初中英语难点|被动语态

各位家长、同学们早上好☀️

被动语态是初中英语语法里的一大重难点，单选、语法填空、句型转换、书面表达都会考，也是很多孩子容易混淆、反复丢分的模块。

很多同学分不清什么时候用被动、主动怎么变被动，特殊变形一考就错。今天把被动语态整套考点整理清楚，一次性学明白。

一、搞懂定义：主动语态 vs 被动语态

✅ 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者（谁去做这件事）

✅ 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者（主语被怎么样）

例句：

We eat eggs every day.（主动，we是吃这个动作的发出者）

Eggs are eaten by us every day.（被动，eggs是“被吃”）

二、考点①：主动变被动的转换规则

核心公式：be + 动词过去分词

转换口诀：宾变主，主变宾。

谓语变be done，时态不用变。

数格要注意，其余可照抄。

转换步骤：

1. 主动句的宾语，变成被动句的主语，宾格变主格

2. 主动句原来的主语，放到by后面，变成宾语，主格变宾格，by短语有时可以省略

3. 谓语动词改成被动结构 be + 过去分词

4. 注意新主语的单复数，匹配be动词

5. 句子剩下的其他成分，直接保留照抄

例句：I eat eggs. → Eggs are eaten by me.

三、考点②：被动语态的特殊变形（考试高频坑点）

1. 双宾语动词变被动：区分to / for

巧记：直物间人，物是直接宾语，人是间接宾语。

• 加to：give, bring, pass, lend, write, show

• 加for：buy, choose, get

例句：She gave me a book.

I was given a book by her.（间接宾语人作主语）

A book was given to me by her.（直接宾语物作主语，记得加to）

2. 感官动词、使役动词变被动，必须补to

感官动词：see, hear, watch, feel, notice

使役动词：make, let, have

主动结构：see/hear/make sb do sth

被动结构：sb + be + seen/heard/made + to do sth

例句：I often hear Alicia sing in her room.

Alicia is often heard to sing in her room.

3. 短语动词变被动，介词、副词不能丢

短语动词是一个整体，改成被动之后末尾的介词不能漏掉！

例句：You should take good care of your daughter.

Your daughter should be taken good care of.

4. 主动形式，表达被动含义（极易混淆）

① 感官系动词：look/sound/taste/smell/feel，主动表被动

The soup tastes delicious.

The song sounds wonderful.

② open, lock, write, read, sell, cut, drive；主语是物，主动表被动

The book sells well.

The car drives well.

③ be worth doing，doing本身带被动含义

The book is worth reading.

④ want / need / require + doing = want/need/require + to be done，表“需要被……”

My coat wants washing.

Your bike needs repairing.

5. it作形式主语的固定被动句型（写作加分句）

It’s said that… 据说……

It’s reported that… 据报道……

It’s known that… 众所周知……

It’s believed that… 人们相信……

It’s thought that… 大家认为……

四、考点③：什么时候用被动？什么时候不能用被动？

✅ 适合用被动语态三种场景：

1. 动作执行者不知道是谁

The coat is made of cotton.

2. 动作执行者不重要，不需要说出来

Many trees are planted every year.

3. 想要突出、强调动作的承受者

She was invited to the party.

❌ 不可以使用被动语态的情况：

1. 宾语是反身代词、相互代词

Alicia can dress herself.

They help each other learn English.

2. 宾语是不定式、动名词

I enjoy learning English.

Alicia hoped to try again.

3. 谓语是表状态的动词：have、own、hold、last等

We will have a meeting.

五、考点④：不同时态的被动结构汇总（必背表格）

被动语态核心框架：be + 过去分词，变化只改变be动词

1. 一般现在时：am / is / are done

2. 一般过去时：was / were done

3. 一般将来时：will / be going to be done

4. 现在进行时：am / is / are being done

5. 过去进行时：was / were being done

6. 现在完成时：have / has been done

7. 过去完成时：had been done

8. 过去将来时：would be done

9. 情态动词被动：情态动词 + be done

10. 不定式被动：to be done

例句参考：

Eggs are eaten by me every day.

The kite was made by Alicia.

A market will be built next year.

The room is being painted now.

This road was being built this time last year.

The work has been done by her.

She said the task would be finished soon.

There is a lot of homework to be done today.

写在最后✨

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Emma老师碎碎念：

被动语态难点多、陷阱多，核心就是抓住两点：

① 读懂句子逻辑，判断主语是“发出动作”还是“承受动作”

② 记牢不同时态下be动词的变化，以及几个特殊固定搭配。

语法填空、句型转换、作文里用好被动语态，都是稳稳的加分项。

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