

1.句子:A small act of kindness does not only help one person; it can set off a chain reaction in social groups.主干:A small act of kindness does not only help one person; it can set off a chain reaction解析:分号并列句;set off 触发翻译:一个微小善举不只是帮助一个人,还能在社群中触发连锁反应。命题点:并列句,开篇论点

2.句子:People who watch others do kind things are more likely to carry out similar helpful behaviour later.主干:People are more likely to carry out similar helpful behaviour解析:who定语从句修饰people翻译:目睹他人行善的人,之后做出同类助人行为的概率更高。命题点:定语从句,实验结论

3.句子:Though the feeling brought by kindness may fade fast, its ripple effect can reach people far away.主干:its ripple effect can reach people far away解析:though让步状语从句;brought过去分词修饰feeling翻译:善意带来的感受或许很快消退,但它的涟漪效应可以传递给很远的人。命题点:让步逻辑,辩证观点


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