专题 01 定语从句十大考点（解析版）
讲义目录
定语从句高考考点细目表 P 1
考点清单一、关系代词that和which典型用法对比 P 2
考点清单二、关系代词whose, who, whom典型用法归纳 P 4
考点清单三、关系副词where典型用法归纳 P 5
考点清单四、关系副词when典型用法归纳 P 5
考点清单五、关系副词why 典型用法归纳 P 6
考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语 P 6
考点清单七、关系代词as典型用法归纳 P 7
考点清单八、定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构 P 8
考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致典型用法 P 9
考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查 P 9
分类训练（一）高考真题 P1 0
分类训练（二）模拟试题 P1 1
分类训练（三）单句改错 P1 2
分类训练（四）句式升级（书面表达） P1 2
分类训练（五）语篇运用（外刊原创） P1 3
（一）二十四节气之夏至来历及风俗 P1 3
（二）英雄猫及时施救心脏病主人 P1 5
近年高考真题定语从句考点细目表
年份 卷别 语法填空 短文改错
全国甲卷 as, where what-which
2023
全国乙卷 that/which that-whose
新高考I卷 that
全国甲卷 who
2022
全国乙卷 what-which
2021
新高考II卷 that/which
全国I卷 where
2020
全国II卷 what-which
全国III卷 whose what-that考点清单一、关系代词that和which典型用法对比
要点精讲1：
1. that用作关系代词，先行词指人或物；在句中作主语、宾语，有时作表语；
2. that用作关系副词，作方式状语（相当于in which，可以省略），先行词是the way。
I don’t like the way that/in which you speak to your mum. 我不喜欢你对妈妈说话的方式。（the way
在定语从句充当方式状语）
3. 只用that不用which的场合：
只用关系代词that场合 典型示例
先行词既为人又为物时 Do you know the things and persons that they’re talking about? 你知道他们正
在谈论的人和事吗?
先行词被序数词或形容词 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
最高级修饰时 The only thing that matters is to find our way home.唯一要紧的事情是找到我
们回家的路。
先 行 词 是 everything, I have read all the books (that) you gave me.你给我的所有书我都已经读过
nothing, anything, all, 了。
much, little等不定代词时 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 最后，这
个小偷将他所盗窃的所有东西都交予了警方。
先行词被 only, very, little, This is the very book that I was looking for.这正是我当时在寻找的书。
all等限定词修饰时 This train is the first train that will go to Suzhou.这是去苏州的第一趟火车。
【即时训练】用关系代词that或which填空。
1. I don’t like the way _______you speak to her.
2. He is the only man __________ I can find for the work.
3. He is no longer the man _________he was five years ago.
4. The first English novel __________ I read was Gone With Wind.
5. This is one of the most exciting football games _______ I have ever seen.
6. John told his parents about the cities and the people _________ he had visited.
7.（2014全国I卷）Maybe you leave a habit ________is driving your family crazy.
8.（2015全国I卷）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops
and dark waters of the Li River _________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
9. (2018全国II卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started
a soil-testing program ___ ___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers---and 2011, fertilizer use
dropped by 7.7 million tons.
10.（2020 全国 III 卷）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with
appreciation. （短文改错）
【答案与解析】
1. that。the way在定语从句作方式状语，故填that。注意此时that可以省略。故答案是that。
2. that。限定词only是关键。故答案是that。
3. that。本句中that在定语从句充当表语。关系代词which不能指人。故答案是that。
4. that。先行词被序数词修饰只能用that不用which。故答案是to reduce。
5. that。先行词被形容词最高级修饰只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
6. that。先行词既为人又为物时，只能用that不用which。故答案是that。9. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，在定语从句作主语。故答案是that/which。
7. that/which。考查定语从句。本句是一个定语从句，先行词是 a habit，定语从句中使用关系代
词that/which指代先行词，在句做主语，不能省略。故填which/that。
8. that/which。解析：考查定语从句。先行词为Li River，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词。句意：漓江被
许多艺术家所绘画。故用that/which。
10. what改成that。这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the food，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可
用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所
以what改成that。
要点精讲2：
1. which用作关系代词，先行词只能指物；在句中作主语、宾语；
2. 只用which不用that的场合：
只用关系代词which场合 典型示例
引导非限制性定语从句，先 This is the English book, which I bought yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的
行词是整个主句或主句一部 那本英语书。
分，标志为前边的逗号。 He passed the driving test, which made him very excited. 他通过了驾
照考试,这使他很兴奋。
用于“介词+关系代词”结 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 过去我居住的
构，如in which, both of which 房子已变成了一家鞋店。
等。标志为介词。 You've made great progress in English, of which I’m greatly proud. 你
在英语方面取得了巨大的进步,为此我感到很骄傲。
【即时训练】用关系代词that或which填空。
11. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day ________ he spent with his students.
12. (2017全国III卷) But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she
has brains as well as beauty.
13. (2018北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
14. (2020江苏卷) Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free.
15.(2020全国II卷) Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
【答案与解析】
11. that/which。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是 day，从句缺少宾语，应用关系代词which/that引
导；关系代词作宾语可省略。故填that/which。
12. who。逗号表明这是非限制性定语从句；先行词指人，作主语，不能用 that或which。故答案是
who。
13. which。which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，前边有逗号为标志。故答案是which。
14. which。choose from表示“从……选择”；先行词是Many lessons，故用which。故答案是which。
15. what改为which。逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your letter，关系词在从句中作主
语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which。
考点清单二、关系代词whose, who, whom典型用法归纳
要点精讲1：关系代词whose的用法1. whose用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指人或物；
2. 有时用于“介词+whose+名词”结构；
3. whose+名词=the +名词+of whom/which=of whom/which+ the +名词。
Once there was a wise king whose name was Alfred. 从前有一个叫阿尔弗雷德的英国国王。（先行词是
king，指人）
The girl lives in the house, whose windows face south. 那个女孩住在这所房子里，房子的窗户是朝南开的。
（先行词是house, 指物）
Look at the building, whose roof=the roof of which=of which the roof is white. 看那栋楼,楼顶的颜色是白的。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
16. The building _________ doors are white is an office building.
17. He lives in the room, ________ window faces the south/ _____ ________ the window faces the south.
18. This is Mr Green, with ___________ help I’ve made great progress in English.
19. (2017 江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve
worldwide starvation.
20. (2018 天津卷) Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in
Australia.
【答案与解析】
16. whose。句意：门是白色的那座建筑是一座办公楼。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从
句，先行词是the building，指物，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”。故填
whose。
17. whose; of which。whose window=the window of which。故答案是whose; of which。
18. with whose。With one’s help表示“在……帮助下”。故答案是with whose。
19. whose。whose用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指人。故答案是whose。
20. whose。whose用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指物。故答案是whose。
考点精讲2：关系代词who 和whom的用法
1. who用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。
2. whom用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意whom作宾语，可
以省略。
Anybody who breaks the laws will be punished. 任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚。
The girl whom I saw just now is Susan. 我刚才见到的那个人是苏珊。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
21.（2016 全国 III 卷）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, __________lived from
roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
21. who。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指
人，故填who。
22.（2018浙江卷）Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once
they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
22. who/that。句中包含定语从句，先行词是 westerners 指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代
词who/that引导，故填who/that。
考点清单三、关系副词where典型用法归纳
要点精讲：1.where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。注意定语从句可能是主谓结构或主谓宾结构。
2.先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如school, museum, centre。
3.还可以是抽象名词，如point, case, situation, stage, race, position, job等（热点，须牢记）。
This is the city where I grew up. 这就是我长大的城市。（定语从句是主谓结构，不缺少宾语）
The shop where I bought this shirt is not far from here.我买这件衬衫的商店离这里不远。（定语从句是
主谓宾结构，不缺少宾语）
This is the house where he lived last year. 这是他去年住过的房子。（先行词house是具体地点）
We have reached the point where a change is needed. 我们已经到了需要改变的地步。（先行词point是抽象
地点）
I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。（先行词 job
是抽象地点）
It's put me in a position where I can't afford to take a job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。（先行词
position是抽象地点）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
23. We’re just trying to reach a point _________ both sides will sit down together and talk.
24. Remember that there is still one point _______ we must make clear tomorrow.
25. Today, we’ll discuss some cases _____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
26. He wrote a letter __________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
27. (2018江苏) Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
【答案与解析】
23. where。先行词是抽象名词point，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语。故答案是where。
24. that/which。定语从句含有make…clear结构，因此从句缺少宾语。故答案是that/which。
25. where。先行词是抽象名词cases，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语。故答案是where。
26. where。先行词是名词letter，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语，相当于in which。故答案是
where。
27. where。先行词an area在定语从句充当地点状语，故答案是where。
考点清单四、关系副词when典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
1.when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状。
2.先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year。
3.还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。
Do you remember the day when we first met? 你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？（定语从句是主谓
结构，不缺少宾语）
There are occasions when one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。（先行词occasions是典型时间
名词）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
28. I will never forget the months ________I spent with my cousin in Beijing.
29. People are living in an age ________many jobs are done on computer.
30. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
31. She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who went missing two years before.【答案与解析】
28. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，时间名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。
29. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。
30. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。注意本句先行词The days和定语从句没有紧挨
在一起，而是被谓语are gone分隔开，形成分割定语从句。故答案是when。
31. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。
考点清单五、关系副词why 典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
1.why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状。
2.why还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。注意如果定语从句谓语动词是及物动词，则应用关系
代词。
I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。（定语从句是主谓结构）
The reason why he is late is that he failed to catch the first bus. 他迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus. 他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上
第一班公共汽车。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
32. Do you know the reason _______Jim failed to come today?
33. The reason _________Jim failed to come was ________he was seriously ill.
【答案与解析】
32. why。why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。故答案是why。
33. why; that。The reason why…is that…是固定句型，表示“之所以……是因为……”。故答案是why;
that。
考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语
要点精讲：先行词是地点名词，关系词不一定用where；先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定用when；先
行词是原因名词，关系词不一定用why；窍门：学会分析句子成分，原句含有主谓宾或者不缺少宾语才
能用关系副词；原句缺少主语或 宾语才能用关系代词。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
34. Do you still remember the days________ we studied together?
35. Do you still remember the days________ we spent together?
36. Is this the museum ______ you once worked?
37. Is this the museum ______ you once visited?
38. Is this the reason _______he was absent from school yesterday?
39. Is this the reason _______he gave for absence from school yesterday?
40. Anyway, that evening, ______I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
【答案与解析】
34. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。
35. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，时间名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。
36. where。where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。故答案是to reduce。
37. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，地点名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。38. why。why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。故答案是to reduce。
39. that/which。从句谓语动词give是及物动词，从句缺少宾语。故答案是that/which。
40. which。逗号表明这是非限制性定语从句，从句about暗示后面缺少宾语。故答案是which。
考点清单七、关系代词as典型用法归纳
要点精讲1：
1. 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语、宾语；
2. 用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…句型。注意区分定语从句和状语从句关键在于从句是否完整。
3. 注意the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。
I never heard such stories as he tells．我从未听过像他讲的那种故事。
They have never read so many books as I read last year. 他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那些书。
This is t he same dictionary as I lost yesterday. 这本词典和我昨天丢的那本一样。（不是同一本词典）
He is the same boy that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
41. Los Angeles is such an attractive place _______everyone likes to visit.
42. Los Angeles is such an attractive place _______everyone likes to visit it.
43. This is ______difficult a problem _____no one can work out.
44. This is ______difficult a problem _____no one can work it out.
45. My pen is missing. I’d like to buy the same pen _______I lost.
46. Jenny is so happy, for she has found the same pen ______ she lost yesterday.
【答案与解析】
41. as。such…as…构成限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语。故答案是as。
42. that。such…that…构成结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分。故答案是that。
43. so; as。so…as…构成限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语。故答案是so; as。
44. so; that。so…that…构成结果状语从句，从句不缺少成分。故答案是so; that。
45. as。the same…as…强调“和……是同一类，符合语境要求。故答案是as。
46. that。the same…that…强调“和……是同一个，符合语境要求。故答案是that。
要点精讲2：
1. as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从。
2. 位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……。
3. 从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词；
4. which和as用法区别：
①位置上：which从句只能位于主句之后，as从句位于主句的前、中、后；
②逻辑上：which强调前后不一；as强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”；
③句式上：which多用于“which+动词+宾语”句型；as多用于as we all know/see, as is often the case
with sb等句型。
As is known to all , fish can’t live without water. 众所周知，鱼儿离不开水。（as引导非限制性定语从
句且位于句首）
The famous magician Liu Qian, as we all know, is from Taiwan. 众所周知，著名魔术师刘谦是台湾人。
（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句中）
She has married again, as was expected. 不出所料，她又结婚了。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句
末）As is often the case , girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见
的情况。
He sold his new car, whic h mad e m e surprise d. 他把车卖掉，这让我很吃惊。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
47. He failed in the driving test again, _________surprised us all.
48. He failed in the driving test again, _________we had expected.
49. _________ is often the case with Jim, he was fined for speeding.
50. The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
【答案与解析】
47. which。which引导非限制性定语从句，且多用于“which+动词+宾语”句型。故答案是which。
48. as。as引导非限制性定语从句强调前后逻辑一致，“正如”。故答案是as。
49. As。as is often the case with sb引导非限制性定语从句。位于句首或句末。故答案是As。
50. as。as引导的定语从句可以插入到主句中间，如本句。故答案是as。
考点清单八、定语从句“介词+关系代词”结构
要点精讲：
1.先行词指人关系代词用whom，指物关系代词用which；
2.介词选择的原则：一看先行词特殊搭配，如 to a degree；二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learn from；三看
整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help等。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved. 这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。（介词+关系代词中，
先行词指人用whom）
This is the camera with which he often takes photos. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。（介词+关系代词
中，先行词指物用which）
I don’t know the reason for which he was late for school. 我不知道他为何上学迟到。（定语从句先行词
reason多与介词for连用）
Is this the car for which you paid a high price? 这是你花大价钱买的车吗？（定语从句谓语动词pay for
是固定搭配）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
51. Do you remember the day we first met?
52. Do you remember the month we first met?
53. This is the skirt she paid $100.
54. This is the skirt she spent $100.
55. This is my English teacher, I’ve learned a lot.
56. This is my English teacher, help I couldn’t have made such rapid progress.
【答案与解析】
51. on which。“在某一天”介词用on。故答案是on which。
52. in which。“在某一月”介词用in。故答案是in which。
53. for which。pay…for…是固定词组。故答案是for which。
54. on which。spend money/time on…是固定词组。故答案是on which。
55. from whom。从句谓语含有learn from短语。故答案是from whom。56. without whose。with one’s help表示“在某人帮助下”，结合语境应用否定形式。故答案是without
whose。
考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致典型用法
要点精讲1：先行词作主语，that/which/who从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。
Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚。
Those who are for the plan, raise your hand please. 同意这个计划的人，请举手。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
57. Anyone who ___________(want) to see the film should put up your hands.
58. I, who __________(be) your friend, can understand you.
【答案与解析】
51. wants。anyone作主语，谓语动词应用单数。故答案是wants。
52. am。定语从句主语是I，对应谓语是am。故答案是am。
要点精讲2：先行词是one of…结构，定语从句谓语用复数；先行词是the only /very one of…，定语从句
谓语用单数。
He is one of the students who have read the book. 他是看过这本书的学生中的一位。
She is the only one of the girls who knows English. 她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英语的。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
59. He is one of the students who ________ (praise) at yesterday’s meeting.
60. He is the only one of the students who ______________(praise) at yesterday’s meeting.
【答案与解析】
59. were praised。先行词是one of…结构，定语从句谓语用复数。故答案是were praised。
60. was praised。先行词是the only /very one of…，定语从句谓语用单数。故答案是was praised。
考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查
要点精讲：
1.先行词与定语从句被谓语动词或介词短语分隔开构成“分割型”定语从句;
2.定语从句与强调句型相结合构成“It is/was+被强调部分+定语从句+that…”句式。
3.定语从句与同位语从句区别：前者起限制作用，后者起解释说明作用，且连接词不能省略。
Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 我有时间和孩子们度过一天的场
合很罕见。（分割性定语从句）
It is in the factory which you are visit i ng that this kind of computer is made. 这种电脑是在你们正在参观的
工厂里生产出来的。（强调句型和定语从句混合考查）
The news that our team won the game made us excited. 我们队获胜的消息令我们很激动。（that引导同
位语从句，且that不作句子成分）
The news that he told us just now made us very excited. 他刚才告诉我们的消息令我们很激动。（that
引导定语从句，且that不作从句的宾语）
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
61. The village has developed a lot __________ we learned farming two years ago.
62. It was in the backyard ________ my father planted many vegetables ________ he dug up a statue.
63. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
64. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _______ were translated into foreign languages.65. A new school will be built in _________was a wasteland a few years ago.
【答案与解析】
61. where。本句是分割定语从句，先行词是the village，定语从句被谓语部分分隔开。故答案是when。
62. where; that。________ my father planted many vegetables是定语从句修饰先行词backyard；后面才
是强调句型。故答案是where; that。
63. which。这是“介词+关系代词”结构。故答案是which。
64. them。and是解题关键，表明这是一个并列句。故答案是them。
65. what。介词in后面接一个宾语，该从句缺少引导词和主语，故答案是what。
分类训练（一）高考真题
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A Fable
for Tomorrow”.
1.答案：as。解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式
在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
2.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy peaceful
existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
2.答案：where。解析：考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命
似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些
熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where引导。故填
where。
3.（2023全国甲卷）She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun.
3.答案：what改为which。解析：考查定语从句。句意：她甚至播放了一些它们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。
此处非限制性定语从句修饰singing，从句缺少主语，指物，故what改为which。
4.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63 welcomes the fast-paced
development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical
buildings of the past.
4.答案：which/that。解析：考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节
奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a
place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
5.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked
just perfect.
5.答案：that改为whose。考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，
她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定
语，应用关系代词whose引导。故that改为whose。
6.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live
within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
6.答案：that。解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种
提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词
等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词
that。故填that。
7.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight atthe age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
7.答案：who。解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康
穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为 Cao
Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
8.（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small
but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
8.答案：that/who。解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授 Kim Cobb是一个少
数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词 academics后
为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
9. （2021全国乙卷）Just see how cars have taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put
our lives in danger.
9.答案：what改为which。解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的
生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应
用which 引导。故将what改为which。
10（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had
to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to
Earth.
10.答案：where。解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须
把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子
可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用 where引
导。故填where。
分类训练（二）模拟试题
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
11. George Orwell, _______ real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
12. There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.
13. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.
14. The students benefitting most from college are those are totally engaged in academic life, taking full
advantage of the college’s chances and resources.
15. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station _____ you can hire to reach your host family.
16. She might possibly come, in _______ case I’ll ask her.
17. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _______I was the first
Western TV reporter to film a special unit.
18. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _______is not good for the health.
19. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring was spread over the garden, _______ it remained until the
carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
20. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,
influenced the development of chopsticks.
【答案】
11. whose 12. as 13. where 14. who 15. which/that 16.which 17.when 18. which 19. where 20. who分层训练（三）单句改错
下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
21. (2020天津) Dr. Rowan, who secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
22. (2020全国II) Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
23. (2020 全国 II) Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with
appreciation.
24. (2019全国III) In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for
them.
25. (2019全国I)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
26. (2018全国I) They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned
quite a lot by selling the fish.
27. (2018全国I) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 who showed a mere five
to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
28. (2018浙江) The best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, that means you'll just
keep getting better and better.
29. (2017天津) My eldest son, who work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
30. (2017 全国 II) In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the
rooftop of their house.
【答案】
21. who改为whose 22. what改为which 23.what改为that 24. what改为that/which 25. where改为when
26. which改为where或者which前加 in 27. who改为that/which 28. 第二个that改为which 29. who改为
whose 30. that改为which
分类训练（四）句式升级
书面表达句式升级：请准确运用定语从句翻译下列各句。
31. (2023新高考I卷) 学生们如果与一个相处不够融洽的人分组在一起可能会感到不那么有激情。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
32. (2023全国甲卷) 孔子强调尊重老人这在我们飞速发展的世界中起着指明灯作用。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
33. (2022全国甲卷) 设立“世界海洋日”是为了提高保护海洋意识，在全球生态系统中发挥至关重要作
用。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
34. (2022新高考I卷) 这是一个很不错栏目，你可以在这里和学生分享自己的想法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
35. (2022全国甲卷) 面临互联网各种各样信息，我们不能分辨真假，这对于我们的学习和生活非常有害。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
36. (2021全国乙卷) 首先，我们最好在家遵循学校时间表，这肯定会有助于我们学习效率。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
37. (2021新高考I卷) 该报纸推崇很多栏目，其中中国文化是我最喜欢的。
___________________________________________________________________________________________38. (2021浙江卷) 多数学生看好这次展览，这提供一个平台让他们了解中国之美，体验中国艺术的魅力。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
39. (2020全国I卷) 就我来说，我爸爸是我最崇拜的人。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
40. (2020全国II卷) 我们先采摘那些色彩鲜艳的桃子，然后摘那些成熟柔软的桃子。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
31. Students may feel less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with.
32. Confucius stressed respect for elders, which serves as a guiding light in our fast-paced world.
33. World Oceans Day was set up to raise awareness of protecting the oceans, which play a crucial part in
global ecosystem.
34. This is an amazing program where you can share your ideas with students.
35. Faced with all kinds of information on the internet, we can't tell the difference between the true and the
false, which may be harmful to our study and life.
36. First of all, we'd better obey our school timetable at home, which will surely contribute to our learning
productivity.
37. The newspaper boasts a variety of columns, of which Chinese culture is my favorite.
38. Most of the students think highly of this exhibition，which provides a platform for them to
explore the beauty of China and experience the charm of Chinese art.
39. As for me, my father is the person I respect most.
40. We first picked the peaches that were most beautiful in color, then those that were ripe and soft.
分类训练（五）语篇运用（原创）
热点话题：24节气之夏至来历及风俗 体裁：说明文
24 Solar Terms: Summer Solstice
The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Summer Solstice (Chinese: 夏
至), the 10th solar term of the year, begins on June 21 this year and ends on July 6.
In China, the 24 solar terms 1 (create) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production.
But the solar term culture is still useful today to guide people's lives through eating special foods, performing
cultural ceremonies 2 even healthy living tips that correspond 3 each solar term.
The longest day of the year
On the Summer Solstice itself, daylight lasts the longest for the whole year in the northern hemisphere. After
this day, daylight hours get shorter and shorter and temperatures become 4 (high) in the northern
hemisphere.
A public holiday in ancient timesSummer Solstice was an important festival in ancient China. As early as the Han Dynasty (260BC-220),
5 the Mid-autumn Festival and the Double 6 (nine) Festival were not as important as they are
today, the Summer Solstice was already celebrated. 7 (celebrate) Summer Solstice, women gave
colored fans and sachets to each other. Fans could help them cool down and the sachets could drive away
mosquitoes and make them smell sweet.
Eating noodles
There is a 8 (say) in Shandong province which goes, "eat dumplings on the Winter Solstice and
eat noodles on Summer Solstice." People in 9 (variety) areas of Shandong province eat chilled noodles
on this day. Other people around China, including those in Beijing, also have a tradition of eating noodles.
Dragon boat racing in Zhejiang
Due to the local climate, Dragon boat races 10 (tell) on the Summer Solstice day in Shaoxing,
Zhejiang province rather than on Dragon Boat Festival since the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911)
dynasties. This tradition is still in practice today, with all the attendant excitement.
1. were created 2. and 3. with 4. higher 5. when 6. Ninth 7. To celebrate 8. saying 9. various 10.
have been held
热点话题：主人心脏病发作 英雄猫及时施救 体裁：说明文
https://www.sunnyskyz.com/good-news/4767/Hero-Cat-Saves-Owner-From-Heart-Attack
Hero Cat Saves Owner From Heart AttackA woman in Nottinghamshire, England, says her cat saved her life by pounding on her chest 1
(wake) her up while she was having a heart attack.
Sam Felstead, 42, suffered a heart attack around 4:30 a.m. while 2 (sleep) at home. Her 7-year-old
cat, Billy, seemingly noticed something was wrong and 3 (begin) jumping on Felstead's chest and
meowing as loud as he could.
After waking up, she realized that she was not able to move her body and had shooting pain down her right
side, so she called for help. Quickly she 4 (rush) to the Nottingham City Hospital in the early hours of
the morning 5 doctors told her she had a heart attack in her sleep.
"I was a bit 6 (shock); I went to bed and I felt fine. I didn't feel ill or have any pains," Felstead told
the India Times. " 7 (sudden) I woke up in the early hours covered in sweat and couldn't move. Billy was
on my chest and was meowing loudly in my ear."
Felstead believes her cat saved her life. "He doesn't normally sit with me 8 he knew something
was wrong because he wouldn't leave 9 (I) alone," Felstead told the BBC. "I do think he saved my life
and so does everybody else around me."
Felstead spent three days in 1 0 hospital and underwent an angioplasty(血管成形术). Now on heart
medication, she's back home and working again.
1. to wake 2. sleeping 3. began 4. was rushed 5. where 6. shocked 7. Suddenly 8. but 9. me 10. the
