专题4.1 定语从句
（单句语法填空100 题 + 原创语法填空 1 篇）
I.单句语法填空：用单词的适当形式完成句子
1.（2025·山东滨州·二模）The compound,
name means “to open the network of the heart”, has long
been used (as) a traditional Chinese treatment for patients suffering heart attacks or strokes.
【解析】whose 考查定语从句。句意：这种化合物的名字意思是“打开心脏的脉络”，长期以来一直被
用作治疗心脏病发作或中风患者的传统中药。“_____ name means ‘to open the network of the heart’”是非限
制性定语从句，修饰先行词The compound，关系词将其代入从句中作定语，指“化合物的”，用表示所属
关系的关系代词whose 引导该从句。故填whose。
2.（2025·江苏盐城·模拟预测）
one business owner put it, “The pursuit of beauty will surpass any
barrier.”
【解析】As 考查定语从句。句意：正如一位企业主所说，“对美的追求将超越任何障碍。”空处引导非
限制性定语从句，关系词指代后面整个句子的内容，需用关系代词as 引导，意为“正如，正像”，位于句
首，首字母需大写。故填As。
3.（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）There’s also open acknowledgment from the likes of Shaun Rein,
has
written numerous books that promotes China’s culture on a global scale.
【解析】who 考查定语从句。句意：像肖恩·里恩这样的人也公开表示了认同，他著有多部在全球范围内
推广中国文化的著作。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Shaun Rein，在从句作主语，指人。故填who。
4.（2025·全国·模拟预测）A relevant expert pointed (out) that there are more than 2,800 developed or
developing ancient towns in our country, 32 is definitely the highest number globally.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：相关专家指出，我国已开发或正在开发的古镇有2800 多个，这绝
对是全球最多的。“_____ is definitely the highest number globally”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词
2,800，代替先行词在从句作主语，用关系代词which 引导从句。故填which。
5.（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）Meanwhile, electric vehicle makers like BYD and NIO are entering markets
________ local brands once occupied through price competitiveness and technological breakthroughs.
【解析】that/which 考查定语从句。句意：与此同时，比亚迪和蔚来等电动汽车制造商正通过价格竞争力
和技术突破进入本土品牌曾经占据的市场。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是markets，关系词在从句中
作宾语，应用关系代词that/which 引导，故填that 或which。
6. （2025·浙江·二模）Hengshui Style, also known as “Hengshui Ti”, is a standardized English handwriting
method popularized by students from Hengshui High School
strictness and academic excellence are well
known in China.
【解析】whose 考查定语从句。句意：衡水体是一种标准化的英语书写方法，由衡水中学的学生推广，
该校以严格和学术卓越而闻名。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Hengshui High School，且在从句中作定
语，表示“学校的”，应用关系代词whose 引导。故填whose。
7.（2025·江苏苏州·三模）Three years later, he moved to Peru,
he dedicated himself to religious and
educational work.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：三年后，他搬到秘鲁，在那里致力于宗教和教育事业。空处引导
非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Peru，且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where 引导。故填where。
8.（2025·湖北·模拟预测）In response to sorrow and loss, people sometimes turn to uncontrolled items collecting,
in ________ sense, hoarding disorder can be (a) form of self-neglect, and people experiencing it deserve
support and sympathy.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：作为对悲伤和失去的回应，人们有时会无节制地收集物品，从这
种意义上说，囤积症可以是一种自我忽视的形式，经历囤积症的人值得支持和同情。这里考查非限制性定
语从句，先行词是前面整个句子people sometimes turn to uncontrolled items collecting，用关系代词which 替
代了词组in this sense 中的this。in which sense，表示“从这种意义上说”，其在定语从句中表示对先行词
在特定语义或逻辑层面的修饰，通常用于抽象概念的限定或说明。故填which。
9.（24-25 高三下·江苏南京·阶段练习）The release of DeepSeek-R1 rocked the global tech community with its
cost-efficient performance matched leading models.
【解析】that/which 考查定语从句。句意：DeepSeek-R1 的发布以其与领先型号相匹配的经济高效的性能
震撼了全球科技界。定语从句修饰先行词performance，在从句作主语，指物，故填that/which。
10.（2025·江苏南通·三模）There have been long-held arguments over
landscape painting in China
was the first one to bring this art form to life, but many art critics do believe in The Nymph of the Luo River to be
the first of its kind.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：关于中国山水画哪个是第一个赋予这种艺术形式生命的争论一直
存在，但许多艺术评论家确实相信《洛神赋图》是此类作品中的第一幅。此处引导宾语从句，表示“哪幅
画”，应用which 引导宾语从句，故填which。
11.（2025·浙江绍兴·二模）It captured the essence of a time
poetry, art, and philosophy boomed.
【解析】when 考查定语从句。句意：它捕捉到了一个诗歌、艺术和哲学蓬勃发展的时代的精髓。分析空
格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a time，在从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when 引导从句。故填
when。
12. （2025· 重庆· 模拟预测）In 2004, Beijing witnessed the First International Conference on Geoparks,
________ 17 European geoparks and eight Chinese geoparks joined the GGN.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：2004 年，在北京召开了第一届世界地质公园大会，17 个欧洲地质
公园和8 个中国地质公园加入了世界地质公园网络。此处为关系副词where 引导的非限制性定语从句，先
行词为First International Conference on Geoparks，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
13.（2025·江苏盐城·三模）People have always had a dream of exploring outer space and with the help of
scientists, their dream,
was once considered to be impossible, is turning into reality.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：人们一直有一个探索外层空间的梦想，在科学家的帮助下，他们
的梦想，曾经被认为是不可能的，正在变成现实。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，
先行词their dream 是物，因此用which 引导定语从句，故填which。
14.（24-25 高三上·浙江杭州·阶段练习）Released on December 2, the list spotlights linguistic trends ________
reflect societal changes.
【解析】which/that 考查定语从句。句意：该名单于12 月2 日发布，重点关注反映社会变化的语言趋势。
“
reflect societal changes”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词linguistic trends，指物，关系词将其代入从句
中作主语，应用关系代词which/that 引导从句。故填which/that。
15.（2025·江苏·二模）It was first discovered in the wooden structure of the Hemudu site
the
ancestors lived more than 7,000 years ago.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：它最初是在7000 多年前祖先居住的河姆渡遗址的木结构中发现的。
这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“the Hemudu site”，在定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where
引导。故填where。
16.（24-25 高三下·河南·阶段练习）Since launching DeepSeek’s R1 model,
created a global hit,
founder Liang, 40, has become a national hero in China.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：自推出引发全球轰动的DeepSeek-R1 模型后，40 岁的创始人梁文
峰已成为中国科技界的标杆人物。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词DeepSeek’s R1 model 进行限定
说明，从句中缺少主语，所以应该用关系代词which 代替先行词在从句中作主语。故填which。
17.（2025·河北·模拟预测）The Shenzhou XVII astronauts,
are the sixth crew to inhabit the
Tiangong space station, arrived at the enormous flying outpost on Oct. 26, 2023 to take over from their peers ( 同
行) in the Shenzhou XVI mission.
【解析】who 考查定语从句。句意：10 月26 日，神舟17 号的宇航员接替神舟16 号的任务，他们是第6
批居住在天宫空间站的宇航员，抵达这个巨大的飞行前哨。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，
先行词是The Shenzhou XVII astronauts，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who 引导，故填
who。
18.（24-25 高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）Since 2015, Li has started posting short videos on Sina Weibo,
________ she, often dressed in graceful traditional garments, rises at sunrise, rests at sunset, plants seeds, harvests
flowers, ___ (cooks) Chinese dishes and crafts bamboo furniture.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：自2015 年以来，李开始在新浪微博上发布短视频，在视频中，她
经常穿着优雅的传统服装，日出而起，日落而眠，播种，收割，烹饪中国菜和制作竹家具。空处引导非限
制性定语从句，先行词是short videos，关系词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where 引导，故填
where。
19.（2025·安徽·一模）This trend is partly due to the 72-and 144-hour visa-free transit (过境) policy, ________
allows travelers from 54 countries to explore China for up to six days without needing a visa if they have a valid
travel document (and) a connecting ticket for departure within 72 or 144 hours.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：这一趋势的部分原因是72 小时和144 小时过境免签政策，该政策
允许来自54 个国家的游客在不需要签证的情况下在中国停留最多6 天，前提是他们持有有效的旅行证件和
72 小时或144 小时内出发的联程机票。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the 72-and 144-hour
visa-free transit policy，且在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。
20.（2025·福建福州·模拟预测）The true magic of shadow play lies not just in its making, (but) in its live
performance, a team of puppeteers (木偶操纵师), narrators, and musicians work together in harmony.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：皮影戏的真正魅力不仅在于其制作过程，更在于其现场表演环节。
在这一环节中，一群木偶操纵者、讲述者和乐手们相互协作，共同呈现精彩画面。非限制性定语从句修饰
先行词performance，在从句作地点状语，故填where。
21.（24-25 高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试）It’s very important for us British to be in Bath in this afternoon,
________ is the best and most elegant afternoon tea destination,”said Dianne Francombe, CEO of the Bristol and
West of England China Bureau.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：今天下午,我们英国人来到巴斯,这是最重要、最优雅的下午茶目的
地。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Bath，指物，应填which，作定语从句的主语，故填which。
22.（24-25 高三下·重庆·阶段练习）This unexpected popularity of it has created an atmosphere
the
integration of traditional culture and modern popular culture becomes a talking point, (breathing) new life into
the museum and fostering a more imaginative mindset among people.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：这个陶俑的意外走红营造了一种氛围，使得传统文化与现代流行
文化的融合成为了人们谈论的焦点，为博物馆注入了新的活力，也激发了人们更加富有想象力的思维方式。
空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词atmosphere 是抽象地点，因此用关系副
词where 引导定语从句，故填where。
23.（24-25 高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）The tea ceremony can be a form of meditation and self-reflection,
________ helps people to calm their minds and find inner peace.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：茶道可以是一种冥想和自我反思的形式，它有助于人们平静心灵，
找到内心的平静。“____ helps people to calm their minds and find inner peace”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先
行词a form of meditation and self-reflection，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，应用关系代词which 引导从句。
故填which。
24.（24-25 高三上·福建莆田·期末）In densely populated cities, parks and community gardens serve as oases
________ people can escape the hustle and bustle of daily life.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：在人口密集的城市里，公园和社区花园就像绿洲，人们可以在这
里逃离日常生活的喧嚣。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为oases，指地点，关系词替代先行词在从
句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。
25.（24-25 高三上·浙江杭州·开学考试）One striking part of the exhibition is the hand axes,
are
fundamental tools that were created and used by early humans.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：展览中最引人注目的部分是手斧，这是早期人类创造和使用的基
本工具。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词hand axes 是物，因此空格处用关系
代词which，故填which。
26.（24-25 高三下·河南·阶段练习）This is not uncommon at the nursing home in Shanghai,
over 20
silver-haired “students” regularly gather to learn how to use the popular AI model, DeepSeek.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：这在上海的养老院并不罕见，那里有20 多名满头银发的“学生”
定期聚集在一起学习如何使用流行的人工智能模型DeepSeek。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the
nursing home，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where 引导定语从句。故填where。
27.（2025 高三上·广东·学业考试）The listing of the Spring Festival as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of
Humanity is an acknowledgment of not only (its) Chinese roots but also the ideas it carries
connect all humanity.
【解析】that/which 考查定语从句。句意：春节被列为人类非物质文化遗产，不仅是对其中国根源的认可，
也是对其所承载的联结全人类的理念的认可。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the ideas，指物，关系
词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that 或which 引导。故填that/which。
28.（2025·福建福州·一模）Chinese characters are the only pictorial written form in modern times, many of
________ have stories behind them.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：汉字是现代唯一的一种图画文字，其中许多汉字背后都有故事。
空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chinese characters，指物，关系词在从句中作介词of 的宾语，所以
空处需用关系代词which 引导定语从句。故填which。
29.（2025·山东济南·一模）Hotpot, a typical Chinese dish, has taken centre stage in London, described as an
“adventure”
locals could enjoy genuine Sichuan cuisine and unfamiliar cultural experiences.
【解析】where 考查关系副词。句意：火锅，一道典型的中国菜，在伦敦占据了中心舞台，被描述为当
地人可以享受正宗四川菜和陌生文化体验的“冒险”。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词adventure，且在
定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where 引导该从句。故填where。
30.（2025·浙江宁波·二模）
Craig Clunas noted, “The blue that fascinates the world is never ___
(merely) a color — it is a language.”
【解析】As 考查定语从句。句意：正如Craig Clunas 所指出的，“令世界着迷的蓝色从来都不只是一种
颜色——它是一种语言。”空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词为后面一整句话，因此
需要用关系代词as 引导从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填As。
31.（2025·福建福州·模拟预测）Mazu’s Xiamen airline flight was one of many (planned) trips for the
goddess this year, as the statues keep a busy travel schedule of “peace patrols,”
devotees invite the
goddess to tour their surroundings, praying for peace.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：在“和平巡安”中，信徒邀请妈祖巡游，祈求平安。这里考查非
限制性定语从句，先行词为peace patrols，表抽象地点，从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where 引导。故填
where。
32.（2025·福建福州·三模）This year, Xishuangbanna has introduced helicopter rides for aerial views of the water
battles, and invited internet influencers (to share) their experiences, through
more people can
experience the joy of water.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：今年，西双版纳推出了直升机观光项目，游客可以乘坐直升机俯
瞰水战的壮观场面，并且还邀请了网络红人来分享他们的经历，通过这些活动，更多的人能够体验到水带
来的乐趣。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词experiences，介词through 后用关系代词which，作宾语。故填
which。
33.（2025·山东·模拟预测）Wang Wei,
works combine AI-generated patterns with hand-painted
characters, recently collaborated with MIT (to create) calligraphy-inspired coding fonts (字体).
【解析】whose 考查定语从句。句意：王伟的作品将人工智能生成的图案与手绘字符相结合，最近他与
麻省理工学院合作创作了受书法启发的编码字体。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Wang Wei，指人，
关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰works，所以使用关系代词whose 引导。故填whose。
34.（2025·福建泉州·模拟预测）The exhibition serves as an (illustration) of the successful integration of
environmental conservation into the fabric of regional development, demonstrating a path
urban
advancement and biodiversity conservation walk hand in hand.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：此次展览展示了环境保护与区域发展成功融合的范例，揭示了一
条城市发展与生物多样性保护携手并进的道路。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词path，先行词指物，
在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where 引导从句。故填where。
35.（2024-2025 学年福建厦门高三下）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal
clothing,
she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to
weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：Tanya 的目光不仅局限于特殊场合的礼服，她还计划将不那么正式
的服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给需要长时间租赁的旅行者，比如那些要去国外参加婚礼的人。空处引导非
限制性定语从句，先行词是“less formal clothing”，指物，且在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词which 引导。
故填which。
36.（2025·山东泰安·模拟预测）Some online users have described Dazhuang as “ugly-cute”, though Zhang
Chunxue, the animal breeder
cares for the capuchins, disagrees.
【解析】who 考查定语从句。句意：一些网友称 “大壮” 为 “丑萌”，不过负责照顾这些卷尾猴的饲
养员张春雪并不认同。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为the animal breeder，指人，在定
语从句中作主语，用关系代词who 引导从句。故填who。
37.（2025·山东·一模）Spring is not merely a season of blossoms and sunshine — it’s a time
China’s
economy bursts into life with new vitality.
【解析】when 考查定语从句。句意：春天不仅仅是一个花香四溢、阳光明媚的季节——它是中国经济焕
发新活力的时候。空处引导定语从句，先行词time，在从句中作时间状语，因此用关系副词when 引导定
语从句。故填when。
38.（24-25 高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）She hopes that young people will carry on the “Mogao Spirit” and build
a better Dunhuang Academy,
she spent her lifetime.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：她希望年轻一代可以发扬“莫高精神”，开创一个更好的敦煌研
究院，这是她一生辛勤耕耘的地方。本句为定语从句，定语从句中缺少地点状语，应用where 引导限制性
定语从句指代先行词Dunhuang Academy。故填where。
39. （2025·山东·二模）The track Bridges links the erhu’s sorrowful tones with electronic beats, ________
symbolizes intergenerational and cross-cultural combination.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：曲目Bridges 将二胡的忧伤音色与电子节拍交织，象征着跨代际和
跨文化的融合。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The track Bridges，关系词在从句中作主语，应用
关系代词which 引导。故填which。
40.（2025·浙江杭州·二模）A relative
brags (吹嘘) about enjoying food out of season is later
revealed to have a dangerously violent temper.
【解析】who/that 考查定语从句引导词。句意：一个吹嘘自己喜欢吃反季节食物的亲戚后来被发现有危
险的暴戾脾气。“____ brags about enjoying food out of season”为之前“A relative”的定语从句，从句缺少主
语且指人，需用关系代词 who 或that 引导。故填who/that。
41.（2024-2025 学年·山东济南·高三上）In fact, in the Kalahari Desert,
watermelon is called
“tsamma”, it is one of the main sources of water during the dry, hot season.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：事实上，在喀拉哈里沙漠，西瓜被称为“tsamma”，它是干旱炎热
季节的主要水源之一。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Kalahari Desert，关系
词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在喀拉哈里沙漠”，应使用关系副词where 引导该从句。
故填where。
42.（2025·山东·模拟预测）The performance YangBOT,
has been praised by fans nationwide, is a
perfect mix of China’s tech progress (and) cultural pride.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：这场名为“秧BOT”的表演受到了全国粉丝的赞誉，是中国科技进
步与文化自豪感的完美结合。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“ The performance YangBOT”，指物，
且在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which 引导。故填which。
43.（24-25 高三上·湖北武汉·阶段练习）Lu Fuquan, their team leader and instructor from Peking University, has
been a cycling enthusiast for many years,
is also fond of Beijing’s historical and cultural heritage.
【解析】who 考查定语从句。句意：他们的领队兼指导员卢福全多年来一直是自行车爱好者，他也喜欢
北京的历史文化遗产。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处为关系词，因先行词为卢福全，
指人，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who 引导。故填who。
44. （24-25 高三上·山东青岛·阶段练习）When we look towards a future
environmental
consciousness and sustainable practices become increasingly vital, rooftop farming stands as a testament to our
ability to cultivate more than just food — we cultivate hope for a (greener) and more sustainable world.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：当我们展望一个未来，其中环境意识和可持续实践变得越来越重
要时，屋顶农场见证了我们不仅能够培育食物，更能培育对更绿色、更可持续世界的希望。空处为定语从
句的关系词；先行词为“a future”，在定语从句中担当状语，用关系副词where 引导。故填where。
45.（24-25 高三上·浙江·阶段练习）The China Pavilion appeared at the Palace of Festivals and Conferences for
MIPCOM Cannes in France from Oct 21 to 24, (marking) the 21st time it has participated in the autumn TV
festival,
offers a series of events themed around “Focus on China, Stories Without Limits”.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：10 月21 日至24 日，中国馆亮相法国戛纳MIPCOM 影视节目展的
节庆会议中心，这是其第21 次参加秋季电视节，本届电视节以“聚焦中国，故事无界”为主题举办了一系
列活动。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the autumn TV festival，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应
用关系代词which 引导。故填which。
46.（2025·浙江金华·三模）During her doctoral studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Wang
studied under renowned mathematician Larry Guth, (a) leading authority in geometric measure theory,
________ guidance greatly shaped her academic development.
【解析】whose 考查定语从句。句意：在麻省理工学院攻读博士学位期间，王虹师从著名数学家拉里・
古斯，古斯是几何测度论领域的权威，他的指导极大地塑造了王虹的学术发展。空处引导非限制性定语从
句，先行词为Larry Guth，指人，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰名词guidance，应用关系代词whose 引导从
句。故填whose。
47.（2025·湖北宜昌·模拟预测）On March 30, a “Taiji for All” event was held in Brussels,
five
Belgian Taiji associations took turns to take the stage, leading Belgian people closer to Taiji.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：3 月30 日，一场“全民太极”活动在布鲁塞尔举行，五个比利时
太极协会轮流上台，让比利时人更接近太极。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Brussels，关系词代
替先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where 引导。故填where。
48.（24-25 高三下·山东聊城·阶段练习）Decorative art,
can also be called craft, is designed not
only to be visually (appealing) but also to serve a function.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：装饰艺术，也叫装饰工艺，其设计不仅要在视觉上产生吸引力，
同时也要发挥一定功能。设空前后逗号隔开的部分是非限定性定语从句，先行词是 decorative art，从句缺
主语，所以用关系代词which 引导。故填 which。
49.（2025·湖北黄冈·模拟预测）The 700 caves house 45,000 square meters of murals
vivid colors
remain astonishingly bright.
【解析】whose 考查定语从句。句意：这 700 个洞穴内藏有 45000 平方米的壁画，其鲜艳的色彩依然
闪耀着令人惊叹的夺目光芒。定语从句修饰先行词murals，关系词替代先行词在从句作vivid colors 的定语，
用关系代词whose。故填whose。
50.（2025·湖北襄阳·模拟预测）At the age of 19, Su Shi passed the civil service examination,
was a
gateway to a political career.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：19 岁时，苏轼通过了科举考试，这是通往仕途的大门。此处为关
系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为the civil service examination，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代
词which 引导。故填which。
51.（2025·湖北武汉·二模）Scott Ian Rainen, a foreigner from the United States,
works at China
Foreign Languages Publishing Administration, says he was happy to read the new books.
【解析】who 考查定语从句。句意：来自美国的外国人斯科特·伊恩·雷宁在中国外文出版发行管理局工作，
他说他很高兴能读到这些新书。空处引导非限制定语从句，先行词为Scott Ian Rainen，指人，且关系词代
替先行词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who 引导。故填who。
52. （2025· 湖北黄石· 一模）Designed to tolerate the extreme lunar environment
severe
temperatures, lack of the atmosphere and lasting radiation (exposure) bring significant challenges, the suit
features multiple layers.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：这款航天服旨在耐受极端的月球环境，在这种环境中，严峻的温
度、缺乏大气层和持续的辐射暴露带来了重大挑战，它具有多层结构。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词
是the extreme lunar environment，指物，关系词代替先行词从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where 引导。
故填where。
53.（2025·湖北黄冈·三模） (At) the last moment of the challenging operation, when the craft was several
meters above the lunar surface, its main engine stopped, the craft activated a buffer system (and) it touched
down smoothly on the lunar surface, becoming the second spacecraft (to arrive) on the lunar far side after
China’s Chang’e 4,
achieved this action in January 2019.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：在这次具有挑战性的任务的最后时刻，当探测器距离月球表面还
有数米时，其主发动机停止工作，在探测器平稳着陆月球表面的过程中，激活了缓冲系统。该探测器成为
继中国嫦娥四号于2019 年1 月实现这一壮举后，第二艘抵达月球背面的航天器。此处为关系词引导的非
限制性定语从句，先行词为Chang’e 4，指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which 引导从句。
故填which。
54.（2025·湖北襄阳·模拟预测）The play follows Lyubov, a woman played by Huppert,
returns to
her family estate after living in Paris for years.
【解析】who 考查定语从句。句意：这部剧讲述的是Lyubov 的故事，她由Huppert 饰演，她离开巴黎多
年后回到了自己的家族庄园。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Lyubov，在从句作主语，指人，故填who。
55.（2025·湖北襄阳·三模）The glaze,
color and texture are unique to Ru porcelain, is its most
remarkable feature.
【解析】whose 考查定语从句。句意：釉的颜色和质地是汝瓷所特有的，是其最显著的特点。空格处引
导的是非限制性定语从句，The glaze 和color and texture 之间是所属关系，因此用表所属的关系代词whose
引导定语从句，故填whose。
56.（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）As time passed, the (original) dance developed, taking in various artistic
forms and skills, including opera, acrobatics and martial arts, and eventually turned into the type of Yangko
________ is seen today.
【解析】that/which 考查定语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，原始舞蹈不断演变，融入各种艺术形式和技
巧，最终发展成今天所见的类型的秧歌。指代先行词Yangko 且在从句中作主语，应用that/which 引导定语
从句。故填that/which。
57.（2025·广东·二模）Lyon’s connection to silk dates back to ancient times,
the city became a key
gateway for Chinese silk entering Europe.
【解析】when 考查定语从句。句意：里昂与丝绸的联系可以追溯到古代，当时这座城市成为中国丝绸进
入欧洲的重要门户。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是ancient times，关系词代替先行词在从句中作
时间状语，应用关系副词when 引导。故填when。
58.（2025·广东揭阳·模拟预测）This is considered as a significant situation
a selection of
masterpieces from the Parisian museum is exhibited in China.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：这被认为是巴黎博物馆精选的杰作在中国展出的一个重大情况。
空格处引导限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词situation 是抽象地点，因此用关系副词
where 引导定语从句，故填where。
59. （2025· 广东广州· 三模）In appreciation, Chishui farmers gifted hundreds of chickens to the university,
________ students turned into “AI chicken soup” for the university community, allowing everyone to enjoy the
fruits of this technological achievement.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：为了表示感谢，赤水农民向大学赠送了数百只鸡，学生们将这些
鸡做成了“AI 鸡汤”供大学社区享用，让每个人都能享受到这项技术成果带来的好处。空处引导非限制性
定语从句，先行词为hundreds of chickens，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作turned 的宾语，应用关系
代词which 引导。故填which。
60.（2025·江苏南通·二模）The era
Chinese people looked up to Hollywood cartoons like Kung Fu
Panda is over.
【解析】when 考查关系副词。句意：中国人仰视好莱坞动画如《功夫熊猫》的时代已经结束。空格处引
导定语从句，修饰先行词The era，且在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when 引导该从句。故填
when。
61.（2025·山东济宁·一模）The Taklimakan Desert, infamous as the “Sea of Death”, has now been fully encircled
by the longest sand-blocking green ecological barrier,
length reaches an impressive 3, 046 kilometers,
___ (marking) the completion of over 40 years of efforts to contain the desert expansion within a safety zone.
【解析】whose 考查定语从句。句意：塔克拉玛干沙漠，因其“死亡之海”而声名狼藉，如今已被最长
的防沙绿色生态屏障完全环绕，其长度达到了令人惊叹的3046 公里，标志着40 多年来将沙漠扩张控制在
安全区域内的努力得以完成。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为the longest sand-
blocking green ecological barrier，在从句中作定语，所以应用关系代词whose 引导。故填whose。
62.（2025·山东潍坊·三模）This competition,
had never before awarded a Chinese team in its 30-
year history, finally witnessed this historic breakthrough.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：这项在其30 年历史上从未授予过中国团队的比赛，终于见证了这
一历史性突破。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词This competition，指物，关系词代替先行词在从
句中作主语，故用关系代词which 引导。故填which。
63.（2025·广西南宁·二模）He also established a culture society, organized conferences, and encouraged scholars
to monitor the bridges, which led to a situation
more and more people have realized the importance of
protecting these bridges and participated in the activities (to safeguard) them.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：他还成立了文化学会，组织会议，鼓励学者对桥梁进行监测，使
越来越多的人意识到保护桥梁的重要性，并参与到保护桥梁的活动中来。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词
situation 进行限定说明，先行词a situation 相当于一个抽象的地点，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词
where 引导从句。故填where。
64.（2025·广东深圳·三模）Though they may not fit modern tastes, they are wonderful, just the
Qianlong Emperor said: “heavenly made”.
【解析】as 考查定语从句。句意：虽然它们可能不符合现代人的口味，但它们是美妙的，正如乾隆皇帝
所说：“天工”。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是后面的主句内容，关系词在从句中作宾语，表示
“正如”，使用关系代词as 引导，故填as。
65.（24-25 高三下·广东深圳·阶段练习）In the past, Chinese animation (was seen) as products for a
younger audience, with technical standards and narrative abilities struggled to match with Hollywood or
Japanese animation.
【解析】which/that 考查定语从句。句意：在过去，中国动画被视为面向年轻观众的产品，其技术标准和
叙事能力难以与好莱坞或日本动画相媲美。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词technical standards and
narrative abilities。先行词指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which 或that 引导该从句。故填
which/that。
66.（2025·广东广州·三模）The chance came last year,
Zhao Pengfei, vice-dean of the electrical and
mechanical engineering department, started organizing a team for a skills competition.
【解析】when 考查定语从句。句意：机会出现在去年，当时机电工程系副主任赵鹏飞开始组织一支参加
技能竞赛的队伍。空处引导定语从句，先行词为last year，在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when
引导。故填when。
67.（2025 届广东中山高三上）Experts agreed (to promote) the protection of cave temples in light of global
climate change, develop new materials, build early warning systems, and create a global database of historical
images,
they hope would help future generations appreciate their beauty.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：专家们同意在全球气候变化的背景下促进石窟寺的保护，开发新
材料，建立早期预警系统，创建一个全球历史图像数据库，他们希望这些能帮助后代欣赏它们的美。分析
句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对前面提到的各种行动作补充说明，这些行动指物，在从句中作
主语，因此应用关系代词which 作引导词。故填which。
68. （2025· 山东· 二模）The exhibition demonstrated the successful (integration) of environmental
conservation into the fabric of regional development, illustrating a path urban advancement and
biodiversity conservation walk hand in hand.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：这次展览展示了环境保护成功融入区域发展架构的成果，说明了
城市发展与生物多样性保护携手共进的道路。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是path，表示地点，关系
词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where 引导。故填where。
69.（2024-2025 学年广东广州高三2 月）All this is thanks to the great effort
has been put into
digitally preserving the Yongle Palace murals.
【解析】that/which 考查定语从句。句意：所有这一切都得益于对永乐宫壁画的数字化保护所做的巨大努
力。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是effort，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that 或
which 引导。故填that 或which。
70.（2025·河北石家庄·二模）His journey began at a local arts and crafts factory,
he noticed a gap
between traditional Chinese lacquerware and modern global standards.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：他的旅途始于当地工艺美术厂，在那里他注意到中国传统漆器与
现代国际标准之间的差距。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词factory，且关系词在从句中作状语，
应用where 引导定语从句。故填where。
71.（24-25 高三上·广东江门·期末）The Tang Suit is modern Chinese clothing
integrates Western
tailoring concepts and Chinese cultural elements.
【解析】which/that 考查定语从句。句意：唐装是融合了西方裁剪理念和中国文化元素的现代中国服装。
先行词为modern Chinese clothing ，关系词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词为which 或者that。故
填which/that。
72.（2025·湖南·三模）At the 2025 event (the 42nd edition), more than 600 kite professionals from 51 countries
and regions sent kites of different shapes into the sky,
mirrored their timeless creativity.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：在2025 年的活动(第42 届)中，来自51 个国家和地区的600 多名风
筝专业人士将不同形状的风筝送上天空，这反映了他们永恒的创造力。“ _____ mirrored their timeless
creativity”是非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which 引导从句。
故填which。
73.（24-25 高三下·广东揭阳·阶段练习）In 1995, Chinese and Norwegian scholars went on a field trip to
Gaoxing Village, one of the 12 villages
members of this Miao branch live.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：1995 年，中国和挪威的学者到高兴村进行了实地考察，这个苗族
分支的成员居住在 12 个村庄之一。关系词替代先行词“villages”在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词
“where”引导定语从句，故填where。
74.（2025·湖南长沙·三模）One early sign of commercial traction came in March,
Chinese robotics
firm UBTech Robotics — a provider of robotics to automaker Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor — said Dongfeng would
roll out 20 (industrial) humanoid robots, with full deployment (部署) expected in the first half of 2025.
【解析】when 考查定语从句。句意；商业影响力的初步迹象出现在 3 月份，当时中国机器人公司优必
选机器人（为汽车制造商东风柳州汽车提供机器人服务）表示，东风将推出 20 台工业型人形机器人，预
计将在 2025 年上半年全面投入使用。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文March，在从句中作时
间状语，用when 引导。故填when。
75.（2025·山东济南·三模）It was no wonder that those parents
children faced safety risks on these
daily trips remained constantly worried.
【解析】whose 考查定语从句。句意：难怪那些孩子每天在这些路上面临安全风险的家长们一直忧心忡
忡。先行词为 parents，空格后children 与parents 为所属关系，关系词为whose 。故填whose。
76.（2025·河北·二模）No trip to Dunhuang is complete without visiting the Dunhuang Museum,
it’s possible to put all of the city’s historical sites into proper historical context.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：不去敦煌博物馆，你的敦煌之旅就不完整，在那里，你可以把这
座城市的所有历史遗迹都置于适当的历史背景中。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行
词the Dunhuang Museum 作补充说明，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在敦煌”，应
使用关系副词where 引导该从句。故填where。
77.（2025·湖南长沙·二模）In addition to his love for abstract art, Pininski also had another reason ________
accounted for his motivation to build such a unique subway entrance
【解析】that/which 考查定语从句。句意：除了对抽象艺术的热爱之外，Pininski 建造这样一个独特的地
铁入口还有另一个原因。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为reason，指物，用关系代词which 或 that 在
定语从句中作主语。故填that/which。
78.（2025·湖南长沙·二模）The event will see two G1robots face each other for the title of the “Iron Fist King”,
________ people can see live streamed next month.
【解析】which 考查非限定性定语从句。句意：在这场赛事中，两个G1 机器人将为“铁拳之王”的头衔
一决高下，人们可以在下个月观看其直播。“____ people can see live streamed next month”为非限定性定语
从句，修饰先行词The event，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，用关系代词which 引导从句。故填which。
79.（2025·湖南长沙·一模）It’s a bold move for a field rooted in concepts like “qi”, or vital energy, and the
balance of yin and yang— ideas
have long resisted easy explanation through modern scientific
frameworks.
【解析】that/which 考查定语从句。句意：对于一个根植于诸如“气”（即生命能量）以及阴阳平衡等概
念的领域来说，这是一次大胆的尝试。而这些概念长期以来一直难以用现代科学框架来简单解释。定语从
句修饰先行词ideas，指物，且从句中缺少主语。故填that/which。
80.（2025·湖南长沙·三模）Here, a city unfolds before your very eyes
you listen to the dialogue
between culture and wisdom, interpret the cultural thoughts condensed (浓缩) in a historical context, experience
ancient feelings with a (poetic) flavor, and picture the dream in your minds.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：在这里，一座城市在你眼前展开，在这里你可以聆听文化与智慧
之间的对话，解读历史背景下浓缩的文化思想，用诗意的情怀体验古老的情感，并在脑海中勾勒出梦想。
本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a city，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where
引导。故填where。
81.（2025·湖南长沙·模拟预测）Over the past six years, the 40-year-old Shanghai resident,
aims to
add fun to tea drinking and revive the ancient dian cha ritual so that more people can appreciate its charm, ___
(has made) nearly 200 patterns based on ancient paintings with tea and spoons.
【解析】who 考查定语从句。句意：在过去的六年里，这位40 岁的上海居民一直致力于为饮茶增添乐趣
并复兴古老的点茶仪式，让更多人欣赏其魅力，他已经用茶和勺子在古代绘画的基础上制作了近200 个图
案。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“the 40-year-old Shanghai resident”，指人，在从句中作主语，应
用关系代词who 引导。故填who。
82.（2025·湖南长沙·模拟预测）In these law-themed coffee shops, customers can browse legal books while
savoring a cup of coffee with names
reflect professional legal concepts.
【解析】that/which 考查定语从句。句意：在这些以法律为主题的咖啡馆里，顾客可以一边浏览法律书籍，
一边品尝一杯咖啡，咖啡的名字反映了专业的法律概念。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是names，关
系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指物，可用关系代词that 或which 引导。故填that/which。
83.（2025·湖南长沙·模拟预测）However, this complex preparation process
sourcing rare ingredients
alone takes days once made it a rarity, even in local restaurants.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：然而，这种复杂的准备过程——仅采购稀有食材就需要数天时间
——曾让它成为一种罕见的菜品，即使在当地餐馆也是如此。此处为关系词引导的限制性定语从句，先行
词为process 为抽象地点名词，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语（指在准备过程中），用关系副词
where 引导定语从句。故填where。
84.（2025·湖南长沙·模拟预测）The push for a lifelong learning culture in China echoes the goals set at the 20th
National Congress of the Communist Party of China,
called for the building of a society and country
of learning in which lifelong learning is pursued by all.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：在中国，推动终身学习文化与中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会
提出的目标相呼应，即建设全民终身学习的学习型社会和学习型国家。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰
“the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China”，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词
which，故填which。
85.（2025·北京·三模）Unlike surfing,
you stand on the board, bodyboarding has you lying flat.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：与冲浪不同（在冲浪时你需站在冲浪板上）相比，趴板冲浪则要
求你平躺在板上。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词surfing，在从句作地点状语，故填where。
86.（2025·四川泸州·三模）Rooted in the paradigm (范式) of ideal capital planning in traditional Chinese culture,
the Central Axis in Beijing,
governs the overall layout of the old city area of the Chinese capital,
shows an ensemble (整体) of palaces, public buildings and gardens.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：北京中轴线源于中国传统文化中理想都城的范式规划，它统领着
中国首都老城区的整体布局，展现了宫殿、公共建筑和园林的整体风貌。“____ governs the overall layout
of the old city area of the Chinese capital”是定语从句，先行词“the Central Axis in Beijing”，在从句中作主语，
指物，关系代词为which。故填which。
87.（2024-2025 学年北京市第二中学高三上）Later, hand fans became far more than just something ________
could cool you down.
【解析】that 考查定语从句关系词。句意：后来，扇子变得远不止是能让你凉爽的东西。分析句子结构，
该句子是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词something，在从句中作主语，因为something 是不定代词，所以需
要that 引导。故答案为that。
88.（2025·北京·三模）The term “Wen Fang” refers to a reading room or a study
intellectuals in
ancient times could enjoy a peaceful moment alone to gain cultural accumulations and to meditate.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：“文房”指的是古代文人可以独自享受宁静时刻以积累文化和冥
想的书房。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是a reading room or a study，关系词替代先行词在从句中作
地点状语，应用关系副词where 引导。故填where。
89.（2025·北京·三模）This reduces “food miles,”
refers to the distance food travels from producer
to retailer.
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：这减少了“食品里程”，该概念指的是食物从生产者到零售商之
间的运输距离。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词food miles，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。
90.（24-25 高三下·北京·阶段练习）Today’s social justice values respond to this reality, calling on us to criticize
oppressive and harmful figures and to gain power for those
have been powerless.
【解析】who 考查关系代词。句意：今天的正义价值观呼吁我们批评压迫性和有害的人物，并为那些一
直无权力的人争取权力。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“those”，且在从句中作主语，故用关系代词
who。故填who。
91.（24-25 高三下·北京·阶段练习）Sometimes the most important decision
we make can be to take
some more time before making a choice.
【解析】that 考查定语从句。句意：有时候，我们做的最重要的决定是在做出选择之前多花点时间。分
析句子可知， 设空处引导定语从句，先行词是“decision”，且先行词被最高级“the most important” 修饰，
在定语从句中，当先行词被最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用 that，所以此处应填that。故填that。
92.（2025 届北京市第二中学高三下） (Taking) a bamboo raft and floating down the stream, visitors can
enjoy the natural scenery of wonderful mountains and rivers, meet mysterious hanging coffins along the banks of
the river, ___ (and) admire the over 2000-year-old Han Dynasty ancient ruins and the academy
Zhuxi lectured for 10 years.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：乘坐竹筏顺流而下，游客可以欣赏到山川美景，还可以邂逅河岸
边神秘的吊棺，欣赏有2000 多年历史的汉代古遗址和朱熹做了10 年讲师的学院。分析句子结构可知，
“___ Zhuxi lectured for 10 years”是定语从句，从句缺状语，先行词是“the academy”，故用关系副词
where 引导。故填where。
93.（24-25 高三下·北京·开学考试）“If you took the plastic tray that held the phone and flipped it upside down,
it looked just like a camera,” says Erin, an arts-and-design talent
tooled with that box until she made a
working 35mm pinhole camera out of it.
【解析】who/that 考查定语从句。句意：艾琳是一位艺术与设计方面的人才，她对那个盒子进行加工，
直到用它制作出了一个能正常使用的35 毫米针孔相机。此处是一个定语从句，先行词是an arts-and-design
talent，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who 或that 引导定语从句，故填who/that。
94.（24-25 高三下·北京·开学考试）Some people think it’s OK for you to pass the gift along to someone
________ will appreciate it, but others say that’s rude.
【解析】who 考查定语从句。句意：有些人认为你把礼物传递给一个会喜欢的人是可以的，但其他人认
为这是不礼貌的。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词someone 是人，因此空格处
用关系代词who，故填who。
95.（24-25 高三下·北京·阶段练习）Millions of these neural pathways begin developing from the time ________
you are growing into a baby.
【解析】when 考查定语从句。句意：数以百万计的神经通路从你成长为婴儿的时候就开始发育。空处引
导限制性定语从句，代替先行词time 在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when 引导。故填when。
96.（24-25 高三下·北京·开学考试）But the Internet is full of conflicting health warnings with no regulation to
remove the wrong advice, some of
is extremely dangerous!
【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：但互联网上充满了相互矛盾的健康警告，没有任何规定来删除错
误的建议，其中一些是极其危险的！分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是
“conflicting health warnings”，指物，在介词“of”后作宾语，所以用关系代词“which”引导。故填which。
97.（24-25 高三下·北京·阶段练习）It just so happened that a popular website linked to Dave’s blog about the
experience, and soon Operation Photo Rescue,
we all know, had emails from hundreds of volunteers,
including photographers and restoration experts, eager to help.
【解析】as 考查定语从句。句意：碰巧有一个很受欢迎的网站链接到戴夫关于这次经历的博客，很快，
我们都知道，“照片救援行动”收到了数百名志愿者的电子邮件，其中包括摄影师和修复专家，他们渴望
提供帮助。空处表示“正如”，指代and 后面的句子内容，用as 引导非限制性定语从句。故填as。
98.（24-25 高三下·北京·阶段练习）When life feels difficult, humor can be a coping mechanism ________
relieves stress and offers the breathing room to keep going, scientists say.
【解析】that/which 考查定语从句。句意：科学家称，当生活感到困难时，幽默可以作为一种应对机制，
缓解压力，为继续前进提供喘息的空间。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a coping mechanism，在从句中作主
语，用which 或者that 引导。故填which 或者that。
99.（24-25 高三上·北京·阶段练习）By embracing a smart campus strategy, institutions can help ensure they stay
sustainable and (competitive), enhancing the experience for students, faculty, administrators, and researchers,
as well as for the surrounding community
they coexist.
【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：通过采用智能校园战略，机构可以帮助确保它们保持可持续和竞
争力，提高学生、教师、管理人员和研究人员以及它们共存的周围社区的体验。空处引导限制性定语从句，
先行词为community，作从句的地点状语，用关系副词where 引导从句。故填where。
100.（24-25 高三上·北京·期中）It is associated with happiness and courage. These are qualities
can
be shared with other forms of life.
【解析】that/which 考查定语从句。句意：这些品质可以与其他形式的生命共享。分析句子，设空处引导
的是限制性定语从句，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，先行词qualities，其意为“品质”为物，应用
关系代词which 或者that。故填that/which。
II. 语篇填空（原创）
Climate Crisis Accelerates Toward Critical Thresholds
Current emissions, of
1
90% come from fossil fuels and deforestation, now exceed 53 billion tons of
CO₂ yearly. The 1.5°C warming limit,
2
is set under the Paris Agreement, will be destroyed by 2027—a
point
3
irreversible ( 无可挽回的) damage increases in extent. Since 2015, temperatures rose
1.24°C, almost entirely due to human activity, including aviation emissions
4
rebounded post-pandemic.
The Earth’s heat absorption, now doubling since the 1980s, interrupts every climate system. Oceans,
5
91% of excess heat is stored, hit record warmth in 2024, accelerating sea-level rise to 26 mm (2019–2024) — far
beyond the 1.8 mm/year pace observed last century. Ice loss and permafrost thaw (永久冻土融化),
6
are
driven by locked-in warming, will persist for decades, threatening communities
7
rely on stable coastlines.
These shifts, why scientists demand urgent cuts, stem from delays in
8
policymakers underestimated
feedback loops. The coming decade,
9
adaptation becomes more expensive, demands action for
10
there is no substitute.
【答案与解析】1. which 2. which 3. when 4. that / which 5. where 6. which 7. who 8.
which 9. when 10. which
【导语】本文围绕全球气候危机的加速展开，指出当前碳排放量（每年超530 亿吨）主要来自化石燃料和
森林砍伐（90%）。地球吸热速度自1980 年代翻倍，影响所有气候系统。冰川融化和冻土解冻将持续数十
年，威胁依赖稳定海岸线的社区。未来十年，适应成本将更高，而人类已无替代方案。
1. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：当前碳排放中，90%来自化石燃料和森林砍伐。“介词+关系代
词”结构，补充说明碳排放来源。
2. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这一目标由《巴黎协定》设定。which 指代前文“1.5℃温控目
标”，提供附加信息，对其前内容补充说明。
3. when 考查关系副词when 引导定语从句。句意：2027 年将是一个临界点，此后损害加速。when 修饰
表时间的名词point，表示“届时不可逆损害加剧”。
4. that/which 考查限制性定语从句。句意：航空业排放量在疫情后已反弹。that/which 指代aviation
emissions，同时在从句中充当主语，指物，省略则句意不完整。
5. where 考查关系副词where 引导定语从句。句意：海洋储存了全球91%的过剩热量。where 指代其前的
地点名词oceans，说明热量储存位置，从句中主谓完整，应该用关系副词引导。
6. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：冰川融化和冻土解冻由已锁定的变暖驱动。which 指代前文ice
loss and thaw，解释原因，同时在句中做主语，用关系代词。
7. who 考查关系代词who 指代人。句意：威胁依赖稳定海岸线的社区。who 修饰communities，此处指代
社会生活的人们，强调人类依赖关系。
8. which 考查“介词+关系代词”结构。句意：政策制定者在延迟期间低估了气候反馈循环。in which 指
代delays，说明延迟的原因。定语从句中，指物时，介词后只能用which 引导。
9. when 考查关系副词when 表时间。句意：未来十年，适应成本将更高。when 修饰decade，强调时间节
点，从句中主谓完整，应该用关系副词引导。
10. which 考查“介词+关系代词”表必要性。句意：人类已无替代方案，必须立即行动。for which 指代
action，暗示行动的唯一性。定语从句中，指物时，介词后只能用which 引导。
