ARTICLE · 1306516
定语从句讲解和练习(文末可下载)
定语从句的核心就是:用一个句子去修饰名词。这个名词叫先行词,引导从句的词叫关系词,比如关系代词who / which / that / whom / whose,还有关系副词when / where 和why。
一、关系词判断方法
先看先行词是人还是物,再看关系词在从句里作什么成分。
| 先行词 | 关系词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 人 | who / that | The girl who is singing is my sister.(作主语) |
| 物 | which / that | The book that is on the table is mine. |
| 人/物 | that | He talked about the people and places that impressed him. |
二、关系代词省略规则
关系代词在从句中作宾语时,通常可以省略:
- The book (that) I bought is interesting.
- The man (who) I helped is my uncle.
☆还有一种特殊情况:当关系代词作主语,且从句是 be + doing 时,可以省略关系代词和 be 动词:
- The woman (who is) standing there is my teacher.
- The boys (who are) playing basketball are my classmates.
一、选 who / which / that
二、合并句子
参考答案
一、
- who / that(先行词是 boy,指人,且在从句中作主语)
- which / that(先行词是 movie,指物,且在从句中作宾语,可省略)
- who / that(先行词是 teacher,指人,且在从句中作主语)
- which / that(先行词是 bag,指物,且在从句中作主语)
- who / that(先行词是 girl,指人,且在从句中作主语)
- I have a friend who/that lives in Beijing.
- The book which/that I bought yesterday is interesting.
- The man who/that is driving the car is my father.
- The pen which/that is on the desk is broken.
Tips:做题时记住两个判断步骤:先看先行词是人还是物,再看关系词在从句里作主语还是宾语。作主语不能省,作宾语可以省。
接下来,学习关系副词——when / where / why ,它们也引导定语从句,但和 who / which / that 不同:who / which / that 是关系代词,在从句里代替名词;when / where / why 是关系副词,在从句里表示时间、地点、原因。
一、when:修饰表示时间的先行词
先行词通常是 day, time, year, month, week, moment 等。
| 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 时间词 + when | I still remember the day when we first met. |
| 时间词 + on which | I still remember the day on which we first met. |
I still remember the day when we first met.我还记得我们第一次见面的那一天。
这里 the day 是先行词,when we first met 是定语从句,修饰 the day。
二、where:修饰表示地点的先行词
先行词通常是 place, school, house, room, city, park, village 等。
| 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 地点词 + where | This is the school where I studied for three years. |
| 地点词 + in which | This is the school in which I studied for three years. |
This is the school where I studied for three years.这就是我学习了三年的学校。
这里 the school 是先行词,where I studied for three years 是定语从句,修饰 the school。
三、why:修饰表示原因的先行词
why 通常只修饰 the reason。
| 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| the reason + why | That is the reason why he was late. |
| the reason + for which | That is the reason for which he was late. |
That is the reason why he was late.那就是他迟到的原因。
四、判断方法
先看先行词是什么,再看从句里缺什么成分:
- 先行词是时间,从句意思完整,用 when;
- 先行词是地点,从句意思完整,用 where;
- 先行词是 the reason,用 why;
- 如果从句里缺主语或宾语,通常还是用 who / which / that。
五、易错点对比(高频考点)
This is the house where I lived.这是我住过的房子。从句 I lived 意思完整,where 表示“在这所房子里”。
This is the house which/that I bought.这是我买的房子。从句 I bought ___ 缺宾语,所以用 which/that。
再比如:
I’ll never forget the day when we met.我永远不会忘记我们见面的那一天。
I’ll never forget the day which/that we spent together.我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的那一天。这里 spent 后面缺宾语,所以用 which/that,不用 when。
小练习
- I still remember the day ___ we first met.
- This is the park ___ I often play basketball.
- That is the reason ___ he didn’t come.
- The house ___ I lived in is very old.
- The house ___ I lived is very old.
参考答案:1.when 2.where 3.why 4.which / that 5.where
第4题用 which/that,因为 lived in 后面缺宾语;第5题用 where,因为从句 I lived 已经完整,where 表示“在这所房子里”。
















































































