第05 讲 外研版2019 选修三~选修四词汇
目录
01 课标达标练
【题型一】易考单词变形
【题型二】核心单词拼写
【题型三】重点短语词组
02 核心突破练
【题型一】阅读词汇和短语
【题型二】完形词汇和短语
【题型三】语法填空词汇和短语
03 高考溯源练
01 课标达标练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．I will deal with various jobs properly on the (assume) that I am chosen to take charge.
【答案】assumption
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果我被选为负责人，我将基于这个假设妥善处理各项工作。空后接that 引导
的同位语从句，所以介词on 后接名词assumption 作宾语。故填assumption。
2．We are very proud and honored to receive such a (grace) guest here.
【答案】graceful
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在这里接待如此优雅的客人，我们感到非常自豪和荣幸。此处需要使用形容
词作定语，修饰名词guest，grace 的形容词形式为“graceful”。故填graceful。
3．The (resemble) between the two signatures was remarkable.
【答案】resemblance
【详解】考查名词。句意：这两个签名非常相似。空处作主语，用名词，resemble 对应的名词为
resemblance。故填resemblance。
4．As a matter of fact, his essay is easily (comprehend) to the average readers.
【答案】comprehensible
【详解】考查形容词。句意：事实上，他的文章一般读者很容易理解。根据句意和空格前的is easily 可知，
空格处应该用形容词comprehensible“可理解的”作表语。故填comprehensible。
5．A few hours earlier, you would have seen the famous (novel) in the dormitory.
【答案】novelist
【详解】考查名词。句意：几小时前，你本可以在宿舍里见到那位著名的小说家。空处作seen 的宾语，被
famous 修饰，名词novelist 符合题意，意为“小说家”。故填novelist。
6．Training didn’t result in good results and was much (effective) than expected.
【答案】less effective
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：训练没有产生好的结果，并且比预期的效果差得多。由than 可知，此
空应用形容词比较级，less effective，表“更无效的”，与上文Training didn’t result in good results 对应，符
合语境。故填less effective。
7．Jack is a very a (ambition) boy and one of his ambitions is to become a great lawyer in the future.
【答案】ambitious
【详解】考查形容词。句意：杰克是个野心勃勃的男孩，他的抱负之一就是将来成为一名伟大的律师。形
容词ambitious 作定语，修饰名词boy。故填ambitious。
8．This event was organized in (associate) with a local school.
【答案】association
【详解】考查名词。句意：这次活动是与当地一所学校联合举办的。作介词的宾语，应用名词
association，构成in association with，表示“与……有关联或一起”。故填association。
9．Unemployment will be a (dominate) issue at the next election.
【答案】dominant
【详解】考查形容词。句意：失业问题将是下一次选举中的主要议题。提示词修饰名词issue，用形容词
dominant 作定语，意为“主要的，占主导地位的”，表示失业问题是主要议题，符合语境。故填
dominant。
10．This technology is (complicated) and the processing cost is lower.
【答案】uncomplicated
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这项技术简单，加工成本低。此处应用形容词作表语，表示“简单的”应用
complicated 的反义词uncomplicated，故填uncomplicated。
11．These foreigners have a (fascinate) for the pandas and hotpot.
【答案】fascination
【详解】考查名词。句意：这些外国人对熊猫和火锅很着迷。作宾语，应用名词fascination，构成have a
fascination for 表示“对……着迷”。故填fascination。
12．It is natural that young girls are fond of (fashion) clothes.
【答案】fashionable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：年轻女孩喜欢时髦的衣服是很自然的。由空后clothes 为名词可知，此处为形
容词fashionable“时髦的”作定语修饰该名词。故填fashionable。
13．Scientists transmuted matter into pure energy and exploded the first (atom) bomb.
【答案】atomic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家们将物质转化为纯能量，引爆了第一颗原子弹。提示词修饰名词
bomb，用形容词atomic 作定语，意为“原子的”。故填atomic。
14．In a (prosper) country like this, no one should go hungry.
【答案】prosperous
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在像这样的一个繁荣的国家，没有人应该挨饿。此处为形容词作定语修饰名
词country，prosper 的形容词形式应为prosperous，意为“繁荣的”符合句意。故填prosperous。
15．You are supposed to carry out the task (flexible).
【答案】flexibly
【详解】考查副词。句意：你应该灵活地执行这项任务。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰前面
动词，flexibly，表“灵活地”，符合语境。故填flexibly。
16．They faced one difficulty after another with bravery and (dedicate).
【答案】dedication
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们勇敢且专注地面对一个又一个困难。此处为名词与bravery 并列作介词with
的宾语，dedicate 为动词，意为“献身；专注”，其名词形式为dedication，指“奉献精神；专注”，为不
可数名词。故填dedication。
17．I hope you will enjoy reading this (represent) work of Mark Twain.
【答案】representative
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我希望你会喜欢这本马克·吐温的代表作。设空处修饰名词work 作定语，应
用形容词，表示“典型的、有代表性的”，故填representative。
18．I really can’t see what (relevant) it has.
【答案】relevance
【详解】考查名词。句意：我真的看不出这有什么关联。空处应用名词，作宾语；relevance 为名词，表示
“关联、相关性”，符合句意。故填relevance。
19．I got dressed and emerged into (glory) sunshine.
【答案】glorious
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我穿好衣服，走进灿烂的阳光中。形容词glorious 作定语修饰名词sunshine。
故填glorious。
20．The child is developing in every way, morally, (intellectual) and physically.
【答案】intellectually
【详解】考查副词。句意：这个孩子在道德、智力和身体各方面都在发展。空处修饰动词developing，应
用intellectual 的副词形式intellectually，意为“智力上”，作状语。故填intellectually。
21．The Chinese have been living a happy life since (liberate).
【答案】liberation
【详解】考查名词。句意：自从解放以来，中国人一直过着幸福的生活。since 作介词，后接名词，作宾语，
所给词liberate 的名词形式是liberation，意为“解放”。故填liberation。
22．Hacking into someone’s personal accounts without permission is not only unethical but also
(legal) in most countries, with severe legal consequences.
【答案】illegal
【详解】考查形容词。句意：未经允许入侵他人的个人账户，不仅是不道德的，而且在大多数国家是非法
的，会带来严重的法律后果。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词与unethical 为并列关系，illegal，表“非法
的”，为形容词，作表语，符合语境，与后文“严重的法律后果”相呼应，进一步明确了该行为在法律层
面的否定性和危害性。故填illegal。
23．Cheating on the exam is not only against the rules but also deeply (moral).
【答案】immoral
【详解】考查形容词。句意：考试作弊不仅违反规则，而且非常不道德。not only… but also…连接并列的
结构，空处作表语，结合“Cheating on the exam”可知，应用形容词immoral“不道德的”。故填immoral。
24．The old man s advice was filled with (wise), guiding the young couple through their first major life
decision.
【答案】wisdom
【详解】考查名词。句意：这位老人的建议充满了智慧，引导着这对年轻夫妇做出了他们人生中的第一个
重大决定。提示词作介词后宾语，用名词形式wisdom，意为“智慧”，不可数名词。故填wisdom。
25．The government’s (reject) of the plans is a setback for us.
【答案】rejection
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府拒绝这些计划对我们来说是一个挫折。作主语，用名词rejection，故填
rejection。
26．The general has ordered a partial (withdraw) of troops from the area.
【答案】withdrawal
【详解】考查名词。句意：将军已下令从该地区部分撤军。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，
withdrawal，表“撤回”，为可数名词，且由空前a 可知，这里应用单数形式。故填withdrawal。
27．India currently allows its currency to be (convert) only on the trade or current account.
【答案】convertible
【详解】考查形容词。句意：印度目前只允许其货币在贸易或活期存款账户上进行兑换。空处用于be 动词
之后，应用形容词convertible 作表语，表示“可兑换的”。故填convertible。
28．In order to be more (charm)and slimmer, girls tend to go on a diet.
【答案】charming
【详解】考查形容词。句意：为了变得更有魅力，更瘦，女孩们往往会节食。此处作表语，且修饰主语
girls，故应用形容词“charming 有魅力的”作表语，故填charming。
29．It is difficult to know (precise) how much impact the changes will have.
【答案】precisely
【详解】考查副词。句意：很难准确知道这些变化会产生多大影响。空处需要一个修饰动词know 的副词
作状语表示“知道”的准确程度。所给形容词precise 的副词形式为precisely。故填precisely。
30．The (inspect) opened the packet of cigarettes.
【答案】inspector
【详解】考查名词。句意：检查员打开了那包香烟。空白处在句子中作主语，使用名词，根据“opened the
packet of cigarettes(打开了那包香烟)”可知，设空处需要一个表示人的名词作句子的主语。所给单词inspect
是动词，其名词形式是inspector，故填inspector。
31．On hearing of the news, we were overcome with a (mix) of surprise and horror.
【答案】mixture
【详解】考查名词。句意：一听到这个消息，我们被惊喜和恐惧交织的情绪所淹没。设空处前有a 修饰，
应用名词单数形式作宾语，mix 的名词是mixture。故填mixture。
32．Festivals are becoming more and more (commerce) with businesses taking advantage of the
celebration.
【答案】commercial/commercialized
【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着商家利用节日进行营销，节日变得越来越商业化。此处为形容词作表语，
commerce 的形容词形式为commercial 意为“商业的”或commercialized 意为“商业化的”，表示节日逐渐
具有商业性质或被商业化，均符合句意。故填commercial/commercialized。
33．We gained (admit) to the conference by showing our press passes.
【答案】admission
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们出示记者证，获准参加会议。空处作gained 的宾语，admit 的名词形式
admission 符合题意，意为“允许进入（加入）”，是不可数名词，短语gain admission to 意为“获准进入
（加入）……”。故填admission。
34．He lacked (fluent) during the speech.
【答案】fluency
【详解】考查名词。句意：他在演讲过程中表达不够流畅。根据句意和空格前的动词lacked 可知，空格处
应该用名词fluency 作宾语。故填fluency。
35．In time, Tang Yin (1470—1524) gained (recognize) as one of the greatest artists China has ever
known.
【答案】recognition
【详解】考查名词。句意：随着时间的推移，唐寅（1470—1524）逐渐被世人认可为中国有史以来最杰出
的艺术家之一。作动词的宾语，用名词recognition，故填recognition。
36．Both of them have the (quality) and virtues that are tipical of chinese actors.
【答案】qualities
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们两人都具有中国演员典型的品质和美德。根据后文and virtues 可知，设空
处需填名词复数形式qualities，与virtues 并列作have 的宾语。故填qualities。
37．The children who did best were those whose parents both were (stimulate) and supportive.
【答案】stimulating
【详解】考查形容词。句意：表现最好的孩子是那些父母既给予激励又给予支持的孩子。根据空后的and
supportive 可知，此处需用形容词与supportive 并列，共同作表语。stimulate 为动词，意为“激励”，其形
容词形式stimulating 意为“激励人心的”，此处修饰parents，指“能激励人的父母”。故填stimulating。
38．I have never joined in such clubs, so I have no (prior).
【答案】priority
【详解】考查名词。句意：我从未加入过这样的俱乐部，所以我没有优先权。设空处使用prior 的名词
priority 作have 的宾语。故填priority。
39．If all this is done, China will be able effectively to build her (strength) for the trade war.
【答案】strength
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果这一切都完成，中国将能够有效地为贸易战积蓄力量。空前是形容词性物
主代词her，所以空处应填名词作宾语，strength 为名词，意为“力量”，为不可数名词。故填strength。
40．As time goes by, I attach greater (significant) to doing what we can to protect our environment.
【答案】significance
【详解】考查名词。句意：随着时间的推移，我愈发意识到要尽我们所能来保护我们的环境是多么重要。
作动词的宾语，用名词significance 意为“重要”。故填significance。
41．A (majority) problem of the new version of the dictionary is that the printing is not clear.
【答案】major
【详解】考查形容词。句意：新版本词典的一个主要问题是印刷不清晰。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词
problem，majority 的形容词为major“主要的”，符合语境。故填major。
42．I must work as a tutor to cover my daily (expense), which will cost an arm and a leg.
【答案】expenses
【详解】考查名词。句意：我必须做家教来支付日常开销，这费用可不便宜啊。此处短语daily expenses，
表示“日常开支”，用复数形式泛指多种日常开销。故填expenses。
43．Under the (guide) of an experienced mentor, she felt much more confident about making
important career decisions. (所给词的的适当形式填空)
【答案】guidance
【详解】考查名词。句意：在一位经验丰富的导师的指导下，她在做出重要的职业决定时更有信心了。空
格前为定冠词“the”，后接介词“of”，需填入名词形式。“guide”的名词形式为 “guidance”，“under the
guidance of”是固定搭配，意为“在……的指导下”，符合句意。故填guidance。
44．College students often face (finance) challenges when studying abroad.
【答案】financial
【详解】考查形容词。句意：大学生在出国留学时经常面临经济上的挑战。challenges 是名词，应该用形容
词作定语修饰名词，finance 的形容词形式是financial，意为“财政的；金融的；经济的”，financial
challenges 表示“经济上的挑战”。故填financial。
45．To the surprise of the little boy, the door opened (automatic) as he approached.
【答案】automatically
【详解】考查副词。句意：令小男孩惊讶的是，当他走近时，门自动打开了。空处需用副词来修饰动词
opened，automatic 是形容词，意为“自动的”，其副词形式是automatically“自动地”。故填
automatically。
46．The decision was based on emotion rather than (ration) thought.
【答案】rational
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个决定是基于情感而非理性的思考做出的。修饰名词thought 用形容词
rational，作定语。故填rational。
47．You are to meet with (frustrate) in the pursuit of success, but through greater efforts your dream
will definitely come true.
【答案】frustration
【详解】考查名词。句意：在追求成功的过程中，你会遇到挫折，但通过更大的努力，你的梦想一定会实
现。由空前with 可知，此处为名词frustration“挫折”作宾语，不可数。故填frustration。
48．The style of the speech is (note) because it is so brief and simple.
【答案】notable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：演讲的风格很显著，因为它简洁明了。此处作表语，用note 的形容词
notable“显著的”。故填notable。
49．The novel is an (expand) of a short story he wrote about forty years ago.
【答案】expansion
【详解】考查名词。句意：这部小说是他大约四十年前写的一篇短篇小说的扩充版本。分析句子可知，此
空应填名词作表语，expand 的名词形式是expansion，意为“扩展；扩充”，由空前an 可知，这里应用单
数形式。故填expansion。
50．The government has ordered an (investigate) into the accident.
【答案】investigation
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府已下令对事故进行调查。作动词的宾语，结合不定冠词，可知应用单数名
词investigation，故填investigation。
51．Astronomers use (telescope) to study galaxies and nebulae.
【答案】telescopes
【详解】考查名词。句意：天文学家用望远镜研究星系和星云。名词复数telescopes 泛指多个望远镜，作
宾语。故填telescopes。
52． (tragic), she was abandoned as a baby by her parents on a cold night.
【答案】Tragically
【详解】考查副词。句意：悲惨的是，她在婴儿时期就被父母在一个寒冷的夜晚遗弃了。此处为副词修饰
整个句子， tragic 的副词形式是tragically，表示“悲惨地”符合句意，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填
Tragically。
53．In the 1950s, some working class students went on to university, but these were (exception)
cases.
【答案】exceptional
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在20 世纪50 年代，一些工人阶级的学生继续进入大学学习，但这些只是例
外的情况。根据空后“cases”为名词可知，所填应是形容词作定语。“exception”，名词，意为“一般情况
以外的人（或事物）；例外”，其形容词形式为“exceptional(例外的；杰出的；不寻常的)”。故填
exceptional。
54．Knowing that you are not (accustom) to the life here and are considering returning to America, I
feel very upset.
【答案】accustomed
【详解】考查形容词。句意：得知你不习惯这里的生活，正在考虑返回美国，我感到非常难过。本空在句
中作表语，应填形容词accustomed“习惯的”，构成短语be accustomed to“习惯于”。故填accustomed。
55．He received a six-month (suspend) for unprofessional behaviour.
【答案】suspension
【详解】考查名词。句意：他因不职业行为被停赛6 个月。此处作宾语，应用名词suspension“暂停”，由
空前不定冠词a 可知，应用名词单数形式。故填suspension。
56．His head was bowed in (submit).
【答案】submission
【详解】考查名词。句意：他低头服服帖帖。介词in 后接名词形式，在句中作宾语。submit 的名词形式为
submission，为“屈服”之意。故填submission。
57．The sculpture show is (awe) so it’s really a pity that you didn’t make it last night.
【答案】awesome
【详解】考查形容词。句意：雕塑展太棒了，所以你昨晚没来真的很遗憾。空处应用形容词，作表语。
awesome 意为“令人惊叹的，令人赞叹的”。故填awesome。
58．The children were having fun, chasing each other’s (shadow).
【答案】shadows
【详解】考查名词。句意：孩子们玩得很开心，追逐着彼此的影子。shadow 意为“影子”时，为可数名词，
且根据句意可知，“彼此的影子”说明不止一人，所以用复数。故填shadows。
59．This morning’s (launch) of the space shuttle has been delayed.
【答案】launch
【详解】考查名词。句意：今天上午航天飞机的发射已被推迟。分析可知，空前“This morning’s”为名词
所有格作定语，因此所填空应是名词。“launch”，可作名词，意为“（航天器的）发射”，符合语境，
“This morning’s launch of the space shuttle(今天早上航天飞机的发射)”在句中作主语。故填launch。
60．She got a cookbook out and we were eating great, (instantaneous).
【答案】instantaneously
【详解】考查副词。句意：她拿出一本烹饪书，我们立刻就吃得很好。根据句意，句中用副词作状语，修
饰整个句子。故填instantaneously。
题型二 核心单词拼写
61．You can tell that people are joking by observing their facial . (表情)
【答案】expressions
【详解】考查名词。句意：你可以通过观察人们的面部表情来判断他们在开玩笑。根据空前形容词性物主
代词their 和汉语提示“表情”可知，空处应填名词expression，expression 表示“表情”时为可数名词，结
合语境可知，人们的面部表情不止一种，应用复数形式。故填expressions。
62．The twin wore （完全相同的）outfits, making it hard to tell them apart.
【答案】identical
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这对双胞胎穿着完全相同的衣服，让人很难区分他们。“完全相同的”应用
形容词identical，作定语。故填identical。
63．Many people in China naturally (联系) Chongqing with hotpot.
【答案】associate
【详解】考查动词。句意：在中国，很多人自然而然地把重庆和火锅联系在一起。associate...with...把……
和……联系起来。句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语Many people 是复数，所以用动词原形。故填
associate。
64．They had to move into (临时的)accommodation.
【答案】temporary
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们不得不搬进临时住所。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“临时的”应用
temporary，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词。故填temporary。
65．So (宝贵的) is time that we can’t afford to waste it.
【答案】precious
【详解】考查形容词。句意：时间如此宝贵，我们不能浪费它。根据汉语提示“宝贵的”可知，此处用形
容词precious，作表语。故填precious。
66．It is anger that leads to (暴力) and loss of control.
【答案】violence
【详解】考查名词。句意：愤怒会导致暴力和失控。根据汉语提示，表示“暴力”用violence 作leads to 的
宾语。故填violence。
67．Now what you say (证实) my opinion. I’m sure our idea is correct.
【答案】confirms
【详解】考查动词。句意：现在你的话证实了我的观点。我确信我们的想法是正确的。“证实”应用动词
confirm，作谓语，结合“Now”可知，此处描述当前的情况，时态应用一般现在时，what you say 作主语，
视作单数，因此用confirm 的第三人称单数形式。故填confirms。
68．She devoted her life to helping earthquake (受害者) rebuild their homes and lives.
【答案】victims
【详解】考查名词。句意：她毕生致力于帮助地震灾民重建家园和生活。根据汉语提示“受害者”可知，
此处为名词victim，作宾语，结合下文“their homes and lives.”可知，使用名词复数形式。故填victims。
69．The last five years have seen a huge increase in the country’s export (能力).
【答案】capacity
【详解】考查名词。句意：过去五年来，该国的出口能力有了巨大的增长。表示“能力”使用名词
capacity，在句中作宾语，故填capacity。
70．This restaurant has a good (名声) for its delicious food and friendly service.
【答案】reputation
【详解】考查名词。句意：这家餐厅因美食可口、服务友好而享有良好的名声。根据汉语提示“名声”及
空前的不定冠词“a”可知，此处应填单数名词reputation，have a good reputation for...为固定搭配，意为
“因……而享有好名声”。故填reputation。
71．Schools have adopted new technologies to (提高，加强) teaching efficiency.
【答案】enhance
【详解】考查动词。句意：学校采用新技术来提高教学效率。“提高、加强”为动词enhance，由不定式
to 可知，应用动词原形，故填enhance。
72．He had a deep (喜爱) for the lovely baby.
【答案】affection
【详解】考查名词。句意：他非常喜爱这个可爱的婴儿。根据汉语提示“喜爱”，以及上文a deep 可知，
此处应填名词单数affection 作宾语。故填affection
73．Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become
(悲观) and give up.
【答案】pessimistic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们中的许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果我们不能立即成功，我们往往
会变得悲观并放弃。句中become 是系动词，其后接形容词作表语。形容词“悲观的”英文为pessimistic。
故填pessimistic。
74．China’s Belt and Road Initiative motivates many countries (合作) more closely.
【答案】to cooperate
【详解】考查动词。句意：中国的“一带一路”倡议推动各国加强合作。根据汉语提示可知用动词
cooperate，且上文为短语motivate sb. to do sth.。故填to cooperate。
75．About fifteen minutes a day for a week or two usually makes an (巨大的) difference.
【答案】enormous
【详解】考查形容词。句意：每天15 分钟，坚持一两个星期，通常会有很大的不同。名词difference 前用
形容词修饰。形容词“巨大的”英文为enormous。故填enormous。
76．During the Renaissance artists began to break away from traditional (宗教的) themes and explore
more secular subjects.
【答案】religious
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在文艺复兴时期，艺术家们开始摆脱传统的宗教主题，探索更多世俗的题材。
“宗教的”修饰名词themes，用形容词religious 作定语，符合语境。故填religious。
77．Every child has the (潜力) to succeed; it’s up to educators to help them unlock it.
【答案】potential
【详解】考查名词。句意：每个孩子都有成功的潜力，能否帮助他们发掘这种潜力，取决于教育工作者。
根据句意和中文提示，表示“潜力”应用potential，为不可数名词，在本句中作宾语。故填potential。
78．The social media platform has taken measures to prevent the (滥用) of user information. （根据汉
语提示单词拼写）
【答案】abuse
【详解】考查名词。句意：社交媒体平台已采取措施防止用户信息被滥用。空处位于动词prevent 后，应用
名词abuse 作宾语。故填abuse。
79．After the opening ceremony, students (解散) and straight away they ran happily to those games.
【答案】were dismissed
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：开幕式结束后，学生们被解散，立刻就高高兴兴地跑向那些比赛项
目。根据汉语提示“解散”可知，应填动词dismiss，且此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文After the
opening ceremony 可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为students，be 动词使用were。故填were
dismissed。
80．The ancient Egyptian (文明世界) is one of the oldest in the world.
【答案】civilisation
【详解】考查名词。句意：古埃及文明是世界上最古老的文明之一。根据汉语提示可知，表示“文明世
界”可用名词civilisation 作主语。故填civilisation。
题型三 重点短语词组
81． should be punished.
无论谁违犯法律都应该受到惩罚。
【答案】Whoever goes against laws
【详解】考查名词性从句、固定短语。表示“无论谁违犯法律”用主语从句，主语从句中表示“无论谁”，
用whoever，作主语，并引导主语从句，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“违反”用固定短语go against，本
句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为Whoever，谓语用第三人称单数；表示“法律”用law，不
止一项法律，用复数形式，作宾语。故填Whoever goes against laws。
82．真正的问题是你是否会让那几个人阻止你去做你真正想做的事情。
The real question is .
【答案】whether you are going to let those few people stop you from doing something you really want to do
【详解】考查表语从句和短语。引导表语从句，从句表示“是否”用whether；主语为you；表示“让某人
做某事”短语为let sb. do sth.，此处为一般将来时be going to do；表示“那几个人”用those few people；表
示“阻止某人做某事”短语为stop sb. from doing sth.；表示“你真正想做的事情”翻译为省略关系词的定
语从句，为something you really want to do。根据上文is 可知为一般现在时。故填whether you are going to
let those few people stop you from doing something you really want to do。
83．The local government to stop such rare animals from dying out so far.
到目前为止，当地政府已经采取了一些措施来阻止这种珍稀动物的灭绝。
【答案】has taken some measures
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。由“到目前为止”即so far 可知，句子应用现在完成时，“采取一些措
施”为take some measures，主语是单数，助动词应用has，故填has taken some measures。
84．因此，养成健康的饮食习惯对于我们来说非常重要。
Therefore, healthy very important for us.
【答案】 to form eating habits is
【详解】考查非谓语动词、名词和主谓一致。根据汉语提示可知，第一空和第二空表示“养成”，应用动
词form，空格处应用动词不定式作主语，即“to form...”；第三空和第四空表示“饮食习惯”，应用名词短
语eating habits，其中eating 为动名词作定语，修饰名词habits；第五空表示“是”，应用be 动词，由语境
可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且不定式作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式is。故填①to
form
eating
habits
is
②
③
④
⑤。
85．他就是这样一个总是挑别人的毛病的人。
He is such a man who is always .
【答案】finding fault with other people
【详解】考查固定短语及时态。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“挑别人的毛病”，应用动词短语find
fault with sb，“别人”other people，由who is always 可知，find 应用现在分词形式构成现在进行时。故填
finding fault with other people。
86．不要认为父母原谅你是理所当然的事。
Don’t that your parents will excuse you.
【答案】 take it for granted
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，此处表示“认为……理所当然”为固定短语take it for granted that...，
此处为it 作形式宾语，that 从句引导的宾语从句作真正宾语。故填①take
it
for
granted
②③
④
。
87．他设法把每件事都变成一个笑话或一个故事，而且用了一种巧妙而富有想象力的方式。
He managed and did so in a clever and imaginative way.
【答案】to convert everything into a joke or a story
【详解】考查非谓语动词。“把……转换成……”使用动词短语convert...into...，“每件
事”everything，“一个笑话或一个故事”a joke or a story，manage to do sth.是固定短语，意为“设法成功
做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to convert everything into a joke or a story。
88．总而言之，意识到青少年的心理健康是至关重要的。
In summary, it is of utmost importance to teenagers’ mental health.
【答案】 be aware of
【详解】考查动词短语。“意识到”可用动词短语be aware of 表示，不定式符号to 后用动词原形，构不定
式作主语。故填be；aware；of。
89．Environmental protection is for our students .
保护环境对我们学生来说，与其说是兴趣倒不如说是一种责任。
【答案】 more a responsibility than interest
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：保护环境对我们学生来说，与其说是兴趣倒不如说是一种责任。根据所给
的汉语提示“与其说是……倒不如说是……”，可知此处应使用固定短语“more...than...”，“责任”的英
文是responsibility，“兴趣”的英文是interest，故填 more a responsibility；than interest。
90．他真是名副其实的“活雷锋”。
He really a “living Lei Feng”.
【答案】lives up to his reputation as
【详解】考查时态和短语。对比中英文提示，空处为“是名副其实的”，可理解为“不辜负作为……的声
望”，live up to“不辜负”，reputation“声望”，as“作为”，后接a “living Lei Feng”作宾语，描述事实，用
一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填lives up to his reputation as。
91．Youth, which covers , attracts senior school students, leading us into the outer world.
《青年报》涵盖了广泛的主题，吸引着高中生，带领我们了解外面的世界。
【答案】a wide range of topics
【详解】考查固定短语和名词。对比中英文句子可知，空处需填“广泛的主题”，表达“广泛的”用短语
a wide range of，“主题”为topic，可数名词，被a wide range of 修饰，应用其复数形式。故填a wide range
of topics。
92．I cant go out .
有这么多的家务要做，我不能出去。
【答案】with so much housework to do
【详解】考查with 复合结构。根据语意可知，此处表示“有这么多的家务要做”，应用with 复合结构，即
“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”表原因，在句中作原因状语。其中，表示“这么多的家务”用so much
housework 作宾语，表示“要做”为将来尚未发生的动作，应用动词不定式to do 作宾语补足语。故填with
so much housework to do。
93． in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.
橱柜里什么东西也没有剩下，她出去买了点吃的。
【答案】With nothing left
【详解】考查with 复合结构。根据语意可知，此处表达“什么东西也没有剩下”，应用with 复合结构，即
“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”来表示原因，其中，表示“什么东西也没有”应用代词nothing，作宾语，
表示“剩下”应用动词leave，因其与宾语之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式left，作宾语补足语，且
位于句首，首字母需大写。故填With nothing left。
94． ,I used to associate happiness with money.
在参加这个活动之前，我过去常常把幸福和金钱联系起来。
【答案】Prior to participating in the activity
【详解】考查形容词和非谓语动词。根据汉语提示，表示“先于……”用固定短语prior to……；表示“参
与活动”用动词短语participate in the activity，此处使用动名词作to 的宾语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词
首字母大写。故填Prior to participating in the activity。
95．You’ll fail the exam .
除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。
【答案】unless you study hard
【详解】考查条件状语从句和动词短语。对比中英文可知，空处表示“除非你努力学习”，可用unless“除
非”引导条件状语从句，从句应用一般现在时表将来，主语“你”用代词you，“努力学习”可用动词短
语study hard。故填unless you study hard。
96．得知期待已久的旅行取消后, 她心中满是悲伤。
After being told that the long-awaited trip had been cancelled, .
【答案】her heart was heavy with sorrow
【详解】考查时态和固定短语。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“她心中满是悲伤”，可用名词短语her
heart 作主语表示“她心中”，可用固定短语be heavy with 作系表结构表示“充满”，结合前文过去完成时
“had been cancelled”及语境，此处描述过去的状态，应用一般过去时，主语为单数，be 动词用was，表示
“悲伤”可用名词sorrow 作介词宾语。故答案为her heart was heavy with sorrow。
97．They can shop for the top brands .
他们可以通过上网购买顶级品牌。(by doing...)
【答案】by surfing the Internet
【详解】考查介词。空处需填“通过网购”，表示“通过做某事”用by doing sth.，“上网”表达为surf
the Internet，surf 用动名词形式作宾语。故填by surfing the Internet。
98．这个年轻人坚持他应该被派往那里工作。
The young man insisted .
【答案】that he should be sent to work there
【详解】考查宾语从句和虚拟语气。句中谓语动词“insisted”表示“坚决要求”，其后宾语从句要用虚拟
语气，即“should+动词原形”；“他应该被派往那里工作”是其后宾语从句，用连词that 引导从句，主语
“他”用人称代词he，谓语“派往”用动词send，与主语之间是被动关系，用虚拟语气，即“should be
sent”，“那里工作”作目的状语，用不定式短语to work there。故填 that he should be sent to work there。
99．无论谁触犯法律，都应该受到惩罚。
, he should be punished.
【答案】Whoever breaks the law/ No matter who breaks the law
【详解】考查让步状语从句。本空表示“无论谁触犯法律”，其中“无论谁”用whoever 或no matter who
引导让步状语从句，“触犯法律”用break the law，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为
Whoever 或No matter who，谓语用第三人称单数，故填Whoever breaks the law/ No matter who breaks the
law。
100．After getting up, I began to have breakfast. It consisted of .
起床后，我开始吃早餐，包括一些面包和一袋果汁。
【答案】some bread and a bag of fruit juice
【详解】考查名词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“一些面包和一袋果汁”，“一些面包”是some
bread，bread 是不可数名词，“和”是and，“一袋果汁”是a bag of fruit juice，因此空格处是some bread
and a bag of fruit juice。故填some bread and a bag of fruit juice。
02 核心突破练
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
A
（2025·海南海口·三模）Astronomers have warned about strong solar storms and unusual space weather in
the coming days and weeks. These events are happening because an active area of the Sun is moving into a position
where we can see it. The activity might cause beautiful sky displays, called auroras (极光), but it could also lead to
power blackouts (停电) on Earth.
NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory recently recorded the most powerful Solar explosion of 2025, known
as an X2.7 flare (耀斑). This flare came from a new sunspot area on the Sun and is the strongest type of Solar flare
possible. It caused radio blackouts in parts of the Middle East, where high-frequency radio signals were stopped for
about 10 minutes, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the US.
NASA explained that these solar flares and explosions could continue to affect radio communications,
electric power systems, navigation signals, and even create dangers for spacecraft and astronauts. The Sun is now at
the highest point of its 11-year activity cycle, called the solar maximum. This happens because the Sun’s magnetic
poles change places, making the Sun very active and stormy.
Solar flares can also bring auroras, which are caused by charged particles (带电粒子) from the Sun hitting
Earth’s atmosphere. These particles create colorful lights in the sky, known as the Northern Lights or Southern
Lights. The most active part of the Sun is now turning to face Earth, and experts predict more space weather events.
The Met Office (英国气象局) in the UK reported that there are up to five sunspot areas on the Sun’s surface facing
Earth, with a new one appearing on the southeastern side.
Other experts have noticed that a sunspot called AR4087 might lead to very bright auroras as it moves into a
better position to face Earth. Space photographer Vincent Ledvina shared his excitement on social media, saying,
“This is getting intense, especially as this active area moves closer into view.” Scientists are keeping a close watch
on these solar activities to understand their effects on Earth.
1．What is a possible effect of the X2.7 flare mentioned in the text?
A．It improved radio signals in the Middle East.
B．It caused a 10-minute blackout of radio signals.
C．It created new sunspots on the Sun’s surface.
D．It stopped astronauts from working in space.
2．Why is the Sun currently very active according to the text?
A．It is entering a new 11-year cycle.
B．Its magnetic poles are staying the same.
C．It is at the peak of its solar maximum.
D．Its surface is cooling down quickly
3．What is Vincent Ledvina’s attitude toward the solar activities?
A．Worried.
B．Confused.
C．Thrilled.
D．Disappointed.
4．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To explain how auroras are formed by the Sun.
B．To share Vincent Ledvina’s experience with solar activities.
C．To describe the Sun’s 11-year activity cycle in detail.
D．To warn about the effects of solar storms on Earth.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“太阳风暴与空间天气”这一话题，介绍了太阳活动高峰期引
发的X2.7 耀斑、可能导致的极光现象以及对地球通讯、电力系统等的影响，并提及科学家对未来空间天气
事件的持续关注。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This flare came from a new sunspot area on the Sun and is the strongest type
of Solar flare possible. It caused radio blackouts in parts of the Middle East, where high-frequency radio signals
were stopped for about 10 minutes(这次耀斑来自太阳上一个新的太阳黑子区域，是可能的最强类型的太阳耀
斑。它导致中东部分地区的无线电中断，那里的高频无线电信号停止了大约10 分钟)”可知，X2.7 耀斑可能
导致无线电信号中断10 分钟。故选B 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Sun is now at the highest point of its 11-year activity cycle, called the
solar maximum. This happens because the Sun’s magnetic poles change places, making the Sun very active and
stormy.(太阳现在正处于其11 年活动周期的最高点，称为太阳活动极大期。这是因为太阳的磁极发生了变
化，使得太阳非常活跃和多风暴。)”可知，太阳目前非常活跃是因为它正处于太阳活动极大期的顶峰。故
选C 项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Space photographer Vincent Ledvina shared his excitement on social
media, saying, “This is getting intense, especially as this active area moves closer into view.” (太空摄影师文森特·
莱德维纳在社交媒体上分享了他的兴奋之情，他说：“这变得越来越强烈了，尤其是当这个活跃区域越来
越近的时候。”)”可知，文森特·莱德维纳对太阳活动的态度是兴奋的。故选C 项。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Astronomers have warned about strong solar storms and unusual space
weather in the coming days and weeks. These events are happening because an active area of the Sun is moving
into a position where we can see it. The activity might cause beautiful sky displays, called auroras, but it could also
lead to power blackouts on Earth.(天文学家已经警告说，在未来的几天和几周内会有强烈的太阳风暴和异常
的太空天气。这些事件的发生是因为太阳的一个活跃区域正在移动到我们可以看到的位置。这种活动可能
会导致美丽的天空景象，称为极光，但也可能导致地球上的电力中断。)”及下文介绍的X2.7 耀斑的影响
（第二段）、NASA 对通讯、电力、导航和航天安全的警告（第三段）、极光的形成及更多空间天气事件
的预测（第四段），以及专家对这些活动的关注（第五段）可知，文章的核心是警告读者关于太阳风暴及
其对地球的潜在影响（包括正面影响如极光，负面影响如通讯中断和电力问题），同时提到科学家正在密
切关注这些现象，所以这篇文章的主要目的是警告太阳风暴对地球的影响。故选D 项。
B
（2025· 湖南长沙· 二模）For many students, math class is the subject of nightmares. Many who
enthusiastically show off their counting skills in pre-school years later consider math class the most hated hour of
the school day. The problem, according to a Stanford education professor, is a matter of mindset.
Jo Boaler, professor of mathematics education at Stanford, has studied how students learn math, to identify
why so many students end up hating or fearing math, and, too often, underachieve. In her new book, Mathematical
Mindsets, Boaler describes how society has traditionally valued one type of math learner — one who can memorize
well and calculate fast—— as opposed to others who have the same potential but may be deeper, slower.
The“testing culture” in American schools is a major problem for math learners, Boaler said,noting that
exams and tests are far more pervasive in math than other subjects. The combination of frequent testing, procedural
teaching and uninteresting questions disconnected from students’lives causes many students to regard math as
a“cold, lifeless subject” without a human connection.
. The good news is that any student's negative perception of math can dramatically change,Boaler said. She
works with Stanford psychology Professor Carol Dweck to deliver growth mindset interventions to teachers and
students. A“growth mindset” is built around the idea that most basic abilities can be developed and expanded upon
through dedication and hard work. By contrast, with a“fixed mindset,” people believe their basic qualities, like their
intelligence or talent, are simply fixed traits(特征).
“When we open up mathematics and teach broad, visual, creative math, then we teach math as a learning
subject instead of as a performance subject,” Boaler said, “The outcome is that the subject becomes deeper and
filled with more connections, so students enjoy it more and achieve at higher levels.”
Critics such as Marina Ratner, professor of mathematics at the University of California,express skepticism
towards moving away from traditional methods. Math is math; there is no shortcut. They argue that without solid
basic skills, students might struggle with subjects like alrohip( 代数), let alone tackling any other higher-level
STEM courses.
1．What problem is presented in the text?
A．Students fear math due to abstract concepts.
B．There is a lack of standardized tests in math.
C．Math learners focus on advanced concepts too early.
D．Traditional math teaching discourages many students.
2．What does the word “pervasive” most likely mean in the third paragraph?
A．Occasional.
B．Demanding.
C．Widespread.
D．Unreasonable.
3．Which pair best describes the contrast between a growth mindset and a fixed mindset?
A．Dynamic methods vs. standard methods.
B．Group learning vs. individual learning.
C．Improvable abilities vs. inborn abilities.
D．Long-term results vs. short-term results.
4．What is Marina Ratner’s attitude towards traditional methods of math teaching?
A．Unclear.
B．Supportive.
C．Doubtful.
D．Critical.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，围绕许多学生厌恶或惧怕数学这一问题展开讨论。阐述了斯坦福大学教育教
授 Jo Boaler 对该问题的研究，指出美国学校的 “测试文化” 等传统数学教学方式是导致学生厌恶数学
的主因，还介绍了 “成长型思维” 对改变学生对数学看法的作用，最后提及 Marina Ratner 等批评者对
摒弃传统教学方法的质疑。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In her new book, Mathematical Mindsets, Boaler describes how society has
traditionally valued one type of math learner — one who can memorize well and calculate fast—— as opposed to
others who have the same potential but may be deeper, slower.(在她的新书《数学思维模式》中，博勒描述了社
会传统上是如何看重一类数学学习者的 —— 这类学习者记忆力好、计算速度快 —— 而忽视了其他那些
虽具有同样潜力，但思维更深入、节奏更慢的学习者)”以及根据第三段“The combination of frequent testing,
procedural teaching and uninteresting questions disconnected from students’lives causes many students to regard
math as a“cold, lifeless subject” without a human connection.(频繁的测试、程序化的教学以及与学生生活脱节
的无趣问题，这些因素结合在一起，导致许多学生将数学视为一门“冰冷、毫无生气且缺乏人文联系”的
学科)” 可知，传统的数学教学方式让很多学生对数学产生负面看法，从而失去兴趣。所以传统数学教学使
许多学生失去信心。故选D。
2．词义猜测题。根据第三段“The “testing culture” in American schools is a major problem for math learners,
Boaler said, noting that exams and tests are far more pervasive in math than other subjects.(Boaler 说，美国学校
的“测试文化”对数学学习者来说是一个主要问题，并指出考试在数学学科中比在其他学科中更为
pervasive)”，结合前文提到测试文化是大问题以及频繁测试可知，考试在数学学科中应是广泛存在的。故
选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“A “growth mindset” is built around the idea that most basic abilities can be
developed and expanded upon through dedication and hard work. By contrast, with a “fixed mindset,” people
believe their basic qualities, like their intelligence or talent, are simply fixed traits(特征).(“成长型思维”基于这样
一种理念，即大多数基本能力可以通过专注和努力工作来发展和提升。相比之下，持“固定型思维”的人
认为他们的基本特质，如智力或天赋，是固定不变的特征)” 可知，成长型思维认为能力可提升，固定型思
维认为能力是天生不变的。选项 C“可提升的能力与天生的能力” 符合推断，故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Critics such as Marina Ratner, professor of mathematics at the University of
California, express skepticism towards moving away from traditional methods. Math is math; there is no shortcut.
(像加州大学数学教授 Marina Ratner 这样的批评者，对摒弃传统方法表示怀疑。他们认为数学就是数学，
没有捷径)” 可知，Marina Ratner 对传统数学教学方法持支持态度，不赞同轻易摒弃传统方法。故选B。
C
（2025·湖北黄石·二模）Given the stressful nature of work in cities and the fast-paced urban life, after-
work hours have become an important time for people to relieve some of the stress and meet their social and
recreational needs. As summer temperatures rise, so does the night-time economy. Data show that the time after
working hours is the “golden time” for consumption in urban areas. For example, the sales of large shopping malls
from 6 pm to 10 pm account for more than half of the day’s total sales.
Major cities in China and abroad have introduced many measures to promote the night-time economy. For
instance, Beijing and Shanghai have issued several policies, and cities such as Hangzhou and Nanjing have
introduced various activities to boost night-time consumption.
Now that the consumer market is firmly on the recovery path in China, the night-time economy can meet
people’s social and recreational needs and increase domestic demand. As the situation normalizes in China, the
night-time economy can help increase market supply, promote the integrated development of business, travel,
culture, sports and other service industries. The night-time economy fits well with the post-industrial urbanization
trend and enhances a city’s charm while facilitating the flow of goods, capital and information.
To ensure the sustainable development of the night-time economy, the government and enterprises have to
make joint efforts to optimize the consumption environment and use innovative means to increase consumption.
First, to meet the diversified consumption needs, services such as catering ( 饮食服务) and shopping should go
along with night life. Second, night-time economy brands should be developed by learning from the experience of
cities around the world. Third, the authority could consider extending the opening hours of museums, libraries and
concert halls to draw more visitors for the development of the night-time economy. And fourth, it is important that
consumers exhibit civilized behavior, and the authority promotes a simple, moderate, green and low-carbon
lifestyle in order to ensure the sustainable development of the night-time economy.
1．Which is one of the reasons for the rise of the night-time economy?
A．People need to relieve stress.
B．Working hours are extended.
C．Government policies favor it.
D．Summer offers more recreational options.
2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．Positive impacts of the night-time economy.
B．Opportunities brought by the night-time economy.
C．Views on the rapid growth of the night-time economy.
D．Reasons for the development of the night-time economy.
3．What does “optimize” most likely mean in paragraph 4？
A．Maintain.
B．Purify.
C．Enhance.
D．Simplify.
4．How should the government sustain the night-time economy?
A．Consider people’s nightlife needs.
B．Lower museum ticket prices at night.
C．Promote our night-time business globally.
D．Ensure sellers operate in a low-carbon manner.
【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了夜间经济对于社会经济发展的影响以及它所展示出的巨大潜力，并且
提出了可持续发展夜间经济的建议。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句话“Given the stressful nature of work in cities and the fast-paced urban life,
after-work hours have become an important time for people to relieve some of the stress and meet their social and
recreational needs.(鉴于城市工作的压力和快节奏的城市生活，下班后的时间已经成为人们缓解压力、满足
社交和娱乐需求的重要时间)”可知，下班时间已经成为人们减轻部分压力并满足自己社交和娱乐需求的重
要时段；由此可知，人们解压的需求是夜间经济兴起的原因之一。故选A。
2．主旨大意题。分析第三段“Now that the consumer market is firmly on the recovery path in China, the night-
time economy can meet people’s social and recreational needs and increase domestic demand. As the situation
normalizes in China, the night-time economy can help increase market supply, promote the integrated development
of business, travel, culture, sports and other service industries. The night-time economy fits well with the post-
industrial urbanization trend and enhances a city’s charm while facilitating the flow of goods, capital and
information.(现在，中国的消费市场正在稳步复苏，夜间经济可以满足人们的社交和娱乐需求，增加国内需
求。随着中国的常态化，夜间经济有助于增加市场供给，促进商业、旅游、文化、体育等服务业的融合发
展。夜间经济顺应了后工业时代的城市化趋势，在促进商品、资金和信息流动的同时，也增强了城市的魅
力)”可知，本段主要讨论的是中国的夜间经济和消费对经济增长的影响，先后提到：①消费市场复苏，夜
间经济满足社交和娱乐需求，增加国内需求；②夜间经济促进市场供应和服务行业的综合发展。由此可知，
本段介绍了夜间经济发展的积极影响和贡献。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据第四段第一句“To ensure the sustainable development of the night-time economy, the
government and enterprises have to make joint efforts to optimize the consumption environment and use
innovative means to increase consumption.(为了保证夜间经济的可持续发展，政府和企业必须共同努力，
optimize 消费环境，利用创新手段增加消费)”可推测，此处想要表达的意思是，政府和企业共同努力来改
善，优化消费环境。划线词意思为“优化，提高”，故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“First, to meet the diversified consumption needs, services such as catering
(饮食服务) and shopping should go along with night life.(首先，为了满足多样化的消费需求，饮食服务和购物
等服务应该伴随着夜生活)”可知，要满足各种各样的消费需求，各种服务应该与夜生活相配套。故选A。
题型二 完形词汇和短语
A
（2025·江西上饶·模拟预测）Located in the southern Peloponnesian peninsula, Pavlopetri (the modern
name of the site) emerged as a Neolithic ( 新石器时代的) settlement around 3500 B ．C． and became an
important trading center for Mycenaean Greece (1650 — 1180 B．C．). This area of the Aegean Sea is 1
to earthquakes and tsunamis, which caused the city to 2 sink. The slow sea level rise in Mediterranean
3 this city around 3000 years ago.
For millennia, the city's 4 lay unseen below some 13 feet of water. They were covered by a thick
layer of sand 5 the island of Laconia. In recent decades, shifting 6 and climate change have
eroded (侵蚀) a natural barrier that 7 Pavlopetri. In 1967 a scientific survey of the Peloponnesian coast
was 8 data to analyze changes in sea levels 9 British oceanographer Nicholas Flemming first
spotted the sunken 10 . A year later, he returned with a few students to 11 the location and map
the site. Despite the exciting initial finds, the site would lie undisturbed for decades before archaeologists would
return.
In 2009 archaeologists Chrysanthi Gallou and Jon Henderson resumed the excavation of Pavlopetri in
cooperation with the Greek Ministry of Culture. Since the 1960s, underwater archaeology 12 and tools
had made huge advances. The team employed robotics, sonar mapping, and state-of-the-art graphics to survey the
site. From 2009 to 2013 they were able to bring the underwater town to 13 Covering about two and a half
acres, Pavlopetri’s three main roads 14 some 50 rectangular buildings, all of which had open courtyards.
Excavations revealed a large number of Minoan-style loom weights, 15 Pavlopetri was a thriving trade
center with a robust textile industry.
1．A．relevant
B．prone
C．available
D．alien
2．A．accidentally
B．frequently
C．gradually
D．temporarily
3．A．disguised
B．submerged
C．relocated
D．isolated
4．A．legends
B．programs
C．remains
D．surroundings
5．A．across
B．off
C．under
D．via
6．A．currents
B．rivers
C．seasons
D．winds
7．A．elevated
B．separated
C．comprised
D．protected
8．A．gathering
B．restoring
C．updating
D．supplying
9．A．when
B．until
C．after
D．once
10．A．belongings
B．resources
C．products
D．structures
11．A．preserve
B．select
C．display
D．examine
12．A．policies
B．theories
C．documents
D．techniques
13．A．effect
B．light
C．reality
D．mind
14．A．crossed
B．connected
C．blocked
D．altered
15．A．expecting
B．suggesting
C．predicting
D．recalling
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．A 10．D 11．D
12．D 13．B 14．B 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述帕夫洛彼特里作为新石器时代定居点和贸易中心，因地震海啸等沉入
海底，后经考古发掘展现其面貌。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：爱琴海的这一地区容易发生地震和海啸，这导致这座城市逐渐下沉。A.
relevant 相关的；B. prone 易于……的；C. available 可获得的；D. alien 陌生的。根据下文“to earthquakes
and tsunamis”以及语境可知，这里指爱琴海的这一地区容易发生地震和海啸，be prone to，为固定搭配，意
为“易于……”，符合该地区易受地震和海啸影响的语境。故选B 项。
2．考查副词词义辨析。 句意：爱琴海的这一地区容易发生地震和海啸，这导致这座城市逐渐下沉。A.
accidentally 偶然地；B. frequently 频繁地；C. gradually 逐渐地；D. temporarily 暂时地。根据下文“slow sea
level rise”可知，这里指城市是逐渐下沉的，gradually 与slow 相呼应。故选C 项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：大约3000 年前，地中海海平面的上升将这座城市淹没。A. disguised 伪装；
B. submerged 淹没；C. relocated 重新安置；D. isolated 孤立。根据上文“slow sea level rise”以及语境可知，
这里指城市被上升的海水淹没，submerged 符合语境。故选B 项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：数千年来，这座城市的遗迹一直隐藏在约13 英尺深的水下。A. legends 传
说；B. programs 项目；C. remains 遗迹；D. surroundings 环境。根据下文“lay unseen below some 13 feet of
water”和“excavation”可知，这里指水下是城市的遗迹，remains 指遗留的建筑残骸，符合语境。故选C 项。
5．考查介词词义辨析。 句意：它们被拉科尼亚岛附近的一层厚厚的沙子覆盖。A. across 穿过；B. off
在……附近；C. under 在……下面；D. via 通过。根据下文“the island of Laconia”以及语境可知，这里指
off the island，表示“在岛屿附近”，符合沙子覆盖在岛屿周边海域的语境。故选B 项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：近几十年来，不断变化的洋流和气候变化侵蚀了保护帕夫洛彼特里的自然
屏障。A. currents 洋流；B. rivers 河流；C. seasons 季节；D. winds 风。根据上文“shifting”和下文“eroded a
natural barrier”可知，这里指洋流的变化导致屏障被侵蚀，currents 符合海洋环境的语境。故选A 项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：近几十年来，不断变化的洋流和气候变化侵蚀了保护帕夫洛彼特里的自然
屏障。A. elevated 提升；B. separated 分离；C. comprised 包含；D. protected 保护。根据上文“eroded”可知，
这里指原本自然屏障保护着遗迹，protected 与eroded 形成对比。故选D 项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：1967 年，一项伯罗奔尼撒海岸的科学调查正在收集数据分析海平面变化时，
英国海洋学家尼古拉斯
弗莱明首次发现沉没的建筑。
・
A. gathering 收集；B. restoring 恢复；C. updating 更
新；D. supplying 供应。根据下文“data”以及语境可知，这里表示科学调查正在收集数据分析海平面变化，
即“gathering data”，符合科学调查的目的。故选A 项。
9．考查连词词义辨析。 句意：1967 年，一项伯罗奔尼撒海岸的科学调查正在收集数据分析海平面变化时，
英国海洋学家尼古拉斯
弗莱明首次发现沉没的建筑。
・
A. when 当……时；B. until 直到；C. after 在……之
后；D. once 一旦。根据下文“British oceanographer Nicholas Flemming first spotted the sunken
10
”
以及语境可知，这里应用when 引导时间状语从句，指在收集数据的过程中发现遗迹。故选A 项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：1967 年，一项伯罗奔尼撒海岸的科学调查正在收集数据分析海平面变化
时，英国海洋学家尼古拉斯
弗莱明首次发现沉没的建筑。
・
A. belongings 所有物；B. resources 资源；C.
products 产品；D. structures 建筑。根据下文“rectangular buildings”可知，发现的是沉没的“建筑”，
structures 为同义词复现。故选D 项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：一年后，他带着几个学生返回该地点进行考察并绘制遗址地图。A.
preserve 保护；B. select 选择；C. display 展示；D. examine 考察。根据下文“map the site”可知，这里指返
回的目的是考察遗址，examine 符合语境。故选D 项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：自20 世纪60 年代以来，水下考古技术和工具取得了巨大进步。A.
policies 政策；B. theories 理论；C. documents 文件；D. techniques 技术。根据下文“and tools ”以及语境语
境可知，这里指水下考古技术和工具取得了巨大进步，此空与“tools”并列，techniques，表示“技术”，
符合考古进步的语境。故选D 项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：从2009 年到2013 年，他们得以将水下城镇展现出来。A. effect 效果；B.
light 光；C. reality 现实；D. mind 思想。根据上文“bring the underwater town to”以及语境可知，这里指他
们得以将水下城镇展现出来，bring...to light，为固定搭配，意为“揭示、展现”，指通过考古让遗址为人
所知。故选B 项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：帕夫洛佩特里的三条主要道路占地约两英亩半，连接着大约50 座长方形
建筑，所有建筑都有开放式庭院。A. crossed 穿过；B. connected 连接；C. blocked 阻挡；D. altered 改变。
根据下文“some 50 rectangular buildings”以及语境可知，这里指三条主要道路连接着大约50 座长方形建筑，
roads connected buildings，表示“道路连接建筑”，符合城市规划的常识。故选B 项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：挖掘出土了大量米诺斯风格的织机砝码，表明帕夫洛彼特里是一个繁荣
的贸易中心，拥有蓬勃发展的纺织业。A. expecting 期待；B. suggesting 表明；C. predicting 预测；D.
recalling 回忆。根据下文“Pavlopetri was a thriving trade center with a robust textile industry”以及语境可知，
这里指挖掘出的物品表明表明帕夫洛彼特里曾拥有蓬勃发展的纺织业，suggesting，在此处表示“暗示、表
明”，根据考古发现推断城市的功能。故选B 项。
B
（2025·湖北武汉·二模）Growing up in Calgary, our kids had only seen buildings from the 1900s. We
wanted to show them 1 castles, medieval monuments, and grand palaces, so we traveled to Edinburgh to
take a family trip.
Scotland holds a personal connection for us, as my boys have Scottish 2 , we hoped this trip would
connect them to their ancestors’ culture.
Our airport taxi driver pointed out landmarks and shared historical facts. Through his 3 Scottish
accent, he suggested visiting the National Records office to explore our family history. Despite their 4 , my
kids grew excited to explore their family history. As we entered the city, Edinburgh Castle was 5
majestically on the volcanic rock — a 6 reminder of Scotland’s 7 past that would help my
children connect with their heritage.
Walking along the Royal Mile, my boys were 8 by the souvenir shops. Among the tartan scarves
arranged by 9 , they found their family’s unique 10 . Though we didn’t 11 anything,
this discovery gave them a strong sense of 12 to their ancestors.
This trip became a meaningful 13 of cultural discovery. Sometimes the most valuable things aren’t
what we buy, but what we 14 about ourselves and our 15 .
1．A．modern
B．ancient
C．damaged
D．fictional
2．A．friends
B．language
C．heritage
D．food
3．A．indifferent
B．peculiar
C．familiar
D．thick
4．A．curiosity
B．jet lag
C．drawback
D．confusion
5．A．situated
B．stood
C．lay
D．floated
6．A．painful
B．permanent
C．temporary
D．visual
7．A．awful
B．glorious
C．dull
D．luxurious
8．A．bored
B．embarrassed
C．scared
D．attracted
9．A．character
B．size
C．tribe
D．gesture
10．A．pattern
B．tradition
C．choir
D．privacy
11．A．sell
B．purchase
C．make
D．break
12．A．connection
B．distance
C．struggle
D．conflict
13．A．journey
B．business
C．career
D．navigation
14．A．achieve
B．hide
C．reflect
D．learn
15．A．future
B．routine
C．past
D．Setback
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B
12．A 13．A 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者带孩子前往爱丁堡旅行，通过参观历史建筑、探索家族史等
经历，让孩子与祖先文化建立连接的故事。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们想让他们看看古老的城堡、中世纪遗迹和宏伟的宫殿，所以我们去
了爱丁堡进行家庭旅行。A. modern 现代的；B. ancient 古老的；C. damaged 受损的；D. fictional 虚构的。
根据下文“medieval monuments”可知，下文提到了中世纪遗迹，这些都是古老的建筑，与上文“only seen
buildings from the 1900s”形成对比，突出想让孩子见识更久远的历史建筑。故选B 项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：苏格兰对我们来说有着私人的联系，因为我的孩子们有苏格兰血统，我们
希望这次旅行能让他们与祖先的文化建立联系。A. friends 朋友；B. language 语言；C. heritage 血统；D.
food 食物。根据上文“Scotland holds a personal connection for us”以及下文“connect them to their ancestors’
culture”可知，上文提到了苏格兰对我们有特殊的意义，下文说的是让他们与祖先的文化建立联系，可推理
出孩子们与苏格兰有血缘关联。故选C 项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过他浓重的苏格兰口音，他建议我们去国家档案馆探索我们的家族史。
A. indifferent 冷漠的；B. peculiar 奇特的；C. familiar 熟悉的；D. thick 浓重的。根据下文“Scottish accent”
可知，下文提到了苏格兰口音，可推理出此处说的是浓重的苏格兰口音。故选D 项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管孩子们有时差反应，但他们对探索家族史变得兴奋起来。A. curiosity 好
奇；B. jet lag 时差反应；C. drawback 缺点；D. confusion 困惑。根据上文“Our airport taxi driver”可知，他
们刚抵达机场，结合常识，长途飞行后通常会有“jet lag(时差反应)”，表明尽管身体不适，仍对活动产生
兴趣。故选B 项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们进入这座城市时，爱丁堡城堡雄伟地坐落在火山岩上——这是对苏
格兰辉煌过去的一种视觉提醒，能帮助我的孩子与他们的文化遗产建立联系。A. situated 位于（强调地理
位置）；B. stood 站立（强调直立状态）；C. lay 躺（强调平躺）；D. floated 漂浮。根据下文“on the
volcanic rock”可知，下文提到了在火山岩上，可推理出此处说的是爱丁堡城堡雄伟地坐落在火山岩上。故
选A 项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同第5 题。A. painful 痛苦的；B. permanent 永久的；C. temporary 临时的；
D. visual 视觉的。根据上文“on the volcanic rock”可知，上文提到了在火山岩上，这是肉眼可见的景象，可
推理出此处强调通过视觉感知的提醒，故选D 项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同第5 题。A. awful 糟糕的；B. glorious 辉煌的；C. dull 乏味的；D.
luxurious 奢华的。根据上文“majestically”可知，上文提到了“雄伟地”，可推理出此处说的是苏格兰的辉
煌的过去。故选B 项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：沿着皇家一英里大道散步时，我的孩子们被纪念品商店吸引住了。A. bored
使厌烦；B. embarrassed 使尴尬；C. scared 使害怕；D. attracted 吸引。根据下文“by the souvenir shops”可知，
下文提到了纪念品商店，可推理出此处说的是孩子们被商店里的物品吸引。故选D 项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在按部落排列的格子围巾中，他们发现了家族独特的图案。A. character 性
格；B. size 尺寸；C. tribe 部落；D. gesture 手势。根据上文“the tartan scarves”可知，上文提到了格子围巾，
这是一种苏格兰格子花纹，常与不同家族或部落关联，可推理出此处说的是按部落排列的格子围巾。故选
C 项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第9 题。A. pattern 图案；B. tradition 传统；C. choir 唱诗班；D. privacy
隐私。根据上文“the tartan scarves”可知，上文提到了格子围巾，根据历史常识，这是一种苏格兰格子花纹，
常与不同家族或部落关联，它的核心特征是其独特的格子。故选A 项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们什么也没买，但这一发现让他们强烈地感受到与祖先的联系。A.
sell 卖；B. purchase 购买；C. make 制作；D. break 打破。根据下文“the most valuable things aren't what we
buy”可知，下文说的是最有价值的东西不是我们买的东西，可推理出此处指没有购买任何东西。故选B 项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第11 题。A. connection 联系；B. distance 距离；C. struggle 挣扎；D.
conflict 冲突。根据上文“we hoped this trip would connect them to their ancestors’ culture”可知，上文说的是
我们希望这次旅行能让他们与祖先的文化建立联系，可推理出此处说的是这一发现让他们强烈地感受到与
祖先的联系。故选A 项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次旅行成为一次有意义的文化发现之旅。A. journey 旅程；B. business 商
业；C. career 职业；D. navigation 导航。根据上文“this trip”以及下文“cultural discovery”可知，上文说的
是这次旅行，下文说的是文化发现，可推理出此处说的是这次旅行成为一次有意义的文化发现之旅。故选
A 项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，最有价值的东西不是我们买的，而是我们对自己和过去的了解。
A. achieve 实现；B. hide 隐藏；C. reflect 反思；D. learn 了解。根据上文“this trip”以及“cultural discovery”
可知，上文说的是文化发现之旅，可推理出此处说的是我们对自己和过去的了解。故选D 项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同第14 题。A. future 未来；B. routine 日常；C. past 过去；D. setback 挫折。
根据上文“ancestors’ culture”以及“family history”可知，上文提到了祖先文化以及家族史，可推理出此处
强调对家族过往的探索。故选C 项。
C
（2025·湖南·模拟预测）I had always been fascinated by the idea of traveling alone. The thought of 1
new places, meeting different people, and having unique experiences on my own 2 me. So, when I got
the chance to take a solo trip to a small coastal town, I 3 without hesitation.
As soon as I arrived, I was 4 by the beautiful scenery. The sound of the waves crashing against the
shore, the salty smell of the sea, and the warm sun on my face made me feel 5 . I spent my days exploring
the narrow streets of the town, visiting local 6 , and chatting with the friendly locals.
One day, I decided to go on a hike along a cliffside trail. The view was breathtaking, but the trail was 7
in some parts. As I was carefully making my way through a steep section, I 8 my footing and slipped. I
landed hard on my knee and elbow, and pain shot through my body.
I was 9 and worried about how I would get back to town. Just then, a young man who was also
hiking came by. He quickly 10 to help me. He checked my injuries and 11 me to a nearby
bench. He offered me water and some snacks from his backpack and waited with me until I felt better.
Thanks to his kindness, I was able to make it back to town safely. It 12 me that even when
traveling on my own, I was not truly 13 . There were kind-hearted people everywhere who were willing
to lend a hand. It also made me more 14 of the unexpected challenges that could come my way, but I was
15 to face them with a positive attitude.
1．A．discovering
B．leaving
C．missing
D．passing
2．A．puzzled
B．excited
C．frightened
D．confused
3．A．tried out
B．put forward
C．jumped at
D．set about
4．A．moved
B．attracted
C．annoyed
D．inspired
5．A．relaxed
B．stressed
C．lonely
D．depressed
6．A．factories
B．schools
C．farms
D．shops
7．A．smooth
B．wide
C．dangerous
D．short
8．A．lost
B．found
C．kept
D．improved
9．A．calm
B．brave
C．confident
D．scared
10．A．continued
B．stopped
C．pretended
D．refused
11．A．transported
B．pushed
C．helped
D．forced
12．A．struck
B．beat
C．warned
D．informed
13．A．busy
B．free
C．alone
D．tired
14．A．afraid
B．aware
C．ashamed
D．proud
15．A．sorry
B．afraid
C．ready
D．worried
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．C
12．A 13．C 14．B 15．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者首次独自旅行的经历：在沿海小镇探索时因山路陡峭不慎滑倒
受伤，幸得陌生徒步者帮助，由此感悟到独自旅行并不孤单，世间处处有温情，同时也意识到面对旅途中
的挑战需保持积极态度。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一想到独自探索新地方、遇见不同的人、拥有独特的经历，我就感到兴奋。
A. discovering 发现；B. leaving 离开；C. missing 错过；D. passing 通过。根据上文“I had always been
fascinated by the idea of traveling alone.”和下文“new places, meeting different people, and having unique
experiences”可知，此处指独自旅行，去发现新的地方，遇见不同的人。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一想到独自探索新地方、遇见不同的人、拥有独特的经历，我就感到兴奋。
A. puzzled 使困惑；B. excited 使兴奋；C. frightened 使害怕；D. confused 使困惑，使糊涂。上文“I had
always been fascinated by the idea of traveling alone.”和“unique experiences”表明积极情感，“excited”（使兴
奋）与上文的正向态度一致，指独自旅行的想法让作者感到兴奋。故选B。
3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，当有机会独自前往一个沿海小镇旅行时，我毫不犹豫地欣然接受了。
A. tried out 试验；B. put forward 提出；C. jumped at 欣然接受；D. set about 着手。根据下文“without
hesitation.”可知，作者果断接受机会。故选C。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：抵达后，我立刻被美丽的风景所吸引。A. moved 移动，使感动，打动；B.
attracted 吸引；C. annoyed 惹恼；D. inspired 启发。根据下文“The sound of the waves crashing against the
shore, the salty smell of the sea, and the warm sun on my face made me feel ___5___. I spent my days exploring
the narrow streets of the town, visiting local ____6___, and chatting with the friendly locals.”可知，作者被美丽
的风景吸引住了。故选B。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海浪拍打海岸的声音、大海的咸腥味、阳光温暖地洒在脸上，让我感到
无比放松。A. relaxed 放松的；B. stressed 紧张的；C. lonely 孤独的；D. depressed 沮丧的。根据上文“The
sound of the waves crashing against the shore, the salty smell of the sea, and the warm sun on my face”可知，海浪
拍打海岸的声音，海水的咸味，还有作者脸上温暖的阳光，让作者感到很放松。故选A。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我每天都在小镇狭窄的街道上探索，参观当地的商店，并和友好的当地人
聊天。A. factories 工厂；B. schools 学校；C. farms 农场；D. shops 商店。根据上文“I spent my days
exploring the narrow streets of the town”和常识可知，旅行中探索街道时通常会逛商店。故选D。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：景色美到令人惊叹，但部分路段却很危险。A. smooth 光滑的；B. wide 宽
阔的；C. dangerous 危险的；D. short 短的。根据上文“go on a hike along a cliffside trail”以及下文“As I was
carefully making my way through a steep section, I ___8___ my footing and slipped.”可知，小路有些地方很危
险。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我小心翼翼地穿过一段陡峭的山路时，突然失去了平衡，滑倒了。A. lost
失去；B. found 发现；C. kept 保持；D. improved 改进。根据下文“my footing and slipped”可知，作者失去
了平衡，滑倒了，动词短语lose one’s footing“未站稳，失去平衡”符合语境。故选A。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到害怕，担心该如何回到镇上。A. calm 平静的；B. brave 勇敢的；C.
confident 自信的；D. scared 担心的，害怕的。根据上文“I landed hard on my knee and elbow, and pain shot
through my body.”可知，作者膝盖和手肘重重地摔在地上，疼痛传遍全身，所以作者很害怕。故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他立刻停下来帮助我。A. continued 继续；B. stopped 停止；C. pretended 假
装；D. refused 拒绝。根据下文“He checked my injuries and ___11___ me to a nearby bench.”可知，一个也在
徒步旅行的年轻人很快停下来帮助作者。故选B。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他检查了我的伤口，搀扶我到附近的长椅上。A. transported 运输；B.
pushed 推；C. helped 搀扶；D. forced 强迫。根据上文“He checked my injuries”以及空后“me to a nearby
bench”可知，检查作者伤势后，，把作者搀扶到附近的长椅上。故选C。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这件事让我突然意识到，即使独自旅行，我也并非真正孤单。A. struck 突
然意识到；B. beat 打败；C. warned 警告；D. informed 通知。根据空后“even when traveling on my own, I
was not truly ____13____. There were kind-hearted people everywhere who were willing to lend a hand.”可知，作
者突然意识到即使独自旅行，也并非真正孤单，因为到处都有好心人愿意伸出援助之手；“It strikes sb
that...”为固定句型，意为“某人突然意识到……”。故选A。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这件事让我突然意识到，即使独自旅行，我也并非真正孤单。A. busy 忙
碌的；B. free 自由的；C. alone 独自的，孤独的；D. tired 疲惫的。根据上文“Thanks to his kindness, I was
able to make it back to town safely.”以及句中“even when traveling on my own”可知作者虽然是独自旅行，但
是遇到困境后有人帮助，全文围绕“独自旅行（traveling alone）”展开，此处指独自旅行但是并非真的是
孤单一人，形成主题闭环。故选C。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这也让我更清楚地认识到旅途中可能会遇到意想不到的挑战，但我已准
备好以积极的态度去面对它们。A. afraid 害怕的；B. aware 意识到的；C. ashamed 羞愧的；D. proud 骄傲的。
根据下文“the unexpected challenges that could come my way”可知，这一次独自旅行受伤的经历让作者更加
意识到旅途中可能会遇到意想不到的挑战。故选B。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这也让我更清楚地认识到旅途中可能会遇到意想不到的挑战，但我已准
备好以积极的态度去面对它们。A. sorry 抱歉的；B. afraid 害怕的；C. ready 准备好的；D. worried 担心的。
根据上文“the unexpected challenges that could come my way”以及转折词“but”可知，未来可能会遇到的意
想不到的挑战，但作者已经准备好用积极的态度去面对。故选C。
题型三 语法填空词汇和短语
A
（2025·湖北十堰·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Anna Gavrilova from Siberia, Russia, established her international logistics (物流) company in China just a
year ago but 1 (achieve) nearly 10 million yuan ($1.38 million)in revenue so far.
Gavrilova had dreamed of working in China. In 2017, she 2 (hire) by a logistics company in
Dalian, Liaoning Province, 3 it was here that she met her future husband. In 2021, she returned to Russia
to set up her own logistics business in Saint Petersburg and Vladivostok. In 2024, Gavrilova moved back to China
with her husband, 4 (found) an international logistics company named Ancheng in Xianning, Hubei, her
husband’s hometown.
During the startup phase, Gavrilova received substantial support from Xianning’s enterprise incubation ( 孵
化) base. They provided rental subsidies( 补贴), connected her with potential customers, and kept her 5
(inform) of policies and industry developments.
“The Chinese government has always supported export and foreign trade businesses, 6 (especial)
under the Belt and Road Initiative,” she explained. “For example, shipments from cities like Wuhan in Hubei,
Shijiazhuang in Hebei, and Yiwu in Zhejiang can receive 7 (significance) subsidies, greatly reducing our
costs. Our company handles many orders from Yiwu to Hamburg, Germany, and Budapest, Hungary.”
8 offices in both China and Russia, Gavrilova’s company is well-positioned to handle trade
between the two countries. They can often find better routes and more favorable prices. They even assist other
Chinese business owners in visiting Russia for commercial 9 (cooperate).
Gavrilova is optimistic about the future. “I feel like I’ve found an industry in 10 I can invest long-
term efforts,” she said.
【答案】
1．has achieved 2．was hired 3．and 4．founding 5．informed 6．especially 7．
significant 8．With 9．cooperation 10．which
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。俄罗斯女子安娜
加夫里洛娃在中国成立国际物流公司，获当地支持，借
・
“一带一路”发展，看好行业前景。
1．考查时态。句意：来自俄罗斯西伯利亚的安娜
加夫里洛娃仅在一年前在中国成立了她的国际物流公
・
司，但迄今为止收入已接近1000 万元人民币（138 万美元）。此空考查谓语动词，主语Anna Gavrilova
from Siberia 与achieve 为主动关系，so far 是现在完成时标志，主语为第三人称单数。故填has achieved。
2．考查时态和语态。句意：2017 年，她被辽宁大连的一家物流公司录用，正是在这里她遇到了未来的丈
夫。此空考查谓语动词，2017 年为过去时间，主语she 与hire 为被动关系。故填was hired。
3．考查连词。句意：2017 年，她被辽宁大连的一家物流公司录用，正是在这里她遇到了未来的丈夫。分
析句子结构可知，前后句为顺承关系，用连词and 连接。故填and。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：2024 年，加夫里洛娃和丈夫搬回中国，在丈夫的家乡湖北咸宁成立了一家名
为“安诚”的国际物流公司。此空考查非谓语，句子主语Gavrilova 与found 为主动关系，再由语境可知，
应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填founding。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们提供租金补贴，为她联系潜在客户，并随时向她通报政策和行业发展情
况。此空考查keep sb. informed of sth.，为固定搭配，意为“使某人了解某事”，所以应用过去分词作宾补。
故填informed。
6．考查副词。句意：她解释说：“中国政府一直支持出口和外贸企业，特别是在‘一带一路’倡议
下。”修饰介词短语用副词，especially，表“特别地”，符合语境。故填especially。
7．考查形容词。句意：例如，从湖北武汉、河北石家庄和浙江义乌等城市发货可以获得显著的补贴，大
大降低了我们的成本。修饰名词subsidies 用形容词， significant，表“显著的”，符合语境。故填
significant。
8．考查介词。句意：加夫里洛娃的公司在中国和俄罗斯都设有办事处，非常适合处理两国之间的贸易。
表示“拥有”应用介词with，且句首时首字母应大写。故填With。
9．考查名词。句意：他们甚至协助其他中国企业主访问俄罗斯进行商业合作。形容词commercial 后接名
词，cooperation，表“合作”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填cooperation。
10．考查定语从句。句意：“我觉得自己找到了一个可以长期投入精力的行业，”她说。此空考查定语从
句，先行词industry，为物，在定语从句中作介词in 的宾语，用关系代词which 引导，in which 表示“在这
个行业中”。故填which。
B
（2025·浙江杭州·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Thousands of self-named “TikTok refugees (难民)” are flooding to Xiaohongshu (also known as RedNote in
App Store), 1 Chinese social media platform. The US Supreme Court is expected to decide 2
TikTok can continue operating in the country before the January 19 deadline. As it faces a such potential ban in the
United States, it is sent to the top of the US App Store download chart. By the end of last week, Xiaohongshu 3
(download) the most, ranking the top on Apple’s US App Store. Originally launched in 2013 4 a lifestyle
platform, Xiaohongshu boasts over 300 million 5 (month) active users and exceeded US$1 billion in
profit in 2024, according to Bloomberg.
Some Chinese users are going to the extra miles 6 (guide) international newcomers. A user named
Eddy Liu created a group chat offering in-depth analyses on mastering Xiaohongshu, while others have posted 7
(instruction) to make the Chinese-dominated app more accessible. Miss Fifty Yuan, a graduate from Fudan
University, 8 (author) a beginner’s guide to Chinese Internet slang previously, translating terms like yyds
(GOAT), which was widely popular. Chinese and US users are 9 (enthusiastic) sharing photos of their
pets, particularly cats, as they make their first interactions on Xiaohongshu. US users have humorously nicknamed
these images as the “Cat Tax”, 10 (refer) to a playful exchange for engagement with Chinese users.
【答案】
1．a 2．whether/if 3．had been downloaded 4．as 5．monthly 6．to guide 7．
instructions 8．authored 9．enthusiastically 10．referring
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述TikTok 面临美国禁令，用户涌入小红书的现象。
1．考查冠词。句意：数千名自称“TikTok 难民”的用户正涌入小红书 (在App Store 中又称RedNote)，一
个中国社交媒体平台。platform 是可数名词，此处泛指“一个中国社交媒体平台”，Chinese 以辅音音素开
头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
2．考查宾语从句。句意：美国最高法院预计将在1 月19 日的最后期限前决定TikTok 是否能在美国继续运
营。空处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，表“是否”的含义，用whether/ if。故填whether/ if。
3．考查动词时态。句意：截至上周末，小红书下载量最高，在美国苹果应用商店排名第一。By the end of
last week 为过去完成时标志，主语Xiaohongshu 与download 为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，
download 的过去分词为downloaded。故填had been downloaded。
4．考查介词。句意：据彭博社报道，小红书最初于2013 年作为生活方式平台推出，拥有超过3 亿月活跃
用户，2024 年利润超过10 亿美元。空处应用介词as，构成固定短语launch as，意为“以……形式推出”。
故填as。
5．考查形容词。句意：据彭博社报道，小红书最初于2013 年作为生活方式平台推出，拥有超过3 亿月活
跃用户，2024 年利润超过10 亿美元。空处需用形容词monthly，修饰名词users，作定语。故填monthly。
6．考查动词不定式。句意：一些中国用户正格外努力地引导国际新用户。空处需用不定式to guide，作目
的状语，即“额外努力”是为了“引导新人”。故填to guide。
7．考查名词复数。句意：一位名叫Eddy Liu 的用户创建了一个群聊，提供掌握小红书的深度分析，而其
他人则发布了操作指南，让这个以中文为主的应用更容易使用。空处应用名词作宾语，instruction 表示
“指示、指南”时常用复数形式。故填instructions。
8．考查动词时态。句意：复旦大学毕业生“五十元小姐”此前曾撰写过一份中文网络俚语入门指南，翻
译了像yyds (GOAT) 这样广受欢迎的术语。空处为句子谓语动词，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，
author 的过去式为authored。故填authored。
9．考查副词。句意：中美用户热情地分享他们宠物的照片，尤其是猫的照片，这是他们在小红书上的第
一次互动。空处应用副词，修饰动词sharing，作状语，enthusiastic 的副词形式为enthusiastically。故填
enthusiastically。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：美国用户幽默地将这些图片昵称为“猫税”，指的是与中国用户互动的一种
有趣的交换方式。句中已有谓语动词have nicknamed，空处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语Cat Tax 与动词refer
为主谓关系，用现在分词referring 作伴随状语。故填referring。
C
（2025·山东淄博·三模）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At the National Center for Preservation and Conservation ET Ancient Books, a group of dedicated women
diligently restore ancient books. 1 medical specialists treating patients, they work to extend the lives of
the old volumes.
Their task begins with 2 professionals call “book bricks”, a term used for ancient books that 3
(harden) into solid blocks over decades of improper storage. Some books are so damp that the pages stick together
completely. Even the initial step can take 4 entire day, and the slightest mistake risks a tear.
“Even after years of working in ancient book restoration, I dare not be careless,” said Wu Eiffel, the leader of
the ancient book restoration group. Details such as the amount of water used 5 (smooth) pages and the
paper’s shrinkage rate all need to be considered, with restoration plans 6 (adjust) along the way to ensure
the ancient books receive the most appropriate treatment, she said.
She also focuses on the 7 (apply) of new technologies in ancient book restoration. For example, an
AI restoration system scans damaged areas, 8 (identify) issues like insect holes, while 9
(automatic) generating restoration plans and predicting how the paper will age over time.
With technology’s advancement, what was once a purely traditional craft now stands as a scientific practice,
and these conservators 10 (be) the guardians of the dialogue between past and future generations.
【答案】
1．Like 2．what 3．have hardened 4．an 5．to smooth 6．adjusted 7．application
8．identifying 9．automatically 10．are
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了国家古籍保护中心一群女性古籍修复师的工作内容、挑战及新技
术在古籍修复中的应用。
1．考查介词。句意：像医学专家治疗病人一样，他们努力延长古籍的寿命。结合句意，此处将修复古籍
比作“专家治疗病人”，所以此处表示“像……一样”，用介词like，首字母大写。故填Like。
2．考查宾语从句。句意：她们的任务始于专业人士所称的“书砖”，这个术语指因数十年不当存放而硬
化成固体块的古籍。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句，该空在从句中作call 的宾语，指物，用连接代词
what。故填what。
3．考查动词时态。句意：同上。此处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语“over decades”可知，动作从
过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时，从句主语指代先行词books 为复数。故填have hardened。
4．考查冠词。句意：即使是最初的步骤也可能需要一整天，微小的错误都有撕裂的风险。day 为可数名词
单数，此处泛指“一整天”，entire 以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：她说，需要考虑平滑页面所用的水量和纸张的收缩率等细节，并在此过程中
调整修复计划，以确保古书得到最适当的处理。根据“be used to do sth.”意为“被用来做某事”可知，此处
用不定式形式。故填to smooth。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处为“with +宾语+宾补”结构，plans 与adjust 为逻辑被动关系，用
过去分词作宾语补足语。故填adjusted。
7．考查名词。句意：她还关注新技术在古籍修复中的应用。空前有定冠词the，此处用名词作宾语，apply
的名词为application 意为“应用”，表抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填application。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，人工智能修复系统扫描受损区域，识别虫洞等问题，同时自动生成修
复计划并预测纸张随时间的老化情况。此处为非谓语动词作状语，identify 与逻辑主语system 之间为主动
关系，用现在分词形式。故填identifying。
9．考查副词。句意：同上。修饰动词generating 用副词作状语，automatic 的副词为automatically，表“自
动地”符合语境。故填automatically。
10．考查动词时态。句意：随着技术的进步，曾经纯粹的传统工艺现在已成为科学实践，这些保护者是过
去与子孙后代对话的守护者。此处为谓语动词，根据并列句的谓语动词stands 以及句意，此处陈述客观事
实，应使用一般现在时，主语conservators 为复数，所以be 动词为are。故填are。
03 高考溯源练
A
（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine
does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in
Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From
technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of
what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It
changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items
like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to
raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food
waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is
simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took
the concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all
the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider
serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and,
with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment;
Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to
address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
1．What can be inferred about the author’s early life?
A．He witnessed food shortage.
B．He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C．He donated food to Africans.
D．He helped to cook at home.
2．Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment?
A．To customize dishes for guests.
B．To make the public aware of food waste.
C．To test a food processing method.
D．To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．Why the ingredients were used.
B．Which dishes were best liked.
C．What the dishes were made of.
D．Where the ingredients were bought.
4．What can we learn about wastED?
A．It has ended as planned.
B．It is creating new jobs.
C．It has regained popularity.
D．It is criticized by top chefs.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为
例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa where the
phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner
time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历 —— 在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐
时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)” 可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推
断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道
菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill 餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提
供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
3．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically
made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most
restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber
butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. (值得注
意的是，从技术上讲，wastED 的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆
永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利
用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED 菜单上的菜品所用的配
料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。
故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the
start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了热烈
的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，wastED 从
一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束
了。故选A。
B
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t
seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 1 the beloved home our family had
spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 2 we were moving to in town, donated
what we could, and rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 4
with things that, while not particularly 5 , didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting
additional 6 , another asking for a price cut. As our 7 day drew near, I settled on a new price
($0) and reposted it. The 8 : “I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.” In an instant, a woman raced into my
house and left happily with the vase.
9 , I posted more. My daily posts and the 10 I received became a precious ray of light in
the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to 11 the landfill and to please another person I
might not otherwise have 12 .
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 13 that share our small space. I take 14
in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is 15 something that couldn’t come with us.
1．A．painting over
B．looking around
C．emptying out
D．pulling down
2．A．hotel
B．office
C．cottage
D．apartment
3．A．store
B．display
C．sell
D．repair
4．A．covered
B．decorated
C．stuffed
D．equipped
5．A．conventional
B．valuable
C．complicated
D．tolerable
6．A．fees
B．photos
C．receipts
D．models
7．A．move
B．pay
C．market
D．work
8．A．warning
B．request
C．description
D．reply
9．A．Confused
B．Interested
C．Disappointed
D．Encouraged
10．A．visits
B．reports
C．advice
D．money
11．A．remove
B．spare
C．find
D．check
12．A．investigated
B．recognized
C．encountered
D．recommended
13．A．giveaways
B．posts
C．contributions
D．belongings
14．A．joy
B．part
C．care
D．time
15．A．anticipating
B．appreciating
C．delivering
D．withdrawing
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B
12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在搬家过程中通过免费赠送旧物获得快乐的故事。
1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和丈夫刚刚卖掉了我们的房子，我们正忙着清空我们一家人花了23 年时
间建造的心爱的房子。A. painting over 粉刷覆盖；B. looking around 环顾四周；C. emptying out 清空；D.
pulling down 拆除。根据上文“ My husband and I had just sold our house”和下文“the beloved home our
family had spent 23 years filling up”可推知，此处指作者卖掉了房子，忙着清空房子里的多年来堆积的东西。
故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东
西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. hotel 酒店；B. office 办公室；C. cottage 小屋；D.
apartment 公寓。根据文章最后一段“I sit in my apartment today”可推知，此处指作者一家人搬到了公寓。
故选D。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东
西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. store 储存；B. display 展示；C. sell 出售；D.
repair 修理。根据上文“rented a place”以及下文“our supposedly important objects”可推知，此处指租地方
是为了存放重要物品。故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填
埋场的东西。A. covered 覆盖的；B. decorated 装饰的；C. stuffed 塞满的；D. equipped 配备的。根据上文
“rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects”以及下文“with things”可推知，此处指房子里仍塞
满物品。故选C。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填
埋场的东西。A. conventional 传统的；B. valuable 有价值的；C. complicated 复杂的；D. tolerable 可容忍
的。根据上文“while not particularly”以及下文“didn’t belong in a landfill”可推知，此处指虽不贵重但不应
丢弃的物品。故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有几条信息进来了，一条想要更多的照片，另一条请求降价。A. fees 费用；
B. photos 照片；C. receipts 收据；D. models 模型。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase”及“additional”可
推知，此处指有人索要更多照片。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着搬家日的临近，我确定了一个新的价格（0 美元）并重新发布了它。A.
move 搬家；B. pay 支付；C. market 市场；D. work 工作。根据前文搬家背景及下文“day drew near”可推
知，此处指搬家日临近。故选A。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：描述：“我讨厌这个花瓶。也许你不会。”A. warning 警告；B. request 请
求；C. description 描述；D. reply 回复。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase and posted it online”以及下文
“I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.”可推知，此处指是重新发布的对花瓶的描述。故选C。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到鼓励，我发布了更多。A. Confused 困惑的；B. Interested 感兴趣的；
C. Disappointed 失望的；D. Encouraged 受鼓励的。根据上文“In an instant, a woman raced into my house
and left happily with the vase.”以及作者后文持续发帖的行为，可推知，此处指作者受到鼓舞。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我每天收到的帖子和来我家里的拜访，在我混乱的房子里变成了一束珍贵
的光芒。A. visits 拜访；B. reports 报告；C. advice 建议；D. money 钱。根据上文“In an instant, a woman
raced into my house”以及“My daily posts”和后文的互动，可推知，此处指去作者家里拜访。故选A。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原
本可能不会遇到的人。A. remove 移除；B. spare 省得；免去；C. find 发现；D. check 检查。根据上文语
境以及下文“the landfill”可推知，此处指作者用免费赠送旧物来代替丢掉旧物垃圾填埋，此处spare 引申为
“免去”表示免得去垃圾填埋场丢东西。故选B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原
本可能不会遇到的人。A. investigated 调查；B. recognized 认出；C. encountered 遇见；D. recommended
推荐。根据上文“another person I might not otherwise”可推知，此处指免费赠送旧物让原本不会遇见的人感
到高兴。故选C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天我坐在我的公寓里，爱着我们小空间里的每一件所有物。A.
giveaways 赠品；B. posts 帖子；C. contributions 贡献；D. belongings 所有物。结合语境，再根据上文“I
sit in my apartment today”以及下文“share our small space”可推知，此处指现在拥有的物品。故选D。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，
我感到很快乐。A. joy 快乐；B. part 部分；C. care 关心；D. time 时间。结合语境，再根据上文“loving
each of the 13 that share our small space.”以及下文“in knowing that, somewhere nearby”可推知，此处指作
者免费赠送旧物，也从中获得了快乐。故选A。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，
我感到很快乐。A. anticipating 期待；B. appreciating 欣赏；C. delivering 递送；D. withdrawing 撤回。根
据上文“I take 13 in knowing that, somewhere nearby”以及下文“something that couldn’t come with us”可
推知，此处指他人在欣赏这些作者带不走的，赠予的物品。故选B。
C
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整
的短文。
My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small gathering in the
early summer. She had prepared lots of snacks, while my job was to have the backyard in order.
There was plenty of space for the kids to run and play. There was just one thing I hadn’t counted on: My
brother chose to bring his dog Toby, a 50-pound ball of fire. Though friendly, he could easily knock over my niece’s
small boys and my six-month-old granddaughter. So, when my brother showed up, I asked him to watch Toby and
keep him outside.
My plan was working out just fine. Toby was using up his energy by running back and forth in the backyard
and giving the kids plenty of room. Unexpectedly, after supper, the weather changed. It started to rain and everyone
went indoors.
It was an awkward moment. I didn’t want Toby to be running around in the house, and my brother wasn’t
happy with driving home with a wet dog. Eventually, my brother decided to leave rather than force the issue.
A few days passed, and I hadn’t heard anything from my brother. I texted him and expressed wishes for him
to come out again. His reply came as a surprise — a shock, actually: “Not a chance.” Clearly, he was unhappy over
the way we had parted. After all, I had left him little choice. Well, he’ll get over it, I reasoned.
Two months passed. My wife suggested I get in touch with my brother, but I resisted, thinking he should call
first. However, my conscience (良心) kept bothering me. I tried to put myself in my brother’s shoes. He was facing
health issues and his wife of thirty-five years had passed away a few months earlier. Toby was his constant
companion, the one who kept him going.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150 个左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I realized it was me who was at fault.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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With the biscuits my wife had made, I arrived at my brother’s door.
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【答案】One possible version:
I realized it was me who was at fault. I had been so focused on keeping the party under control that I failed to
consider how important Toby was to my brother during this difficult time. My pride had kept me from reaching out,
and now months had passed without a proper conversation. One evening, I picked up the phone and left him a voice
message, apologizing for my behavior and asking if we could meet. To my relief, he called back the next day, and
we agreed to get together soon.
With the biscuits my wife had made, I arrived at my brother’s door. He opened it with a surprised smile, and
for a moment, neither of us spoke. Then we hugged — something we hadn’t done since before his wife passed
away. We sat on the porch with Toby resting beside us, and I handed him the box of biscuits. “Thank you,” he said
quietly. We talked for hours, laughing, remembering old times, and slowly rebuilding what had been lost. As I
watched Toby gently rest his head on my brother’s leg, I knew we were finally on the path to healing.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者因担心弟弟的狗Toby 影响聚会，要求弟弟看好狗，后因天气
变化导致弟弟提前离开并心生芥蒂。两个月后作者意识到自己的过错，主动带着妻子做的饼干登门道歉，
最终兄弟俩和解的故事，展现了亲情中理解与包容的重要性。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我意识到是我错了。” 可知，第一段可描写作者反思自己在聚会上只顾控制局面，
忽视了Toby 对弟弟的重要性，因骄傲迟迟未联系弟弟，最终通过电话留言道歉并约定见面。
②由第二段首句内容“带着妻子做的饼干，我来到了弟弟家门口。”可知，第二段可描写弟弟开门时的惊
讶与沉默，兄弟俩拥抱和解，坐在门廊上谈心，看着Toby 依偎在弟弟腿边，明白亲情修复的意义。
2. 续写线索：反思过错——电话留言道歉——约定见面——带饼干登门——拥抱沉默——谈心和解——领
悟亲情
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①道歉：apologize/say sorry/make an apology
②拥抱：hug/embrace
③重建：rebuild/restore/reconstruct
情绪类：
①宽慰：relief/comfort/satisfaction/ease
②惊讶：surprised /shocked/astonished
【点睛】[高分句型1] I had been so focused on keeping the party under control that I failed to consider how
important Toby was to my brother during this difficult time.（运用了“so...that...”引导结果状语从句以及how 引
导宾语从句）
[高分句型2] One evening, I picked up the phone and left him a voice message, apologizing for my behavior and
asking if we could meet.（运用了现在分词短语作状语以及if 引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型 3] As I watched Toby gently rest his head on my brother’s leg, I knew we were finally on the path to
healing.（运用了as 引导时间状语从句以及省略that 的宾语从句）
