第03 讲 必修1-3 词汇考点
目录
01 课标达标练
【题型一】易考单词变形
【题型二】核心单词拼写
【题型三】重点短语词组
02 核心突破练
【题型一】阅读词汇和短语
【题型二】完形词汇和短语
【题型三】语法填空词汇和短语
03 高考溯源练
01 课标达标练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．It was you devotion that made your talent more brilliant and (impress).
2．Reading provides many (opportunity) for students to view the world.
3．From beef balls to rice noodle rolls, there are (vary) dishes that have been baked, boiled, steamed
or fried.
4．Volunteers are more (like) to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical
activity into their lives.
5． (actual), I like acting better, but my friends go to the Ballet Club and I want to be with them.
6．She told me how (create) my designs were.
7．The mental (strong) that he showed made him unique.
8．They have also helped companies make better machines that doctors (regular) use. （所给词的适
当形式填空）
9．Only under your (profession) guidance can we finish our task smoothly.
10．Exercise can improve (memorize) retention.
11．Everyone admired her (patient) and unfailing good humour.
12．How can I ever repay you for your (generous)? （所给词的适当形式填空）
13．David brought us a very meaningful and (inspire)game.
14．Embarrassed and (shame), I can’t concentrate on anything. Please help！
15．Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some (amaze) music.
16．Her immediate (react) to the good news was to call her best friend and share the excitement.
17．Despite facing financial hardships, he (eventual) graduated with honors and landed a well-
paying job in his chosen field.
18．The reason why this was difficult was that the team had (limit) resources.
19．He felt quite pleased because the villagers were living in (harmonious) with nature once more.
20．In spite of the (limit) resources, they still made great progress in the research.
21．While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us (benefit) Vitamin D．
22．She asked her teacher for (permit) to leave the classroom early due to a family emergency.
23．Her (energy) performance on stage left the audience feeling inspired and excited.
24．The government's new policies aim to promote (sustain) development by balancing economic
growth with environmental protection.（所给词的适当形式填空）
25．The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the (absent) of smog and
plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air.
26．Over the years, the Internet has made our lives more (convenience) than ever.
27．Unless you respect other people’s religion, (horror) mistakes and conflict will occur.
28．Every citizen has the (free) to express their opinions.
29．The Northern Lights are one of the most breathtaking natural (phenomenon) in the world.
30．A peaceful environment is of great importance to (globe) development.
31．The company made an immediate (respond) to the customer’s complaint, offering a full refund and
an apology.
32．When exercising, you should wear proper clothes and (equip) in case you get injured.
33．These exercises help free the body of (tense).
34．Police are trying to establish the cause of (dead).
35．One of the (goal) that Huawei has set is to achieve independent chip production.
36．In a recent book, he advocated much more government (involve) in health care.
37．The biggest advantage is that the height of the bicycle seat is (adjust).
38．After failing the examination, he naturally felt (disappoint) and frustrated, but he didn’t lose
heart.
39．I (absolute) enjoy the Spring Festival, which is one of the most popular traditional festivals in China.
40．The origins of the idioms were very fun but nowadays the (origin) meanings of some idioms have
varied.
41．The actor’s performance was so (drama) that it brought the audience to tears.
42．It was announced that the (fly) to Tibet was put off on account of bad weather.
43．Xi’an, an ancient capital of China, has secured a place among the most popular (destination)
for the enchanting appeal.
44．The (major) of employees support flexible working hours, according to the survey.
45．Many historical figures were known for their (cruel), yet others showed great compassion.
46．Pandas have survived the danger of (extinct).
47．To improve the quality of life through work, more (strategy) are necessary.
48．The child seemed (annoy) when he found his gift broken.
49．His hearing (disable) requires the use of a hearing aid (助听器).
50．The scholar made a significant (contribute) to restoring ancient documents.
51．The moon landing in 1969 marked a historic (achieve) for mankind.
52．Festivals around the world have a wide range of (origin).
53．The principal’s (declare) about the new dress code was posted on the bulletin board yesterday.
54．This battle that you are interested in was (vivid) recorded in the article.
55．One day, the (psychology) saw a young couple in a small coffee house.
56．Applying for jobs can be a long and (pain) process.
57．Rockman often shows nature as defined by a struggle for (survive) with a never-ending repetition of
life and death.
58．The (announce) was not entirely unexpected, but she still felt really surprised.
59．Have you witnessed the (erupt) of a volcano?
60．The point of my question may not be (immediate) apparent.
题型二 核心单词拼写
61．The young man (道歉) to the lady for spilling coffee on her dress.
62．I don’t know what (物质) this dress is made from.
63．Does the writer give a clear (描述) of the problem?
64．Don’t miss this precious (机会)to study abroad.
65．This exhibition gave thousands of young people the opportunity to develop their (创造性的) skills.
66．Snow (改变) the way scientists study diseases.
67．Her kind (性格) made her popular among her friends and classmates.
68．There has been a (迁移) of people from the country to the towns.
69．His work has been criticized for being (肤浅的).
70．The children played a (诡计) on their neighbors by hiding their mailboxes.
71．It is (典型的) of him to help strangers without expecting anything in return.
72．They took up arms and fought for justice and (自由).
73．The magician made the coin (消失) right before our eyes.
74．There is rising (紧张) along the border.
75．He had a narrow (逃离) from the earthquake, with only minor injuries on his arm.
76．In the speech, he explained some of the positive (方面) of technological development.
77．The book (属于) to the library should be returned on time.
78．Students should become more (独立的) of their teachers.
79．Once they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission (程序).
80．Despite hundreds of (失败), they finally came across a promising chemical.
题型三 重点短语词组
81．同她争论这样琐碎的小事是浪费时间的。
It is such a trivial matter.
82．与那件工艺品相比，这件更有创意。
In with that craft, this one is more .
83．Mr Reed went to Terry quietly and Terry’s phone.
里德先生悄悄地走到特里身边，拿起了特里的电话。
84．这张优雅的桌子以及这些椅子，都是由一位著名艺术家设计的。
The elegant table, the chairs, by a famous artist.
85．他一回国就投入研究，为国家发展做出了巨大贡献。
China, he devoted himself to his research, the development of his country.
86．你应该向你的朋友道歉，以防你的错误给他们带来麻烦。
You should to your friends in your mistake caused them trouble.
87．我很抱歉不能参加你的生日会，因为我有一件重要的事要处理。
I'm sorry for not being able to attend your birthday party, for I .
88．随着越来越多的外国人爱上中文，已有超过五百多所的孔子学院在全世界范围建立。
With more and more foreigners , more than five hundred Confucius Institutes
all around the world.
89．运动有助于你保持健康和接触大自然。
Sports can help you keep fit and nature.
90．杰克已经不再是原来那个懒惰的男孩了。
Jack is that he used to be.
91．如果按计划实施，这次合并将诞生亚洲最大的科技公司。
The merger, as planned, will create the largest tech company in Asia.
92．He asked me to for any spelling mistakes.
他叫我把文章检查一下，看有没有什么拼写错误。
93．He is friendly to us. And , he studies very well.
他对我们很友好，而且，他学得很好。
94． , you should act.
你既然表示了决心, 就应该付诸行动。
95．She was always well the rest of the class.
她总是遥遥领先班上的其他同学。
96．很难理解她为什么要在会上讲那些事情。
It’s difficult to why she said those things at the meeting.
97．当史密斯先生宣读考试结果时，我们都屏息静听。
We to listen while Mr. Smith announced the results of the exam.
98．学习并不总是那么容易，但从长远看它总是有益的。
Learning is not always easy, but it is always beneficial ．
99．现在他不依赖父母，可以自己谋生了。
Now he is independent of his parents and can for himself.
100．我相信我们每个人都能为社会做出贡献。
I believe that everyone of us can the development of society.
02 核心突破练
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
A
（2025·辽宁沈阳·模拟预测）“What have I gotten myself into?” I wondered as I sat through a research
meeting conducted entirely in Polish, unable to even read the title on the screen. Having only basic Polish language
skills, I found my experiment in cross-cultural cooperation more challenging than I had expected.
The idea of spending time abroad hadn’t occurred to me until my advisor suggested it during my first year.
With his support, I enjoyed a remarkable summer in a laboratory in Japan, which left me wanting more. So, I
applied for a Fulbright fellowship in Poland. To receive the fellowship, I first had to find a lab to host me, and
neither I nor my advisor had any connections to Poland.
Relying on Google to translate lab websites, I began to send cold emails. When my eventual host responded,
eager to collaborate, I was thrilled. I suddenly felt the possibilities for my research career were endless and global.
I was the first visiting scholar my research group had hosted from the United States, and my Polish
colleagues were curious about what brought me to their country. This led to many fruitful discussions about the
similarities and differences in how science is conducted across cultures. For example, much of the funding in
Poland is awarded to teams rather than individuals. The system promotes cross-disciplinary ( 跨学科的)
cooperations across the country, which in turn shapes how scientists design and carry out studies.
I learned as much about the history and culture in Central and Eastern Europe as I did scientifically.
Colleagues related firsthand accounts about challenges the region faced during the Cold War. Many laboratories
had limited resources, and they rarely published their research in English. Those conditions helped shape research
on antimicrobial treatment into bacteriophage and antibiotics, and Poland remain leaders in the former to this day.
My cultural immersion made me a better researcher. I now see cross-cultural cooperations as a way to
overcome communication barriers that can block progress in science. By stepping outside my comfort zone, I
gained the confidence to navigate my research in new directions that I might have otherwise boxed myself out of.
1．Why did the author apply for fellowship in Poland?
A．To practice Polish and learn its culture.
B．To have another rewarding experience.
C．To follow the advisor’s suggestion.
D．To continue the research started in Japan.
2．How did the author benefit from the experience in Polland?
A．He became an expert in Cold War history.
B．He had access to cross-disciplinary cooperations.
C．He secured abundant funding for future research projects.
D．He obtained scientific knowledge and a global perspective.
3．Which words best describe the author?
A．Helpful and determined.
B．Cautious and innovative.
C．Adventurous and inquisitive.
D．Curious and competitive.
4．What does the author imply about cross-cultural cooperations?
A．They are essential for the advancement of science.
B．They might box researchers out of a certain direction.
C．They should prioritize language training over research.
D．They are valueless for creative minds in scientific field.
B
（2025·江苏南京·一模）From an airplane, cars crawling down the highway look like ants. But actual ants
— unlike cars — can avoid the stop-and-go traffic. On a driveway with 15 vehicles per mile, one driver tapping
their brakes can cause a persistent traffic jam. Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative strategies to
learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up.
Previous research had shown that ants can maintain their flow even at high densities (密度). So what’s their
secret? In a recent study published in Transportation Research, researchers recorded ants on trails and used traffic-
engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of
3 to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another and they don’t speed
up to pass others.
Human drivers at rush hour hardly tend to follow such rules. “We’re maximizing the interests of individuals.
That is why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says study co-author Nicola Pugno, who studies solid
mechanics at the University of Trento. In his vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would avoid traffic jams by
prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road.
Like ants on a trail, which use scent ( 气味) to control behavior while interacting with one another, the
autonomous vehicle network would help cars keep constant speeds while collecting and sharing information.
“There is no leader,” but this organization emerges anyway, says Noa Pinter-Wollman, a behavioral scientist at the
University of California. And in both ant and vehicle traffic, this type of distributed system can be very strong and
changeable.
Still, ants can do a lot of things that cars — even self-driving ones — can’t, the researcher points out. Ants
can make trails as wide as they like, unlike drivers stuck on highways. Plus, unlike cars, ants don’t crash; they can
literally walk over one another. Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam:
by leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense traffic
conditions that would otherwise give rise to a traffic jam with no obvious cause.
1．Which is the contributing factor to ants’ stable traffic at high densities?
A．Slow speed.
B．Varied trails.
C．Sufficient space.
D．Strict rules.
2．Which of the following is in line with Nicola Pugno’s opinion?
A．Prioritizing interests can lead to inefficient traffic flow.
B．Human drivers usually break the traffic rules at rush hour.
C．Human drivers will drive more slowly than autonomous vehicles.
D．Autonomous vehicles may be programmed to improve traffic situation.
3．What can we learn about autonomous vehicle network?
A．It can keep vehicle speed under control.
B．It can provide drivers with changeable routes.
C．It can form a solid and flexible traffic system.
D．It can use scent to communicate with vehicles.
4．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．What ants will do when they face traffic jams.
B．How ants may save you from future traffic jams.
C．What we can benefit from autonomous vehicles.
D．Why we should keep good distances while driving.
C
（2025·山东·二模）Chocolate is a popular snack, but the price of it continues to rise. Cocoa from the cacao
tree is the basic ingredient of chocolate; the trees thrive in warm and damp climates but are struggling due to
increasing aridity — a slow but non-stop drying of the land. This issue extends to producers around the globe,
threatening cocoa production and livelihoods of farmers.
Over the past 30 years, more than three-quarters of the Earth’s landmass has become drier. This dryness is a
long-term transformation with disastrous consequences for ecosystems, agriculture, and livelihoods.
Aridity arises from human-driven factors, including greenhouse gas emissions, unsustainable land use, and
natural resource degradation. Climate change, primarily caused by fossil fuel consumption and deforestation,
increases global temperatures, accelerating evaporation (蒸发) and heightening water shortage — even in regions
with moderate rainfall.
Unsustainable land use further intensifies aridity. Practices like deforestation and industrial farming degrade
soils, removing them from protective vegetation and essential nutrients. In cocoa-producing regions, deforestation
upsets local water cycles and wears away the topsoil. Degraded soils hold less water, deepening drought conditions.
Cocoa is just one crop at risk. Major agricultural zones are also affected. By 2100, up to 5 billion people may
live in dry lands, stretching food systems to their limit and forcing migration. Aridity also threatens ecosystems.
Wildlife struggles to adapt, and plant species suited to warm and damp conditions fail to survive. Economic losses
are overwhelming — Africa saw a 12% GDP decline from 1990 to 2015 due to rising aridity. Governments face
additional burdens from sandstorms, wildfires, and water shortages.
While aridity’s effects are severe, they are not entirely changeless. Restoring degraded lands, improving soil
health, and adopting sustainable farming practices can help. Efficient water management, investment in renewable
energy, and international cooperation are essential in battling aridity.
As chocolate prices hit record highs in early 2025 due to dry conditions in Africa, addressing aridity is a
matter of urgency. Beyond saving chocolate, it’s about preserving the planet’s ability to sustain life.
1．What’s the main reason for the rising price of chocolate?
A．The decline of cocoa production.
B．The high cost of basic ingredients.
C．The increasing demand for chocolate.
D．The shortage of cocoa tree plantations.
2．What do we know about aridity?
A．It is mainly caused by natural factors.
B．It only affects cocoa-producing regions.
C．It has a wide-ranging impact on various aspects.
D．It will disappear if sustainable land use is adopted.
3．Why is Africa’s GDP decline mentioned in paragraph 5?
A．To show aridity only causes economic losses in Africa.
B．To prove Africa is the most severely affected by aridity.
C．To criticize Africa lacks effective measures against aridity.
D．To illustrate aridity has a significant influence on economy.
4．Which of the following can fight against aridity?
A．Cutting off water supplies.
B．Replacing renewable energy.
C．Promoting soil conservation.
D．Practicing industrial farming.
题型二 完形词汇和短语
A
（2025·陕西·模拟预测）Food has a special way of 1 people. As José Andres said, it brings back
memories, unites people, and 2 us to faraway places. My mom’s 3 cooking in Illinois, a
French sandwich from a street stand in Italy, and a grilled hot dog at the Grand Canyon with my family all hold
precious 4 . These moments remind us that food is more than sustenance — it’s a bridge between hearts,
histories, and shared experiences that linger long after the meal ends.
Trying different foods is like 5 new cultures. Sharing meals helps us understand others better.
Every bite gives 6 insight into the local community, whether it’s the spices of a Moroccan tagine or the
simplicity of a Japanese tea ceremony. That’s why we made a guide to the best 7 in each state, from
Alaska’s salmon salad rooted in Indigenous traditions to Wyoming’s bison burgers celebrating frontier heritage.
We also share a chef’s story of mastering all the recipes her mentor 8 with her, and customers’ tips
on the 9 that transformed her cooking. These tales feel like 10 wisdom from a kitchen
companion, — simple, heartfelt, and deeply warm.
As Anthony Bourdain said, food might not fix everything, but it’s a 11 start. Let’s begin by 12
new tastes. Whether at home or 13 , food connects us uniquely. So 14 a napkin and enjoy every
meal, which is a unique chance to 15 — whether through flavors, stories, or the quiet joy of a shared
table.
1．A．dividing
B．connecting
C．amusing
D．testing
2．A．transports
B．invites
C．restricts
D．returns
3．A．terrible
B．fast
C．homemade
D．restaurant
4．A．pain
B．memories
C．secrets
D．dreams
5．A．avoiding
B．creating
C．exploring
D．leaving
6．A．a piece of
B．a bite of
C．a handful of
D．a view of
7．A．book
B．drink
C．food
D．salad
8．A．hid
B．shared
C．bought
D．forgot
9．A．novels
B．workouts
C．dishes
D．hobbies
10．A．flavorful
B．useless
C．confusing
D．technical
11．A．wrong
B．tiny
C．bad
D．good
12．A．refusing
B．seeking
C．disliking
D．forgetting
13．A．abroad
B．upstairs
C．above
D．late
14．A．wash
B．lose
C．grab
D．burn
15．A．imagine
B．experience
C．regret
D．wait
B
（2025·浙江宁波·一模）My sister Lily decided to take up cycling to get fit after years of a sedentary office
job. I wholeheartedly 1 her decision, knowing how important it was for her well- being. To show my
support, I bought her a nice pair of cycling gloves and signed up for a local 20- mile cycling event with her.
As we gathered at the starting point on that sunny but breezy morning, we 2 our bikes nervously,
checking the gears and brakes one last time. “Are you sure you won’t get annoyed if I 3 a bit slower?”
she asked, her eyes filled with a mix of excitement and worry. She had only started 4 on weekends a
month ago. “Of course not,” I reassured her with a smile.
When the starting horn 5 , Lily pedaled off steadily. At first, I stayed right beside her, chatting and
enjoying the scenery. But as the road opened up and the wind seemed to push me forward, my competitive side
took over. I gradually 6 my speed, thinking she would catch up. After a few miles, I looked back, and
Lily was no longer in my line of sight. I kept going, pushing myself harder, and crossed the finish line in a 7
time of just under an hour. I felt a rush of pride, despite not having trained intensively.
Lily arrived at the finish line almost twenty minutes later, her face red and tired. She was clearly 8
, feeling that she had let me down. I couldn’t believe she thought that way. I gave her a big hug and told her how
proud I was of her for even finishing the race.
Determined to improve, Lily made a plan. She decided to cycle to work three times a week and 9
to participate in more cycling events. I watched her 10 early in the morning, even when it was foggy or
drizzling. I saw her face strong headwinds and deal with flat tires on the 11 country roads. There were
times when she was 12 by steep hills and wanted to give up, but she never did.
Finally, the day of the big regional cycling race came. This time, I made up my mind to stay with her. We
pedaled side by side, encouraging each other. When we were about to reach the finish line, Lily found some extra
strength and 13 ahead. She crossed the line just a few seconds before me, her eyes shining with joy and
14 . She had not only overcome her own self - doubt but also achieved a goal she once thought was impossible.
Her 15 legs from hours of cycling didn’t seem to bother her at all; all that mattered was the sense of
accomplishment she felt.
1．A．questioned
B．understood
C．backed
D．ignored
2．A．examined
B．cleaned
C．rode
D．parked
3．A．run
B．cycle
C．drive
D．walk
4．A．practicing
B．competing
C．traveling
D．resting
5．A．blew
B．rang
C．disappeared
D．broke
6．A．maintained
B．reduced
C．increased
D．measured
7．A．disappointing
B．average
C．ordinary
D．remarkable
8．A．happy
B．embarrassed
C．angry
D．relaxed
9．A．aimed
B．agreed
C．pretended
D．happened
10．A．set out
B．turn back
C．give up
D．slow down
11．A．crowded
B．smooth
C．lonely
D．busy
12．A．frightened
B．challenged
C．attracted
D．guided
13．A．looked
B．fell
C．rushed
D．stayed
14．A．pride
B．surprise
C．relief
D．fear
15．A．long
B．thin
C．strong
D．sore
C
（2025·山东潍坊·三模）Years ago, Joan Murray, an American bank employee, was testing new skydiving
equipment. Aged 47, she 1 from the plane and went into free-fall. She pulled her toggle (拴扣钉), but
nothing happened. Murray was left 14,000 feet above the ground, 2 at a speed of 80 miles per hour.
When most of us would have started screaming, and saying our last prayers, she remained 3 and pulled
the toggle for her reserve parachute (降落伞). 4 , while it opened, Murray was still turning in circles
rapidly and so the parachute became twisted, failing as a result. At 700 feet above the ground, her chances of 5
were nearly zero.
However, when Murray finally 6 the ground, she ended up landing on a mound (土丘) of ants.
And they weren’t just any ordinary ants, but red ants. 7 by the sudden disturbance, they attacked her.
Murray was unable to move, remarkably still conscious, trying to 8 her breath. She felt a 9
sensation on her back. The bites, though painful, kept her alive until the 10 arrived. Then, Murray was
rushed to Carolina Medical Center, where doctors discovered she had 11 several broken bones and
missing teeth. They performed reconstructive operations on her.
However, it was the ants’ 12 — over 200, according to Legends of Surgery — that kept Murray
alive. The angry ants’ poison 13 her, filling her with adrenaline (肾上腺素) and keeping her heart from
stopping.
Murray 14 and, two years after the accident, bravely took to the skies again. Murray’s story is a
reminder that even in the most desperate situations, life can find a 15 way to survive.
1．A．dived
B．escaped
C．dropped
D．climbed
2．A．driving
B．traveling
C．bouncing
D．running
3．A．still
B．confused
C．calm
D．excited
4．A．Unfortunately
B．Interestingly
C．Apparently
D．Undoubtedly
5．A．death
B．arrival
C．departure
D．survival
6．A．hit
B．approached
C．swept
D．broke
7．A．Inspired
B．Angered
C．Convinced
D．Attracted
8．A．save
B．catch
C．hold
D．waste
9．A．falling
B．freezing
C．refreshing
D．burning
10．A．police
B．ambulance
C．families
D．journalists
11．A．assessed
B．lost
C．sustained
D．cured
12．A．bites
B．efforts
C．poison
D．population
13．A．fed
B．weakened
C．scared
D．shocked
14．A．checked out
B．showed off
C．pulled through
D．looked back
15．A．normal
B．peaceful
C．strange
D．dangerous
题型三 语法填空词汇和短语
A
（2025·江苏泰州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jiangsu Taizhou High School, 1 unique and outstanding educational institution worthy of note,
2 (leave) a profound mark on the educational landscape of the region in recent years.
The campus of the school is truly a splendid place. It sprawls over a large area 3 (dot) with green
lawns and towering trees. Throughout the year, a rich variety of flowers burst into bloom, adding a touch of vivid
color. The teaching buildings are spacious and well-equipped. Classrooms are bright and spotless, 4
(provide) a comfortable environment for students to study. Apart from these, the school has advanced laboratories,
which enable us to conduct interesting 5 (science) experiments.
Teachers are the very core of the school, who are highly professional and passionate about teaching. By
employing diverse teaching methods, they make complex knowledge easy 6 (understand). Their attention
is not only fixed on students’ academic achievements 7 on their personal development.
There are 8 (number) activities for students in this school. For instance, the annual sports meeting
is filled with thrills, 9 students can show their athletic abilities. Cultural festivals also offer a platform for
them to display their talents in art, music, and so on. It comes 10 no surprise that these activities can
enrich their school life and help them develop teamwork. Altogether, Taizhou High School is a place that nurtures
students’ dreams and help them move forward.
B
（2025·陕西安康·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The long-tailed stonefly, Zelandoperla, a native insect of New Zealand, once existed in large numbers in
forest ecosystems where it adopted a clever survival strategy: It imitated ( 模仿) the 1 (appear) of a
uniquely poisonous stonefly, Austroperla, 2 forest insect that produces deadly chemicals to frighten away
birds. However, the research team from New Zealand’s University of Otago have found that in deforested areas
without Austroperla in the picture, and 3 fewer birds, some Zelandoperla have given up the trick.
Zelandoperla’s successful disguise (伪装) frightened their feathered enemies, 4 were unable to tell
the difference between it and Austroperla and went away from both. Austroperla belongs to forest-dwelling species:
It lives in streams where it feeds on leaves and woody pieces. However, the forests 5 (destroy), with the
arrival of European settlers, who brought with them 6 (extend) logging practices. The ecological balance
began to collapse. In those deforested areas, Austroperla’s 7 (prefer) food sources were lacking, leading
to a severe reduction in the population of Austroperla. As a result, in such regions, the imitating species now has
abandoned the imitation strategy, instead 8 (transform) into a different color to better suit its new, less
dangerous surroundings.
The findings provide strong evidence of “the possibility for populations to adapt 9 (rapid) in the
wake of sudden environmental change,” the team write in their published paper. As shown by Zelandoperla’s shift
in color and behavior, life finds a way 10 (adjust) and survive even under challenging circumstances.
C
（2025·广西柳州·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hoarding (囤积症) is a disorder where a person collects items and stores them in a typically chaotic manner,
so that their environment grows messy or begins to block the person’s ability to live their life. The hoarded items
will not 1 (necessary) have monetary value, because hoarding behavior is more often a sign of anxiety in
a person’s life 2 a reflection of the value of the items themselves.
The underlying reasons for uncontrollable collecting vary from person to person: Some hoarders save items
because they can imagine future uses for them, while others resist 3 (throw) away objects for reasons
rooted in sorrow or fear.
Actually 4 (link) to anxiety, low mood, or depression, hoarding is not about people being lazy or
dirty. When people are emotionally struggling, they don’t always have the energy to look after 5 (they),
let alone their homes. In response to sorrow and 6 (lose), people sometimes turn to uncontrolled items
collecting, in 7 situation, hoarding disorder can be 8 form of self-neglect, and people
experiencing it deserve support and sympathy.
Addressing hoarding, especially when such behavior is an extension of otherwise understandable beliefs,
9 (be) difficult. However, putting systems and steps in place around item management will make everyday life
easier for those hoarders in the future, lessening such tendencies. 10 is important is to be aware of the
way that external stresses may be pushing individuals to develop or deepen hoarding behavior.
03 高考溯源练
A
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his
town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after
her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students,
who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?”
Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis ( 论
点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written
pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would
have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.
This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit
followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre ( 体裁)
and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,
10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students
demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook
full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s
skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
1．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1?
A．Ninth graders.
B．Students’ parents.
C．Modern writers.
D．Fictional characters.
2．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay?
A．They were not given enough time.
B．They had a very limited vocabulary.
C．They misunderstood the question.
D．They had little interest in the topic.
3．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Mixed.
B．Amazing.
C．Similar.
D．Disturbing.
4．What does the author’s experience show?
A．Teaching is learning.
B．Still waters run deep.
C．Knowledge is power.
D．Practice makes perfect.
B
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t
seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 1 the beloved home our family had
spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 2 we were moving to in town, donated
what we could, and rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 4
with things that, while not particularly 5 , didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting
additional 6 , another asking for a price cut. As our 7 day drew near, I settled on a new price
($0) and reposted it. The 8 : “I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.” In an instant, a woman raced into my
house and left happily with the vase.
9 , I posted more. My daily posts and the 10 I received became a precious ray of light in
the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to 11 the landfill and to please another person I
might not otherwise have 12 .
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 13 that share our small space. I take 14
in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is 15 something that couldn’t come with us.
1．A．painting over
B．looking around
C．emptying out
D．pulling down
2．A．hotel
B．office
C．cottage
D．apartment
3．A．store
B．display
C．sell
D．repair
4．A．covered
B．decorated
C．stuffed
D．equipped
5．A．conventional
B．valuable
C．complicated
D．tolerable
6．A．fees
B．photos
C．receipts
D．models
7．A．move
B．pay
C．market
D．work
8．A．warning
B．request
C．description
D．reply
9．A．Confused
B．Interested
C．Disappointed
D．Encouraged
10．A．visits
B．reports
C．advice
D．money
11．A．remove
B．spare
C．find
D．check
12．A．investigated
B．recognized
C．encountered
D．recommended
13．A．giveaways
B．posts
C．contributions
D．belongings
14．A．joy
B．part
C．care
D．time
15．A．anticipating
B．appreciating
C．delivering
D．withdrawing
C
（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整
的短文。
“What is your name? ” is a question most frequently asked when people meet for the first time. But for me, it
was the first challenge I encountered as an international student in Ireland.
The pronunciation system of the Chinese language is quite different from that of English. For native speakers
of English, some Chinese words are rather difficult to pronounce. My given name Qiuyu (秋雨), for instance,
happened to be a great challenge for many of them. Every time I gave a self-introduction, I had to explain how to
pronounce my name at least five times, yet they still could not say it the way I did.
Once in a lecture, the professor tried repeating my name after me over and over in front of thirty classmates.
I really did not know whether I should continue correcting him or simply drop the matter. I feared that my
classmates might grow tired of my efforts or even lose patience with me. After all, I did care about how others
would think of me. I realized that if I didn’t stop, the entire lecture would be ruined. “It’s okay, professor,” I
shrugged (耸肩). The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter. I forced a smile, unsure how to
respond further.
After that incident, I stopped acting as a “Chinese teacher.” Instead of correcting others when they were
struggling to pronounce my name, I just smiled and nodded approvingly. This approach spared me the discomfort
of having to over-explain. However, I soon found that by doing so, I might be losing something more important: the
opportunity to share a small part of my cultural identity.
注意：
(1) 续写词数应为150 个左右；
(2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
In a class discussion, I was invited to explain the meaning of my name.
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Many of my classmates got interested and came up to me after class.
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