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定语从句讲解和练习(文末可下载)

定语从句讲解和练习(文末可下载)

定语从句的核心就是:用一个句子去修饰名词。这个名词叫先行词,引导从句的词叫关系词,比如关系代词who / which / that / whom / whose,还有关系副词when / where 和why。

记住,关系词有两个作用:
1. 连接主句和从句;2. 在从句里充当成分,比如主语、宾语、表语(关系代词的作用);状语(关系副词的作用)。

一、关系词判断方法

先看先行词是人还是物,再看关系词在从句里作什么成分。

先行词关系词例句
人who / thatThe girl who is singing is my sister.(作主语)
物which / thatThe book that is on the table is mine.
(作主语)
人/物thatHe talked about the people and places that impressed him.
(作主语)

二、关系代词省略规则

关系代词在从句中作宾语时,通常可以省略:

  • The book (that) I bought is interesting.
  • The man (who) I helped is my uncle.

☆还有一种特殊情况:当关系代词作主语,且从句是 be + doing 时,可以省略关系代词和 be 动词:

  • The woman (who is) standing there is my teacher.
  • The boys (who are) playing basketball are my classmates.
练一练

一、选 who / which / that

1. The boy ___ is running is Tom.
2. I like the movie ___ we watched last night.
3. She is the teacher ___ teaches us English.
4. The bag ___ is on the chair is mine.
5. Do you know the girl ___ is talking to Mr. Li?

二、合并句子

6. I have a friend. He lives in Beijing.
7. The book is interesting. I bought it yesterday.
8. The man is my father. He is driving the car.
9. The pen is broken. It is on the desk.
10. She is the girl. I met her at the party.

参考答案

一、

  1. who / that(先行词是 boy,指人,且在从句中作主语)
  2. which / that(先行词是 movie,指物,且在从句中作宾语,可省略)
  3. who / that(先行词是 teacher,指人,且在从句中作主语)
  4. which / that(先行词是 bag,指物,且在从句中作主语)
  5. who / that(先行词是 girl,指人,且在从句中作主语)
  6. I have a friend who/that lives in Beijing.
  7. The book which/that I bought yesterday is interesting.
  8. The man who/that is driving the car is my father.
  9. The pen which/that is on the desk is broken.
10.She is the girl who/whom/that I met at the party.(口语中也可省略关系词)

Tips:做题时记住两个判断步骤:先看先行词是人还是物,再看关系词在从句里作主语还是宾语。作主语不能省,作宾语可以省。   

      接下来,学习关系副词——when / where / why ,它们也引导定语从句,但和 who / which / that 不同:who / which / that 是关系代词,在从句里代替名词;when / where / why 是关系副词,在从句里表示时间、地点、原因。

一、when:修饰表示时间的先行词

先行词通常是 day, time, year, month, week, moment 等。

结构例句
时间词 + whenI still remember the day when we first met.
时间词 + on whichI still remember the day on which we first met.

I still remember the day when we first met.我还记得我们第一次见面的那一天。

这里 the day 是先行词,when we first met 是定语从句,修饰 the day。

二、where:修饰表示地点的先行词

先行词通常是 place, school, house, room, city, park, village 等。

结构例句
地点词 + whereThis is the school where I studied for three years.
地点词 + in whichThis is the school in which I studied for three years.

This is the school where I studied for three years.这就是我学习了三年的学校。

这里 the school 是先行词,where I studied for three years 是定语从句,修饰 the school。

三、why:修饰表示原因的先行词

why 通常只修饰 the reason。

结构例句
the reason + whyThat is the reason why he was late.
the reason + for whichThat is the reason for which he was late.

That is the reason why he was late.那就是他迟到的原因。

四、判断方法

先看先行词是什么,再看从句里缺什么成分:

  • 先行词是时间,从句意思完整,用 when;
  • 先行词是地点,从句意思完整,用 where;
  • 先行词是 the reason,用 why;
  • 如果从句里缺主语或宾语,通常还是用 who / which / that。

五、易错点对比(高频考点)

This is the house where I lived.这是我住过的房子。从句 I lived 意思完整,where 表示“在这所房子里”。

This is the house which/that I bought.这是我买的房子。从句 I bought ___ 缺宾语,所以用 which/that。

再比如:

I’ll never forget the day when we met.我永远不会忘记我们见面的那一天。

I’ll never forget the day which/that we spent together.我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的那一天。这里 spent 后面缺宾语,所以用 which/that,不用 when。

小练习

  1. I still remember the day ___ we first met.
  2. This is the park ___ I often play basketball.
  3. That is the reason ___ he didn’t come.
  4. The house ___ I lived in is very old.
  5. The house ___ I lived is very old.

参考答案:1.when   2.where 3.why  4.which / that 5.where

第4题用 which/that,因为 lived in 后面缺宾语;第5题用 where,因为从句 I lived 已经完整,where 表示“在这所房子里”。

定语从句讲解和练习.pdf
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