第1 讲 定语从句 2026 年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通
用）
（语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练）
内容提要
思维导图
表格呈现
对点练习
单题突破
综合提升
一、定语从句基础框架表
此表格梳理定语从句的核心定义、三要素及分类，明确 “先行词 - 关系词 - 从句” 的
逻辑关系，是理解定语从句的基础框架。
类别
具体内容
定义
主从复合句中修饰限定名词 / 代词的从句，相当于形容词（又称形容词性从
句），需通过关系词连接先行词与从句。
三要
素
1. 先行词：被修饰的名词 / 代词，可指人、物、时间、地点或整个主句内容
2. 关系词：分关系代词（that/which/who 等）和关系副词（when/where/why），在
从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语
3. 从句：依附先行词，结构完整，功能是修饰先行词
分类
1. 限制性：无逗号，是先行词不可缺部分（如 “This is the school where I
studied”）
2. 非限制性：有逗号，仅补充说明（如 “He bought a house, whose roof was
类别
具体内容
red”）
3. 分割型：先行词与从句被其他成分隔开（如 “The days are gone when we relied
on manual labor”）
注意事项：
1. 逗号是区分限制 / 非限制性从句的关键，不可随意添加或省略；
2. 分割型从句需根据语义找准先行词，避免误判中间成分。
二、关系代词用法表
此表格梳理 6 类核心关系代词的适用场景、句法功能及关键规则，覆盖 “that 与
which 区别”“as 的特殊用法” 等高频考点。
关系
代词
先行
词
从句中
功能
核心用法规则
who
人
主语、宾
语
1. 可与 that 互换；
2. 引导 “Anyone who…”“Those who…” 句型；
3. 不可用于 “介词 + 关系代词” 和非限制性从句
whom
人
宾语（可
省）
1. 可与 that 互换或省略；
2. 仅用于 “介词 + whom” 结构；
3. 非限制性从句中不可省
which
物
主语、宾
语
1. 限制性从句可与 that 互换；
2. 引导非限制性从句（不可用 that）；
3. 用于 “介词 + which”，可指代主句内容
that
人 /
物
主语、宾
语、表语
1. 不可用于非限制性从句；
2. 优先用于：先行词为不定代词、被序数词 / 最高
级 /only 修饰、兼指人 + 物；
3. 作宾语可省
whose
人 /
物
定语（表
所属）
1. 修饰物时可换 “the + 名词 + of which”；
2. 非限制性从句中不可省
as
人 /
物
主语、宾
语
1. 用于 “such…as…”“so…as…”“the same…as…”；
2. 引导非限制性从句表 “正如”，可位于句首 / 中
/ 末
注意事项：
1. who 作主语、whom 作宾语，不可混淆；
2. 非限制性从句、“介词 + 关系代词” 结构中，只能用 which，不可用 that；
3. “the same…as…” 表 “同类”，“the same…that…” 表 “同一事物”。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The teacher often tells us stories about the heroes __________ devoted their lives to our country.
2. This is the old library __________ we borrowed many interesting books when we were in primary
school.
3. My classmate showed me the new mobile phone __________ screen is made of a special kind of
glass.
4. The famous writer will attend the meeting __________ is held to celebrate the 100th anniversary
of the magazine.
5. I still remember the day __________ my parents took me to the science museum for the first time.
三、关系副词用法表
此表格梳理 3 类关系副词的适用场景、句法功能及特殊规则，明确 “抽象先行词修
饰”“time 的特殊用法” 等难点。
关系
副词
先行词类型
从句中功
能
核心用法规则
when
时间名词（day/
age 等）
时间状语
1. 可换 “介词 + which”；
2. “time” 表 “次数” 用 that，表 “时
间” 用 when；
3. 可修饰抽象时间名词（occasion 等）
where
地点名词
（school/case
等）
地点状语
1. 可换 “介词 + which”；
2. 可修饰抽象地点名词（case/situation
等）；
3. 先行词在从句中作主语 / 宾语时，用
that/which
why
原因名词
（reason）
原因状语
1. 仅用于 “The reason why…” 句型；
2. reason 在从句中作宾语时，用
that/which；
3. 可换 “for which”
注意事项：
1. 先行词是时间 / 地点名词，但若在从句中作主语 / 宾语，需用关系代词，不可用关系副
词；
2. why 仅修饰 reason，不可用于其他原因类名词。
【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The reason __________ he was late for the important meeting was that his car broke down on the
way.
2. We finally arrived at the small town __________ my grandparents had lived for more than fifty
years.
3. I can’t forget the year __________ our school won the first prize in the national debate
competition.
4. The situation __________ we need to make a quick decision requires us to stay calm and focused.
5. The time __________ we spend together on weekends is always full of laughter and joy.
四、重难点突破表
此表格聚焦 “介词 + 关系代词” 和 “主谓一致” 两大重难点，梳理核心规则与应用
场景。
重难点
类型
核心规则
关键示例方向
介词 +
关系代
词
1. 先行词指人用 whom，指物用 which，不
可用 that/who；
2. 介词选择：依先行词搭配、从句谓语搭
配、语境逻辑
1. 先行词搭配：the reason
for which；
2. 谓语搭配：learn from
whom；
3. 语境：without which
主谓一
致
1. 先行词作主语，从句谓语单复数与先行词
一致；
2. “one of…+ 名词复数” 后从句用复数；
“the only one of…+ 名词复数” 后从句用
单数
1. Anyone who breaks rules is
punished；
2. He is one of the students
who have read the book；
3. She is the only one who
knows English
注意事项：
1. “介词 + 关系代词” 中，介词不可后置到从句末尾（口语除外）；
2. 区分 “one of…” 与 “the only one of…” 的谓语单复数差异，避免误判。
“介词 + 关系代词” 结构用法【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的
正确形式填空
1. The professor __________ we learned a lot about modern literature will give a lecture next month.
2. This is the company __________ my father has worked for over twenty years.
3. The ancient building __________ many precious cultural relics were stolen last year is now under
repair.
4. The student __________ the teacher praised in class has made great progress in his studies.
5. The magazine __________ we often get useful information about science and technology is very
popular among students.
主谓一致用法【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. He is one of the students who __________ (win) the national scholarship this year.
2. She is the only one of the girls who __________ (be) able to speak three foreign languages
fluently.
3. The books in this bookstore that __________ (relate) to environmental protection sell very well
recently.
4. The team which __________ (consist) of five experienced doctors will be sent to the disaster area
tomorrow.
5. The old trees in our community that __________ (plant) thirty years ago still provide shade for
residents.
五、易混易错点表
此表格梳理 3 类高频易混易错点，明确区分方法与避坑技巧。
易混类型
区分方法
避坑示例
关系代词
vs 副词
从句缺主语 / 宾语用代
词，不缺成分（需作状
语）用副词
1. 缺宾语：The days that we spent（用
that）；
2. 作状语：The days when we traveled（用
when）
介词 + 关
系代词误
用
先行词指人必用 whom，
指物必用 which，不可省
错误：The artist to who she donated；
正确：The artist to whom she donated
as vs that
“such…as…”“so…as…”
引导定语从句（缺成
分）；“such…
that…”“so…that…” 引导
结果状语从句（不缺成
分）
1. 缺成分：Such a good book as I like（用
as）；
2. 不缺成分：Such a good book that I like it
（用 that）
注意事项：
1. 分析从句成分是区分代词与副词的核心，不可仅凭先行词类型判断；
2. “as” 引导定语从句需搭配特定句型，不可随意替换为 “that”。
一、语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词
1．（2025·江苏南京·一模）The marathon runner maintained his steady pace, conserving his
energy, and didn’t make his final push until he reached the last mile of the race, the finish
line was within sight.
2．（25-26 高三上·湖北黄冈·阶段练习）It was not just a hike but a journey through time,
the past was brought to life the stories of the villagers.
3．（25-26 高三上·四川广元·阶段练习）She eventually reached a point she had to
make a choice between her career and her family.
4．（25-26 高三上·上海·阶段练习） has been described above, it’s a general
rule that solids expand as the temperature increases and contract when they are cooled.
5．（24-25 高三上·江苏盐城·阶段练习）This indicates that there is a certain way
quantity is represented in their brain.
6．（23-24 高三上·江苏南通·期末）As we explore the world in greater depth, we may reach a
point it is impossible to run an experimental scenario in the real world due to physical,
ethical or financial limitations.
7．（25-26 高三上·河南信阳·阶段练习）Zhang has made several trips to Spain since receiving his
first Spanish student in 2006, during time he has shared his knowledge with thousands of
students of all ages.
8．（24-25 高三上·广东佛山·阶段练习）Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has
become a scientist work is internationally renowned.
9．（23-24 高三下·广东广州·开学考试）“It’s called a longevity tree in Qiandongnan,
implication of hope matches China’s boosting space industry.” she said.
10．（22-23 高三上·广东梅州·阶段练习）Therefore, performing the lion dance became a custom
people could pray for good luck, safety, and happiness.
11．（2023 高三上·全国·专题练习）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-
when the government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer
recommendations farmers--and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
12．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）Many other buildings around the world have also been certified
by LEED, of which serves a step in the right direction towards a cleaner future.
13．（2024 高三·北京·专题练习）Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago,
thousands were attending a water conference.
14．（2024 高三·北京·专题练习）In this case, cool evening air is a slightly different temperature
than the solar cell in the panel. That becomes energy, is transformed into electricity.
15．（2024 高三·北京·专题练习）The famous National Stadium or “Bird’s Nest” is the
centerpiece of the park, the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2022 Beijing Winter
Olympics were hosted.
Passage 1
（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend
1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2
(treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool,
starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in
3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-
member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties
there.
What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out
loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be
well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They
all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their
journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state,
Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the
9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint
Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the
honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
Passage 2
（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the
countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family,
1
bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 2
(center) heating doesn’t exist.
Nothing in my life before prepared me 3 this one-and to be sure, the first time
I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you
can adapt 4 learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found 5
(I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me
at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6 (be) one of
them. Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying
me the chance 7 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet
“sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially
pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky
9 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt
10
(leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
Passage 3
（2025·山东·一模）阅读下列文章，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Following the success of “Ne Zha 2”, another Chinese animated film “Nobody” has gone
viral. Its box office earnings 1 (total)776 million yuan since its debut on
August 2, smashing the record for Chinese-made 2D animated films. On Douban, 2
film review platform known for its stringent(严格的)ratings, the animation has scored an 3
(impress) 8.6, edging out “Ne Zha 2” by 0.1 points.
“Both films are excellent. The former has grand special effects, while the latter excels in
storytelling,” a movie-goer 4 surname is Cao said.
5 (base)on the classic “Journey to the West”, the film doesn’t focus on
the Monkey King. Instead, it spotlights monsters that appear in the novel. A group of four low-level
yaoguais decide to journey west by dressing up 6 Monk Tang’s team. The
journey sees them save villagers from evil yaoguais and be remembered as
7
(hero).
“The film puts contemporary themes onto minor yaoguais,
8
(ultimate)crafting a new story,” said producer Chen Liaoyu. Many viewers love
9
(it)sarcastic(讽刺的)take on work culture and focus on minor characters. “The cinema is filled with
laughs of kids and adults’ tears,” one Douban comment reads. “As kids, we dreamed of being the
Monkey King, only 10 (realize)we’re ordinary yaoguais as adults.”
Professor Liang said Chinese creators reinvent traditional stories while honoring original
values.
Passage 4
（2025·贵州·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Since the start of the summer vacation, many places 1 (hold) cultural
events such as “Meet the Intangible Cultural Heritage” and ICH classes. Special items, guqin and
Kunqu Opera 2 (include), enriched the holiday.
At the China Traditional Culture Museum, Xi’an drum music,
3
originated in the Sui and Tang dynasties, drew visitors with its graceful and ancient melodies. After
the performance, teachers led the children in hands-on classes with traditional musical instruments,
giving them an insight 4 ancient Chinese music.
In Hunan province, the Hunan Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center ran an
interactive program, 5 (cover) more than 10 traditional folk crafts, such as
paper-cutting and dough figurine making (面人制作). During a pottery (陶艺) class, children tried
this ancient craft under the 6 (guide) of skilled masters.
At the Zhejiang Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum, young participants
7
(attentive) learned the indigo blue printing and dyeing (靛蓝印花与染色) technique from inheritors.
Because each knot was tied in a different way, each piece of work became
8
unique artwork. The museum organized 90 such exhibitions, demonstrations 9
hands-on activities.
“Such traditional culture activities give young visitors a chance
10
(experience) the charm of Chinese traditions through immersive participation,” said one of the
inheritors.
Passage 5
（2025·广西·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We set off from Pai Village to Motuo, arguably the remotest county in China.
The mountain path was stony and uneven with lots of sudden turns, testing our 1
(strong) and willpower at every step. Before dusk, we arrived at Lage, a reception station 2
(consist) of a few wooden houses. I could see the thick forest just steps away from our house, 3
a white waterfall hung in the middle of the forest. At midnight, it was
4
freezing cold that I was awakened several times. Over the next few days, we travelled through the
jungle, 5 (follow) a cliff-cut path and climbed endless hillsides. Though 6
(push) to our physical and mental limits, we finally reached our destination.
Motuo, located in the southern foothills of the Himalayas, is positioned deep within the
Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, the world’s 7 (deep) canyon. Water vapor
( 水蒸气), formed from the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, floated around the high peaks.
Surrounded by clouds and mist, we found 8 (we) in a dreamlike fairyland of
towering mountains and deep valleys. Numerous birds sang in the forest while sunshine poured
through the mist and woods. Large white lilies blossomed in vast fields.
I used to wonder why Motuo keeps drawing groups of returning tourists. When we gazed 9
silence at the landscape, I 10 (gradual) got the answer.
Passage 6
（2025·广东·二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确
形式。
To mark the 60th anniversary (周年) of the Xizang Autonomous Region, a grand drone light
show was held beside Tangra Yumco Lake at an altitude of over 4,600 meters, which 1
(know) for its breathtaking scenery and extreme weather.
Organized by local authorities, the event 2 (feature) hundreds of
drones to form fascinating light images of wild animals, ancient carvings, and patterns from
traditional clothing. These designs were 3 (impressive) crafted to demonstrate
regional beauty and the spirit of modern innovation.
4 (equip) with high-altitude propellers (推进器) and cold-resistant
batteries, the drones flew smoothly through strong winds, low pressure, and
5
(freeze) temperatures that would normally make such a performance nearly possible. With all safety
checks finished, the final practice started under the watch of experienced workers, adjusting tools and
checking lights to 6 (sure) the show ran well.
Wang, who led the team, said the performance proved that technology could support cultural
storytelling even 7 the most challenging environments. He further explained
that such creative efforts pave the way for future development of tourism in remote areas, 8
new forms of cultural expression can bring lasting value.
It was more than a light display — it offered locals 9 deep sense of
pride and drew national attention. This event went far beyond entertainment, connecting tradition
with the future and bringing fresh energy into rural 10 (grow).
