第04 讲 外研版2019 选修一~选修二词汇
目录
01 课标达标练
【题型一】易考单词变形
【题型二】核心单词拼写
【题型三】重点短语词组
02 核心突破练
【题型一】阅读词汇和短语
【题型二】完形词汇和短语
【题型三】语法填空词汇和短语
03 高考溯源练
01 课标达标练
题型一 易考单词变形
1． (compose) often write music in various ways to express their artistic ideas and emotions.
【答案】Composers
【详解】考查名词。句意：作曲家经常用各种方式创作音乐来表达他们的艺术理念和情感。空处需用名词
作主语；根据句意可知，此处表示“作曲家”，其英文为composer，此处表示泛指，结合谓语动词write
可知，空处名词需用复数形式，句首首字母需大写。 故填Composers。
2．Innovation in teaching methods is (essence) to meet the diverse learning needs of students.
【答案】essential
【详解】考查形容词。句意：教学方法的创新对于满足学生多样化的学习需求是至关重要的。空处作表语，
需用形容词essential。故填essential。
3．The ability to make the proper (adjust) made him successful.
【答案】adjustment
【详解】考查名词。句意：做出适当调整的能力使他获得了成功。根据“make the proper”可知，此处需要
用名词adjustment 来表示“调整”，作宾语。故填adjustment。
4．You can put an (advertise) in the local paper to sell your car.
【答案】advertisement
【详解】考查名词。句意：你可以在当地的报纸上登一个广告来出售你的车。此处为名词作宾语，
advertise 的名词advertisement 意为“广告”，且空前有不定冠词an，所以此处使用名词单数形式。故填
advertisement。
5．We would be (delight) if you could join us and share the joy.
【答案】delighted
【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你能加入我们并分享快乐，我们将感到非常高兴。 根据空前“We
would be”可知，空处需用形容词作表语，表示主语的状态；delight 的形容词为delighted，意为“高兴的，
欣喜的”，符合语境。故填delighted。
6．His (gentle) made all his children live happily.
【答案】gentleness
【详解】考查名词。句意：他的温柔使他所有的孩子都生活得很幸福。空处作主语，前面有形容词性物主
代词修饰，应填名词形式，故填gentleness。
7．Running a marathon requires incredible physical and mental (endure) to push through the pain
and fatigue. (所给词的的适当形式填空)
【答案】endurance
【详解】考查名词。句意：跑马拉松需要难以置信的身体和精神耐力来克服疼痛和疲劳。空格前为形容词
“physical and mental”，需填入名词作宾语。“endure”的名词形式是“endurance”，意为“耐力”，满足句
意要求。故填endurance。
8．However, it is important that we (should) not lose the (enthusiastic) to keep on trying.
【答案】enthusiasm
【详解】考查名词。句意：然而，重要的是我们不能失去继续尝试的热情。设空处位于定冠词the 后，应
填名词作lose 的宾语，enthusiastic 是形容词，意为“热情的”，其名词形式是enthusiasm，表示“热情”，
符合语境。故填enthusiasm。
9．Her (remark) achievement earned her a scholarship to the famous university.
【答案】remarkable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她引人瞩目的成就为她赢得了这所著名大学的奖学金。achievement 为名词，
需要用形容词来修饰，remark 为名词或动词，需用其形容词形式用于描述成就的性质特点。故填
remarkable。
10．Supported by the enthusiastic hosts, Allen won the silver medal out of (expect).
【答案】expectation
【详解】考查名词。句意：在热情的东道主的支持下，Allen 出乎意料地获得了银牌。根据空前介词out of
可知，空处需填所给词的名词形式expectation 作宾语，out of expectation 为固定短语，意为“出乎意料”。
故填expectation。
11．To our surprise, he is in (associate) with a murder case.
【答案】association
【详解】考查名词。句意：令我们惊讶的是，他与一起谋杀案有关。根据空前介词in 可知，空处应填名词，
作宾语，associate 为动词，意为“联系”，其名词为association，意为“关联；关系”，并构成短语in
association with...，意为“与……有关联”。故填association。
12．Like his father, basketball star Dell Curry, Stephen spent many childhood hours playing on this
(mud) basketball court.
【答案】muddy
【详解】考查形容词。句意：和他的父亲、篮球明星戴尔·库里一样，斯蒂芬在这个泥泞的篮球场度过了许
多童年时光。名词basketball court.前用形容词修饰。mud 的形容词形式为muddy，表示“泥泞的”。故填
muddy。
13．If you take this (assign), take it seriously and read the instructions.
【答案】assignment
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你接受了这个任务，请认真对待并阅读说明。此处为名词作宾语，assign
的名词为assignment 意为“任务”，空前有this 修饰限制，所以此处使用名词单数形式。故填assignment。
14．The doctor is in a (surgery) ward.
【答案】surgical
【详解】考查形容词。句意：医生在外科病房。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词ward，surgery 的形容词
surgical 意为“外科的”符合句意。故填surgical。
15．Not only can this event open student’s eyes , but also develop our (innovate) hand-on ability.
【答案】innovative
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这次活动不仅开阔了学生们的眼界，也培养了我们创新的动手能力。空处修
饰名词ability，应填形容词作定语，故填innovative。
16．As is often the case, we can’t take some Chinese idioms (literal) because they have deeper
meanings.
【答案】literally
【详解】考查副词。句意：通常情况下，我们不能从字面上理解一些中国成语，因为它们有更深的含义。
空处修饰空前的动词take，用副词修饰。故填literally。
17．Computer security systems will be designed by independent (technology).
【答案】technicians
【详解】考查名词。句意：计算机安全系统将由独立的技术人员设计。提示词作介词宾语，根据句意，表
示“技术人员”，用同根可数名词technician，结合常识，计算机安全系统设计技术人员有很多，用复数形
式。故填technicians。
18．When I thought of the brave young man, I became very (inspire).
【答案】inspired
【详解】考查形容词。句意：当我想到那个勇敢的年轻人时，我感到非常受鼓舞。此处需填形容词作表语，
inspire 的形容词是inspired，意为“受鼓舞的”。故填inspired。
19．This is not (surprise), because there are different sources of information, analysis methods and
positions.
【答案】surprising
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这并不令人惊讶，因为信息来源、分析方法和立场各不相同。形容词
surprising 表示“令人惊讶的”作表语。故填surprising。
20．Parents put the books on the bottom shelf so that they were (access) to their kids.
【答案】accessible
【详解】考查形容词。句意：父母把书放在最底层的书架上，这样孩子们就能拿得到。be accessible to 表
示“能够接近的”。形容词作表语，故填accessible。
21．Mozi, whose (believe) were in some ways similar to those of Confucius, spent many years trying
to find a state where people would follow his teachings.
【答案】beliefs
【详解】考查名词。句意：墨子的信仰在某些方面与孔子相似，他花了很多年的时间试图找到一个人们会
遵循他的教导的国家。此处使用名词belief“信仰”，结合空后的were 可知，应用名词复数形式，作主语。
故填beliefs。
22．Long-lasting friendships share the (character) that both sides equally contact and share with one
another.
【答案】characteristic
【详解】考查名词。句意：持久的友谊具有双方平等接触和分享的特点。名词characteristic (特征、特点)作
宾语，单数含义。故填characteristic。
23．There is little doubt that things will improve in the not too (distance) future.
【答案】distant
【详解】考查形容词。句意：毫无疑问，在不太遥远的将来，情况会有所改善。空处作修饰future 的定语，
应用distance 的形容词形式distant，意为“遥远的”。故填distant。
24．They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business (legend).
【答案】legends
【详解】考查名词单复数。句意：他们起初是一个小有成就的音乐组合，到年底时发展为商业表演的传奇。
复数名词legends 作宾语。故填legends。
25．We’ll explore new methods of income (generate)．
【答案】generation
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们将探索新的创收方法。作介词的宾语，应用名词generation。故填
generation。
26．If you have a (prefer) for something, you would like to have or do that thing rather than something
else.
【答案】preference
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你对某事有偏好，你更喜欢拥有或做这件事，而不是其他事情。该空需要
一个名词作宾语，提示词prefer 为动词，其名词形式拼写为preference，短语have a preference for sth.意为
“对某事/物有偏爱，偏爱某事/物”。故填preference。
27．The company is now hiring keyboard (operate) to input data into the system.
【答案】operators
【详解】考查名词。句意：该公司目前正在招聘键盘操作员，将数据输入系统。本空作hiring 的宾语，用
表示人的名词operator“操作员”，此处表示不止一个操作员，用复数形式。故填operators。
28．The (apply) has experience in teaching and, more relevantly, in industry.
【答案】applicant
【详解】考查名词。句意：申请人有教学经验，更相关的是，有行业经验。空处作主语，应用名词形式
“申请人”应用applicant，结合谓语动词has 可知，主语为单数。故填applicant。
29．The progress, albeit slow, was (stead) advancing towards the ultimate goal, much to the
satisfaction of the overseeing supervisor.
【答案】steadily
【详解】考查副词。句意：尽管进展缓慢，但正稳步朝着最终目标推进，这让负责监督的主管很是满意。
此处需要一个副词来修饰动词“advancing”，“stead”是名词，意为“代替；用处”等，其形容词形式
“steady”表示“稳定的，稳步的”，副词形式 “steadily”表示“稳定地，稳步地”，在句中强调尽管进展
缓慢，但正稳步朝着最终目标推进，符合语境要求。故填steadily。
30．The nature of the contract terms, which allows for adjustments and compromises, was a key and
decisive point in the complex business deal. (negotiate)
【答案】negotiable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：合同条款的可谈判性，允许调整和妥协，是复杂商业交易中的关键和决定性
因素。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词nature。所给词negotiate 的形容词形式negotiable 意为“可协商的，
可讨论的”，符合句意。故填negotiable。
31．Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive and he paid us back by his
(commit) to saving us from a slow but painful death.
【答案】commitment
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任帮助我们坚持活了下去，而且他用他的承诺回
报我们，把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中解救出来。his 是形容词性物主代词，因此空格处是名词，作介词
by 的宾语。commit 的名词是commitment，是不可数名词。故填commitment。
32．There are certain products and services that are very (suit) for selling online.
【答案】suitable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：有些产品和服务非常适合在网上销售。根据are 可知，此处应用形容词
suitable 表示“适合的”作表语。故填suitable。
33．She was over the age limit and, (consequent), her application was rejected.
【答案】consequently
【详解】考查副词。句意：她超过了年龄限制，因此她的申请被拒绝了。分析句子可知，此处需要一填个
副词作状语，修饰整个句子。所给的形容词 “consequent” 的副词形式是“consequently”。故填
consequently。
34．Her daughter is not mature enough, so she doesn’t give (approve) to her daughter going out at night.
【答案】approval
【详解】考查名词。句意：她的女儿还不够成熟，所以她不同意女儿晚上外出。本空作动词give 的宾语，
应用名词，approve 的名词形式为approval，意为“同意，批准”，故填approval。
35．He called and called but no one came to his (assist).
【答案】assistance
【详解】考查名词。句意：他叫了又叫，但没有人来帮助他。his 后跟名词，空格处意为“帮助”，名词是
assistance，是不可数名词，come to one’s assistance“来帮助某人”为固定搭配。故填assistance。
36．When in low spirits, we may cry out for things giving us comfort and a sense of (secure).
【答案】security
【详解】考查名词。句意：情绪低落时，我们可能会渴望得到能给我们带来安慰和安全感的东西。空处需
用名词作介词of 的宾语，secure 的名词形式为security“安全”，a sense of security“安全感”。故填
security。
37．That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short, he’s (rely).
【答案】reliable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：那个年轻人诚实、合作，当你需要他的帮助时，他总是在那里。简而言之，
他是可靠的。空格处需填入形容词形式作表语。动词rely 的形容词形式为reliable。故填reliable。
38．In the highly competitive business world, companies must (constant) innovate and adapt to
the ever-changing market demands. Those that fail to do so will gradually lose their competitive edge and
eventually be left behind.
【答案】constantly
【详解】考查副词。句意：在竞争极为激烈的商业世界中，企业必须不断地创新并适应不断变化的市场需
求。那些做不到这一点的企业将会逐渐失去竞争优势，最终被淘汰。此处需要一个副词来修饰动词
“innovate”，“constant”是形容词，意为“持续的，不断的”，其副词形式“constantly”表示“不断地，经
常地”，符合语境要求。故填constantly。
39．He took a short leave of absence to attend to (person) business.
【答案】personal
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他请了短暂的假去处理私人事务。修饰名词business，应用形容词personal，
作定语。故填personal。
40．Try to view situations (objective), especially, with regard to work.
【答案】more objectively
【详解】考查副词。句意：试着更客观地看待情况，尤其是在工作方面。修饰动词view 应用副词
objectively，此处表示“更加客观”应用比较级，在前面加more。故填more objectively。
41．He explained his (intend) to pursue a career in medicine to his supportive parents.
【答案】intention
【详解】考查名词。句意：他向支持他的父母解释了自己打算从事医学职业的意图。本空作explained 的宾
语，用名词intention“意图”，根据to pursue a career in medicine 可知，此处指他打算从事医学职业的意图，
用单数形式。故填intention。
42．It seems incredible to me that the question of how to arrange books on (shelf) could cause a lively
online discussion.
【答案】shelves
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：对我来说，如何摆放书架的问题在网上引起了热烈的讨论，这似乎是不可
思议的。shelf 是可数名词，此处表示泛指“书架”，不止一个书架，应用其复数形式，作宾语。故填
shelves。
43．You can feel an (emotion) connection between you and the musicians.
【答案】emotional
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你能够感受到自己与这些音乐家之间存在着一种情感上的联系。修饰名词
connection 用形容词emotional，作定语。故填emotional。
44．Vocational education generally prepares people to work in a specific (occupy) by teaching theory in the
classroom.
【答案】occupation
【详解】考查名词。句意：职业教育通常通过在课堂上教授理论，使人们为从事特定职业做好准备。本空
作in 的宾语，应填名词occupation“职业”，根据空前的a 可知，用单数形式。故填occupation。
45．I’d also like to draw your attention to the (economy) benefits factories have brought to Norgate.
【答案】economic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我还想让你们注意到工厂给诺盖特带来的经济利益。提示词修饰名词
benefits(利益)，用形容词economic 作定语，表示“经济的”。故填economic。
46．Being a (journal), Tom has always had a nose for good stories and does well in his work.
【答案】journalist
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名记者，汤姆总是对好故事有敏锐的嗅觉，他的工作做得很好。空处应
填表示人的名词作表语，journal 的名词形式journalist“记者”符合题意，且空前有不定冠词a，journalist 应
用单数形式。故填journalist。
47．No one will put a figure on the final cost of this (reconstruct).
【答案】reconstruction
【详解】考查名词。句意：没有人会给出这次重建的最终费用。介词of 后接名词作宾语。reconstruct 的名
词形式为reconstruction，表示“重建”之意。故填reconstruction。
48．China is now taking measures to address climate change, aiming to promote a (harmony)
relationship between man and nature and advocate a moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle.
【答案】harmonious
【详解】考查形容词。句意：中国目前正采取措施应对气候变化，旨在促进人与自然的和谐共处，并倡导
一种适度、绿色和低碳的生活方式。修饰名词relationship 应用形容词harmonious，作定语。故填
harmonious。
49．Cobby’s air travel decreased by 75% and she thought it was fairly (reward), a really positive
change.
【答案】rewarding
【详解】考查形容词。句意：Cobby 的航空旅行减少了75%，她认为这是相当值得的，一个真正积极的变
化。空格处需要填一个形容词作表语，描述主语“it（指代前面提到的航空旅行减少这件事）”的性质或
特征。所给词reward 的形容词形式rewarding 表示 “值得的；有益的”，符合语境。故填rewarding。
50．She greeted everyone with an (infect) smile that instantly lifted the mood in the room.
【答案】infectious
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她带着极具感染力的笑容向大家打招呼，这一笑容立刻让房间里的气氛变得
欢快起来。修饰名词smile 用形容词infectious，作定语。故填infectious。
51．It is said that several (special) will come to assess the project.
【答案】specialists
【详解】考查名词。句意：据说将有几位专家来评估这个项目。由several 修饰，用可数名词specialist“专
家”的复数形式在that 引导的主语从句中作主语。故填specialists。
52．In 2024, she was selected by the BBC as one of the most (influence) figures of science in the 20th
century.
【答案】influential
【详解】考查形容词。句意：2024 年，她被英国广播公司（BBC）选为20 世纪最具影响力的科学人物之
一。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，influential。表“有很大影响（力）的”，为
形容词，符合语境。故填influential。
53．The government has established several natural reserves to safeguard the (endanger) wild
animals from poachers and habitat loss.
【答案】endangered
【详解】考查形容词。句意：政府已经建立了多个自然保护区，以保护濒危野生动物免受偷猎者和栖息地
丧失的威胁。此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词短语wild animals，endanger 的形容词形式为endangered 意为
“濒危的”，符合句意。故填endangered。
54．The scientists handled the (explode) materials with extreme caution during the experiment.
【答案】explosive
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在实验过程中，科学家们对爆炸物的处理极为谨慎。空处应用形容词，作定
语修饰名词“materials”，explosive 为形容词，表示“易爆的、爆炸性的”，符合句意。故填explosive。
55．The (compare) of various study methods allowed students to identify the most affective strategies for
their learning styles.
【答案】comparison
【详解】考查名词。句意：对各种学习方法的比较使学生能够确定最适合他们学习风格的有效策略。
compare 是动词，其名词形式为comparison，意为“比较”，在此处作主语。故填comparison。
56．You will have to work out (month) budgets, and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal.
【答案】monthly
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你们需要制定每月的预算计划，一旦做出错误的决定，可能会给公司带来巨
大的损失。修饰名词budgets 用形容词monthly，故填monthly。
57．Wouldn’t it be kind of (greed) to focus on money and fame rather than on something more
meaningful?
【答案】greedy
【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果只关注金钱和名利，而不去关注更有意义的事情，这难道不是一种贪婪
吗？空处作表语，需用形容词greedy，意为“贪婪的”。故填greedy。
58．As far as I know, these effective measures can prevent illegal (consume) of these products.
【答案】consumption
【详解】考查名词。句意：据我所知，这些有效措施可以防止这些产品的非法消费。空白处在句子中作宾
语，应该填consume 的名词形式consumption，consumption 是抽象名词，不可数。故填consumption。
59．As a matter of fact, what matters in our life is that we should keep (optimism) no matter what
happens.
【答案】optimistic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：事实上，在我们的生活中，重要的是无论发生什么，我们都应该保持乐观。
系动词keep 后接形容词作表语。optimism 的形容词形式为optimistic，表示“乐观的”。故填optimistic。
60．Alice Brown was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students’ (react) was quick and
correct — they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks.
【答案】reaction
【详解】考查名词。句意：当地板开始摇晃时，爱丽丝·布朗正在教书。她的学生们的反应是迅速而正确的
——他们移动到课桌下面，头朝前，抓住课桌腿。此处作主语应用名词reaction 表示“反应”。故填
reaction。
题型二 核心单词拼写
61．He is very tall and can be easily (看见；发现) in the crowd.
【答案】spotted
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：他很高，在人群中很容易被发现。根据汉语提示“看见；发现”可知，应
填动词spot，与主语he 是动宾关系，故用被动语态，结合空前的can be 可知，空处填过去分词形式，构成
含有情态动词的被动语态。故填spotted。
62．At the height of his (名声), his every word was valued.
【答案】fame
【详解】考查名词。句意：在他声名鼎盛之时，他的每一句话都受到重视。根据汉语提示“名声”可知，
空处需要名词fame“名声”作介词of 的宾语。fame 为不可数名词。故填fame。
63．The students were (热情的) about the upcoming science fair, spending weeks preparing their
innovative projects.
【答案】enthusiastic/passionate
【详解】考查形容词。句意：学生们对即将到来的科学展览会热情高涨，花了数周时间准备他们的创新项
目。空处需填形容词作表语，enthusiastic/passionate 表示 “热情的”符合题意。be enthusiastice/passionate
about“对……充满热情”。故填enthusiastic。
64．In response to your complaint, the shop said they would replace the television if it was still under
(保修).
【答案】guarantee/warranty
【详解】考查名词。句意：针对你的投诉，商店表示如果电视机仍在保修期内，他们将予以更换。根据句
子结构可知，此处需要填入一个名词作介词under 的宾语，根据提示的汉语可知，表示“保修”为
guarantee/warranty，under guarantee/warranty 为固定短语，意为“在保修期内”，符合语意。故填
guarantee/warranty。
65．When you (变锋利) a pencil, you make chips.
【答案】sharpen
【详解】考查动词。句意：当你削铅笔的时候，你会削出碎片。表示“变锋利”使用动词sharpen，此处是
描述一般性事实，使用一般现在时，主语是you，谓语动词使用原形。故填sharpen。
66． (代表) our school at the international event is an honor for me.
【答案】Representing
【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：代表我们学校参加国际活动对我来说是一种荣幸。“代表”在这里是
个动词，可以使用represent，分析句子结构，发现“代表”是主语，应该使用动名词形式。还要注意首字
母大写。故答案是Representing。
67．His paintings are (抽象的).
【答案】abstract
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的画是抽象的。此处为形容词作表语，根据汉语提示可知，应用形容词
abstract 表示“抽象的”。故填abstract。
68．These (民间的) stories have been passed down from generation to generation in this small village.
【答案】folk
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些民间故事在这个小村庄里代代相传。空处用于名词stories 之前，应用形
容词folk 作定语。故填folk。
69．Policemen can find the same or similar DNA to track down (嫌疑人) and victims.
【答案】suspects
【详解】考查名词。句意：警察可以找到相同或相似的DNA 来追踪嫌疑人和受害者。“嫌疑人”作宾语，
用名词suspect，根据并列宾语victims 可推知，不是特指某一个嫌疑人或者受害者，要用复数形式表泛指。
故填suspects。
70．These (原始的) artworks offer us a glimpse into the creativity of early civilizations.
【答案】primitive
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些原始的艺术品让我们得以一窥早期文明的创造力。根据汉语提示“原始
的” 可知，此处应用形容词primitive，作前置定语，修饰名词artworks。故填primitive。
71．Today, Guangzhou's restaurants stimulate customers’ appetite with over a thousand offerings, each
(精致的，精细的) and delicious than the last.
【答案】more delicate
【详解】考查形容词及形容词比较级。句意：如今，广州的餐厅以逾千种菜品刺激食客的胃口，每一道都
比上一道更精致美味。根据汉语提示“精致的，精细的”以及空后的衔接词and 和形容词 delicious 可知
填入形容词。在英语中，“精致的，精细的”可以翻译为“delicate”。句子中使用了比较结构“than the
last”，因此需要填入“delicate”的比较级形式 more delicate。故填more delicate。
72．Every year, millions of visitors are attracted to this beautiful costal city to enjoy the natural (风景)
and delicious seafood.
【答案】scenery
【详解】考查名词。句意：每年，数百万游客被吸引到这座美丽的海滨城市，享受自然风景和美味的海鲜。
根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“风景”应用scenery，为不可数名词，在本句中作宾语。故填scenery。
73．On the whole, people miss the opportunity to enjoy (空闲，闲暇).
【答案】leisure
【详解】考查名词。句意：总的来说，人们错过享受空闲的机会。“空闲，闲暇”leisure，名词作enjoy 的
宾语，为不可数名词。故填leisure。
74．There are also many poems written from a child’s perspective, in which the poet Tagore shows (同
情) for children’s feelings.
【答案】sympathy
【详解】考查名词。句意：还有许多以儿童视角创作的诗歌，泰戈尔在这些诗歌中表达了对儿童情感的同
情。在in which 引导的非限制性定语从句中，shows 是谓语动词，其后的空要用名词作宾语。“同情”的
英语是sympathy，是不可数名词，没有单复数的变化。故填sympathy。
75．It took him a lot of energy to move all the items of (家具) inside the house.
【答案】furniture
【详解】考查名词。句意：搬动房子里所有的家具花了他很大的精力。介词of 后接名词形式，名词“家
具”英文为furniture，是不可数名词，作宾语。故填furniture。
76．Our findings have far-reaching c (后果) for researchers. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】consequences/onsequences
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的发现对研究人员有深远的后果。此处为名词作宾语，根据汉语提示“后
果”及首字母“c”可知，应为名词consequence，且为可数名词，结合语境，研究发现的后果通常不止一个，
所以此处应用复数形式consequences。故填consequences。
77．The automobile mechanic (评估) that repairing the vehicle would cost around $500.
【答案】estimated
【详解】考查动词。句意：汽车修理工估计修理这辆车大约要花500 美元。根据汉语提示“评估”可知，
此处应用动词estimate，结合would cost 判断，主句描述过去的事情，时态为一般过去时，谓语用过去式。
故填estimated。
78．We must only do things that are (合法) in society.
【答案】legal
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们只能做在社会上合法的事情。根据汉语提示“合法”可知，此处为形容
词legal，作表语。故填legal。
79．Before signing the contract, I asked the lawyer to have legal terms (阐明) to avoid
misunderstandings.
【答案】clarified
【详解】考查动词。句意：在签署合同之前，我请律师对合同中的法律条款进行了详细解释，以避免产生
误解。根据汉语提示可知用动词clarify，且与宾语legal terms 构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补，构成
结构：have + 宾语 + 过去分词（have sth. done），表示“让他人完成某事”。故填clarified。
80．The art exhibition provided a (视觉的) feast for the visitors, with a wide range of paintings and
sculptures on display.
【答案】visual
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这场艺术展览展出了各种各样的绘画和雕像，为游客提供了一场视觉盛宴。
根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应用形容词visual 作定语，修饰名词feature，故填visual。
题型三 重点短语词组
81．在我看来，拥有健康的饮食习惯会对我们的健康有益。
, good healthy eating habits will our
health.
【答案】 In my opinion having be good for
【详解】考查固定短语和动名词作主语。根据句意，第一、二、三空表示“在我看来”为固定短语in my
opinion，位于句首单词首字母需大写，所以第一、二、三空填In my opinion；第四空表示“拥有”为
have，此处为非谓语动词作主语，表示一般性动作，所以使用动名词having 作主语，所以第四空为
having；第五、六、七空表示“对……有益”为固定短语be good for，所以第五、六、七空填be good for。
故填①In
my
opinion
having
be
good
for
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
。
82．如你所见，我能在这里讲故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。
you can see, the reason I’m here to tell the story is that I
.
【答案】 As why made the right decision
【详解】考查定语从句和动词短语。对比中英文可知，第一空表示“如”，应用as 引导非限制性定语从句，
指代后面的整个主句，句首单词的首字母需大写；第二空应用关系副词why 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先
行词the reason，表示“……的原因”；第三至六空表示“做了正确的决定”，可用动词短语make the right
decision，且描述的是过去发生的事，时态应用一般过去时。故填①As；②why；③made；④the；
⑤right；⑥decision。
83．人们缺乏睡眠时往往容易感到疲倦。
People tired easily when they lack sleep.
【答案】 tend to feel
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“往往”应用tend to do sth.，为固定短语，句子陈述的是客观事实，
应用一般现在时，主语People 为集合名词，谓语动词用原形；表示“感到”应用feel，此处使用动词原形。
故填tend to feel。
84．史密斯太太发现很难清理残局，因为每当她想收拾时，她的孩子们总是碍手碍脚。
Mrs. Smith finds it hard the mess, as her children are always in the way whenever she
tries to.
【答案】 to clear up
【详解】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“清理”，用动词短语clear up。此处需要动词
不定式作真正的宾语，因为it 为形式宾语，构成“find it +adj.+to do sth.”的结构。故填①to
clear
up
②
③
。
85．乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从自己的失败中吸取教训。
Jordan says that the secret to his success is .
【答案】 learning from his/the failures
【详解】考查动词短语。“从……中吸取教训”使用动词短语learn from，“失败”使用名词复数
failures，此处使用现在分词作表语，强调状态的主动性和持续性，故填①learning②from③his/
the④failures。
86．如果你真的想要和他们保持联系，将他们添加到你实际关注的微博列表中。
If you really want to them, add them to the Weibo list you actually
follow.
【答案】 keep in touch with
【详解】考查动词短语。“和……保持联系”可使用动词短语“keep in touch with”，to 后跟动词原形构成
动词不定式作want 宾语。故填①keep；②in；③touch；④with。
87． a position in a remote rural school is a great honor.
能在偏远的农村学校任职是一种荣幸。
【答案】 Taking up
【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。对比中英文可知，空处和空后的a position 搭配，表示“任职”，可
用动词短语take up 表示“开始从事，开始担当”，且空处是作主语，表示经常性、习惯性的动作，take 应
用动名词的形式，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Taking up。
88．正如我们所知道的那样，剪纸是一种传统的中国艺术。
, paper-cutting is a kind of traditional Chinese
art.
【答案】 As we all know
【详解】考查定语从句。根据句中is 可知，本句陈述事实，使用一般现在时，“正如我们所知道的那样”
使用as 引导的非限制性定语从句as we all know，as 置于句首，首字母大写。故填As we all know。
89． , I attach more great importance to self-reflection in life and work.
随着时间的推移，我更加重视在生活及工作中进行自我反思。
【答案】As time goes by
【详解】考查时间状语从句。根据句意，表示“随着”可用连词as，引导时间状语从句，位于句首，首字
母需大写；表示“时间”应用名词time，作时间状语从句的主语；表示“推移；流逝”可用动词短语go
by，作时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词attach 可知，主句时态为一般现在时，主从句时态保
持基本一致，故时间状语从句也用一般现在时，从句主语为time，为第三人称单数形式，故从句谓语动词
也应用第三人称单数形式。故填As time goes by。
90．这部新剧由四个部分组成，每个部分都很精彩。
The new play , each of which is very fascinating.
【答案】consists of/is made up of/is composed of four parts
【详解】考查动词短语、时态、语态和主谓一致。根据从句中的“is”和句意可知，主句“这部新剧由四个
部分组成”为一般现在时，表示客观事实；动词短语consist of/be made up of/be composed of 表示“由……
组成”，主语是“The new play”，谓语为单数。故填consists of/is made up of/is composed of four parts。
91．他每天致力于努力学习，以实现成为一名医生的梦想
He himself studying hard everyday in order to achieve his dream of becoming a doctor.
【答案】 devotes to
【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意可知，空处需要补全“致力于”，可用动词短语devote oneself to，to 为
介词。根据时间状语everyday 可知，句子为一般现在时态，主语为第三人称单数形式，谓语动词devote 用
第三人称单数形式。故填①devotes
to
②。
92．We can’t always our parents for help.
我们不能总是依赖父母来帮忙。
【答案】 rely on
【详解】考查动词短语。表示“依靠，依赖”短语为rely on，情态动词“can’t”后接动词原形。故填rely
on。
93．They stay at home.
他们宁愿去钓鱼，也不愿待在家里。
【答案】would rather go fishing than
【详解】考查固定句型。表示“去钓鱼”用go fishing。表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”应该用固定句型
would rather do sth. than do sth.。故填would rather go fishing than。
94．很明显，这些不良的习惯对我们的健康有害。
It’s these bad to our health.
【答案】 obvious that habits are harmful
【详解】考查形容词、固定句式、固定短语、时态及主谓一致。根据汉语提示可知，第一空和第二空表示
“很明显”，应用固定句型“It’s obvious that...”，其中It 为形式主语，that 引导的从句为真正的主语，
obvious 为形容词，意为“明显的”；第三空表示“习惯”，应用名词habit，由these 可知，habit 应用复数
形式habits；第四空和第五空表示“对……有害”，应用固定短语“be harmful to”，由语境可知，句子陈述
的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语habits 为复数形式，be 动词应用are。故填①obvious
that
habits
②
③
are
harmful
④
⑤
。
95．It is a waste of time .
试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。
【答案】trying to persuade him to change his mind
【详解】考查固定短语和固定句型。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定句型“It is a waste of time doing sth.”，
意为“做某事是浪费时间”，“It”作形式主语，真正的主语为“doing sth.”，表示“试图做某事”用动词短
语“try to do sth.”，“说服某人做某事”用动词短语“persuade sb. to do sth.”，表示“改变某人的主意”用
动词短语“change one’s mind”，结合句意可知用“change his mind”表示“改变他的主意”，故用“trying to
persuade him to change his mind”表示“试图说服他改变主意”。故填trying to persuade him to change his
mind。
96．不要认为父母原谅你是理所当然的事。
Don’t that your parents will excuse you.
【答案】 take it for granted
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，此处表示“认为……理所当然”为固定短语take it for granted that...，
此处为it 作形式宾语，that 从句引导的宾语从句作真正宾语。故填①take
it
for
granted
②③
④
。
97．欢迎大家来到这里。我代表学校向大家表示最真诚的欢迎。
We are very excited to have you here and my school, I extend our most sincere welcome
to you.
【答案】 on behalf of
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，此处表示“代表”为固定短语on behalf of。故填①on
behalf
of
②
③
。
98．即使他们做爆米花的第一次尝试失败了，他们仍然没有灰心。
their first attempt to make popcorn ended in failure, they still didn’t lose heart.
【答案】 Even if/though
【详解】考查让步状语从句。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示“即使”，应用even if/even though 引导
让步状语从句。故填①Even；②if/though。
99． is highly rewarding, but it can be dangerous.
在野外度过时光是非常有意义的，但也可能是危险的。
【答案】Spending time in the wild
【详解】考查动词短语、介词短语和非谓语动词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“在野外度过时光”，“度
过时光”用动词短语spend time，“在野外”可用介词短语in the wild，且空处作句子的主语，是非谓语，
此处介绍的是经常性、习惯性的动作，因此spend 应用动名词形式，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填
Spending time in the wild。
100．我的日常饮食包含水果，蔬菜，牛奶和米饭。
My routine diet fruit, vegetables, milk and rice.
【答案】 consists of
【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意，此处表示“包括、由……组成”为consist of，结合句意，此处描述的
是经常性的动作，所以使用一般现在时，且主语为第三人称单数。故填①consists
of
②
。
02 核心突破练
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
A
（2025·浙江宁波·一模）In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant popularity as a
more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. However, concerns about their
actual environmental impact are growing. For instance, the production of EV batteries requires large amounts of
rare earth metals, the mining of which can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Additionally, the
electricity used to charge EVs often comes from power plants that burn fossil fuels, emitting substantial amounts of
greenhouse gases. Some studies suggest that in regions heavily dependent on coal for electricity generation, the
carbon footprint of EVs during their operation may not be much lower than that of conventional vehicles.
Nevertheless, these concerns might be overstated. In fact, EVs may have a much greater potential for
environmental benefits than many people realize. The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)
predicts that as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation increases, the environmental advantages of
EVs will become more pronounced. Currently, only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some
regions comes from renewable sources like solar and wind. But as the world transitions to cleaner energy, this
percentage is expected to rise significantly. Moreover, EVs contribute to reducing air pollution in urban areas. They
produce zero tailpipe emissions, which directly improves local air quality and reduces the health risks associated
with breathing polluted air.
Automakers and policymakers face the challenge of maximizing the environmental benefits of EVs while
minimizing their negative impacts. The ideal solution would be to rapidly increase the proportion of renewable
energy in the power grid and improve the efficiency of battery recycling. However, since achieving a fully
renewable power grid globally is still a long-term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more
practical.
The first measure is promoting battery recycling. Starting in 2027, some countries will require automakers to
take back used EV batteries and recycle at least 70% of the materials. This practice should be adopted more widely.
The second measure is optimizing the location of charging stations. By strategically placing charging stations near
renewable energy sources, the environmental impact of charging can be further reduced. Third, automakers must
invest more in research and development to improve battery technology, making it more energy-efficient and
reducing the need for rare earth metals. Strengthening these approaches would help transform EVs from potential
environmental concerns into powerful tools for environmental protection.
1．What is the main concern about electric vehicles?
A．Their high production costs.
B．Their limited driving range.
C．Their potential negative environmental impact.
D．Their competition with traditional gasoline- powered cars.
2．What can be inferred from the second paragraph?
A．The environmental benefits of EVs are already fully realized.
B．The environmental advantages of EVs depend on the source of electricity.
C．renewable energy currently accounts for most of the electricity used for EV charging.
D．EVs have no impact on reducing air pollution in urban areas.
3．Which solution is more practical to maximize the environmental benefits of EVs?
A．Achieving a fully renewable power grid globally immediately.
B．Banning the use of fossil-fuel-powered power plants.
C．Optimizing the location of charging stations near renewable energy sources.
D．Encouraging consumers to buy more gasoline-powered cars in the short term.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Electric Vehicles: A Sure-Fire Solution for the Environment
B．The High Cost of Electric Vehicle Batteries
C．Electric Vehicles: A Threat or a Hope for the Environment?
D．The Future of Traditional Gasoline-Powered Cars
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章围绕电动汽车对环境的影响展开讨论，既提到了人们对其环境影响的担忧，
也阐述了其潜在的环境效益，探讨了电动汽车到底是对环境的威胁还是希望。
1．细节理解题。文章第一段中“However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing. For
instance, the production of EV batteries requires large amounts of rare earth metals, the mining of which can lead to
deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Additionally, the electricity used to charge EVs often comes from
power plants that burn fossil fuels, emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases. (然而，人们越来越担心它
们对环境的实际影响。例如，电动汽车电池的生产需要大量的稀土金属，而稀土金属的开采会导致森林砍
伐、土壤侵蚀和水污染。此外，用于给电动汽车充电的电力通常来自燃烧化石燃料的发电厂，排放大量温
室气体)”明确指出人们对电动汽车的主要担忧是其对环境的实际影响，包括电池生产带来的资源开采问题
以及充电用电产生的温室气体排放等。故选C。
2．推理判断题。第二段中“The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) predicts that as the share
of renewable energy in electricity generation increases, the environmental advantages of EVs will become more
pronounced. Currently, only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some regions comes from
renewable sources like solar and wind.(国际清洁交通理事会（ICCT）预测，随着可再生能源在发电中所占份
额的增加，电动汽车的环境优势将更加明显。目前，在一些地区，用于电动汽车充电的电力中只有约20%
来自太阳能和风能等可再生能源)”提到，国际清洁交通委员会预测随着可再生能源在发电中占比增加，电
动汽车的环境优势将更明显，且目前部分地区电动汽车充电用电只有约20%来自可再生能源，由此可推断
电动汽车的环境优势取决于电力来源。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, since achieving a fully renewable power grid globally is still a long -
term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more practical.(然而，由于在全球范围内实现完全可
再生电网仍然是一个长期目标，因此专注于三个更直接的措施更为实际)”和第四段中“The first measure is
promoting battery recycling.(第一项措施是促进电池回收)”、“The second measure is optimizing the location of
charging stations.(二是优化充电站的位置)”以及“Third, automakers must invest more in research and
development to improve battery technology, making it more energy-efficient and reducing the need for rare earth
metals.(第三，汽车制造商必须加大研发投入，改进电池技术，使其更节能，减少对稀土金属的需求)”提到，
实现全球完全可再生能源电网是长期目标，更实际的措施包括促进电池回收、优化充电站位置和改进电池
技术等。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained
significant popularity as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. However,
concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing.(近年来，电动汽车（EVs）作为一种更环保的替
代传统汽油动力汽车而获得了显著的普及。然而，人们越来越担心它们对环境的实际影响)”可知，文章围
绕电动汽车对环境的影响展开讨论，既提到了人们对其环境影响的担忧，也阐述了其潜在的环境效益，探
讨了电动汽车到底是对环境的威胁还是希望，C 选项“电动汽车：对环境的威胁还是希望？”符合文章主
旨。故选C。
B
（2025·重庆·模拟预测）The integration of AI tools in medical check-ups has reached a key stage. A major
study published in Nature Medicine (2025) shows that doctors using AI tools detected breast cancer in 6.7 cases
per 1,000 checks — a 17.6% improvement over old methods. Conducted across 12 German hospitals with 461,818
people, this research provides the strongest proof to date on AI’s real-world value.
Led by Prof. Alexander Katalinic, the study had a special design: doctors could choose when to use AI
during check-ups. In 260,079 AI-assisted checks, the tool not only found more cases but also made results more
exact. Lab tests following AI-aided checks confirmed cancerous cells in nearly two-thirds of cases (64.5%),
compared to 9.2% without AI—a seven times higher accuracy. “This beats our initial goal of proving AI is not
worse than humans,” said co-author Stefan Bunk, highlighting the success of human-AI teamwork.
However, the study found key problems. Doctors spent 47% less time on scans marked “normal” by AI (16
seconds vs.30 seconds), raising concerns about trusting AI too much. “Faster checks might miss underlying issues,”
warned expert Dr. Lena Müller. The study also found income-related differences: wealthier patients used AI tools
more often, possibly making healthcare gaps worse.
To address these issues, the team proposes a three-step approach. First, all AI-marked “normal” scans must
be double-checked by medical professionals. Second, governments should fund AI tools in public hospitals to
ensure equal access. Third, doctors are required to complete yearly training courses on AI’s technical limits and
bias detection.
As Prof. Ben Glocker notes, “This is about building a partnership — AI finds patterns,while doctors care for
the whole patient.” With breast cancer cases expected to rise 42% by 2040, such tools could redefine preventive
care.
1．What made the research special?
A．Doctors decided the timing of using AI.
B．It involved hospitals in different regions.
C．Doctors focused on breast cancer detection.
D．It compared AI performance across age groups.
2．What can we infer from Stefan Bunk’s words?
A．AI has no value in check-ups.
B．AI can replace human doctors.
C．AI is overestimated in application.
D．AI performs far better than expected.
3．What problem does the study mention about faster scanning with AI?
A．AI use could lead to too many false alarms.
B．Doctors may become too dependent on AI.
C．AI tools may not be as accurate as human doctors.
D．Rushing checks with AI could miss hidden problems.
4．What is the main purpose of the three-step approach?
A．To commercialize medical AI systems.
B．To partially replace human judgment.
C．To ensure responsible AI application.
D．To change the training method of AI.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。《自然
医学》研究显示
・
AI 辅助乳腺癌检测效果显著，但存在依赖和公平性
问题，团队提出三步方案确保合理应用。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Led by Prof. Alexander Katalinic, the study had a special design: doctors could
choose when to use AI during check-ups.(由亚历山大
卡塔林尼克教授领导的这项研究有一个特殊的设计：
・
医生可以在检查过程中选择何时使用人工智能。)”可知，该研究的特殊之处在于医生可以决定使用人工智
能的时机。故选A 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“‘This beats our initial goal of proving AI is not worse than humans,’ said co-
author Stefan Bunk, highlighting the success of human-AI teamwork.(‘这超出了我们最初证明人工智能并不比
人类差的目标，’合著者斯特凡
邦克说，强调了人类
・
-人工智能团队合作的成功。)”可知，人工智能的表
现远远超出了预期。故选D 项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“‘Faster checks might miss underlying issues,’ warned expert Dr. Lena Müller.
(‘更快的检查可能会错过潜在的问题，’专家莱娜
米勒博士警告说。
・
)”可知，使用人工智能进行更快扫描
的问题是可能会错过隐藏的问题。故选D 项。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段“To address these issues, the team proposes a three-step approach. First, all AI-
marked ‘normal’ scans must be double-checked by medical professionals. Second, governments should fund AI
tools in public hospitals to ensure equal access. Third, doctors are required to complete yearly training courses on
AI’s technical limits and bias detection.(为了解决这些问题，该团队提出了一个三步方法。首先，所有被人工
智能标记为‘正常’的扫描必须由医疗专业人员进行复查。其次，政府应该为公立医院的人工智能工具提
供资金，以确保平等使用。第三，医生被要求完成关于人工智能技术限制和偏差检测的年度培训课程。)”
可知，这三步方法是为了确保人工智能的负责任应用，解决研究中发现的问题。故选C 项。
C
（2025·湖南长沙·一模）After writing 50 books, Pakistani American kids’ book author Saadia Faruqi is
covering an issue she’s never explored before in her newest title, The Strongest Heart.
“This is the first time I’ve written a book that mainly talks about mental illness and the impacts it has on
family life, especially on kids,” says Faruqi. “It’s a topic that’s very close to my heart and the theme is personal to
me.”
Published in March, The Strongest Heart follows Mo, a Pakistani American eighth grader, as he struggles to
understand his Abbu — “father” in Urdu — who has a very serious mental illness. The book is based on Faruqi’s
own rocky relationship with her father, who she believes also had this condition.
Growing up in Karachi, Pakistan, Faruqi says she was afraid of her father’s episodes and often felt confused.
The adults never “sat me down and explained anything. Nobody said,’ Hey, don’ t be scared.’” She hopes The
Strongest Heart, intended for middle schoolers, can offer comfort and strength to young people who live with
someone with mental illness at home.
When asked about what she hoped readers would take away from this book, Faruqi said,“I think the title says
it all: The Strongest Heart. When things get really bad, somebody tellsMo, ‘The strongest heart is the one that’ s
still beating.’ I hope that readers take away a message of courage and resilience ( 坚持不懈). This book is for
anybody who faces hardships, who’s not in control of their own life, who’s scared or worried or anxious.”
So far, the book has earned four starred reviews. Kirkus Reviews writes: “The story is engaging, populated
with appealing, well-rounded main and supporting characters. The account of serious mental illness and the
complex emotions of a child whose parent suffers from it are realistic, eye-opening and moving.”
1．What makes The Strongest Heart different from Faruqi’s previous books?
A．It covers family issues in Pakistan.
B．It talks about her personal life in Urdu.
C．It describes her childhood life in Karachi.
D．It addresses mental illness’s family impact.
2．How might Mo feel about his father’s illness?
A．Puzzled and scared.
B．Angry and doubtful.
C．Worried and impatient.
D．Anxious and ashamed.
3．What does Faruqi hope readers learn from The Strongest Heart?
A．There is strength even in a struggle.
B．Parents must always appear strong.
C．Mental illness should be kept private.
D．People should take control of their own life.
4．What comment did The Strongest Heart receive?
A．Appreciation for its delicate structure.
B．Disapproval of its characterization.
C．Criticism for its complex account.
D．Praise for its emotional realism.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了巴基斯坦裔美国儿童书籍作家萨迪亚·法鲁基的新书《最坚强的
心》，该书首次探讨精神疾病对家庭的影响，希望给相关青少年带来勇气和力量。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中““This is the first time I’ve written a book that mainly talks about mental
illness and the impacts it has on family life, especially on kids,” says Faruqi.(法鲁基说：“这是我第一次写一本
主要谈论精神疾病及其对家庭生活，尤其是对孩子的影响的书。”)可知，《最坚强的心》与法鲁基之前的
书不同之处在于它探讨了精神疾病对家庭的影响。故选D 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Growing up in Karachi, Pakistan, Faruqi says she was afraid of her father’s
episodes and often felt confused.(法鲁基说，她在巴基斯坦卡拉奇长大，害怕父亲的疾病发作，常常感到困
惑)”以及该书以法鲁基与父亲的经历为蓝本，书中主角Mo 也面临父亲患有严重精神疾病的情况，可推断
Mo 对父亲的病也会感到困惑和害怕。故选A 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“I hope that readers take away a message of courage and resilience (坚持不懈).
This book is for anybody who faces hardships, who’s not in control of their own life, who’s scared or worried or
anxious.(我希望读者能从中获得勇气和坚持不懈的信息。这本书是为所有面临困难、无法掌控自己生活、
感到害怕、担忧或焦虑的人而写的)”可知，法鲁基希望读者从《最坚强的心》中获得勇气和韧性，学到即
使在困境中也有力量。故选A 项。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The account of serious mental illness and the complex emotions of a child
whose parent suffers from it are realistic, eye opening and moving.(对严重精神疾病以及父母患有此病的孩子的
复杂情绪的描述是真实的、令人大开眼界且感人的)”可知，《最坚强的心》因情感的真实性而受到赞扬。
故选D 项。
题型二 完形词汇和短语
A
（2025·甘肃甘南·模拟预测）I’m working on a project called AudioLink, a sign language translator that
uses data gloves and software to 1 gestures into spoken English and local languages.
This project is 2 important to me because as someone who’s hearing impaired ( 受损的), I
understand the 3 of communication firsthand. AudioLink has the 4 to empower deaf and mute
(哑的) individuals and improve their quality of life. AudioLink can break down communication 5 and
allow people to interact more confidently in everyday situations.
It all started in my school’s Thinking Lab. When I 6 my idea for a sign language translator, the
teachers there were super 7 . They helped me with everything from the 8 concept to finding the
resources I needed.
One big milestone was getting the data gloves to work properly. It took a lot of trial and error to 9
how to connect the hand movements to 10 signs. We addressed this challenge by working with experts.
It’s 11 to see the particular signs have been connected correctly.
Looking ahead, I dream of a world where AudioLink is a widely available 12 that breaks down
communication difficulties for everyone. Imagine a world where anyone can easily communicate with someone
using sign language! That’s what keeps me 13 . It’s also important to remember that AudioLink is about
more than just 14 . It’s about empowering the deaf and mute community and giving them a 15 .
1．A．separate
B．devote
C．inspire
D．transform
2．A．accidentally
B．incredibly
C．temporarily
D．timely
3．A．solution
B．competition
C．frustration
D．contribution
4．A．appeal
B．potential
C．sustainability
D．philosophy
5．A．responses
B．standards
C．opportunities
D．barriers
6．A．mentioned
B．imagined
C．involved
D．monitored
7．A．generous
B．realistic
C．objective
D．supportive
8．A．initial
B．adaptable
C．ambitious
D．innovative
9．A．figure out
B．take over
C．refer to
D．carry out
10．A．rare
B．specific
C．identical
D．limited
11．A．satisfying
B．confusing
C．alarming
D．horrifying
12．A．language
B．goal
C．tool
D．preference
13．A．deserved
B．motivated
C．ashamed
D．astonished
14．A．wisdom
B．network
C．promotion
D．technology
15．A．concept
B．dream
C．voice
D．platform
【答案】
1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．A 10．B 11．A
12．C 13．B 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者开发的手语翻译器AudioLink 的项目情况、意义及未来
展望。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正在做一个名为AudioLink 的项目，这是一个使用数据手套和软件将手势
转换为英语口语和当地语言的手语翻译器。A. separate 分开；B. devote 致力于；C. inspire 激励；D.
transform 转换。根据下文“gestures into spoken English and local languages”可知，此处表示将手势转换为英
语口语和当地语言，故选D。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个项目对我来说非常重要，因为作为一名听力受损的人，我亲身了解沟
通的困难。A. accidentally 偶然地；B. incredibly 非常，极其；C. temporarily 暂时地；D. timely 及时地。根
据下文“because as someone who’s hearing impaired (受损的), I understand the 3 of communication
firsthand.”可知，作者听力受损，所以这个项目对作者来说极其重要，故选B。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. solution 解决方案；B. competition 竞争；C. frustration 沮丧，困难；
D. contribution 贡献。根据上文“because as someone who’s hearing impaired (受损的)”和下文“of
communication firsthand”可知，听力受损的人沟通有困难，故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：AudioLink 有能力赋予聋哑人权力，提高他们的生活质量。A. appeal 吸引力；
B. potential 潜力，能力；C. sustainability 可持续性；D. philosophy 哲学。根据上文“AudioLink, a sign
language translator that uses data gloves and software to 1
gestures into spoken English and local
languages.”和下文“to empower deaf and mute (哑的) individuals and improve their quality of life”可知，
AudioLink 有能力赋予聋哑人交流的权力，故选B。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：AudioLink 可以打破沟通障碍，让人们在日常生活中更自信地互动。A.
responses 回应；B. standards 标准；C. opportunities 机会；D. barriers 障碍。根据下文“allow people to
interact more confidently in everyday situations”可知，AudioLink 可以打破沟通障碍，故选D。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在学校的思维实验室提到我想做一个手语翻译器的想法时，那里的老
师非常支持我。A. mentioned 提到；B. imagined 想象；C. involved 涉及；D. monitored 监控。根据下文“my
idea for a sign language translator”可知，作者在学校的思维实验室提到了自己的想法，故选A。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. generous 慷慨的；B. realistic 现实的；C. objective 客观的；D.
supportive 支持的。根据下文“They helped me with everything”可知，老师们非常支持作者，故选D。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们帮助我处理了从最初的概念到找到我需要的资源的一切事情。A.
initial 最初的；B. adaptable 能适应的；C. ambitious 有雄心的；D. innovative 创新的。根据下文“concept to
finding the resources I needed”可知，老师帮助作者处理了从最初的概念到找到资源的一切事情，故选A。
9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了弄清楚如何将手部动作与特定的手势联系起来，我们进行了大量的尝
试和并经历了错误。A. figure out 弄清楚；B. take over 接管；C. refer to 参考；D. carry out 执行。根据下文
“how to connect the hand movements to 10 signs”可知，此处表示弄清楚如何将手部动作与特定的手势联
系起来，故选A。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. rare 罕见的；B. specific 特定的；C. identical 相同的；D. limited
有限的。根据下文“how to connect the hand movements”和“signs”可知，此处表示将手部动作与特定的手
势联系起来，故选B。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看到特定的手势被正确地连接起来是令人满意的。A. satisfying 令人满意
的；B. confusing 令人困惑的；C. alarming 令人担忧的；D. horrifying 令人恐惧的。根据下文“see the
particular signs have been connected correctly”可知，看到特定的手势被正确地连接起来是令人满意的，故选
A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：展望未来，我梦想着一个AudioLink 成为广泛可用的工具，为每个人打破
沟通困难的世界。A. language 语言；B. goal 目标；C. tool 工具；D. preference 偏好。根据下文“that breaks
down communication difficulties for everyone”可知，AudioLink 是一个工具，故选C。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是让我保持动力的原因。A. deserved 应得的；B. motivated 有动力的；
C. ashamed 羞愧的；D. astonished 惊讶的。根据上文“Imagine a world where anyone can easily communicate
with someone using sign language! That’s what keeps me”可知，想象一下，在一个世界里，任何人都可以使
用手语轻松地与他人交流！这就是让作者保持动力的原因，故选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样重要的是要记住，AudioLink 不仅仅是关于技术。A. wisdom 智慧；B.
network 网络；C. promotion 提升；D. technology 技术。根据语境和下文“It’s about empowering the deaf and
mute community”可知，AudioLink 不仅仅是关于技术，更重要的是赋予聋哑人权力，故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它是关于赋予聋哑人社区权力，给他们一个声音。A. concept 概念；B.
dream 梦想；C. voice 声音；D. platform 平台。根据上文“It’s about empowering the deaf and mute
community”可知，AudioLink 赋予聋哑人社区权力，给他们一个声音，让他们能够发声，故选C。
B
（2025·海南儋州·三模）In December 2017 my dad passed away for heart failure. Next year my sister and
brother got married and established their own family. I became 1 alone. Although my family was 2
years later, still I felt loneliness. I was 3 because I had never felt like this.
One day I 4 an article expressing if we think a lot about loneliness we fall into depression. I
decided to study again. Within 2 days I took 5 in the college and my life’s best journey started. From that
day till today I have been studying whatever course I 6 . Sometimes I would think about what I was
doing. I was becoming a jack of all trades and 7 of none. But still I was flowing with the 8 .
Months and years passed by quickly, and I changed a lot. Now my 9 is teaching spoken English in
a college. But with that I 10 a problem solver. I started sharing my 11 with people and friends.
Now I am still learning new things and trying to help more people.
I have 12 lots of rewards in my work and in my life as well. I feel 13 of myself and
very grateful for this loneliness. Now, I never feel worried about loneliness and even want to be 14 .
Loneliness never comes alone. It brings self 15 , power, a sense of independence, and improved focus. By
spending time with our own self we improve our relationships as well.
1．A．unexpectedly
B．unconsciously
C．totally
D．eagerly
2．A．extended
B．decorated
C．challenged
D．matched
3．A．relieved
B．blank
C．shocked
D．blind
4．A．took off
B．brought down
C．got through
D．came across
5．A．suggestion
B．imagination
C．admission
D．ambition
6．A．choose
B．admire
C．postpone
D．consider
7．A．director
B．master
C．conductor
D．instructor
8．A．pace
B．time
C．flow
D．motion
9．A．happiness
B．entertainment
C．promotion
D．profession
10．A．became
B．remained
C．appreciated
D．inspired
11．A．sorrow
B．knowledge
C．treasure
D．secret
12．A．ignored
B．abandoned
C．obtained
D．missed
13．A．ashamed
B．aware
C．critical
D．proud
14．A．alone
B．strong
C．selfless
D．attractive
15．A．occupation
B．growth
C．position
D．courage
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B
12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者的父亲去世后，他的家人都建立了自己的家庭，他感觉到
孤独，有一天他偶然看到一篇文章，表达的是如果我们想太多孤独，我们就会陷入抑郁。于是他决定再次
学习，接下来他在大学里度过了最好的时光，现在他在一所大学教英语口语但是他仍然继续学习新事物并
尽力帮助更多的人。他在工作和生活中都收获了很多奖励，他为自己感到骄傲，并非常感激这种孤独。
1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我变得完全孤独。A. unexpectedly 意外地；B. unconsciously 不知不觉地；C.
totally 完全地；D. eagerly 急切地。由上文“In December 2017 my dad passed away for heart failure. Next year
my sister and brother got married and established their own family. (2017 年12 月，我父亲因心力衰竭去世。第
二年，我的姐姐和哥哥结婚了，建立了自己的家庭。)”可知，作者的父亲去世后，他的家人都建立了自己
的家庭，作者变得完全孤独，独身一人。故选C 项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我的家族在几年后扩大了，但我仍然感到孤独。A. extended 扩大；B.
decorated 装饰；C. challenged 挑战；D. matched 相配。由上文“Next year my sister and brother got married
and established their own family. (第二年，我的姐姐和哥哥结婚了，建立了自己的家庭。)”可知，因姐姐哥
哥结婚，作者的家族在几年后扩大了。故选A 项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到茫然，因为我从未有过这样的感觉。A. relieved 放心的；B. blank
茫然的，空虚的；C. shocked 震惊的；D. blind 失明的。由上文“Although my family was
2
years
later, still I felt loneliness. (虽然我的家族在几年后扩大了，但我仍然感到孤独。)”可推知，作者的家族在几
年后扩大了，但作者仍感到孤独，此处表现出面对孤独时的茫然无措感，与后文“从未有过这种感受”形
成逻辑呼应。故选B 项。
4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，我偶然看到一篇文章，说如果我们过多地思考孤独，我们就会陷
入抑郁。A. took off 起飞；B. brought down 降低；C. got through 熬过（困难或不快的时期）；D. came
across 偶然遇见。由下文“an article”可知，作者偶然发现一篇文章。故选D 项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不到两天，我就被大学录取了，我人生中最美好的旅程开始了。A.
suggestion 建议；B. imagination 想象力；C. admission 准许进入；D. ambition 雄心。由下文“in the college
and my life’s best journey started. From that day till today I have been studying whatever course (在大学，我人生
中最美好的旅程开始了。从那天到今天，我一直在学习任何课程)”讲作者在大学学习课程可知，作者就被
大学录取了。故选C 项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那天到今天，我一直在学习我选择的任何课程。A. choose 选择；B.
admire 欣赏；C. postpone 推迟；D. consider 考虑。由上文“I have been studying whatever course”可知，作者
应该是在大学学习自己选择的课程，且choose 符合主动学习的语境。故选A 项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我成了门门精通，样样稀松的人。A. director 导演；B. master 大师；C.
conductor 导体；D. instructor（大学）讲师。由本处语境和习语知识可知，固定谚语a jack of all trades and
master of none (门门精通，样样稀松)，表明大学学习让作者学识广博但不专精。故选B 项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我还是随波逐流。A. pace 速度；B. time 时间；C. flow 流动；D. motion 运
动。由上文“I was becoming a jack of all trades and
7
of none. (我成了门门精通，样样稀松的人)”
和转折词But 可知，作者知道大学学习让自己学识广博但不专精，但作者依旧继续这样的生活，顺其自然，
随生活节奏前行，故选C 项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在我的职业是在一所大学教英语口语。A. happiness 幸福；B.
entertainment 娱乐；C. promotion 推广；D. profession 职业。由下文“teaching spoken English in a college”可
知，作者当前职业是英语教师。故选D 项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但有了这个，我成了一个问题解决者。A. became 变成；B. remained 保持
不变；C. appreciated 感谢；D. inspired 鼓舞。由上文“Now my
9
is teaching spoken English in a
college. (现在我的职业是在一所大学教英语口语。)”和下文“a problem solver”可知，作者除了是大学英语
教师外，还成为了一个问题解决者，became 表示身份转变。故选A 项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始与人们和朋友分享我的知识。A. sorrow 悲伤；B. knowledge 知识；
C. treasure 财富；D. secret 秘密。由上文“I was becoming a jack of all trades (我门门精通)”和“I
10
a problem solver (我成了一个问题解决者)”可知，门门精通的作者分享知识帮助他人。故选B 项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在工作和生活中都获得了很多回报。A. ignored 忽视；B. abandoned 放弃；
C. obtained 获得；D. missed 错过。由上文讲作者因孤独去大学学习后成为大学英语教师和下文“It brings
self
15
, power, a sense of independence, and improved focus. By spending time with our own self we
improve our relationships as well. (孤独带来了自我……、力量、独立感和提高的专注力。通过花时间与自己
相处，我们也改善了人际关系。)”讲孤独给自己生活带来的各种好处可知，此处指作者因孤独在工作和生
活中获得了很多回报。故选C 项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我为自己感到骄傲，非常感激这种孤独。A. ashamed 羞愧的；B. aware
意识到的；C. critical 关键的；D. proud 自豪的。由上文讲作者因孤独去大学学习后成为大学英语教师和下
文“It brings self
15
, power, a sense of independence, and improved focus. By spending time with our
own self we improve our relationships as well. (孤独带来了自我……、力量、独立感和提高的专注力。通过花
时间与自己相处，我们也改善了人际关系。)”讲孤独给自己生活带来的各种好处可知，作者为自己在孤独
中取得的成就感到骄傲。故选D 项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，我从不担心孤独，甚至想要孤独。A. alone 孤独的；B. strong 强
的；C. selfless 无私的；D. attractive 有吸引力的。由上文“I have
12
lots of rewards in my work and
in my life as well. (我在工作和生活中都获得了很多回报)”和“very grateful for this loneliness (非常感激这种
孤独)”可知，作者因孤独在工作和生活中获得了很多回报，非常感激这种孤独，所以甚至想要孤独，呼应
孤独的积极意义。故选A 项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它带来了自我成长、力量、独立感和提高的专注力。A. occupation 职业；
B. growth 成长；C. position 位置；D. courage 勇气。由上文讲作者因孤独去大学学习后成为大学英语教师和
下文“power, a sense of independence, and improved focus. By spending time with our own self we improve our
relationships as well. (力量、独立感和提高的专注力。通过花时间与自己相处，我们也改善了人际关系。)”
讲孤独给自己生活带来的各种好处可知，孤独会带来自我成长，与下文独立性提升等积极影响一致。故选
B 项。
题型三 语法填空词汇和短语
A
（2025·湖南长沙·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Chinese robotics company, Unitree, based in Hangzhou, has announced the world’s first boxing match
1 two child-sized humanoid robots. The event will see two G1robots face each other for the title of the “Iron
Fist King”, 2 people can see live streamed next month.
A promotional video shows the 1.32-meter-tall Unitree G1 robot sparring with a human opponent. While
3 (strike) repeatedly, it skillfully evades most blows, demonstrating excellent responsiveness. Unitree
highlights that the robot uses a motion-capture system allowing it to perform at 4 advanced level and
continuously improve its abilities. The video also displays the robot punching, kicking, and recovering from strong
blows, though its movements are 5 (noticeable) slower than a human’s. This boxing match closely
follows April’s groundbreaking humanoid robot half marathon in Beijing, an event that marked the first large-scale
6 (participate) of 21 robots in completing a full 21km course.
Unitree is among six Chinese robotics firms 7 (plan) to mass-produce AI-integrated humanoid
robots this year. China is already the 8 (large) industrial robot market globally, accounting for more than
half of all robot installations worldwide. Last year, the country’s industrial robot market 9 (value) at over
$6 billion, according to Fortune Business Insights. Industry forecasts from Global Data suggest the robotics sector
could reach $200 billion by 2030, with humanoid robots playing a 10 (consider) role.
【答案】
1．between 2．which 3．struck 4．an 5．noticeably 6．participation 7．planning
8．largest 9．was valued 10．considerable
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了杭州的宇树科技公司宣布将举办世界上首场儿童尺寸人形机器
人拳击赛，介绍了该公司机器人的特点以及此前相关机器人赛事情况。
1．考查介词。句意：总部位于杭州的中国机器人公司宇树科技宣布了世界上首场由两个儿童尺寸的人形
机器人参加的拳击比赛。根据语境，这里表示“在……之间”，指两个机器人之间的比赛，用介词
between。故填between。
2．考查非限定性定语从句。句意：在这场赛事中，两个G1 机器人将为“铁拳之王”的头衔一决高下，人
们可以在下个月观看其直播。“____ people can see live streamed next month”为非限定性定语从句，修饰先
行词The event，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，用关系代词which 引导从句。故填which。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在被反复攻击时，它巧妙地躲开了大部分攻击，展现出了出色的反应能力。
“While (strike) repeatedly”作时间状语，strike(攻击)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语it(指代机器人)之间是
被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填struck。
4．考查冠词。句意：宇树科技强调，该机器人使用了动作捕捉系统，使其能够达到高级水平并不断提高
自身能力。可数名词level 在句中表示“一个高级水平”，泛指，且advanced 是发音以元音音素开头的单
词，用不定冠词an 修饰。故填an。
5．考查副词。句意：视频还展示了机器人出拳、踢腿以及从重击后恢复的画面，不过它的动作明显比人
类慢。提示词修饰形容词slower，用副词noticeably 作状语，意为“显著地，明显地”。故填noticeably。
6．考查名词。句意：这场拳击赛紧随4 月份在北京举行的开创性的人形机器人半程马拉松赛之后，该赛事
标志着21 台机器人首次大规模参与完成21 公里的赛程。提示词作从句宾语，用名词participation，意为
“参与”，不可数名词。故填participation。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：宇树科技是今年计划大规模生产集成人工智能的人形机器人的六家中国机器
人公司之一。“(plan) to mass produce AI integrated humanoid robots this year”作后置定语，plan(计划)是非谓
语动词，与其逻辑主语robotics firms 之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填planning。
8．考查形容词最高级。句意：中国已经是全球最大的工业机器人市场，占全球机器人安装量的一半以上。
结合定冠词“the”和比较范围“globally”可知，用最高级largest 作定语，意为“最大的”。故填largest。
9．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：据《财富商业洞察》报道，去年，中国工业机器人市场价值超过60
亿美元。value(给……估价)是谓语动词，与主语the country’s industrial robot market 之间是被动关系，根据
时间状语“last year”可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单数
形式was valued。故填was valued。
10．考查形容词。句意：全球数据公司的行业预测显示，到2030 年，机器人行业规模可能达到2000 亿美
元，人形机器人将发挥重要作用。提示词修饰名词role，用形容词considerable 作定语，意为“重要的，相
当大的”。故填considerable。
B
（2025·甘肃天水·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Back in 1 late 1700s, long before people understood the reason behind immunity, farmers and
doctors in rural areas of Britain noticed that dairymaids (挤奶女工) and other people who got a mild disease called
cowpox (牛痘) seldom caught its fearsome cousin, smallpox (天花). Was there a connection? Some decided there
was and inserted (嵌入的) material from the cowpox into an incision they cut on the arm of healthy people, thus
somehow 2 (protect) them from smallpox. In 1798, a doctor named Edward Jenner published the results
of his experiments using this procedure, earning 3 (he) fame as the “Father of Immunology”.
Scientists later figured out that cowpox somehow protected one from smallpox. When people caught
cowpox, their bodies made special cells 4 (call) antibodies. They fought the disease. That’s not all. They
stayed in the blood 5 case the disease ever returned. Because cowpox and smallpox are fairly similar, if a
person was later exposed to the more serious disease, antibodies were ready 6 (fight) it too.
That knowledge helped scientists develop vaccines. The term vaccination originated from Latin. They
contain the viruses, weakened, dead or modified (改良的). Injected into the blood, they trick the immune system
into making antibodies. 7 the body ever meets with those same 8 (virus), even at full strength,
the antibodies make short work of them.
Vaccination prior to 9 (expose) to the virus is ideal. But a vaccination given within three days of
exposure will 10 (complete) prevent or significantly modify smallpox in the majority of people and given
within the first four to seven days will likely offer some protection or soften the disease.
【答案】
1．the 2．protecting 3．himself/his 4．called 5．in 6．to fight 7．If/When 8．
viruses 9．exposure 10．completely
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了18 世纪末Edward Jenner 发现接种牛痘提取物能预防天花，从而
开创疫苗接种的历史，并解释了抗体如何通过识别相似病毒提供免疫力。
1．考查冠词。句意：早在18 世纪末，远在人们理解免疫原理之前，英国乡村的农民和医生注意到，挤奶
女工和其他感染过一种名为牛痘的轻微疾病的人，很少染上其可怕的近亲——天花。空后为late 1700s，
“某世纪某年代”前需加定冠词the。故填the。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些人认为有，于是将牛痘的提取物注入健康人手臂上的切口，从而以某种
方式保护他们免受天花侵害。句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，
应用protect“保护”的现在分词形式。故填protecting。
3．考查代词。句意：1798 年，一位名叫Edward Jenner 的医生发表了使用此方法的实验结果，并因此赢得
了“免疫学之父”的声誉。earn sb. sth.意为“为某人赢得某物”，空处作earning 的宾语，此处earn 这一动
作的实施者和承受者为同一人，空处应用he 的反身代词形式，或用earn sth.表示“赢得某物，挣得某物”，
把空处看作修饰名词fame 的定语，用形容词性物主代词his。故填himself/his。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：当人感染牛痘时，身体会产生一种特殊的细胞，称为抗体。空处是非谓语，
作special cells 的后置定语，call“称作”和special cells 逻辑上是被动关系，因此用call 的过去分词形式。故
填called。
5．考查介词。句意：它们还会留在血液中，以防疾病再次来袭。结合“the disease ever returned”可知，此
处应用固定搭配in case 表示“以防”，引导目的状语从句。故填in。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于牛痘和天花非常相似，如果一个人后来接触更严重的天花病毒，抗体也
能迅速投入战斗。be ready to do sth.是固定短语，意为“准备好做某事”，空处应用fight“与……作斗争”
的不定式形式。故填to fight。
7．考查状语从句。句意：如果身体日后遇到同样的病毒/当身体日后遇到同样的病毒时，哪怕病毒来势汹
汹，抗体也能轻松消灭它们。前半句也可理解为是后半句发生的条件，空处可用从属连词if 引导条件状语
从句，意为“如果”；前半句可理解为和后半句同时发生，空处可用从属连词when 引导时间状语从句，
意为“当……的时候”，且空处位于句首，if 或when 的首字母均需大写。故填If/When。
8．考查名词的数。句意：如果身体日后遇到同样的病毒/当身体日后遇到同样的病毒时，哪怕病毒来势汹
汹，抗体也能轻松消灭它们。空处作with 的宾语，those 后应用可数名词virus“病毒”的复数形式。故填
viruses。
9．考查名词。句意：理想情况下，应在接触病毒前接种疫苗。空处作介词to 的宾语，名词exposure 符合
题意，意为“接触”，是不可数名词。故填exposure。
10．考查副词。句意：但若在接触后3 天内接种，仍能完全预防或大幅减轻天花症状；而在接触后4 至7
天内接种，也可能提供部分保护或减轻病情。空处修饰动词prevent，副词completely 符合题意，意为“完
全地”。故填completely。
C
（2025·吉林·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s rapid advancement in smart technologies has caught global attention, with many sharing their
experiences online. A notable example is the Hutchinsons, a British family with nearly 200,000 followers, who,
after their first drone (无人机) delivery in Shenzhen, 1 (remark), “China is already in 2030!” Their post
became the most popular, reaching 2 impressive 7.8 million views.
Technological innovations, such as robot food delivery 3 hotel rooms, have also gained
widespread attention. Travel blogger Allison Paige shared her experience, highlighting how
4
(convenience) and enjoyable this service was. Her video contributed to the viral label “China Hotel”, 5
has since drawn the interest of international viewers.
This growing trend is part of China’s initiative to build smart cities, 6 (integrate) intelligent
vehicles, smart roads, and real-time cloud technologies. These advancements are making it possible for tourists 7
(enjoy) cutting-edge services. For instance, 8 (passenger) at Beijing Daxing International Airport
recently had the opportunity to ride in driverless robotaxis. Though these taxis 9 (monitor) by safety
drivers for security, it marks a significant step in the development of self-driving technology in China.
China’s push for smart city development is backed by a national guideline, aiming for substantial progress by
2027. By then, China plans to have established smart cities that are more livable, adaptable, and 10
(digital) advanced.
【答案】
1．remarked 2．an 3．to 4．convenient 5．which 6．integrating 7．to enjoy 8．
passengers 9．are monitored 10．digitally
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国在智能技术和智能城市建设方面的快速发展，展示了无人机
送货、机器人送餐等创新技术。
1．考查时态和语态。句意：一个值得注意的例子是哈钦森一家，这是一个拥有近20 万粉丝的英国家庭，
他们在深圳首次无人机送货后评论道：“中国已经到了2030 年！”此处为定语从句中的谓语动词，根据时
间状语after their first delivery 和上下文可知，描述过去事件，用一般过去时。故填remarked。
2．考查冠词。句意：他们的帖子成为最受欢迎的帖子，浏览量达到了令人印象深刻的780 万次。由于后面
接的是以元音音素开头的单词impressive，因此应使用不定冠词an，表示“一个令人印象深刻的780 万次
观看”。故填an。
3．考查介词。句意：技术创新，如机器人将食物送到酒店房间，也受到了广泛关注。delivery to 是固定搭
配，表示“送至，送达”，是动作的目标或方向。故填to。
4．考查名词变成形容词。句意：旅游博主Allison Paige 分享了她的经历，强调了这项服务是多么方便和愉
快。感叹句中how 修饰形容词，形容词convenient 和enjoyable 并列。故填convenient。
5．考查定语从句。句意：她的视频为快速传播品牌“中国饭店”做出了贡献，此后引起了国际观众的兴
趣。非限制性定语从句修饰前面的the viral label “China Hotel”，作主语，使用which 引导。故填which。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一增长趋势是中国建设智慧城市倡议的一部分，该倡议整合了智能汽车、
智能道路和实时云技术。此处作后置定语修饰initiative，表示主动进行关系，用其现在分词。故填
integrating。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些进步使游客能够享受尖端的服务。make 后接复合宾语，it 为形式宾语，
不定式作真正宾语。故填to enjoy。
8．考查名词复数。句意：例如，北京大兴国际机场的乘客最近有机会乘坐无人驾驶的自动驾驶出租车。
根据句意，可推断出此处指的是多个乘客，因此需要使用复数形式passengers 作主语。故填passengers。
9．考查时态和语态。句意：尽管这些出租车受到安全驾驶员的监控，但这标志着中国自动驾驶技术的发
展迈出了重要一步。描述当前情况，动词和主语之间是被动关系，因此应使用一般现在时的被动语态。主
谓一致，故填are monitored。
10．考查副词。句意：到那时，中国计划建立更宜居、适应性更强、数字化程度更高的智慧城市。修饰形
容词advanced 用副词。故填digitally。
03 高考溯源练
A
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）The greening of planes, trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放).
As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts
for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018
for different modes of transport.
The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to
be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some
of the solutions to get us going green.
PLANES — Synthetic hydrocarbons
The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation. One long-
term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make
hydrocarbons from recycled air.
CARS — Batteries
Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can
plug into existing systems and services. New solid-
state batteries will take a car farther on a single
charge.
TRAINS — Electricity
Some trains are already electrified through
TRUCKS —
Hydrogen
SHIPS — Liquid ammonia
Liquid ammonia is easy to keep and
rails or wires; others can be made electric in
pretty simple ways.
fuel cells
Hydrogen fuel cells
are a lighter choice
than batteries for
trucks, but making
green hydrogen is
expensive.
transport, but it is hard to ignite (点燃)
and requires an engine redesign.
This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little
bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s
estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that
renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says
Wipke.
1．What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018?
A．11.6%.
B．45.1%.
C．74.5%.
D．86.1%.
2．Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily?
A．Planes.
B．Trucks.
C．Trains.
D．Ships.
3．What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition?
A．Limiting fuel consumption.
B．Putting more effort into renewables.
C．Improving energy efficiency.
D．Making electricity more affordable.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2018 年不同交通方式的温室气体排放占比，以及飞机、汽车
等各类交通工具的未来绿色燃料路径。
1．细节理解题。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES 部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% (道路(客
运)45.1%)”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4% (道路(货运)29.4%)”可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%
+29.4%=74.5%，即道路车辆在2018 年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。故选C 项。
2．细节理解题。根据图表信息TRAINS — Electricity 部分中“Some trains are already electrified through rails
or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. (一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化；其他
火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化)”可知，火车相较其他交通方式更易实现绿色化。故选C 项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““We need to speed up the development of green energy and it will all get
used,” says Wipke. (Wipke 说：“我们需要加速绿色能源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。”)”可知，
Wipke 建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能源的投入。故选B 项。
B
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth —
they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds
and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics
in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental
Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then
filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.
In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in
plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by
just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three
common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously
found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming
increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more
microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised
concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated
how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an
environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New
Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?
A．By quoting an expert.
B．By defining a concept.
C．By giving examples.
D．By providing statistics.
2．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water?
A．The hardness of water.
B．The length of cooling time.
C．The frequency of filtering.
D．The type of plastic in water.
3．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?
A．The importance of plastic recycling.
B．The severity of the microplastic problem.
C．The danger in overusing pure water.
D．The difficulty in treating polluted water.
4．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about?
A．Choice of new research methods.
B．Possible direction for further study.
C．Need to involve more researchers.
D．Potential application of the findings.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及
全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的
微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指
出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth
— they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of
seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上
常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的
新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium
carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium
carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium
carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳
酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300 毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但
在碳酸钙含量低于60 毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效
性的是水的硬度。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic
exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year,
contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料
接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑
料含量也比原先想象的高出10 到1000 倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。
故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through
the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of
Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into
upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师
Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay 没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸
过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，
Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay 的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。
C
（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family
Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both
the little ones and adults? 1 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but
there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
●You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community
causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 2
●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
3 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and
maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health
and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
● 4
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades
and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-
being in the years to come.
●You’ll have more time with family.
Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 5
Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks
for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work.
A．Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B．Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C．Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D．Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E．For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F．You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G．Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
【答案】1．B 2．G 3．E 4．C 5．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍家庭共同参与志愿活动带来的意外好处，包括感觉时间更充裕、
促进身体健康、对青少年产生长远积极影响以及增进家庭互动等。
1．根据上文“Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared
by both the little ones and adults? (你在寻找让家人团聚的方法吗？希望找到一个大人和小孩都能参与的爱好
吗)”可知，此处以提问方式引出家庭共同活动的需求，空格处需给出解决方案。B 选项“Volunteering as a
family may be just the thing you need. (全家一起做志愿者可能正是你需要的)”中的“Volunteering as a family”
直接回应“bring your family together”和“shared hobby”，引出下文对家庭志愿活动好处的具体说明，符合
语境。故选B 项。
2．根据段落主题句“You’ll feel like you have more time. (你会觉得自己有更多时间)”及上文“Yet, research
has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. (然而，研
究发现，把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会让你觉得自己拥有更多时间)”可推知，设空处需解释“感觉时
间更多”的原因。G 选项“Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
(志愿活动让你感觉有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天)”中的“makes you feel capable”和“inspires you to
make the most of each day”从心理层面解释了为何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉，与“feel like you
have more time”形成因果关联。故选G 项。
3．根据下文“Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and
maintained overall health longer than others their age. (华盛顿大学研究发现，55 岁及以上的成年人中，参与
志愿服务的人群比同龄人拥有更优的记忆力，且能更长久地维持整体健康状态)”可知，本段聚焦志愿活动
对成年人身体健康的益处。E 选项“For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. (对
成年人来说，志愿活动可以带来显著的身体健康益处)”中的“For adults”对应“adults 55 and
older”，“physical health benefits”概括了“better memory”和“maintained overall health”，与本段的主题吻合。
故选E 项。
4．根据下文“Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved
grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect teen’s well-
being in the years to come. (青少年时期参与志愿服务已被证实与一些重要的积极影响相关，例如成绩提升和
自信心增强。这些影响并非只是短期的，而是已被证明会在未来数年持续影响青少年的身心健康)”可知，
本段主题为志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C 选项“Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
(志愿活动对儿童和青少年有终身影响)”中的“lifelong effect”对应“affect teen’s well-being in the years to
come”，“on kids and teenagers”覆盖段落讨论的年龄群体，符合段落主旨。故选C 项。
5．根据上文“Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal.
(一起做志愿者的家庭有朝着共同目标努力的独特经历)”及下文“Everyone brings something unique to the
table and can connect with each other in a new way. (每个人都能带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联系)”
可推知，设空处需补充家庭志愿活动中成员间的具体互动。F 选项“You may even learn that your kid has
talent you didn’t know about before. (你甚至可能会发现你的孩子有你以前不知道的天赋)”中的“learn that
your kid has talent”体现“Everyone brings something unique”，且“in a new way”对应“发现孩子未知天赋”
的新颖体验，衔接上下文。故选F 项。
D
（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）假定你是校英文报编辑李华，外教Chris 上个月答应写一篇介绍加拿大体育运
动的文章。请给 Chris 写一封邮件，内容包括：
(1)询问进展；
(2)提醒交稿时间。
注意：
(1)写作词数应为80 个左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
Best wishes,
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Chris,
Hope this email finds you well! Last month, you kindly agreed to write an article about sports in Canada, and
we’re all looking forward to reading it.
I’m writing to politely inquire about the progress of the article. Would you mind letting me know how it’s
going? Also, could I remind you that the deadline for submission is this Friday, June 14th? Your insights into
Canadian sports will surely enrich our readers’understanding of global sports culture, which will be of benefit to us.
Thank you again for your support!
Best wishes,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生给外教Chris 写一封邮件，询问他上个月答应写一篇介绍
加拿大体育运动的文章的进展，并提醒交稿时间。
【详解】1. 词汇积累：
询问：inquire →ask
理解：understanding →comprehension
此外：also →besides
肯定地：surely →certainly
2.句式拓展：
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing to politely inquire about the progress of the article.
拓展句：As you know, I’m writing to politely inquire about the progress of the article.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】Would you mind letting me know how it’s going?（运用了how 引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型 2】
Your insights into Canadian sports will surely enrich our readers’understanding of global sports
culture, which will be of benefit to us. （运用了which 引导的非限制性定语从句 ）
