第8 讲 被动语态2026 年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用）
（语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练）
内容提要
思维导图
表格呈现
对点练习
单题突破
综合提升
一、被动语态基础结构及分时态应用表
此表格梳理被动语态的核心结构及时态适配规则，明确不同时态下被动语态的构成逻辑，
是语法填空 “动词形式填写” 的基础考点，覆盖高频时态的被动表达。
结构类型
时态类别
具体结构
示例
核心结构
（be + 过去
分词）
一般现在时
am/is/are + done
Rice is grown in the
south of the country.
一般过去时
was/were + done
The door was repaired
by him yesterday.
现在进行时
am/is/are + being + done
The rooms are being
结构类型
时态类别
具体结构
示例
painted red by her.
过去进行时
was/were + being + done
Trees were being planted
here this time last year.
一般将来时
will be + done
A new library will be
built between the
buildings.
现在完成时
have/has been + done
I have been informed of
the date of the sports
meeting.
过去完成时
had been + done
The magazine had been
returned before I arrived.
补充结构
含情态动词
情态动词（can/must/
should）+ be + done
Your room must be
cleaned every day.
口语常用
（get + 过去
分词）
get + done
His phone got stolen on
the bus yesterday.
注意事项：
1. be 动词需结合主语单复数及时态调整，如主语单数 + 一般过去时用 was，主语复数 + 现
在进行时用 are，不可固定使用某一形式；
2. “get + 过去分词” 仅用于口语，强调动作结果，正式书面语优先用 “be + 过去分词”；
3. 过去分词形式固定，需重点记忆不规则动词的过去分词（如 eat-eaten、break-broken），避
免形式错误。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. Many kinds of fresh fruits ________ (sell) in this small supermarket every day.
2. The ancient castle ________ (build) by local people hundreds of years ago.
3. A new bridge ________ (be) built over the river now, and it will benefit nearby residents.
4. By the end of last term, all the textbooks ________ (return) to the school library by the students.
5. This difficult problem ________ (must solve) before the important meeting begins tomorrow.
二、被动语态典型句式及特殊转换表
此表格梳理被动语态的基础句式，以及双宾语、复合宾语、动词短语的被动转换规则，
解决 “特殊句子结构变被动” 的难点，适配日常语法应用及题型考查需求。
类型
规则说明
示例（主动→被动）
基础
句式
肯定句：主语 + be + 过去分词 (+by...)；
否定句：主语 + be+not + 过去分词；一
般疑问句：Be + 主语 + 过去分词？
肯定句：The door was closed by
him.；否定句：These books are not
kept in the library.；疑问句：Is this
plate made of silver?
双宾
语结
构
1. 间接宾语作主语：原间接宾语 + be +
过去分词 + 直接宾语 (+by...)；2. 直接
宾语作主语：原直接宾语 + be + 过去分
词 + to/for + 原间接宾语 (+by...)
主动：The teacher gave Tom a
book.→被动 1：Tom was given a
book by the teacher.；被动 2：A
book was given to Tom by the
teacher.
复合
宾语
结构
宾语作主语，宾补保留为 “主语补足
语”；感官 / 使役动词（see/make 等）
后 “不带 to 不定式” 需还原 to
主动：We often hear him play the
guitar.→被动：He is often heard to
play the guitar by us.
动词
短语
结构
动词短语的介词 / 副词不可省略，需随
动词一起变为被动
主动：We should get rid of such a
bad habit.→被动：Such a bad habit
should be got rid of.
注意事项：
1. 双宾语转换时，间接宾语前加 to（适用于 bring/give/send 等动词）、加 for（适用于
buy/cook/make 等动词），不可混淆；
2. 感官动词（see/hear/feel 等）和使役动词（make/let/have 等）的主动结构中，宾补 “不带
to”，变被动后必须还原 to，避免遗漏；
3. 动词短语（如 look forward to、take care of）变被动时，介词 / 副词不可省略，需保持短
语完整性。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. These old photos ________ (not take) by a professional photographer, but they look very
beautiful.
2. Our teacher often tells us interesting stories.（改为被动语态）
Interesting stories ________ often ________ to us by our teacher.
3. People heard the little girl sing a sweet song in the park yesterday.（改为被动语态）
The little girl ________ ________ to sing a sweet song in the park yesterday.
4. We should take good care of the disabled children in our community.（改为被动语态）
The disabled children in our community should ________ ________ good care of.
5. ________ this valuable watch ________ (make) of gold by skilled workers?
三、主动表被动的特殊场景表
此表格梳理 “主动形式表被动含义” 的高频场景，解决 “无需显性被动结构却含被动
意义” 的问题，覆盖日常语境中常见的特殊表达。
特殊场景类型
规则说明
示例
系动词 + 表语
感官类（look/smell/taste）、
变化类（get/go）、保持类
（keep/remain）系动词 + 表
语，主动表被动
The flowers smell sweet.；He
got excited when he heard the
good news.
动词 + 副词
write/read/sell/wash 等动词 +
副词（well/smoothly/easily）
，表主语属性，主动表被动
Organic vegetables sell well in
this market.；This fancy pen
writes smoothly.
measure/weigh 接短
语
表 “测量 / 称重起来”，后
接数量短语，主动表被动
The new carpet measures three by
four meters.；The heavy stone
weighs over 100 pounds.
want/need/require/
deserve+doing
主语为物，“doing” 表被
动，等同于 “to be done”
The machine requires checking
regularly. = The machine requires
to be checked regularly.
be worth doing/be to
blame
be worth doing 表 “值得
做”，be to blame 表 “该受
责备”，主动表被动
The old town is worth visiting.；
The poor management is to
blame for the failure.
be + 形容词 + 不定
式
表 “难以 / 易于做”，形容
词（hard/easy/pleasant）+ 不
定式，主动表被动
The door is hard to open in
winter.；The song is pleasant to
listen to.
注意事项：
1. 所有 “主动表被动” 场景的主语均为 “物”，主语为人时不可使用，如不可说 “He
sells well”，需说 “His books sell well”；
2. 仅特定动词（如 sell/wash/measure）可用于 “主动表被动”，不可随意扩展到其他动词；
3. “be worth doing” 中 doing 主动表被动，而 “be worthy of” 后需接 “being done”，二者不
可混淆（如 “The book is worth reading” 正确，“The book is worth being read” 错误）。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The flowers in the garden ________ (smell) very sweet and attract many bees every spring.
2. This kind of cloth ________ (wash) easily, so it is very popular among housewives.
3. The large wooden table ________ (measure) two meters long and one meter wide.
4. The old temple in the countryside ________ (be) worth visiting, so many tourists come here every
year.
5. The broken door ________ (need) repair as soon as possible to ensure safety.
四、易混易错点及特殊注意点表
此表格梳理 “无被动的动词 / 短语” 及 “特殊被动表达”，规避常见语法错误，覆
盖易混淆的被动语态应用场景。
类别
规则说明
示例
无被动的不及
物动词
happen/occur/exist 等不及物动
词，无被动语态，仅用主动
The unexpected event happened
during the morning meeting.；A
brilliant idea occurred to him.
无被动的不及
物动词短语
come out/consist of/belong to/date
from 等短语，无被动，仅用主
动
The team consists of five
experienced members.；The castle
dates back to the 12th century.
特殊被动表达
（under + 抽象
名词）
“under + 抽象名词”
（repair/construction/discussion
等）表 “正在被……”，含被
动意义
The old bridge is under repair and
will reopen next month.；The
subway line is under construction.
无宾语时用被
动的动词
dress/devote/apply 等动词，无宾
语时需用被动结构（be
dressed/be devoted 等）
She was dressed in a red coat when I
saw her.；All efforts must be
applied to solving this problem.
注意事项：
1. 不及物动词（如 happen/occur）无被动语态，不可说 “was happened/was occurred”，需用
主动形式；
2. 不及物动词短语（如 belong to/date from）作定语时，需用现在分词形式（如 “The
necklace belonging to her mother”），不可用过去分词；
3. “under + 抽象名词” 仅适用于特定抽象名词（如 repair/construction/discussion），不可随
意搭配其他名词（如不可说 “The problem is under solve”，需说 “The problem is under
discussion”）。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. A sudden heavy rain ________ (happen) when we were on our way to the picnic last Sunday.
2. The successful project ________ (consist) of three main parts, which are all completed by our
team.
3. The old hospital in our town ________ (be) under repair now, and it will be put into use next year.
4. The little girl ________ (dress) in a pink skirt when she attended her friend's birthday party.
5. The valuable necklace ________ (belong) to my grandmother for more than fifty years.
一、语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1．（2025 高三上·江苏·专题练习）Last Year, large amounts of money (spend) on
building the bridge. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．（2024 高三上·浙江·专题练习）Citizens of higher social classes (permit)to live
closer to the center of the circles. （所给词的适当形式填空）
3．（2022 高三上·浙江·专题练习）Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it
must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. (所给词的适当形
式填空)
4．（2022 高三上·浙江·专题练习）As they (give) an invitation to appear live on BBC,
the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．（2022 高三上·浙江·专题练习）There, they (welcome) to the Chinese style
compound where they were to live. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．（2021 高三上·浙江·专题练习）Many a large and big business (have) been built up
from small ones. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．（2021 高三上·浙江·专题练习）Only 60 percent of the work (be) done yesterday. (所
给词的适当形式填空)
8．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due
to the foggy weather. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）Family-friendly facilities (develop) in the following
years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）People (influence) to become technology addicted.
One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their
relationship to iPad and similar devices. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）An organization called Campus Cosmic Ray Observation
Collaboration (establish) in September 2020 to promote the idea. Zhang, head of the
organization, said they plan to build more stations on school campuses across China. (所给词的适当
形式填空)
12．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）It was a part of town, I realized, that I (warn) about, but
nothing happened to me, and as soon as we were near the bright lights of the main road, my “guide”
just (disappear). (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90
employees (hire) to guard its doors and check receipts. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）The females: never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs
that (deposit) in the warm sand. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to
promote the local economy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
Passage 1
（2023·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1 (teach) a lesson
or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-
known Aesop’s fables date to the 2 (six) century, B．C． Yet, the form of the
fable still has values today, 3 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone ( 口吻) are
seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 4
all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 5
(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a
serious message 6 (intend) for everyone.
7 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an
accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she
teaches that people must take responsibility 8 saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However,
Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9 (warn) about environmental destruction.
Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10
(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
Passage 2
（2023·全国乙卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums,
narrow hutong 1 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of
glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully
2
(build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 3 welcomes the
fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural
4
(wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 5 somehow
these two very different worlds make a good combination. 6 (visit) several
times over the last 10 years, I 7 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new,
and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage ( 遗产) while constantly growing. As a
photographer, I have spent the last two years 8 (record) everything I discovered.
The 9 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed
to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 10 (mean) there
is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50
years.
Passage 3
（2025·浙江·一模）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Amid the cool night breeze of Baiyin, a city 1 (locate)in Northwest
China’s Gansu province, the scent of herbs fills the air as crowds gather around cupping stations and
pulse-reading 2 (stand). These lively scenes unfold at the Traditional Chinese
Medicine(TCM)Night Market in Wansheng Park, 3 millennia-old wisdom
comes alive, becoming a trend for Generation Z.
“The heat leaves me drained and sleepy,” says 21-year-old Yu Huiyan as she extends her wrist
for a pulse diagnosis. The doctor diagnoses her weak pulse and fatigue, prescribing a blend of 4
(herb)medicine to boost energy and improve digestion. After positive results from previous TCM
treatments, Yu and her peers 5 (draw)to TCM in recent years.
At the market, acupuncture, cupping, massage and herbs are
6
(increasing)popular. Han Long, 7 TCM physician with a decade of experience
at Baiyin First People’s Hospital, 8 (stress)that classic texts like Huangdi
Neijing are key 9 understanding health. He hopes more young people will
embrace TCM 10 (enhance)their own health and that of their families.
The growing trend of TCM night markets is also helping a new generation of practitioners like
Han step into the spotlight, widening TCM’s reach beyond traditional circles and ensuring that its
legacy endures.
Passage 4
（2025·广东·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On March 30, a “taiji for All” event was held in Brussels, 1 five
Belgian Taiji associations took turns to take the stage, leading Belgian people closer to Taiji. After
that, the movie Taiji Zhang Sanfeng. 2 (star) Jet Li, Michelle Yeoh and other
stars, was shown on the spot.
Taiji, thought of 3 a treasure of traditional Chinese culture, enjoys
worldwide reputation for its philosophical ideas like 4 (harmonious) between
man and nature and co-existence of all things. In 2020, Taijquan, based on Taiji philosophy and
integrating traditional Chinese health-keeping and combat wisdom, 5 (list) in
the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Yu Jiajian, president of the European Taiji Culture Center, performed Yang-style Taiji Saber
(刀) on-site. He explained that this set of saber techniques 6 (be) gentle within
toughness. Though the movement speed was soft and stable, the movement strength was full of inner
power. Fei Shengchao, the Chinese Ambassador to Belgium, who attended
7
event, said that Taiji integrated knowledge and 8 (practice) from multiple
fields. Its core ideas had contributed Eastern wisdom to 9 (globe) ecological
civilization construction. He hoped the occasion would provide a platform for Belgian Taiji
enthusiasts 10 (display) and communicate, enhancing local people’s
understanding of Taiji culture.
Passage 5
（2025·湖南永州·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。
Moscow Zoo hosted a week-long celebration, starting on Sunday, to mark the second birthday
of Katyusha, the first giant panda born in Russia.
The zoo 1 (decorate) with traditional Chinese elements, including red
lanterns and festive displays. Celebrations featured lively dragon dances, tea ceremonies, 2
educational workshops on panda conservation. The parade created a carnival atmosphere, with
crowds cheering and laughing as the dragon wove through the pathways. Visitors enjoyed interactive
3 (activity), such as handmade craft sessions and thematic tours showcasing animals
native to China.
Katyusha, the center of attention, received a specially crafted birthday cake made of bamboo,
fruits, and ice carved into the number “2”, 4 (mark) the panda's age in a display
combining Chinese tradition with zoological enrichment. Dedicated zookeepers went to great lengths
5 (refresh) her and keep both her mind and body active and enriched Katyusha’s
daily life by adding edible ( 可食用的) decorations and hiding food in new toys. She enjoyed a
bamboo playhouse filled with treats, 6 she enthusiastically unpacked to find the
7 (hide) biscuits.
Moscow Zoo Director Svetlana Akulova shared updates on Katyusha’s growth, noting that
Katyusha is 8 unique example of natural upbringing and a key part of Sino-
Russian 9 (science) research on giant pandas. Zhang Wei, minister counselor at
China’s embassy in Russia, attended the event, saying: “Katyusha is not only a special 10
(represent) of cultural exchange but also a beloved star on social media in both countries.”
Passage 6
（2025·湖北·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sayram Lake is located in Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, 1
is a scenic area with ethnic customs, integrating 2 (origin) landscapes like
mountains, lakes, grasslands. It is believed that the warm and moist air from the Atlantic Ocean
travels a long distance, and 3 (block) by the Tianshan Mountains, thus
condensing into precipitation and forming the lake.
Surrounded by magnificent snow-capped mountains of the Tianshan range, it 4
(sit) at 2,071 meters altitude. The lake’s crystal-clear blue water is so clear that it is praised as one of
the lakes with the highest transparency in China. The whole terrain ( 地势) slopes 5
(gentle) from the snow mountains down to the lake, creating stunning natural scenery. Wild swans
are 6 highlight, especially from April to June. These elegant birds swim in the
clear water, forming a beautiful picture with the snow mountains in the background. The best time
7 (visit) is May to October. Summer brings 20°C weather with blooming
wildflowers, 8 autumn shows golden mountain views. Self-driving is popular
— visitors can drive the 95-kilometer lakeside road and stop to enjoy views.
Known as the “Pearl of Tianshan,” Sayram Lake charms visitors 9 its
pure beauty. For those who want to fully enjoy the beauty of this lake, local tour guides can offer
valuable 10 (guide). It’s perfect for escaping city hustle.
