第03 讲 完形填空——夹叙夹议
目录
01 课标达标练（完形填空）
考向 夹叙夹议文
02 核心突破练
夹叙夹议文创新练
03 真题溯源练
01 课标达标练（完形填空）
考向 夹叙夹议文
1.（2025·江西省新余市实验中学高三下学期押题模拟卷（四））
词数：243 话题：保护生态系统 体裁：夹叙夹议
I was always interested in biology. However, it wasn’t until I saw a film about cave diving in secondary
school — in which I 1 divers glide past massive stalactites (钟乳石) — that I 2 I wanted to
study cave animals. The video didn’t mention the creatures 3 in those underwater houses, but I 4
they must be there. More than just naming them, I wanted to understand their ecology, which meant I needed to
study them in their 5 habitat.
Cave diving requires 6 equipment and coordinated (协调) groups. I 7 carry lights and
navigation tools, and bring extra air tanks. During trips, I use nets and test tubes to collect tiny, nearly 8
animals floating in the water. We’ve come to understand that caves are full of life: shrimp, sea stars and worms, all
9 life in low-light environments.
Although underwater caves might seem far removed from surface environments, research has shown that
these worlds are 10 in many ways. In places such as the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico, jungles 11
water directly from underground sinkholes as it 12 towards the sea, where it connects with offshore coral
reefs. If pollutants get 13 , they can affect these ecosystems. I’m researching the resilience (恢复力) of
cave ecosystems to climate change.
If we don’t 14 these mysterious places, they could be gone before we have the 15 to
understand them. And everything that makes them unique will disappear too.
1．A．watched
B．heard
C．sensed
D．felt
2．A．admitted
B．noticed
C．reminded
D．realized
3．A．hiding
B．living
C．floating
D．sleeping
4．A．knew
B．learned
C．doubted
D．ensured
5．A．reasonable
B．comfortable
C．modern
D．natural
6．A．expensive
B．special
C．fashionable
D．beautiful
7．A．only
B．ever
C．always
D．never
8．A．unbelievable
B．valuable
C．invisible
D．attractive
9．A．adapted for
B．appealed to
C．devoted to
D．prepared for
10．A．silenced
B．mirrored
C．linked
D．encouraged
11．A．push
B．absorb
C．drink
D．pollute
12．A．gets
B．strikes
C．rises
D．flows
13．A．home
B．spread
C．there
D．underground
14．A．conserve
B．touch
C．reach
D．find
15．A．knowledge
B．energy
C．decision
D．chance
【答案】
1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．B
12．D 13．D 14．A 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者因一部洞穴潜水的电影而对研究洞穴动物产生兴趣，介
绍了洞穴潜水的情况以及洞穴生态系统与外界的联系，强调保护洞穴的重要性。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，直到我在中学看到一部关于洞穴潜水的电影——在电影中我看到潜
水者从巨大的钟乳石旁滑过——我才意识到我想研究洞穴动物。A. watched 观看；B. heard 听到；C. sensed
感觉到；D. felt 感觉。根据前文“it wasn’t until I saw a film about cave diving”可知，作者是在电影中观看潜
水者的动作。故选A 项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，直到我在中学看到一部关于洞穴潜水的电影——在电影中我看到潜
水者从巨大的钟乳石旁滑过——我才意识到我想研究洞穴动物。A. admitted 承认；B. noticed 注意到；C.
reminded 提醒；D. realized 意识到。根据后文“I wanted to study cave animals”可知，作者在看了电影后意识
到自己的兴趣所在。故选D 项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：视频没有提到生活在那些水下“房子”里的生物，但我知道它们一定在那
里。A. hiding 隐藏；B. living 生活；C. floating 漂浮；D. sleeping 睡觉。根据前文“cave animals”和后文“in
those underwater houses”可知，这里说的是生活在水下洞穴里的生物。故选B 项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：视频没有提到生活在那些水下“房子”里的生物，但我知道它们一定在那
里。A. knew 知道；B. learned 学习；C. doubted 怀疑；D. ensured 确保。根据前文“I was always interested in
biology”以及常识，作者凭借自己的生物学知识知道水下洞穴里一定有生物。故选A 项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不仅仅是给它们命名，我想了解它们的生态，这意味着我需要在它们
的自然栖息地研究它们。A. reasonable 合理的；B. comfortable 舒适的；C. modern 现代的；D. natural 自然
的。根据前文“More than just naming them, I wanted to understand their ecology”可知，研究生态需要在自然
状态下，也就是自然栖息地，所以这里强调要在自然栖息地研究洞穴动物。故选D 项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：洞穴潜水需要特殊的设备和协调的团队。A. expensive 昂贵的；B. special
特殊的；C. fashionable 时尚的；D. beautiful 美丽的。根据后文“carry lights and navigation tools, and bring
extra air tanks”可知，洞穴潜水的设备是特殊的。故选B 项。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我总是带着灯和导航工具，并带上额外的气罐。A. only 仅仅；B. ever 曾经；
C. always 总是；D. never 从不。根据结合常识和前文“Cave diving requires 6 equipment”可推知，灯、导
航工具和额外气罐都是洞穴潜水时经常要携带的。故选C 项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在旅途中，我用网和试管收集漂浮在水中的微小的、几乎看不见的动物。
A. unbelievable 难以置信的；B. valuable 有价值的；C. invisible 看不见的；D. attractive 有吸引力的。根据前
文“tiny”可知，这些动物很小，几乎看不见。故选C 项。
9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们逐渐了解到洞穴里充满了生命：虾、海星和蠕虫，它们都适应了弱光
环境下的生活。A. adapted for 适应；B. appealed to 吸引；C. devoted to 致力于；D. prepared for 为……做准
备。根据前文“caves are full of life”和后文“life in low light environments”可推知，洞穴生物已经适应了弱
光环境。故选A 项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然水下洞穴似乎与地表环境相距甚远，但研究表明，这些世界在很多方
面是相互联系的。A. silenced 使沉默；B. mirrored 反映；C. linked 联系；D. encouraged 鼓励。根据后文“In
places such as the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico, jungles 11 water directly from underground sinkholes as it 12
towards the sea, where it connects with offshore coral reefs”可知，洞穴生态系统与外界是有联系的。故选C 项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在墨西哥尤卡坦半岛等地，丛林直接从地下灰岩坑中吸收水流——这些水
流将汇入海洋，并与近海珊瑚礁生态系统相连。A. push 推；B. absorb 吸收；C. drink 喝；D. pollute 污染。
根据常识，丛林需要吸收水分，且与“water”搭配，用absorb 合适。故选B 项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在墨西哥尤卡坦半岛等地，丛林直接从地下灰岩坑中吸收水流——这些水
流将汇入海洋，并与近海珊瑚礁生态系统相连。A. gets 到达；B. strikes 撞击；C. rises 上升；D. flows 流动。
根据常识，水是流动的，且“towards the sea”表示水是流向大海。故选D 项。
13．考查副词和名词词义辨析。句意：如果污染物进入地下，它们会影响这些生态系统。A. home 家；B.
spread 扩散；C. there 那里；D. underground 地下。根据前文“jungles 11 water directly from underground
sinkholes as it 12 towards the sea”可知，整个生态系统与地下环境相关，所以污染物进入地下会影响生态
系统。故选D 项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不保护这些神秘的地方，它们可能在我们有机会了解它们之前就
消失了。A. conserve 保护；B. touch 触摸；C. reach 到达；D. find 找到。根据后文“they could be gone
before we have the 15 to understand them”可知，需要对洞穴进行保护。故选A 项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不保护这些神秘的地方，它们可能在我们有机会了解它们之前就
消失了。A. knowledge 知识；B. energy 能量；C. decision 决定；D. chance 机会。根据前文“they could be
gone”可知，如果不保护，可能就没有机会了解这些地方了。故选D 项。
2.（2025·甘肃省甘南藏族自治州三下学期模拟预测）
词数：263 话题：追随激情、勇敢冒险 体裁：夹叙夹议
I always loved art. From the moment I could hold a crayon (蜡笔), I was drawing, painting, and creating.
But as I grew older, I was told it wasn’t a(n) “
1
” career. So, I studied business instead.
For years, I followed the safe path strictly. I got a degree, landed a stable job, and got
2
. But deep
down, I felt like something was deeply
3
. I would come home from work
4
tired, staring at
blank canvases (画布) in the corner of my room, wondering what could have been.
One day, I decided to take a
5
. I signed up for an art class and started painting again. At first, it
was
6
. I worried about what people would think and if I could even
7
. But with every
brushstroke, I felt a sense of
8
I hadn’t experienced in years.
That small
9
changed everything, I began to dedicate more time to my art,
10
with new
techniques and styles.
11
, I started sharing my work online, and to my surprise, people loved it.
Encouraged by their support, I took an even bigger leap: I quit my job and
12
my own art studio.
Now, I spend my days doing what I love — creating art and teaching others to embrace (拥抱) their
13
. That decision taught me that following your passion is never a mistake. One thing I’ve learned is: the scariest risks
often
14
the most rewarding journeys. Don’t let fear hold you back from pursuing what sets your
15
on fire.
1．A．contradictory
B．practical
C．ambitious
D．specific
2．A．recovered
B．stimulated
C．promoted
D．overlooked
3．A．missing
B．challenging
C．damaging
D．occurring
4．A．completely
B．accidentally
C．precisely
D．repeatedly
5．A．schedule
B．proposal
C．break
D．risk
6．A．inspiring
B．frightening
C．annoying
D．astonishing
7．A．dominate
B．cooperate
C．succeed
D．negotiate
8．A．progress
B．mission
C．tension
D．freedom
9．A．step
B．measure
C．coverage
D．trick
10．A．experimenting B．charging
C．comparing
D．identifying
11．A．Silently
B．Gradually
C．Unnaturally
D．Ultimately
12．A．decorated
B．rented
C．established
D．announced
13．A．perspective
B．confidence
C．description
D．creativity
14．A．set down
B．lead to
C．carry out
D．go through
15．A．fortune
B．courage
C．soul
D．motivation
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．A 11．B
12．C 13．D 14．B 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者从小热爱艺术，却因他人看法改学商务，后来冒险重拾
绘画，最终辞职开办工作室，感悟到追随激情、勇敢冒险能带来丰厚回报。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但随着年龄的增长，有人告诉我这不是一个“实用的”事业。A.
contradictory 矛盾的；B. practical 实用的；C. ambitious 有雄心的；D. specific 特定的。结合常识和后文
“So, I studied business instead.”可知，与商务相比，人们认为艺术不是实用的事业，所以作者才转而学习
商务。故选B 项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我严格遵循安全的道路。我获得了学位，找到了一份稳定的工作，
并得到了晋升。A. recovered 恢复；B. stimulated 刺激；C. promoted 晋升；D. overlooked 忽视。从前文“I
got a degree, landed a stable job”可知，作者在这条常规且安全的职业道路上稳步发展，按常理接下来会获得
晋升。故选C 项。
3．考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：但在内心深处，我觉得有什么东西深深地缺失了。A. missing 缺失
的；B. challenging 有挑战性的；C. damaging 有损害的；D. occurring 发生。结合后文“I would come home
from work 4 tired, staring at blank canvases (画布) in the corner of my room, wondering what could have
been.”可知，作者工作后疲惫且对现状不满，内心一直想着自己原本热爱的艺术，说明内心感觉有东西缺
失。故选A 项。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我下班回家时完全疲惫不堪，盯着房间角落里空白的画布，想着本来可能
会怎样。A. completely 完全地；B. accidentally 偶然地；C. precisely 精确地；D. repeatedly 反复地。根据前
文“But deep down”可知，作者对自己从事的工作并不满意，可知工作让他身心俱疲，所以是完全疲惫不
堪。故选A 项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我决定冒险一试。A. schedule 日程安排；B. proposal 提议；C.
break 休息；D. risk 冒险。后文“I signed up for an art class and started painting again.”表明作者重新开始追求
艺术，这与之前的“I followed the safe path strictly”不同，是一种冒险的行为。故选D 项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始，这很可怕。A. inspiring 鼓舞人心的；B. frightening 可怕的；C.
annoying 恼人的；D. astonishing 惊人的。从后文“I worried about what people would think”可知，作者担心
他人对自己重新画画的看法，所以一开始做这件事会觉得可怕。故选B 项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我担心人们会怎么想，以及我是否甚至能成功。A. dominate 支配；B.
cooperate 合作；C. succeed 成功；D. negotiate 协商。前文提到作者因为他人认为艺术不实用而放弃艺术选
择商业，现在重新开始画画，所以会担心自己不能成功，而且后文随着绘画有了新感受，也说明之前有对
成功的担忧。故选C 项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但每一笔画下去，我都感受到了一种多年未曾体验过的自由感。A. progress
进步；B. mission 使命；C. tension 紧张；D. freedom 自由。根据前文“I always loved art. From the moment I
could hold a crayon (蜡笔), I was drawing, painting, and creating.”和后文“I hadn’t experienced in years.”可知，
画画曾是作者热爱的事情，作者现在重拾画笔，所以能感受到自由。故选D 项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那一小步改变了一切。A. step 步骤，一步；B. measure 措施；C. coverage 覆
盖范围；D. trick 诡计。从后文作者开始投入更多时间在艺术上，还在网上分享作品等一系列变化可知，报
名参加艺术课重新开始画画这一行为是改变的开端，是朝着艺术迈出的一小步。故选A 项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始投入更多时间在我的艺术上，尝试新的技巧和风格。A.
experimenting 尝试，试验；B. charging 收费，充电；C. comparing 比较；D. identifying 识别。后文提到
“with new techniques and styles”，说明作者在艺术创作中是在尝试新的技巧和风格。故选A 项。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我开始在网上分享我的作品，令我惊讶的是，人们很喜欢它。A.
Silently 沉默地；B. Gradually 逐渐地；C. Unnaturally 不自然地；D. Ultimately 最终地。前文“I began to
dedicate more time to my art”提到作者重新开始画画，然后投入更多时间，接着应该是逐渐地开始在网上分
享作品，符合事情发展的逻辑。故选B 项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到他们支持的鼓舞，我迈出了更大的一步：我辞去了工作，创办了自己
的艺术工作室。A. decorated 装饰；B. rented 租赁；C. established 建立；D. announced 宣布。前文
“Encouraged by their support”和“quit my job”表明作者得到他人支持后，有了更大的决心和行动，就是建
立自己的艺术工作室。故选C 项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，我每天都在做我喜欢的事情——创作艺术并教别人拥抱他们的创造
力。A. perspective 观点；B. confidence 信心；C. description 描述；D. creativity 创造力。作者自己从事艺术
创作，艺术创作需要创造力，所以教别人的就是拥抱他们的创造力。故选D 项。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我学到的一件事是：最可怕的风险往往会带来最有回报的旅程。A. set
down 写下；B. lead to 导致，带来；C. carry out 执行；D. go through 经历。结合前文作者冒险重新追求艺术，
最终辞去工作开办工作室并做着自己喜欢的事，说明可怕的风险带来了有回报的旅程。故选B 项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要让恐惧阻止你去追求让你灵魂燃烧的东西。A. fortune 财富；B.
courage 勇气；C. soul 灵魂；D. motivation 动机。前文作者追随自己对艺术的热爱，即使有担忧和风险也坚
持，说明是内心深处的热爱，也就是让灵魂燃烧的东西。故选C 项。
3.（2025·江苏省泰州市海陵区泰州中学高三下学期第四次模拟预测）
词数：236 话题：强化努力能带来显著影响 体裁：夹叙夹议
I used to wonder why TV advertisers repeat the same commercial so often. But of course repetition 1
has a special force. The 2 of raising children works in all areas of life.
Take home 3 for example. For years I’ve collected furniture made with special weaving
techniques. Randomly thrown about in the house, it 4 very little. Yet when I 5 every bit in
one room, placing the furniture together and covering one wall with woven baskets, the impact was 6 ,
leaving a deep impression on everyone.
In human 7 , intensification of effort may produce important 8 — as it did for my
friend Paul. He lives far from his mother’s nursing home. Though he 9 sent long, newsy letters, his
mother was always
1 0
when he telephoned. Her usual
1 1
was “I was beginning to
wonder if I had a son”. Paul would
1 2
he’ d just written; she would insist she’d had no word for
weeks. So he
1 3
the letters, concluding that his mother’s concentration on the letters wasn’t the
same as his own. Now, he sends a daily greeting, very
1 4
. Sometimes it’s just a postcard or a note
saying, “Thinking of you.” He never misses a day — and the change in his mother’s attitude has been remarkable.
It is by raising your
1 5
level to the greatest possible degree that you can really make a
difference.
1．A．automation
B．intensification
C．diversification
D．satisfaction
2．A．influence
B．foundation
C．principle
D．instruction
3．A．cleaning
B．decoration
C．contribution
D．move
4．A．gave back
B．made up for
C．added up to
D．brought about
5．A．removed
B．discovered
C．decorated
D．gathered
6．A．damaging
B．negative
C．amazing
D．lasting
7．A．society
B．relationships
C．affairs
D．activity
8．A．gains
B．consequences
C．achievements
D．issues
9．A．hardly
B．occasionally
C．regularly
D．never
10．A．sleeping
B．forgetting
C．smiling
D．complaining
11．A．assumption
B．greeting
C．argument
D．apology
12．A．repeat
B．deny
C．question
D．protest
13．A．continued
B．edited
C．forwarded
D．quit
14．A．emotional
B．original
C．short
D．sincere
15．A．education
B．confidence
C．effort
D．energy
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．B
12．D 13．D 14．C 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要探讨重复和集中力量的原理，通过家居装饰和朋友与母亲的互动案
例，论证强化努力能带来显著影响。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但重复强化当然有一种特殊的力量。A. automation 自动化；B. intensification
强化；C. diversification 多样化；D. satisfaction 满足。根据上文“I used to wonder why TV advertisers repeat
the same commercial so often.(我过去常常想知道为什么电视广告商如此频繁地重复同样的广告)”可知，此处
指广告的“重复强化”符合语境。故选B 项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：养育孩子的原则适用于生活的各个领域。A. influence 影响；B. foundation 基
础；C. principle 原则；D. instruction 指令。根据上文的“But of course repetition _____1_____ has a special
force.”以及下文的“works in all areas of life”可知，养育孩子如广告重复强化一样会产生特殊的力量，由此
可知，此处指的是养育孩子所体现的“原则”具有普适性。故选C 项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：以家居装饰为例。A. cleaning 清洁；B. decoration 装饰；C. contribution 贡献；
D. move 移动。根据下文的“For years I’ve collected furniture made with special weaving techniques.(多年来，
我一直在收集用特殊编织技术制作的家具)”可知，此处指的是以“装饰”为例。故选B 项。
4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：随意摆放在家里，整体上没什么效果。A. gave back 归还；B. made up for 弥
补；C. added up to 导致，结果是；D. brought about 引起。根据上文的“Randomly thrown about in the house”
可知，零散摆放的家具“结果”不会产生什么影响。故选C 项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我把所有东西都收集到一个房间里，把家具放在一起，用编织篮
子覆盖一面墙时，效果惊人，给每个人都留下了深刻印象。A. removed 移除；B. discovered 发现；C.
decorated 装饰；D. gathered 收集。根据下文的“placing the furniture together and covering one wall with
woven baskets”可知，把家具放在一起，用编织篮子覆盖一面墙，由此可知，此处指的是先“收集”所有家
具。故选D 项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我把所有东西都收集到一个房间里，把家具放在一起，用编织
篮子覆盖一面墙时，效果惊人，给每个人都留下了深刻印象。A. damaging 破坏性的；B. negative 消极的；
C. amazing 惊人的；D. lasting 持久的。根据下文的“leaving a deep impression on everyone.”可知，集中摆放
的效果“惊人”符合语境。故选C 项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在人际关系中，努力的强化可能会产生重要的收获——就像我的朋友保罗
一样。A. society 社会；B. relationships 关系；C. affairs 事务；D. activity 活动。根据下文的“as it did for my
friend Paul.”及讲述的母子互动可知，此处指“人际关系”符合语境。故选B 项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在人际关系中，努力的强化可能会产生重要的收获——就像我的朋友保罗
一样。A. gains 收获；B. consequences 后果；C. achievements 成就；D. issues 问题。根据语境和下文的“He
never misses a day — and the change in his mother’s attitude has been remarkable.”可知，强化努力带来积极
“收获”，也就是不断的母子互动改变了母亲的态度。故选A 项。
9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管他定期寄去长篇大论的信件，但他打电话时母亲总是在抱怨。A. hardly
几乎不；B. occasionally 偶尔；C. regularly 经常，定期地；D. never 从不。根据下文的“sent long, newsy
letters”及“his mother was always _____10_____ when he telephoned.”和though 可知，此处上下文之间为转折
关系，他的母亲总是不满意，由此可推断，此处指的是保罗“经常”写信，与always 相呼应。故选C 项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他定期寄去长篇大论的信件，但他打电话时母亲总是在抱怨。A.
sleeping 睡觉；B. forgetting 忘记；C. smiling 微笑；D. complaining 抱怨。根据下文的“I was beginning to
wonder if I had a son”可知，母亲在“抱怨”缺乏联系。故选D 项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她通常的问候是：“我开始怀疑自己是否有个儿子了。”A. assumption 假
设；B. greeting 问候；C. argument 争论；D. apology 道歉。根据语境和上文的“Though he ____9_____sent
long, newsy letters, his mother was always _____10_____when he telephoned.”可知，保罗尽管经常给母亲写信
联系，但母亲仍旧抱怨，结合下文的““I was beginning to wonder if I had a son””可知，此处指的是母亲在
接通电话时的“问候”，也就是抱怨儿子联系的少。故选B 项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：保罗会抗议说他刚写过信；她会坚持说她已经好几个星期没有消息了。A.
repeat 重复；B. deny 否认；C. question 质疑；D. protest 抗议。根据上文的“Her usual _____11_____ was “I
was beginning to wonder if I had a son”.”可知，母亲总是抱怨儿子联系的少，结合下文的“he’d just written”
可知，此处指的是保罗对母亲的抱怨表示“抗议”符合语境。故选D 项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是他停止了写信，断定母亲对信件的关注程度和他不一样。A. continued
继续；B. edited 编辑；C. forwarded 转发；D. quit 停止。根据下文的“concluding that his mother’s
concentration on the letters wasn’t the same as his own.”以及“Now, he sends a daily greeting”可知，保罗觉得
自己母亲关注信件的程度和他不一样，由此可推断，此处指的是保罗“停止”寄长信，改为每日问候。故
选D 项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，他每天都会发一条非常简短的问候。A. emotional 情绪化的；B.
original 原创的；C. short 简短的；D. sincere 真诚的。根据下文的“Sometimes it’s just a postcard or a note
saying, “Thinking of you.””可知，此处指的是问候“简短”符合语境。故选C 项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有尽可能提高你的努力程度，你才能真正有所作为。A. education 教育；
B. confidence 信心；C. effort 努力；D. energy 能量。根据上文的“In human ____7_____ , intensification of
effort may produce important _____8_____ — as it did for my friend Paul.”可知，此处呼应上文，由此可知，
此处指的是核心在于提升“努力”程度。故选C 项。
4.（2025·湘豫名校联考高三下学期第四次模拟）
词数：226 话题：生活中需要学会选择和取舍 体裁：夹叙夹议
I knew nothing about flower arranging. My
1
was just to put all the stems into the vase until I
couldn’t fit any more in. As a result, the flowers appear
2
and unbeautiful.
But then I saw vlogs by a Chinese florist (花商), who produces the
3
beautiful arrangements.
First, he creates a structure for the
4
using cut-off lengths of stem. Then, he carefully inserts just the right
stems, one at a time,
5
leaves or greenery and cuts them to the
6
he wants, and finally — and
this is where I am
7
— he cuts off extra
8
on each stem to create a perfectly balanced whole,
where each blossom has
9
to really shine.
I see where he’s going, and I love the result, but it
10
to cut off beautiful flowers. But when I
watch him, I think about how he’s so
11
. He edits. He doesn’t just get everything in but cuts off the extra
so that what
12
really stands out.
So, if you are a person who loves
13
, you may find that you want too many good things — this is
just my style of flower arrangement. You could
14
a field full of chicken feathers. Therefore, we must
learn to choose and
15
the right amount of good for our lives.
1．A．attitude
B．approach
C．service
D．introduction
2．A．colourless
B．meaningless
C．uncrowded
D．disorganized
3．A．confusingly
B．discouragingly
C．astonishingly
D．shamingly
4．A．house
B．furniture
C．vase
D．mood
5．A．adds
B．compares
C．strengthens
D．makes
6．A．beauty
B．shape
C．type
D．model
7．A．excited
B．amused
C．annoyed
D．surprised
8．A．branches
B．flowers
C．leaves
D．greenery
9．A．room
B．energy
C．time
D．garden
10．A．hurts
B．helps
C．costs
D．matters
11．A．cruel
B．successful
C．awful
D．proud
12．A．happens
B．appeals
C．remains
D．deserts
13．A．freedom
B．nature
C．adventure
D．life
14．A．break away from
B．get down to
C．run out of
D．end up with
15．A．edit
B．abandon
C．record
D．mix
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．A 11．B
12．C 13．D 14．D 15．A
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述的是作者从对插花一无所知到通过观看一位中国花艺师的视频
博客，学习到插花需要精心设计和取舍的过程，并由此联想到生活中也需要学会选择和取舍。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的方法是把所有的花茎都插进花瓶里，直到插不进去为止。A. attitude 态
度；B. approach 方法；C. service 服务；D. introduction 介绍。根据下文“just to put all the stems into the
vase”可知，空后内容是作者插花的方法。故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果，这些花显得杂乱无章，不美观。A. colourless 无色的；B.
meaningless 无意义的；C. uncrowded 不拥挤的；D. disorganized 杂乱无章的。根据上文“put all the stems
into the vase until I couldn’t fit any more in”和下文“and unbeautiful”可知，作者不太会插花，所以最后花杂
乱无章。故选D。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但后来我看到了一位中国花商的视频，他制作了令人惊讶的美丽插花。A.
confusingly 令人迷惑不解地；B. discouragingly 使人气馁地；C. astonishingly 令人惊讶地；D. shamingly 令
人羞愧地。根据下文“beautiful arrangements”可知，那个花商制作了令人惊讶的美丽的插花。故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，他会用截短的花茎为花瓶搭建一个结构。A. house 房子；B. furniture
家具；C. vase 花瓶；D. mood 情绪。根据上文“he creates a structure for the”可知，他插花要用花瓶，他用
花茎做了一个结构。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他会小心翼翼地一根一根地插入合适的花茎，再添上叶子或绿植，
并修剪成他想要的形状。最后——这一点让我特别惊讶——他会把每根花茎上多余的花朵剪掉，让整个花
束达到完美的平衡，每一朵花都能有足够的空间绽放光彩。A. adds 增加；B. compares 比较；C. strengthens
加强；D. makes 制作。根据语境和下文“leaves or greenery”可知，他插入茎后再加入树叶。故选A。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，他会小心翼翼地一根一根地插入合适的花茎，再添上叶子或绿植，
并修剪成他想要的形状。最后——这一点让我特别惊讶——他会把每根花茎上多余的花朵剪掉，让整个花
束达到完美的平衡，每一朵花都能有足够的空间绽放光彩。A. beauty 美丽；B. shape 形状；C. type 类型；
D. model 模型。根据上文“cuts them to”可知，他把茎和树叶一起剪成他想要的形状。故选B。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，他会小心翼翼地一根一根地插入合适的花茎，再添上叶子或绿植，
并修剪成他想要的形状。最后——这一点让我特别惊讶——他会把每根花茎上多余的花朵剪掉，让整个花
束达到完美的平衡，每一朵花都能有足够的空间绽放光彩。A. excited 兴奋的；B. amused 觉得好笑的；C.
annoyed 生气的；D. surprised 惊讶的。根据下文“create a perfectly balanced whole”可知，花商在每根茎上
剪下额外的花朵，形成一个完美平衡的整体，这让作者惊讶。故选D。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，他会小心翼翼地一根一根地插入合适的花茎，再添上叶子或绿植，
并修剪成他想要的形状。最后——这一点让我特别惊讶——他会把每根花茎上多余的花朵剪掉，让整个花
束达到完美的平衡，每一朵花都能有足够的空间绽放光彩。A. branches 树枝；B. flowers 花；C. leaves 叶子；
D. greenery 绿色植物。根据语境和上文“cuts off extra”可知，他剪下额外的花。故选B。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，他会小心翼翼地一根一根地插入合适的花茎，再添上叶子或绿植，
并修剪成他想要的形状。最后——这一点让我特别惊讶——他会把每根花茎上多余的花朵剪掉，让整个花
束达到完美的平衡，每一朵花都能有足够的空间绽放光彩。A. room 空间；B. energy 精力；C. time 时间；
D. garden 花园。根据上文“create a perfectly balanced whole, where each blossom has”可知，他让每一朵花都
有空间来绽放光彩。故选A。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我明白他的意图，也喜欢他插花的结果，但剪掉那些美丽的花朵还是让我
心疼。A. hurts 感到受伤，感到疼痛；B. helps 帮助；C. costs 花费；D. matters 重要。根据上文“but”的转折
和下文“cut off beautiful flowers”可知，剪掉美丽的花让作者心疼。故选A。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我看着他的时候，我想到他是如何如此成功的。A. cruel 残暴的；B.
successful 成功的；C. awful 可怕的；D. proud 骄傲的。根据上文“when I watch him”和上一段对那个花商插
花过程的描述可知，那个花商很成功。故选B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不只是把所有的东西都放进去，而是把多余的东西去掉，这样剩下的东
西才真正脱颖而出。A. happens 发生；B. appeals 吸引；C. remains 留下；D. deserts 抛弃。根据上文“cuts
off the extra”和第8 空后“on each stem to create a perfectly balanced whole, where each blossom has room to
really shine”可知，把多余的剪掉，剩下的才能真正脱颖而出。故选C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，如果你是一个热爱生活的人，你可能会发现你想要的东西太多了
——这只是我插花的风格。A. freedom 自由；B. nature 自然；C. adventure 冒险；D. life 生活。根据下文
“you may find that you want too many good things”可知，热爱生活的人想要的东西就比较多。故选D。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：你可能会得到一片满是鸡毛的境地。A. break away from 脱离；B. get down
to 开始做某事；C. run out of 用光；D. end up with 以……结束。根据下文“a field full of chicken feathers”可
知，最后你可能得到一地鸡毛的境地，空格处是end up with。故选D。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们必须学会为我们的生活选择和编辑适量的好东西。A. edit 编辑；
B. abandon 抛弃；C. record 记录；D. mix 混合。根据上文“Therefore, we must learn to choose”和第11 空后
“He edits”可知，此处是编辑好东西。故选A。
5.（2025·陕西省高三下学期新高考英语全真模拟）
词数：251 话题：食物在连接人与人、文化与文化之间的独特作用 体裁：夹叙夹议
Food has a special way of
1
people. As José Andres said, it brings back memories, unites people,
and
2
us to faraway places. My mom’s
3
cooking in Illinois, a French sandwich from a street
stand in Italy, and a grilled hot dog at the Grand Canyon with my family all hold precious
4
. These
moments remind us that food is more than sustenance — it’s a bridge between hearts, histories, and shared
experiences that linger long after the meal ends.
Trying different foods is like
5
new cultures. Sharing meals helps us understand others better.
Every bite gives
6
insight into the local community, whether it’s the spices of a Moroccan tagine or the
simplicity of a Japanese tea ceremony. That’s why we made a guide to the best
7
in each state, from
Alaska’s salmon salad rooted in Indigenous traditions to Wyoming’s bison burgers celebrating frontier heritage.
We also share a chef’s story of mastering all the recipes her mentor
8
with her, and customers’ tips
on the
9
that transformed her cooking. These tales feel like
10
wisdom from a kitchen
companion, — simple, heartfelt, and deeply warm.
As Anthony Bourdain said, food might not fix everything, but it’s a
11
start. Let’s begin by
12
new tastes. Whether at home or
13
, food connects us uniquely. So
14
a napkin and
enjoy every meal, which is a unique chance to
15
— whether through flavors, stories, or the quiet joy of
a shared table.
1．A．dividing
B．connecting
C．amusing
D．testing
2．A．transports
B．invites
C．restricts
D．returns
3．A．terrible
B．fast
C．homemade
D．restaurant
4．A．pain
B．memories
C．secrets
D．dreams
5．A．avoiding
B．creating
C．exploring
D．leaving
6．A．a piece of
B．a bite of
C．a handful of
D．a view of
7．A．book
B．drink
C．food
D．salad
8．A．hid
B．shared
C．bought
D．forgot
9．A．novels
B．workouts
C．dishes
D．hobbies
10．A．flavorful
B．useless
C．confusing
D．technical
11．A．wrong
B．tiny
C．bad
D．good
12．A．refusing
B．seeking
C．disliking
D．forgetting
13．A．abroad
B．upstairs
C．above
D．late
14．A．wash
B．lose
C．grab
D．burn
15．A．imagine
B．experience
C．regret
D．wait
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D
12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文结合了个人情感、文化体验和对美食的感悟。它通过讲述美食与人
们生活的紧密联系，展现了食物在连接人与人、文化与文化之间的独特作用。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：食物有一种特殊的联系人的方式。A. dividing 分开；B. connecting 连接，联
系；C. amusing 逗乐；D. testing 测试。根据下文的“it brings back memories, unites people (它唤起了人们的
回忆，将人们团结在一起)”可知，食物有一种特殊的方式来联系人们，唤起回忆，团结人们。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如José Andres 所说，它能唤起回忆，团结人们，并带我们身临其境到遥
远的地方。A. transports 运送，使身临其境；B. invites 邀请；C. restricts 限制；D. returns 返回。根据下文的
“us to faraway places (我们去遥远的地方)”可知，食物能带我们到遥远的地方，即有一种身临其境的感觉。
故选A。
3．考查形容词与名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈在伊利诺伊州的自制烹饪，意大利街边摊的法国三明治，
以及我和家人在大峡谷吃的烤热狗，都承载着珍贵的回忆。A. terrible 糟糕的；B. fast 快的；C. homemade
自制的；D. restaurant 餐馆。根据空所在句“My mom’s… cooking in Illinois, a French sandwich from a street
stand in Italy, and a grilled hot dog at the Grand Canyon with my family…”及常识可知，这里指的是在伊利诺伊
州的家常烹饪，即妈妈自己做的饭。故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈在伊利诺伊州的自制烹饪，意大利街边摊的法国三明治，以及我和
家人在大峡谷吃的烤热狗，都承载着珍贵的回忆。A. pain 痛苦；B. memories 回忆；C. secrets 秘密；D.
dreams 梦想。根据上文的“it brings back memories (它勾起了我的回忆)”以及下文的“These moments
remind us that food is more than sustenance (这些时刻提醒我们，食物不仅仅是维持生计的东西)”可知，这些
食物都承载着珍贵的回忆。故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尝试不同的食物就像探索新的文化。A. avoiding 避免；B. creating 创造；C.
exploring 探索；D. leaving 离开。根据下文的“new cultures (新文化)”及常识可知，此处表示尝试不同的食
物就像是在探索新的文化。故选C。
6．考查数词短语辨析。句意：每一口都能让我们一口了解当地社区，无论是摩洛哥炖锅的香料，还是日
本茶道的简约。A. a piece of 一片，一块；B. a bite of 一口；C. a handful of 一把；D. a view of 一片……的景
色。根据上文的“Every bite gives”可知，此处指“每一口”都提供对当地社区的了解，“一口”更形象贴
切。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么我们制作了一份各州最佳食物指南，从阿拉斯加以土著传统
为基础的三文鱼沙拉到怀俄明州庆祝边境遗产的野牛汉堡。A. book 书；B. drink 饮料；C. food 食物；D.
salad 沙拉。根据上文的“Trying different foods (尝试不同的食物)”以及下文的“from Alaska’s salmon salad
rooted in Indigenous traditions to Wyoming’s bison burgers celebrating frontier heritage (从阿拉斯加以土著传统
为基础的三文鱼沙拉到怀俄明州庆祝边境遗产的野牛汉堡)”可知，这里指的是各州的最佳食物。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还分享了一位厨师的故事，她掌握了导师分享给她的所有食谱，以及
顾客对改变她烹饪的菜肴的秘诀。A. hid 隐藏；B. shared 分享；C. bought 买；D. forgot 忘记。根据上文的
“a chef’s story of mastering all the recipes (一个厨师掌握所有食谱的故事)”以及下文的“with her (和她)”可
知，这里指的是厨师掌握了导师与她分享的所有食谱。故选B。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们还分享了一位厨师的故事，她掌握了导师分享给她的所有食谱，以及
顾客对改变她烹饪的菜肴的秘诀。A. novels 小说；B. workouts 锻炼；C. dishes 菜肴；D. hobbies 爱好。根
据空所在句“and customers’ tips on the … that transformed her cooking (以及顾客对改变她烹饪的……的秘
诀)”及全文内容可知，本文围绕美食展开，这里指这位厨师烹饪的菜肴。故选C。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些故事感觉就像来自厨房伙伴的有味道的智慧——简单、真挚、深情。
A. flavorful 有味道的；B. useless 无用的；C. confusing 令人困惑的；D. technical 技术的。根据下文的
“wisdom from a kitchen companion, — simple, heartfelt, and deeply warm”及常识可知，“厨房伙伴的陪伴”
是有味道的，此处指这些故事感觉就像来自厨房伙伴的有味道的智慧。故选A。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如Anthony Bourdain 所说，食物可能无法解决所有问题，但它是一个
好的开始。A. wrong 错误的；B. tiny 微小的；C. bad 坏的；D. good 好的。根据上文的“food might not fix
everything (食物可能无法解决所有问题)”以及“but”可知，此处两句是转折关系，即食物虽然不能解决所有
问题，但它是一个好的开始。故选D。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我们从寻找新口味开始吧。A. refusing 拒绝；B. seeking 寻找；C.
disliking 不喜欢；D. forgetting 忘记。根据本句“Let’s begin by … new tastes. (让我们从……新口味开始吧)”
可知，此处指寻找新口味。故选B。
13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：无论是在家还是国外，食物都能以独特的方式联系我们。A. abroad 在国外；
B. upstairs 在楼上；C. above 在上面；D. late 晚。根据上文“Whether at home or”可知，食物能连接我们，
无论是在家还是在国外。故选A。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以拿起一块餐巾纸，享受每一顿饭，这是一个独特的体验机会——无论
是通过口味、故事，还是共享餐桌的宁静喜悦。A. wash 洗；B. lose 失去；C. grab 抓住，拿起；D. burn 燃
烧。根据下文的“a napkin and enjoy every meal (一块餐巾纸，享受每一顿饭)”可知，这里指的是拿起一块
餐巾纸，享受每一顿饭。故选C。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以拿起一块餐巾纸，享受每一顿饭，这是一个独特的体验机会——无论
是通过口味、故事，或是共享餐桌的宁静喜悦。A. imagine 想象；B. experience 体验；C. regret 后悔；D.
wait 等待。根据空后“whether through flavors, stories, or the quiet joy of a shared table (无论是通过口味、故
事，还是共享餐桌的宁静喜悦)”可知，通过口味、故事，或是共享餐桌的宁静喜悦，都是一种独特的体验。
故选B。
6.（2025·河北省邢台市第一中学等校高三下学期二轮复习质量检测）
词数：254 话题：分解目标 体裁：夹叙夹议
This weekend, I’m running my 10th marathon. The weather looks perfect, and I’m ready — thanks to a
1
from the past.
Last year, at the Boston Marathon, I came in fit enough to know I was
2
of a personal best time.
However, three miles in, I realized I was hurting way too early. I convinced myself that I would never race in a
marathon again if I just
3
Mile 10. At Mile 10, I then
4
to get to the halfway point — 13.1
miles, after which I’d reassess the next
5
. By Mile 22, after a few miles of stretching and deep breathing,
I regained my strength and felt
6
to reclaim whatever time I could. I ended up
7
the last four
miles way faster than my initial pace.
8
, I’d
9
the marathon race into “process goals”, small objectives that were more within
my
10
, instead of focusing on my original “outcome goal” of running my fastest time ever. That can be a
remarkably effective strategy for all kinds of
11
. That’s because focusing on one step at a time can help
12
our anxiety and show us what we can
13
in the meantime.
Many people always aim for ambitious goals like
14
a dream job or winning an award. These can
be highly
15
, but they’re usually at least partially unmanageable and can lead to disappointment if you
fall short. Instead, focusing on smaller process goals can ultimately shape good outcomes.
1．A．mistake
B．lesson
C．suggestion
D．request
2．A．fearful
B．critical
C．capable
D．aware
3．A．hit
B．missed
C．skipped
D．selected
4．A．hesitated
B．happened
C．failed
D．resolved
5．A．problem
B．move
C．column
D．break
6．A．frightened
B．indifferent
C．determined
D．annoyed
7．A．avoiding
B．calculating
C．canceling
D．covering
8．A．Unknowingly
B．Subsequently
C．Conventionally
D．Desperately
9．A．broken down
B．taken down
C．turned down:
D．put down
10．A．budget
B．control
C．expectations
D．responsibilities
11．A．goal setting
B．risk taking
C．time managing
D．progress estimating
12．A．indicate
B．reserve
C．predict
D．lessen
13．A．recognize
B．achieve
C．imagine
D．contribute
14．A．quitting
B．offering
C．landing
D．changing
15．A．sensitive
B．productive
C．motivating
D．challenging
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．A 10．B 11．A
12．D 13．B 14．C 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者从过去的经历中吸取教训，将马拉松比赛分解为过
程目标，从而成功完成比赛的故事。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：天气看起来很完美，我已经准备好了——这要归功于过去的一个教训。A.
mistake 错误；B. lesson 教训；C. suggestion 建议；D. request 请求。根据后文“Instead, focusing on smaller
process goals can ultimately shape good outcomes.”可知，作者从过去的经历中吸取教训，将马拉松比赛分解
为过程目标，从而成功完成比赛，此处是指“教训”。故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：去年，在波士顿马拉松比赛中，我状态良好，知道自己有能力创造个人
最佳成绩。A. fearful 害怕的；B. critical 批判的；C. capable 有能力的；D. aware 意识到的。根据前文“I
came in fit”和后文“of a personal best time”可知，此处指身体状况良好的作者认为自己有能力创造个人最佳
成绩，be capable of 为固定短语，意为“能够做某事”。故选C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我说服自己，如果我只跑完10 英里，我就再也不会参加马拉松比赛了。A.
hit 到达（某地）；B. missed 错过；C. skipped 跳过；D. selected 挑选。根据后文“Mile 10”可知，此处指作
者在痛苦中给自己设定“到达第10 英里”的小目标，隐含“只要撑到这里就放弃”的想法。故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在10 英里处，我决定跑到半程点——13.1 英里，之后我会重新评估下一步
的行动。A. hesitated 犹豫；B. happened 发生；C. failed 失败；D. resolved 决定。根据后文“to get to the
halfway point”可知，作者决定跑到半程点，体现作者重新坚定目标。故选D。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. problem 问题；B. move 行动，移动；C. column 专栏；D. break 休息。
根据上文“after which I’d reassess the next”可知，作者跑到半程点后，会重新评估下一步的行动。故选B。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在22 英里处，经过几英里的伸展和深呼吸后，我恢复了体力，下定决心
要尽可能地弥补失去的时间。A. frightened 害怕的；B. indifferent 冷漠的；C. determined 坚决的；D.
annoyed 恼怒的。根据后文“to reclaim whatever time I could”可知，作者下定决心要尽可能地弥补失去的时
间。故选C。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后四英里，我的速度远远超过了最初的配速。A. avoiding 避免；B.
calculating 计算；C. canceling 取消；D. covering 覆盖，走完（一段路程）。根据后文“the last four miles”可
知，此处指走完最后四英里，应用cover。故选D。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知不觉中，我把马拉松比赛分解成了“过程目标”，这些小目标更在我
的掌控之中，而不是专注于我最初的“结果目标”——跑出最快的成绩。A. Unknowingly 不知不觉地；B.
Subsequently 随后；C. Conventionally 按照惯例；D. Desperately 绝望地。根据前文语境和后文“ I’d 9
the marathon race into “process goals”, small objectives”可知，作者比赛中通过一步步的小目标将马拉松比赛
分解成了“过程目标”，可知作者在不知不觉中这么做了。故选A。
9．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. broken down 分解；B. taken down 记下；C. turned down 拒绝；D. put
down 写下。根据后文“the marathon race into “process goals””可知，作者把马拉松比赛分解成了“过程目
标”。故选A。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. budget 预算；B. control 控制；C. expectations 期待；D.
responsibilities 责任。根据前文语境和“small objectives that were more within my”可知，作者比赛中把马拉
松比赛分解成了“过程目标”，一一实现了小目标，说明过程中的小目标在作者的掌控之中。故选B。
11．考查名词短语辨析。句意：对于各种目标设定来说，这可能是一个非常有效的策略。A. goal setting 目
标设定；B. risk taking 冒险；C. time managing 时间管理；D. progress estimating 进度估计。根据全文围绕目
标设定策略展开可知，此处是指目标设定。故选A。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是因为一次专注于一步可以帮助减轻我们的焦虑，并让我们看到我们同
时可以取得什么成就。A. indicate 表明；B. reserve 保留；C. predict 预测；D. lessen 减轻。根据后文“our
anxiety”可知，一次专注于一步可以减轻焦虑。故选D。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. recognize 识别；B. achieve 取得；C. imagine 想象；D. contribute 贡
献。根据上文“show us what we can”可知，过程目标能让我们看到自己能取得的成就。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人总是设定雄心勃勃的目标，比如找到一份理想的工作或赢得奖项。
A. quitting 停止；B. offering 提供；C. landing（成功地）获得，赢得；D. changing 改变。根据后文“a
dream job”可知，此处指获得一份理想的工作，应用land。故选C。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些目标可能极其激励人，但通常至少部分难以实现，如果你未能达到，
可能会导致失望。A. sensitive 敏感的；B. productive 多产的；C. motivating 激励人的；D. challenging 具有挑
战性的。根据前文“Many people always aim for ambitious goals”可知，雄心勃勃的目标可能激励人。故选
C。
7.（2025·山西省临汾市高考考前适应性训练考试（（三））
词数：227 话题：突破极限，实现目标 体裁：夹叙夹议
Sometimes, thinking a bit unrealistically helps us reach goals sooner. Some might think of what I’m
discussing here as an illusion (幻想). I am not saying you should cut ties with
1
, but suggesting being a
bit more optimistic. What
2
to me is that believing in a slightly unrealistic illusion is
3
than
not believing at all.
Whenever I go mountain climbing with my father, we have two
4
views. I think of reaching the
summit as
5
, while my father considers it an exciting challenge. Do our views
6
the mountain
and the path to the summit? Certainly not. However, our mindsets determine how we
7
the task of
climbing. And that’s why I always say it’s my
8
time to climb, while my father remains
9
along the way.
My father’s mindset
10
the power of positive illusion. He doesn’t care much about the
11
of success. Instead, he places a high value on being motivated in the face of
12
.
Many people we praise today as the most influential were
13
because of their illusions. But
what matters isn’t how others comment on their ambitions but how
14
they stick to them.
The positive illusion allows people to tackle problems and break free from
15
, and drives them
toward success. In life, a little positive illusion is necessary.
1．A．truth
B．imagination
C．reality
D．dream
2．A．occurs
B．refers
C．belongs
D．matters
3．A．worse
B．better
C．harder
D．simpler
4．A．convincing
B．similar
C．confusing
D．different
5．A．refreshing
B．familiar
C．frustrating
D．possible
6．A．describe
B．change
C．support
D．guide
7．A．approach
B．assign
C．delay
D．plan
8．A．first
B．last
C．perfect
D．fun
9．A．silent
B．mild
C．humble
D．cheerful
10．A．predicts
B．shifts
C．reflects
D．denies
11．A．probability
B．method
C．process
D．influence
12．A．threats
B．setbacks
C．victory
D．fame
13．A．laughed at
B．depended on
C．turned down
D．sided with
14．A．anxiously
B．curiously
C．hesitantly
D．passionately
15．A．burdens
B．duties
C．limitations
D．emotions
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C 11．A
12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要探讨了积极的幻想（Positive illusion）对人们实现目标的重要性。
文章通过作者和父亲爬山的不同心态，以及一些有影响力的人因幻想而成功的例子，说明有时稍微不切实
际的想法能帮助人们更积极地面对挑战，突破限制，从而更快地实现目标。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不是说你应该与现实切断联系，而是建议要更乐观一点。A. truth 真相；
B. imagination 想象；C. reality 现实；D. dream 梦想。根据上文“thinking a bit unrealistically helps us reach
goals sooner”可知，作者并不是建议与现实断绝联系，而是建议更乐观一些。故选C 项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对我来说重要的是，相信一个稍微不切实际的幻想比完全不相信要好。A.
occurs 发生；B. refers 提到；C. belongs 属于；D. matters 要紧，重要。根据下文“believing in a slightly
unrealistic illusion is
3
than not believing at all.”可知，作者认为相信一个稍微不切实际的幻想比完
全不相信要好，这是作者认为重要的事情。故选D 项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说重要的是，相信一个稍微不切实际的幻想比完全不相信要好。
A. worse 更差的；B. better 更好的；C. harder 更难的；D. simpler 更简单的。根据上文“thinking a bit
unrealistically helps us reach goals sooner”可知，作者认为有点不切实际的想法有助于更快实现目标，所以这
里是说相信一个稍微不切实际的幻想比完全不相信要好。故选B 项。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当我和父亲去爬山时，我们有两种不同的观点。A. convincing 令人信服
的；B. similar 相似的；C. confusing 令人困惑的；D. different 不同的。根据下文“I think of reaching the
summit as
5
, while my father considers it an exciting challenge.”可知，作者和父亲对爬山的看法是不
同的。故选D 项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为到达山顶是令人沮丧的，而我父亲则认为这是一个令人兴奋的挑
战。A. refreshing 令人耳目一新的；B. familiar 熟悉的；C. frustrating 令人沮丧的；D. possible 可能的。根据
下文“while my father considers it an exciting challenge”可知，while 表示对比，所以作者认为登上顶峰是令
人沮丧的。故选C 项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的观点会改变山峰和登顶的道路吗？A. describe 描述；B. change 改变；
C. support 支持；D. guide 指导。根据下文“However, our mindsets determine how we
7
the task of
climbing.”可知，作者和父亲的观点不会改变山和通往顶峰的道路，但心态会影响作者和父亲对爬山的看法。
故选B 项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们的心态决定了我们如何处理爬山这项任务。A. approach 处理，
应对；B. assign 分配；C. delay 推迟；D. plan 计划。根据上文“However, our mindsets determine”可知，作
者和父亲的心态决定了作者和父亲如何处理爬山的任务。故选A 项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么我总是说这是我最后一次爬山，而我父亲在爬山过程中始
终保持愉快的心情。A. first 第一的；B. last 最后的；C. perfect 完美的；D. fun 有趣的。根据上文“I think
of reaching the summit as
5
,”可知，作者认为登上顶峰是令人沮丧的，所以作者总是说这是最后一
次爬山。故选B 项。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么我总是说这是我最后一次爬山，而我父亲在爬山过程中始
终保持愉快的心情。A. silent 沉默的；B. mild 温和的；C. humble 谦虚的；D. cheerful 快乐的。根据上文
“while my father considers it an exciting challenge”可知，父亲认为这是一次激动人心的挑战，所以父亲一路
上都很开心。故选D 项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我父亲的心态反映了积极幻想的力量。A. predicts 预测；B. shifts 转移；C.
reflects 反映；D. denies 否认。根据下文“He doesn’t care much about the
11
of success.”可知，父
亲不在乎成功的可能性，只注重在面对挫折时保持积极性，所以父亲的心态反映了积极幻想的力量。故选
C 项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不太在意成功的可能性。A. probability 可能性；B. method 方法；C.
process 过程；D. influence 影响。根据下文“Instead, he places a high value on being motivated in the face of
12
.”可知，父亲更注重在面对挫折时保持积极性，而不是在乎成功的可能性。故选A 项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他非常重视在面对挫折时保持积极的态度。A. threats 威胁；B.
setbacks 挫折；C. victory 胜利；D. fame 名声。根据上文“He doesn’t care much about the
11
of
success.”可知，父亲不太在乎成功的可能性，所以父亲更注重在面对挫折时保持积极性。故选B 项。
13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如今我们所称赞的许多有影响力的人都曾因为他们的幻想而被嘲笑。A.
laughed at 嘲笑；B. depended on 依靠；C. turned down 拒绝；D. sided with 支持。根据下文“because of their
illusions”可知，他们因为幻想而被嘲笑。故选A 项。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但重要的不是别人如何评价他们的抱负，而是他们多么热情地坚持自己的
幻想。A. anxiously 焦虑地；B. curiously 好奇地；C. hesitantly 犹豫地；D. passionately 热情地。根据上文
“Many people we praise today as the most influential were
13
because of their illusions.”可知，他们
因为幻想而被嘲笑，但重要的是他们如何热情地坚持自己的抱负。故选D 项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：积极的幻想使人们能够处理问题并推动他们摆脱限制，走向成功。A.
burdens 负担；B. duties 职责；C. limitations 局限；D. emotions 情感。根据上文“The positive illusion allows
people to tackle problems”可知，积极的幻想使人们能够解决问题，摆脱局限。故选C 项。
8.（2025·海南省文昌中学高三下学期第五次月考（4 月））
词数：252 话题：相信自己比想象中更强大 体裁：夹叙夹议
I had just finished walking my dog as it got dark. We headed home and walked into the
1
. A
flicker (闪烁) of light caught my eye just as I
2
the door. I turned my head to see that a
3
firefly had flown in with us through the open door and was now crazily trying to
4
.
As it flew slowly towards the wall, I quickly but
5
closed my fingers around it. I could feel its
little wings beat against my
6
and a flash of light shown through my fingers. I opened the back door and
7
outside. Then I opened my hand and watched it fly away flashing its light in the
8
.
Before I walked back in, I took the
9
to look over the grassland behind my home. There were
hundreds of fireflies flickering. Each time their lights came on, I smiled. It was so amazing that such little creatures
could
10
so much light. I stood there in awe.
11
the lightening fireflies made me think of the light each of us
12
inside of ourselves.
Often it flickers and is not steady or even very bright. Yet, every time we shine it, we grow a little brighter. And
every time we
13
the light, we can
14
the light in others to shine as well.
Do your best to shine your light even if you think it is a mere flicker. You are a lot
15
than you
think.
1．A．forest
B．house
C．grassland
D．garden
2．A．kicked
B．repaired
C．touched
D．closed
3．A．blind
B．familiar
C．tiny
D．dangerous
4．A．get out
B．fight back
C．speed up
D．stay on
5．A．gently
B．warmly
C．similarly
D．regularly
6．A．head
B．heart
C．skin
D．eye
7．A．escaped
B．stepped
C．survived
D．waited
8．A．trees
B．noise
C．crowds
D．darkness
9．A．wish
B．plan
C．time
D．promise
10．A．reflect
B．produce
C．stand
D．absorb
11．A．Watching
B．Catching
C．Guiding
D．Rescuing
12．A．misses
B．receives
C．blocks
D．carries
13．A．hide
B．share
C．avoid
D．understand
14．A．awaken
B．follow
C．request
D．permit
15．A．warmer
B．darker
C．brighter
D．stronger
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A
12．D 13．B 14．A 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者捕捉萤火虫的经历，启示人们要尽力发光，相信自己比
想象中更强大。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们往家走，走进了房子里。A. forest 森林；B. house 房子；C. grassland 草
地；D. garden 花园。根据上文“We headed home and walked into”以及下文“
the door”可知，作者往家里
走，走进了房子里。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在我关门的时候，一道闪烁的光吸引了我的目光。A. kicked 踢；B.
repaired 修理；C. touched 触摸；D. closed 关闭。根据上文“I had just finished walking my dog as it got dark.
We headed home and walked into the ___1___ .”以及下文“a ___3___ firefly had flown in with us through the
open door and was now crazily trying to ___4___ .”可知，此处表示作者和狗走进房子后，作者正要关门。故
选D。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我转过头，看见一只小小的萤火虫和我们一起从开着的门飞了进来，现
在正在疯狂地试图飞出去。A. blind 盲的；B. familiar 熟悉的；C. tiny 微小的；D. dangerous 危险的。根据
下文“I could feel its little wings beat against my ___6___”以及“such little creatures”可知，这是一只小小的
萤火虫。故选C。
4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我转过头，看见一只小小的萤火虫和我们一起从开着的门飞了进来，现在
正在疯狂地试图飞出去。A. get out 出去；B. fight back 奋力抵抗，反击；C. speed up 加速；D. stay on 留下
来继续（学习、工作等）。根据上文“a ___3___ firefly had flown in with us through the open door”可知，
萤火虫飞进了房子里，现在正试图飞出去。故选A。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当它慢慢飞向墙壁时，我迅速但轻轻地把它拢在手中。A. gently 轻轻地；B.
warmly 温暖地；C. similarly 相似地；D. regularly 定期地。根据上文“As it flew slowly towards the wall”以及
下文“I could feel its little wings beat against my ___6___”可知，作者轻柔地（gently）合拢手指，避免伤害
萤火虫。故选A。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我能感觉到它的小翅膀拍打着我的皮肤，一道光透过我的手指闪烁。A.
head 头；B. heart 心；C. skin 皮肤；D. eye 眼睛。根据上文“I quickly but ___5___ closed my fingers around
it.”可知，作者把萤火虫拢在手中，所以作者能感觉到萤火虫的小翅膀拍打着手心的皮肤。故选C。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我打开后门，走到外面。A. escaped 逃跑；B. stepped 迈步，行走；C.
survived 幸存；D. waited 等待。根据上文“I opened the back door”以及下文“Before I walked back in”可知，
作者打开后门，走到外面去放萤火虫。故选B。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我打开手，看着它在黑暗中闪烁着光飞走了。A. trees 树；B. noise 噪音；
C. crowds 人群；D. darkness 黑暗。根据上文“I had just finished walking my dog as it got dark.”可知，此时是
夜晚，所以此处表示萤火虫在黑暗中飞走了。故选D。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我走回去之前，我花了点时间看了看我家后面的草地。A. wish 愿望；B.
plan 计划；C. time 时间；D. promise 承诺。根据下文“to look over the grassland behind my home. There were
hundreds of fireflies flickering.”以及语境可知，作者花了点时间看了看家后面的草地。take the time to do sth.
为固定搭配，意为“花时间做某事”。故选C。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如此小的生物能发出如此多的光，真是太神奇了。A. reflect 反射；B.
produce 产生；C. stand 站立；D. absorb 吸收。根据上文“There were hundreds of fireflies flickering.”以及常
识可知，萤火虫能发光，即产生光。故选B。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着这些闪烁的萤火虫，让我想起了我们每个人内心携带的光。A.
Watching 观看；B. Catching 抓住；C. Guiding 指导；D. Rescuing 营救。根据上文“ look over the grassland
behind my home. There were hundreds of fireflies flickering. Each time their lights came on, I smiled”以及下文
“I stood there in awe.”可知，作者站在那里敬畏地看着萤火虫，即看着这些闪烁的萤火虫。故选A。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着这些闪烁的萤火虫，让我想起了我们每个人内心携带的光。A. misses
错过；B. receives 收到；C. blocks 阻挡；D. carries 携带。根据下文“Often it flickers and is not steady or even
very bright.”可知，此处指表示看到萤火虫的光，作者想到的是我们每个人内心携带的光。故选D。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我们分享这光，我们也能唤醒他人心中的光，让他们发光。A. hide 隐
藏；B. share 分享；C. avoid 避免；D. understand 理解。根据下文“we can ___14___ the light in others to
shine as well.”可知，此处表示当我们分享自己内心的光。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我们分享这光，我们也能唤醒他人心中的光，让他们发光。A. awaken
唤醒；B. follow 跟随；C. request 要求；D. permit 允许。根据下文“the light in others to shine as well.”可知，
此处表示唤醒他人心中的光，让他们发光。故选A。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你比你想象的要明亮得多。A. warmer 更温暖的；B. darker 更黑暗的；C.
brighter 更明亮的；D. stronger 更强大的。根据上文“Do your best to shine your light even if you think it is a
mere flicker.”可知，作者鼓励人们尽力发光，即使只是闪烁，也要相信自己比想象中更明亮。故选C。
9.（2025·广东省深圳市高三下学期第二次调研）
词数：270 话题：养鸡的启示 体裁：夹叙夹议
I knew exercise is good for health — who doesn’t? But
1
were easier. Running bored me, biking
sounded risky, and the gym seemed too much to handle. Each offered me a reason to
2
it, so I did.
When I worked in Kenya, I came to realize that people there don’t “
3
” the way I had thought.
Instead, they move — with a clear
4
in mind. They move to reach a destination. They move to hunt and
to tend crops. There is no such thing as a
5
, but they are working out 24-7. Maybe I could take
6
from these people and add meaning to my exercising. So, I launched my
7
program: “chicken-cising,”
with 15 baby chicks and a book on
8
backyard chickens.
It turned out that caring for the flightless birds was quite
9
— a full-body workout involving
bending, squatting (深蹲), weightlifting and running around. One weekend, my e-watch
10
as many as
145 squats and 10,506 steps!
I ended up in better shape than expected and found extra
11
that no gym workout can provide.
First, quitting is not a(n)
12
: You can’t put on your “chicken-cise” clothes, sit for a while, and then
simply decide not to
13
, especially when your feathered friends depend on you to survive. Second,
you have unbeatable workout partners, who
14
respond to your appearance with encouragement. Bah-
Baaaahk! What’s more? Fresh-from-the-hen eggs!
Turning every breakfast into a celebration of my new lifestyle with the best eggs, “chicken-cising” taught me
that movement doesn’t need a gym — it needs
15
.
1．A．actions
B．excuses
C．examples
D．answers
2．A．approach
B．manage
C．avoid
D．tolerate
3．A．change
B．live
C．travel
D．exercise
4．A．purpose
B．message
C．order
D．request
5．A．role
B．problem
C．gym
D．village
6．A．time
B．inspiration
C．comfort
D．pleasure
7．A．escape
B．diet
C．charity
D．fitness
8．A．cooking
B．raising
C．drawing
D．protecting
9．A．demanding
B．confusing
C．amusing
D．touching
10．A．meant
B．took
C．rang
D．read
11．A．instructions
B．pressure
C．bonuses
D．responsibility
12．A．option
B．pain
C．must
D．error
13．A．step aside
B．show off
C．turn up
D．give in
14．A．angrily
B．cheerfully
C．patiently
D．carefully
15．A．courage
B．talent
C．attention
D．meaning
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C
12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者通过“养鸡”的健身计划发现，为日常活动赋予意义，
如照顾小鸡，比刻意去健身房更能让人坚持运动，最终不仅收获了健康，还获得了生活乐趣。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但找借口总是更容易。A. actions 行动；B. excuses 借口；C. examples 例子；
D. answers 答案。根据下文“Running bored me, biking sounded risky, and the gym seemed too much to handle.”
可知，这些都是作者为不运动所找的借口。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个理由都让我心安理得地逃避运动，我也确实这么做了。A. approach 接
近；B. manage 管理；C. avoid 避免；D. tolerate 忍受。根据上文“Running bored me, biking sounded risky,
and the gym seemed too much to handle.”可知，这些都是让作者避免运动的理由。故选C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在肯尼亚工作时，我发现当地人并不像我理解的那样“锻炼”。A. change
改变；B. live 生活；C. travel 旅行；D. exercise 锻炼。根据下文“but they are working out 24-7”可知，肯尼
亚的当地人一周24 小时都在运动，这与作者理解的“锻炼”方式不同。故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们会带着明确的目标行动。A. purpose 目标；B. message 信息；C.
order 命令；D. request 请求。根据下文“They move to reach a destination.”可知，他们为抵达某个地方而行
动，因此是带着明确的目标行动。故选A。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那里没有健身房的概念，但他们一周24 小时都在运动。A. role 角色；B.
problem 问题；C. gym 健身房；D. village 村庄。根据下文“but they are working out 24-7”可知，肯尼亚的当
地人一周24 小时都在运动，他们是没有健身房的概念的。故选C。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许我可以从这些人身上得到灵感，给我的锻炼增添意义。A. time 时间；
B. inspiration 灵感；C. comfort 舒适；D. pleasure 快乐。根据下文““chicken-cising,” with 15 baby chicks
and a book on ____8____ backyard chickens”可知，作者计划通过养鸡来健身，因此是从这些人身上得到灵
感。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是，我启动了健身计划：“养鸡”，带着15 只小鸡和一本庭院养鸡指南。
A. escape 逃跑；B. diet 饮食；C. charity 慈善；D. fitness 健身。根据上文“add meaning to my exercising”可
知，作者想为自己的锻炼增添意义，因此是启动了健身计划。故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，我启动了健身计划：“养鸡”，带着15 只小鸡和一本庭院养鸡指南。
A. cooking 烹饪；B. raising 养育；C. drawing 绘画；D. protecting 保护。根据下文“caring for the flightless
birds”可知，作者得照顾这些小鸡，因此这书是一本庭院养鸡指南。故选B。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，照顾这些不会飞的鸟是相当费力的——需要全身锻炼，包括
弯腰、深蹲、举重和跑来跑去。A. demanding 费时费力的；B. confusing 困惑的；C. amusing 有趣的；D.
touching 感人的。根据下文“a full-body workout involving bending, squatting (深蹲), weightlifting and running
around”可知，照顾这些小鸡需要全身锻炼，包括弯腰、深蹲、举重和跑来跑去，因此是相当费力的。故选
A。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：某个周末，我的智能手表记录显示：145 次深蹲和10506 步！A. meant 意
味着；B. took 拿；C. rang 响；D. read 显示。根据上文“my e-watch”和下文“as many as 145 squats and
10,506 steps”可推知，此处指因为作者养鸡时频繁地运动，他的智能手表记录显示他做的运动数据。故选
D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终我收获了超预期的好身材，还得到了健身房永远无法提供的额外馈赠。
A. instructions 说明；B. pressure 压力；C. bonuses 额外好处；D. responsibility 责任。根据本段后面所列的三
点内容可知，在养鸡过程中作者无法选择放弃，小鸡会一直给予保持运动的鼓励，作者还能得到新鲜的鸡
蛋，这些都是健身房永远无法提供的额外馈赠。故选C。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，放弃不是一个选择：你不能穿上“养鸡专用服”坐一会儿，然后简
单地决定不出现，尤其是当你长着羽毛的朋友依靠你生存的时候。A. option 选择；B. pain 痛苦；C. must 必
须；D. error 错误。根据下文“especially when your feathered friends depend on you to survive”可知，小鸡得
依靠作者生存，因此作者无法做放弃的选择。故选A。
13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：首先，放弃不是一个选择：你不能穿上“养鸡专用服”坐一会儿，然后简
单地决定不出现，尤其是当你长着羽毛的朋友依靠你生存的时候。A. step aside 让开；B. show off 炫耀；C.
turn up 出现；D. give in 屈服。根据上文“You can’t put on your “chicken-cise” clothes, sit for a while”可知，
作者用诙谐的口吻描述类似穿上专门运动的衣服，在出发前犹豫是否去运动，最终决定不出现的情景。故
选C。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：其次，你有无敌的健身伙伴，它们会愉快地迎接你的出现。A. angrily 愤怒
地；B. cheerfully 愉快地；C. patiently 耐心地；D. carefully 小心地。根据下文“respond to your appearance
with encouragement”可推知，小鸡们靠作者照顾，会愉快地迎接他的出现。故选B。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：用最好的鸡蛋把每顿早餐变成对我的新生活方式的庆祝，“养鸡”让我明
白了运动不需要健身房——它需要意义。A. courage 勇气；B. talent 天赋；C. attention 注意力；D. meaning
意义。根据上文“add meaning to my exercising”可知，养鸡为运动赋予了意义，让运动变得可坚持下去。
故选D。
10.（2025·江西省上饶市高三下学期二模）
词数：238 话题：语言代沟 体裁：夹叙夹议
I teach at a university. One of the “problems” this
1
is that, as the years pass, I get
2
,
but my students remain the same age — 18 to 22. Early on, when I was in my 20s and 30s, this wasn’t a(n)
3
, as we were close enough in age to speak the same language. But lately I have become
4
aware that a
linguistic ship seems to have
5
and I am not on board.
Let me
6
: Recently, when I walked into my class, my students were
7
warmly with each
other. One of their comments
8
my ear. “Venmo it to me.” I had no
9
what “Venmo” meant,
so I asked. The
10
students were happy to explain it to me, and in return I
11
with an
expression of silly embarrassment.
I am not
12
change, but I am uncomfortable with change when its
13
has me hanging
on by my fingernails. I once joked to a friend that if I were to awaken from a five-year
14
, I’d have no
idea what people were talking about. I just wouldn’t understand the language.
It’s a case of the educator becoming the educated, and I congratulate myself on at least having the
15
to know what they’re talking about, as well as on my ability — for the most part — to try to learn to understand
them.
1．A．presents
B．solves
C．ignores
D．avoids
2．A．slower
B．younger
C．wiser
D．older
3．A．solution
B．issue
C．advantage
D．opportunity
4．A．rarely
B．barely
C．strongly
D．nearly
5．A．sailed
B．arrived
C．stopped
D．disappeared
6．A．discuss
B．show
C．describe
D．illustrate
7．A．arguing
B．chatting
C．laughing
D．whispering
8．A．ignored
B．missed
C．caught
D．avoided
9．A．idea
B．thought
C．plan
D．sense
10．A．hard-working B．good-natured
C．absent-minded
D．bad-manners
11．A．waved
B．shook
C．nodded
D．pointed
12．A．addicted to
B．accustomed to
C．indifferent to
D．opposed to
13．A．pace
B．slowness
C．ease
D．difficulty
14．A．adventure
B．mission
C．dream
D．trip
15．A．ability
B．desire
C．effort
D．failure
【答案】
1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．C
12．D 13．A 14．C 15．B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者作为大学教师，随着年龄增长与学生产生语言代沟，以
“Venmo”为例说明，同时表达了对语言变化速度的感慨。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在一所大学教书。带来的“问题”之一是，随着岁月流逝，我变老了，
但我的学生们还是18 到22 岁。A. presents 呈现，引起；B. solves 解决；C. ignores 忽视；D. avoids 避免。
前文“One of the ‘problems’”明确指出存在问题，说明这种情况引起了问题。故选A 项。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在一所大学教书。带来的“问题”之一是，随着岁月流逝，我变老了，
但我的学生们还是18 到22 岁。A. slower 更慢的；B. younger 更年轻的；C. wiser 更明智的；D. older 更老
的。后文“but my students remain the same age — 18 to 22”中“but”表示转折，说明与学生年龄不变形成对
比，作者年龄是在增长，变得更老了。故选D 项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：早些时候，当我二十多岁和三十多岁时，这不是一个问题，因为我们年龄
相近，有共同语言。A. solution 解决办法；B. issue 问题；C. advantage 优势；D. opportunity 机会。根据后
文“as we were close enough in age to speak the same language”可知，因为年龄相近有共同语言，所以年龄差
异在当时不是一个需要关注的问题。故选B 项。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但最近我强烈地意识到，一艘语言之船似乎已经启航，而我没赶上。A.
rarely 很少地；B. barely 几乎不；C. strongly 强烈地；D. nearly 几乎。后文作者描述自己对学生说的
“Venmo”一无所知，通过这个具体事例体现出作者强烈地感觉到和学生之间存在语言代沟。故选C 项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但最近我强烈地意识到，一艘语言之船似乎已经启航，而我没赶上。A.
sailed 航行；B. arrived 到达；C. stopped 停止；D. disappeared 消失。结合后文“I am not on board”，“on
board”通常用于描述上船等情况，所以这里说语言之船已经启航，作者没赶上船，符合语境。故选A 项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我举例说明：最近，当我走进教室时，我的学生们正在热烈地互相聊天。
A. discuss 讨论；B. show 展示；C. describe 描述；D. illustrate 举例说明。后文作者详细讲述了在教室听到
学生说“Venmo”自己却不理解的事例，这是通过具体例子来进一步说明自己和学生的语言代沟。故选D
项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我举例说明：最近，当我走进教室时，我的学生们正在热烈地互相聊天。
A. arguing 争论；B. chatting 聊天；C. laughing 大笑；D. whispering 低语。根据后文“One of their comments
8 ”可知，“comments”通常是在交流、聊天过程中产生的，所以可以推断出学生们在聊天。故选B 项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的一句评论引起了我的注意。A. ignored 忽视；B. missed 错过；C.
caught 抓住；D. avoided 避免。从后文“so I asked”作者因为这句评论去询问“Venmo”的意思可知，这句评
论引起了作者的注意；catch one’s ear“引起某人的注意”。故选C 项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道“Venmo”是什么意思，所以我问了。A. idea 想法；B. thought 思想；
C. plan 计划；D. sense 感觉。根据后文“so I asked”可知，作者因为不知道“Venmo”的意思所以去询问；
have no idea“不知道”。故选A 项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：友好的学生们很乐意给我解释，作为回报，我带着傻乎乎的尴尬表情点
了点头。A. hard-working 勤奋的；B. good-natured 善良的，友好的；C. absent-minded 心不在焉的；D. bad-
manners 没礼貌的。由后文“were happy to explain it to me”可知，学生们乐意给作者解释，说明学生们很友
好。故选B 项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：友好的学生们很乐意给我解释，作为回报，我带着傻乎乎的尴尬表情点了
点头。A. waved 挥手；B. shook 摇晃；C. nodded 点头；D. pointed 指着。结合前文学生给作者解释
“Venmo”的意思，作者作为回应，通常会点头表示感谢和理解。故选C 项。
12．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我并不反对改变，但当改变的速度让我只能拼命跟上时，我会感到不舒
服。A. addicted to 沉迷于；B. accustomed to 习惯于；C. indifferent to 漠不关心；D. opposed to 反对。后文
“but I am uncomfortable with change”中“but”表示转折，说明前面表达的是不反对改变，与后文“感到不
舒服”构成转折关系。故选D 项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我并不反对改变，但当改变的速度让我只能拼命跟上时，我会感到不舒服。
A. pace 速度；B. slowness 缓慢；C. ease 轻松；D. difficulty 困难。后文“I’d have no idea what people were
talking about. I just wouldn’t understand the language.”体现出如果时间间隔久一点，作者就跟不上语言的变化，
说明是语言变化的速度让作者感到吃力。故选A 项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我曾经和一个朋友开玩笑说，如果我从五年的沉睡中醒来，我会不知道人
们在说什么。A. adventure 冒险；B. mission 任务；C. dream 梦，沉睡；D. trip 旅行。根据前文“awaken
from”可知，作者假设自己从沉睡中醒来。故选C 项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个教育者变成受教育者的例子，我为自己至少有了解他们在说什么
的渴望而祝贺自己，也为自己——在很大程度上——努力去理解他们的能力而祝贺自己。A. ability 能力；
B. desire 愿望，渴望；C. effort 努力；D. failure 失败。根据前文和后文“to know what they’re talking about”
可知，作者去询问“Venmo”的意思等行为，体现出作者有了解学生话语的愿望。故选B 项。
夹叙夹议创新练
1.（2025·江苏省常州市高三上学期期末质量调研）
词数：269 话题：面对困难不要放弃，坚持迈向目标 体裁：夹叙夹议
Years ago, I faced a significant challenge with my water bills. As a single man living in my own house, I was
astonished by the
1
amounts I had to pay. A wise old neighbor suggested that I dig a
2
. Following
his advice, I hired an engineer who marked several
3
on my property where he believed we could find
water. However, after digging multiple holes without success, I became quite
4
and almost gave up on the
idea.
But then, a saying
5
to my mind: “When the going gets tough, the tough gets going.” This
6
me to push through, so I encouraged the engineer to keep digging. After
7
more than 1000 feet into the
earth, we finally made it.
This entire experience served as a meaningful
8
for me: in life, we’re all like individuals digging for
wells, whether it’s in building relationships, chasing our dreams, or constructing our futures.
9
, we might
feel like we’re putting in all our time, effort, and energy without seeing any
10
results. However, if we
11
with it and keep digging, we might find that we’re just moments away from the blessings and rewards
we’ve been working so hard for.
So, keep digging in your own life. Don’t give up, even when things are
12
. You are worthy of
achieving your goals. And when you finally reach them, celebrate your success and let everyone
13
your
worth. Keep pushing forward, and you’ll find the water you’re
14
. Remember, every drop counts, and
every
15
you make is a step towards your ultimate goal.
1．A．formal
B．ordinary
C．enormous
D．extra
2．A．pond
B．channel
C．well
D．hole
3．A．problems
B．records
C．directions
D．spots
4．A．busy
B．upset
C．worried
D．tired
5．A．sprang
B．adapted
C．turned
D．referred
6．A．expected
B．forced
C．motivated
D．required
7．A．dropping
B．searching
C．falling
D．sinking
8．A．example
B．concept
C．principle
D．lesson
9．A．Instead
B．Sometimes
C．Therefore
D．Regularly
10．A．unusual
B．necessary
C．obvious
D．remaining
11．A．stick
B．agree
C．conflict
D．compare
12．A．wrong
B．hard
C．ready
D．possible
13．A．challenge
B．recognize
C．reveal
D．dominate
14．A．saving
B．buying
C．drinking
D．seeking
15．A．effort
B．decision
C．judgment
D．promise
【答案】
1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．A
12．B 13．B 14．D 15．A
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了多年前作者因水费高昂听取邻居的建议决定挖井，这个过程
中屡挖无果，作者几近放弃，但因一句“艰难之路，唯勇者行”，作者坚持下来最终成功。这一经历让作
者明白生活中坚持的意义，鼓励人们面对困难不要放弃，坚持迈向目标。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个住在自己房子里的单身男人，我对自己必须支付的巨额费用感
到震惊。A. formal 正式的；B. ordinary 普通的；C. enormous 巨大的；D. extra 额外的。根据上文“Years
ago, I faced a significant challenge with my water bills. As a single man living in my own house”可知，作者是单
身，住在自己的房子里，面临着水费的巨大挑战，由此可知，他是对巨额的水费感到震惊，不敢相信自己
一个人需要付这么多费用。故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位睿智的老邻居建议我挖一口井。A. pond 池塘；B. channel 渠道；C. well
井；D. hole 洞。根据下文“in life, we’re all like individuals digging for wells”可知，作者用挖井一事来谈感
想，由此可知，邻居是建议他挖一口井。故选C。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：听从他的建议，我雇了一位工程师，他在我的土地上标出了几个他认为可
以找到水的地方。A. problems 问题；B. records 记录；C. directions 方向；D. spots 地点。根据上文“I hired
an engineer who marked several”和下文“on my property where he believed we could find water”可推知，作者
所雇的工程师是在作者的土地上标记认为可以找到水的地方，然后开始尝试挖掘找到水。故选D。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在挖了几个洞都没有成功之后，我变得非常沮丧，几乎放弃了这
个想法。A. busy 忙碌的；B. upset 沮丧的；C. worried 担忧的；D. tired 疲惫的。根据上文“However, after
digging multiple holes without success”可知，挖了几个洞都没有成功，由此可知，作者会对这件事感到沮丧。
故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，有句话突然出现在我的脑海里：“艰难之路，唯勇者行。”A.
sprang 突然出现；B. adapted 适应；C. turned 转动；D. referred 提及。根据上文“a saying”和下文“to my
mind”可推知，此处指有句话突然出现在作者的脑海里，短语spring to one’s mind 意为“某人突然想起”。
故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这激励着我坚持下去，所以我鼓励工程师继续挖掘。A. expected 期望；B.
forced 强迫；C. motivated 激励；D. required 要求。根据上文“When the going gets tough, the tough gets
going.”可知，“艰难之路，唯勇者行”这句话可以激励人在困难中勇敢地继续前行，由此可知，作者是受
到了激励。故选C。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：向地下下沉了1000 多英尺后，我们终于成功了。A. dropping 掉落；B.
searching 寻找；C. falling 落下；D. sinking 下沉。根据作者在试图挖井的情境，以及下文“more than 1000
feet into the earth”可推知，此处指挖井的过程中向地下下沉了1000 多英尺，需注意searching 是及物动词，
后面需要加宾语，不合语境。故选D。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这整个经历对我来说是一个有意义的教训：在生活中，我们都像挖井的人
一样，无论是在建立人际关系，追逐梦想还是构建未来。A. example 例子；B. concept 概念；C. principle 原
则；D. lesson 教训。根据下文“in life, we’re all like individuals digging for wells, whether it’s in building
relationships, chasing our dreams, or constructing our futures”可推知，作者是从这个经历中得到了有意义的教
训，从挖井一事延伸到生活中很多的事。故选D。
9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有时候，我们可能会觉得我们投入了所有的时间、精力和精力，却没有看
到任何明显的结果。A. Instead 相反；B. Sometimes 有时；C. Therefore 因此；D. Regularly 定期地。根据下
文“we might feel like we’re putting in all our time, effort, and energy without seeing any ______ results”可推知，
这是描述生活中有时候会遇到的糟糕的情况。故选B。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时候，我们可能会觉得我们投入了所有的时间、精力和精力，却没有
看到任何明显的结果。A. unusual 不寻常的；B. necessary 必要的；C. obvious 明显的；D. remaining 剩余的。
根据上文“However, after digging multiple holes without success”可知，作者挖了几个洞都没有成功，从挖井
类比到生活中其他的事，此处指投入时间、精力和精力，却没有看到任何明显的结果。故选C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果我们坚持下去，继续挖掘，我们可能会发现，我们离我们一直
努力争取的祝福和回报只有一会儿之遥。A. stick 坚持；B. agree 同意；C. conflict 冲突；D. compare 比较。
根据下文“keep digging”可知，此处是假设坚持下去，继续挖掘的情况。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使遇到困难也不要放弃。A. wrong 错误的；B. hard 困难的；C. ready
准备好的；D. possible 可能的。根据上文“after digging multiple holes without success”可知，作者挖了几个
洞都没有成功，遇到了困难，从挖井类比到生活中其他的事，此处是劝告即使遇到困难也不要放弃。故选
B。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你最终达到目标时，庆祝你的成功，让每个人都认可你的价值。A.
challenge 挑战；B. recognize 认可；C. reveal 揭示；D. dominate 统治。根据上文“And when you finally
reach them, celebrate your success”可知，当你达到目标时，应庆祝自己的成功，相应的是让他人认可自己的
价值。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：继续前进，你会找到你想找的水。A. saving 节省；B. buying 购买；C.
drinking 喝；D. seeking 寻找。根据上文“Following his advice, I hired an engineer who marked several ______
on my property where he believed we could find water.”可知，作者用挖井类比生活中我们所进行的事情，水
是挖井所寻找的目标，此处指会找到你想找的水，即实现目标，seeking 和上文的find 呼应。故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：记住，每一次下降都很重要，你所做的每一次努力都是迈向最终目标的一
步。A. effort 努力；B. decision 决定；C. judgment 判断；D. promise 承诺。根据上文“every drop counts”可
知，挖井过程中每一次的下降都是找到水的关键一步，这些下降就是为实现目标而付出的努力。故选A。
2.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第三次教学质量检测）
词数：228 话题：预先规划 体裁：夹叙夹议
Every New Year’s Day, I have a little tradition. I buy a really nice
1
with beautiful pictures,
motivational quotes and stickers to
2
appointments and events. I
3
it to my refrigerator because I
will look at it daily, put every
4
on it and show my kids the months and days. Nothing
5
a paper
calendar when you want to teach your children to be aware of what’s
6
.
After the calendar goes up, I will prepare our own planners with children. A planner is a book which is like a
(n)
7
of your calendar, with a separate space to write everything you have to do each day, in a
8
manner than a calendar. Using a planner helps you
9
with your weekly tasks, such as projects, meetings,
appointments and events.
Besides the two ways to map out our days, there is another one to stay
10
. Preplanning will help
you to stay one step ahead and keep things
11
, so before anything happens, you’ll be
12
. If I
give a presentation at work, I can stay one step ahead by bringing a few
13
copies or pens in case some
of my coworkers forget theirs.
Developing time management ability with the
14
we have at our fingertips properly will make our
lives
15
and help us to be successful.
1．A．calendar
B．agenda
C．schedule
D．journal
2．A．confirm
B．outline
C．keep
D．cancel
3．A．address
B．present
C．return
D．attach
4．A．suggestion
B．clue
C．appointment
D．flag
5．A．beats
B．confuses
C．benefits
D．transforms
6．A．picking up
B．going on
C．missing out
D．breaking down
7．A．reminder
B．collection
C．innovation
D．extension
8．A．more detailed
B．less flexible
C．more intelligent
D．less accessible
9．A．come to an agreement
B．end in a tie
C．stay on the ball
D．cut off the
connection
10．A．calm
B．awake
C．committed
D．organised
11．A．under guarantee
B．in order
C．on watch
D．off guard
12．A．fully-recoveredB．open-minded
C．well-prepared
D．light-headed
13．A．fair
B．original
C．genuine
D．extra
14．A．tools
B．technologies
C．data
D．softwares
15．A．value
B．flow
C．unfold
D．collapse
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．B
12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者每年元旦有购买精美日历的传统，用其规划日程、教孩子
认识日期，认为纸质日历在让孩子留意日常事务方面很有用。贴好日历后，作者会和孩子准备作为日历延
伸的计划本，以更详细记录日常并处理每周任务。此外，预先规划也能使生活有条理、提前做好准备。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我买了一个非常好的日历，上面有漂亮的图片、励志名言和贴纸，用来勾
勒约会和活动。A. calendar 日历；B. agenda 议程；C. schedule 时间表；D. journal 日志。根据后文
“Nothing
a paper calendar when you want to teach your children to be aware of what’s .”可知，作者
买的是一个日历（calendar）。故选A 项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我买了一个非常好的日历，上面有漂亮的图片、励志名言和贴纸，用来概
述约会和活动。A. confirm 证实；B. outline 勾勒，概述；C. keep 保持；D. cancel 取消。根据句意以及下文
“appointments and events”可知，此处表示作者买日历是为了概述（outline）约会和活动。故选B 项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把它贴在冰箱上，因为我每天都会看它，把每个约会都写在上面，然后
给我的孩子看月份和日期。A. address 处理；B. present 呈现；C. return 返回；D. attach 粘贴。根据下文“to
my refrigerator because I will look at it daily”可知，作者把日历贴（attach）在冰箱上以便每天都能看到。故
选D 项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把它贴在冰箱上，因为我每天都会看它，把每个约会都写在上面，然后
给我的孩子看月份和日期。A. suggestion 建议；B. clue 线索；C. appointment 约会；D. flag 旗帜。根据前文
“to
appointments and events”可知，作者把每一个约会（appointment）都记在日历上。故选C 项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你想让你的孩子知道发生了什么，没有什么比纸质日历更好的了。A.
beats 胜过，优于；B. confuses 使困惑；C. benefits 使收益；D. transforms 转变。根据下文“a paper calendar
when you want to teach your children to be aware of what’s ”可知，此处表示当你想教孩子们留意
正在发生的事情时，没有什么能比得上（beat）纸质日历。故选A 项。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你想让你的孩子知道发生了什么，没有什么比纸质日历更好的了。A.
picking up 捡起，学会；B. going on 发生；C. missing out 错过；D. breaking down 分解，发生故障。根据语
境和常识可知，在日历上记事是教孩子们留意正在发生（going on）的事情。故选B 项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：计划表是一本书，它就像你日历的延伸，有一个单独的空间来写你每天要
做的事情，比日历更详细。A. reminder 提醒物；B. collection 收集；C. innovation 创新；D. extension 延伸。
根据“A planner is a book which is like a (n) of your calendar, with a separate space to write
everything you have to do each day”可知，计划本就像是日历的延伸（extension），有单独的空间来写每天
要做的事情。故选D 项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：计划表是一本书，它就像你日历的延伸，有一个单独的空间来写你每天
要做的事情，比日历更详细。A. more detailed 更详细的；B. less flexible 更不灵活的；C. more intelligent 更
聪明的；D. less accessible 更难接近的。根据上文“with a separate space to write everything you have to do
each day”可知，计划本比日历更详细（more detailed）。故选A 项。
9．考查固定短语辨析。句意：使用计划表可以帮助你随时掌握每周的任务，比如项目、会议、约会和活
动。A. come to an agreement 达成协议；B. end in a tie 以平局结束；C. stay on the ball 保持警觉；D. cut off
the connection 切断联系。根据下文“…with your weekly tasks, such as projects, meetings, appointments and
events.”可知，使用计划本帮助你在处理每周任务时保持警觉（stay on the ball）。故选C 项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了这两种方法来规划我们的日子，还有一种方法来保持组织。A. calm
冷静的；B. awake 醒着的；C. committed 坚定的；D. organized 有条理的，有序的。根据上文“Besides the
two ways to map out our days, there is another one to stay…”以及后文对预先计划的描述可知，这里说的是另
一种让生活有条理（organised）的方法。故选D 项。
11．考查介词短语辨析。句意：提前计划可以帮助你保持领先一步，让事情井然有序，所以在任何事情发
生之前，你都会做好充分的准备。A. under guarantee 在保修期内；B. in order 整齐，井然有序；C. on watch
值班，监视；D. off guard 不提防，无防备。根据上文“Preplanning will help you to stay one step ahead and
keep things…”可知，预先计划能帮助你领先一步并使事情井然有序（in order）。故选B 项。
12．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：提前计划可以帮助你保持领先一步，让事情井然有序，所以在任何事情
发生之前，你都会做好充分的准备。A. fully-recovered 完全恢复的；B. open-minded 思想开放的；C. well-
prepared 准备充分的；D. light-headed 头晕的，轻率的。根据“so before anything happens, you’ll be
.” 以及前文提到预先计划的好处可知，在任何事情发生之前，你会准备充分（well-prepared）。故选C 项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我在工作中做报告，我可以多带一些复印件或笔，以防我的同事忘
记带他们的。A. fair 公正的；B. original 原来的；C. genuine 真正的；D. extra 额外的。根据下文“in case
some of my coworkers forget theirs”可知，作者会多带一些额外的（extra）副本或笔以防同事忘记带。故选
D 项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：用我们触手可及的工具来培养时间管理能力，将使我们的生活流畅，并帮
助我们取得成功。A. tools 工具；B. technologies 技术；C. data 数据；D. softwares 软件。根据上文提到的日
历、计划本等可知，这里说的是合理使用我们触手可及的工具（tools）来培养时间管理能力。故选A 项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：用我们触手可及的工具来培养时间管理能力，将使我们的生活流畅，并帮
助我们取得成功。A. value 价值，重视；B. flow 流动，顺利进行；C. unfold 展开，展现；D. collapse 崩溃，
倒塌。根据上文“Developing time management ability with the we have at our fingertips properly”以
及下文“help us to be successful”可知，合理使用这些工具培养时间管理能力会让我们的生活顺利进行
（flow）并帮助我们成功。故选B 项。
3.（2025·甘肃省部分学校高三期末）
词数：235 话题：欣赏周围的自然美景和生活中的小奇迹 体裁：夹叙夹议
Our family was sitting on the porch swing enjoying the summer breeze when my husband pointed to
something on the swing’s chain next to him. We
1
forward to see a large praying mantis ( 螳螂)
attaching to the chain. We held our
2
and watched, not wanting to scare it away. We sat and
3
chatted for the next half hour as we watched the insect
4
up and down the chain. It seemed
5
by our presence, and we were
6
to observe its slow, precise movements.
We wouldn’t have
7
it if my husband had not pointed it out. Too often, we move through life,
8
of the beautiful blessings surrounding us each day. The
9
of sitting and watching an insect for
half an hour is something I do not want to
10
for granted. Too often, I define myself by my productivity.
I start my morning with a checklist and
11
my worth by how much I get done by the day’s end.
I’m learning to
12
my tireless striving for productivity and simply
13
the gifts of this
beautiful world when I see them. Each creature displays a small
14
. To sit and watch a unique bug like a
praying mantis is an act of admiration. I think I’ll
15
and sit for a while in search of another beautiful
bug just to appreciate the beauty of nature.
1．A．struggled
B．put
C．bent
D．dropped
2．A．breath
B．attention
C．back
D．tool
3．A．casually
B．quietly
C．happily
D．nervously
4．A．looking
B．flying
C．climbing
D．falling
5．A．unbothered
B．undoubted
C．unattractive
D．unaccessible
6．A．grateful
B．frightened
C．impatient
D．responsible
7．A．selected
B．recognized
C．noticed
D．scolded
8．A．unfamiliar
B．proud
C．shameful
D．unaware
9．A．courage
B．wisdom
C．safety
D．reward
10．A．owe
B．take
C．bring
D．fetch
11．A．balance
B．measure
C．assume
D．promote
12．A．defend
B．keep
C．imagine
D．stop
13．A．enjoy
B．deliver
C．produce
D．ignore
14．A．principle
B．purpose
C．wonder
D．puzzle
15．A．pull through
B．go out
C．turn up
D．come back
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．B
12．D 13．A 14．C 15．B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者一家人在门廊秋千上观察到一只螳螂，他们静静地坐着
聊天，欣赏螳螂的行动，并对能够观察到这样的情况充满感激。作者反思了日常生活中对生产力的过度追
求，意识到应该更多地欣赏周围的自然美景和生活中的小奇迹。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们俯下身去，看见一只大螳螂正附着在链子上。A. struggled 挣扎；B. put
放置；C. bent 弯腰；D. dropped 落下。根据上文“Our family was sitting on the porch”和下文“forward to see
a large praying mantis (螳螂) attaching to the chain”可推知，坐在秋千上的他们应该是向前弯下腰，去看这只
大螳螂。故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们屏住呼吸看着，不想把它吓跑。A. breath 呼吸；B. attention 注意力；C.
back 背部；D. tool 工具。根据下文“not wanting to scare it away”可知，他们不想把它吓跑，因此是屏住呼
吸看着，固定短语hold one’s breath 意为“屏住呼吸”。故选A。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的半个小时里，我们坐在那里静静地聊天，看着昆虫在链子上爬
上爬下。A. casually 随意地；B. quietly 安静地；C. happily 高兴地；D. nervously 紧张地。根据上文“not
wanting to scare it away”可知，他们不想把它吓跑，因此是坐在那里静静地聊天。故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. looking 看；B. flying 飞行；C. climbing 爬；D. falling 跌倒。根据
下文“up and down the chain”和“its slow, precise movements”可知，这只螳螂行动缓慢而精确，应该是在链
子上爬上爬下。故选C。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它似乎对没有受到我们的存在的影响，我们很感激看到它缓慢而精确的
行动。A. unbothered 不受影响的，不关心的；B. undoubted 无疑的；C. unattractive 没有吸引力的；D.
unaccessible 不可接近的。根据下文“to observe its slow, precise movements”可知，这只螳螂行动缓慢而精确，
专注于自己的行为，因此是没有受到作者一家的影响。故选A。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. grateful 感激的；B. frightened 害怕的；C. impatient 不耐烦的；
D. responsible 负责任的。根据下文“the beautiful blessings surrounding us each day”以及“simply ___13____
the gifts of this beautiful world when I see them”可知，作者认为能够观察到这只螳螂缓慢而精确的行动是大
自然所带来的美好的礼物，因此是对看到这样的情景心存感激。故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果不是我丈夫指出来，我们是不会注意到的。A. selected 选择；B.
recognized 识别，认出；C. noticed 注意到；D. scolded 责骂。根据下文“if my husband had not pointed it out”
可推知，如果不是作者的丈夫指出来，他们不会注意到这只微小的昆虫。故选C。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多时候，我们度过了一生，却没有意识到每天围绕在我们身边的美好
的事情。A. unfamiliar 不熟悉的；B. proud 骄傲的，自豪的；C. shameful 可耻的；D. unaware 没有意识到的，
未察觉的。根据下文“Too often, I define myself by my productivity.”以及“I start my morning with a checklist
and ___11___ my worth by how much I get done by the day’s end.”可知，作者常常用生产力来定义自己，忙
于工作，因此会没有意识到自己周围的美丽的事物。故选D。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不想把坐着观察一只昆虫半个小时的奖励视为理所当然。A. courage 勇气；
B. wisdom 智慧；C. safety 安全；D. reward 奖励。根据上文“the beautiful blessings surrounding us each day”
以及下文“I’m learning to ____12____ my tireless striving for productivity and simply ___13____ the gifts of
this beautiful world when I see them”可知，作者认为观察到这只螳螂是大自然给予的美好的礼物，坐着观察
一只昆虫半个小时对自己来说是个奖励，但一直不知疲倦地工作的作者不想把这一奖励视作理所当然的。
故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. owe 欠，归功于；B. take 取，拿；C. bring 带来；D. fetch(去)取
来。根据下文“for granted”可知，此处是固定短语take sth. for granted，意为“把……视作理所当然”。故
选B。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天早上，我都会列一张清单，并以一天结束时我完成了多少工作来衡量
自己的价值。A. balance 使平衡；B. measure 测量，衡量；C. assume 假设；D. promote 促进，推动。根据上
文“Too often, I define myself by my productivity.”可知，作者常常用生产力来定义自己，也就是追求生产力，
因此会在一天结束时以完成了多少工作来衡量自己的价值。故选B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正在学习停止不知疲倦地追求生产力，当我看到这个美丽世界的礼物时，
只是欣赏它们。A. defend 保护，辩护；B. keep 保持；C. imagine 想象；D. stop 停止。根据下文“I think I’ll
____15____ and sit for a while in search of another beautiful bug”可知，作者打算坐下来寻找一只美丽的昆虫，
故此处指作者正在学习停止不知疲倦地工作，开始学习享受大然。故选D。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. enjoy 享受，欣赏；B. deliver 递送；C. produce 生产；D. ignore 忽
视。根据文章最后一句中“just to appreciate the beauty of nature”可知，作者学着去欣赏自然的美、大自然
的馈赠。故选A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一种生物都有一个小小的奇迹。A. principle 原则；B. purpose 目的；C.
wonder 奇迹；D. puzzle 谜语。根据上文“the beautiful blessings surrounding us each day”以及“to observe its
slow, precise movements”可知，作者意识到每天都有美丽的事物围绕着自己，像这只缓慢而精确运动的螳
螂一样，每一种生物都有一个小小的奇迹。故选C。
15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想我要出去坐一会儿，寻找另一个美丽的虫子，欣赏大自然的美。A.
pull through 痊愈，完成；B. go out 出去，熄灭；C. turn up 出现，露面；D. come back 回来。根据“sit for a
while in search of another beautiful bug just to appreciate the beauty of nature.”可知，此处指出去寻找另一只美
丽的昆虫，欣赏自然界的美丽，故选B。
4.（2025·吉林省长春市高三下学期质量监测（三））
词数：246 话题：保持信念，展现自己强大和坚定 体裁：夹叙夹议
“You’re just a girl and you fight like a girl!” A boy spoke ill of my boxing performance as he ran away. Like
a rock to a piece of glass, it
1
my belief that I could do anything that my male classmates could do, and
my confidence
2
into the blackness of nonexistence.
Through the years, I buried those
3
in the depth of my memory as life replaced them with tasks,
goals and accomplishments. Days melted away, and my life became a welcome movie that replayed daily but then
4
ran out of control as I was met with the
5
: “You have cancer.”
A
6
year of surgeries and complications (并发症) prevented my happy ending
7
. Then
came periods of calm
8
with interruptions of relapses (复发). Three times in my life, I have recalled
those awful words through my half-a-century battles. But through my faith, I never allowed them to leave me
9
. Every incident in life becomes an opportunity to explore new paths and to remind myself how strong and
10
I am.
After one of my
11
, someone asked me, “How do you keep going and not give up?”
12
, I was taken back to that scene of my
13
. What the boy had said suddenly
14
new
meaning in my heart. A smile formed upon my lips as I turned to face my friend. “I
15
because I
FIGHT LIKEA GIRL.”
1．A．ruined
B．supported
C．built
D．corrected
2．A．faded
B．decreased
C．flowed
D．jumped
3．A．tests
B．tips
C．sights
D．words
4．A．undoubtedly
B．unexpectedly
C．unaffectedly
D．unreservedly
5．A．faith
B．wish
C．news
D．joke
6．A．wearing
B．relaxing
C．satisfying
D．comforting
7．A．on time
B．under control
C．at bay
D．in store
8．A．linked
B．equipped
C．mixed
D．marked
9．A．fearless
B．heartless
C．speechless
D．hopeless
10．A．honest
B．determined
C．sensitive
D．generous
11．A．promises
B．battles
C．slips
D．calls
12．A．Obviously
B．Accidentally
C．Instantly
D．Luckily
13．A．youth
B．laughter
C．doubt
D．loss
14．A．laid
B．caught
C．found
D．held
15．A．fail
B．respond
C．survive
D．stop
【答案】
1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．B
12．C 13．A 14．D 15．C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过回忆自己少年时期被男孩言语打击，以及后来患癌与病魔抗争的
经历，阐述了面对生活中的困难和挫折时，要像女孩一样坚强，保持信念，展现自己强大和坚定的一面。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像石头砸向玻璃一样，它摧毁了我认为我能做任何我男同学能做的事情
的信念，我的信心消失在虚无的黑暗中。A. ruined 摧毁；B. supported 支持；C. built 建造；D. corrected 纠
正。根据上文“A boy spoke ill of my boxing performance as he ran away.”以及下文“my belief that I could do
anything that my male classmates could do”可知，男孩的话让作者认为自己做不到男同学能做的事情，即男
孩的话摧毁了作者的信念。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像石头砸向玻璃一样，它摧毁了我认为我能做任何我男同学能做的事情
的信念，我的信心消失在虚无的黑暗中。A. faded 褪色，消失；B. decreased 减少；C. flowed 流动；D.
jumped 跳跃。根据下文“into the blackness of nonexistence”可知，作者的信心消失在虚无的黑暗中。故选
A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我把这些话埋在记忆的深处，生活用任务、目标和成就取代了它
们。A. tests 测试；B. tips 建议；C. sights 视力；D. words 话语。根据上文“A boy spoke ill of my boxing
performance as he ran away.”可知，此处指男孩说的话。故选D。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：日子一天天过去，我的生活变成了一部受欢迎的电影，每天都在重播，但
当我得到“你得了癌症”的消息时，我的生活出乎意料地失控了。A. undoubtedly 无疑地；B. unexpectedly
意外地；C. unaffectedly 真诚地；D. unreservedly 无保留地。根据下文“ran out of control as I was met with
the
5
: “You have cancer.””可知，作者得了癌症，这是出乎意料的事情。故选B。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：日子一天天过去，我的生活变成了一部受欢迎的电影，每天都在重播，但
当我得到“你得了癌症”的消息时，我的生活出乎意料地失控了。A. faith 信念；B. wish 希望；C. news 消
息；D. joke 玩笑。根据下文“You have cancer”可知，作者得到自己患癌的消息。故选C。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：漫长的一年充满了手术和并发症，使我无法保持清醒。A. wearing 令人疲
倦的；B. relaxing 放松的；C. satisfying 令人满意的；D. comforting 安慰的。根据下文“year of surgeries and
complications”可知，手术和并发症让作者疲惫不堪。故选A。
7．考查介词短语辨析。句意：漫长的一年充满了手术和并发症，使我无法保持清醒。A. on time 准时；B.
under control 在控制下；C. at bay 在控制之中，不迫近；D. in store 贮藏着。根据上文“year of surgeries and
complications”可知，作者患癌，有很多手术和并发症，所以无法保持清醒，即无法控制自己。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后是一段平静与复发中断的时期。A. linked 连接；B. equipped 装备；C.
mixed 混合；D. marked 标记。根据下文“with interruptions of relapses”可知，此处指平静与复发中断的时期
混合在一起，故选C。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但通过我的信仰，我从未让它们让我绝望。A. fearless 无畏的；B.
heartless 无情的；C. speechless 说不出话的；D. hopeless 绝望的。根据上文“But through my faith, I never
allowed them to leave me”以及下文“Every incident in life becomes an opportunity to explore new paths and to
remind myself how strong”可知，作者通过自己的信仰，没有让那些不好的事情让自己绝望。故选D
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生活中的每一件事都成为探索新道路的机会，提醒自己我有多坚强，有
多坚定。A. honest 诚实的；B. determined 坚决的；C. sensitive 敏感的；D. generous 慷慨的。根据上文
“how strong and”可知，作者提醒自己有多坚强，有多坚定。故选B。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一次战斗之后，有人问我：你是怎么坚持下来而不放弃的？''A. promises
承诺；B. battles 战斗；C. slips 滑倒；D. calls 打电话。根据上文“Three times in my life, I have recalled those
awful words through my half-a-century battles.”可知，作者与癌症的战斗。故选B。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我立刻被带回到我年轻时的场景。A. Obviously 显然；B. Accidentally 意外
地；C. Instantly 立刻；D. Luckily 幸运地。根据下文“I was taken back to that scene of my”可知，作者立刻被
带回到年轻时的场景。故选C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我立刻被带回到我年轻时的场景。A. youth 青春；B. laughter 笑声；C.
doubt 怀疑；D. loss 损失。根据上文“I was taken back to that scene of my”以及下文“of my half-a-century
battles”可知，作者回忆自己年轻时的事情。故选A。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个男孩说的话在我心里突然有了新的含义。A. laid 放置；B. caught 抓住；
C. found 找到；D. held 握住，包含。根据下文“new meaning in my heart”可知，此处指男孩的话在作者心
里有了新的含义。故选D。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我微笑着转向我的朋友。我活了下来，“因为我像女孩一样战斗。”A.
fail 失败；B. respond 回答；C. survive 幸存；D. stop 停止。根据下文“because I FIGHT LIKEA GIRL”以及
上文提到作者患癌，所以此处指作者因为像女孩一样战斗而活了下来。故选C。
5.（2025·江西省名校学术联盟高三下学期模拟冲刺英语试题（四））
词数：258 话题：珍惜生活中的每一个瞬间 体裁：夹叙夹议
Many years ago when I had a radio program, one of my listeners called me a “scavenger (拾荒者)”. It wasn’t
meant to be a(n)
1
. In fact, I took it as a great
2
to what I did. She went on to say, “You scavenge
through life to find things that are so important yet
3
by most people. ”
I
4
it by saying that sometimes the most important things are so
5
that they become the
background of our lives. Like watching a movie, I often listen to the main
6
but watch the people in the
back — the “extras (群众演员)”, as they are called.
That’s where the problem
7
. We take people, places, moments for granted and see them as “extras”.
Almost like the show American Pickers. The two main characters scavenge for things that, by themselves are
significant, but
8
in piles of debris (废墟).
Never take anything or anyone for granted. I understood this
9
last year, when I
10
something that happened everyday during the summer. At dusk, the sun
11
behind our home and for just
a few minutes, the sun light
12
the trees. I took that picture with my phone. It made for a nice picture but
much more than that.
It is a
13
that I had lived, that I had made it through another day and it is more
14
than
gold. Every sun set is
15
. Every sun rise is a proof that life has given you another chance.
1．A．compliment
B．joke
C．offense
D．surprise
2．A．criticism
B．praise
C．challenge
D．responsibility
3．A．appreciated
B．noticed
C．valued
D．overlooked
4．A．confirmed
B．clarified
C．doubted
D．rejected
5．A．obvious
B．complicated
C．impressive
D．mysterious
6．A．plots
B．scenes
C．themes
D．characters
7．A．slips
B．begins
C．continues
D．ends
8．A．buried
B．exposed
C．displayed
D．preserved
9．A．knowledge
B．word
C．truth
D．problem
10．A．denied
B．forgot
C．imagined
D．discovered
11．A．set
B．passed
C．glowed
D．stopped
12．A．took in
B．cut off
C．broke through
D．fed on
13．A．mark
B．memory
C．symbol
D．reminder
14．A．popular
B．heavy
C．valuable
D．natural
15．A．critical
B．different
C．similar
D．ordinary
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．A
12．C 13．D 14．C 15．B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己做广播节目时听众的评价以及对生活中常见事物的观察，
感悟到不要把任何事物或人视为理所当然，要珍惜生活中的每一个瞬间。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这并不是要冒犯我。A. compliment 赞美；B. joke 玩笑；C. offense 冒犯；D.
surprise 惊喜。根据上文“one of my listeners called me a “scavenger (拾荒者)””和下文“In fact, I took it as a
great”可知下文提到作者实际上认为这是好的，可推理出作者并不认为被称作“拾荒者”是一种冒犯，故
选C 项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我把它当作对我所做事情的极大赞美。A. criticism 批评；B. praise
赞美；C. challenge 挑战；D. responsibility 责任。根据下文“In fact, I took it as a great”可知上文提到作者并
不认为被称作“拾荒者”是一种冒犯，反而认为是好的，分析选项，B 项“praise 赞美”表示的含义符合
语境，作者把它当作对所做事情的极大赞美，故选B 项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你在生活中搜寻那些非常重要但却被大多数人忽视的东西。A. appreciated
欣赏；感激；B. noticed 注意到；C. valued 重视；D. overlooked 忽视。根据下文“they become the
background of our lives”可知下文说的是这些东西成为了我们生活的背景，可推理出此处说的是重要但被忽
视的东西，故选D 项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我通过说有时候最重要的东西是如此明显以至于它们成为了我们生活的背
景来澄清这一点。A. confirmed 确认；B. clarified 澄清；C. doubted 怀疑；D. rejected 拒绝。根据下文
“saying that sometimes the most important things are so”可知下文说的是作者要谈最重要的东西的情况，可
推理出作者是在对听众的话进行进一步的解释说明，即澄清，故选B 项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我通过说有时候最重要的东西是如此明显以至于它们成为了我们生活的
背景来澄清这一点。A. obvious 明显的；B. complicated 复杂的；C. impressive 印象深刻的；D. mysterious 神
秘的。根据上文“the most important things”以及下文“they become the background of our lives”可知上文说
的是最重要的东西，下文说的是成为了我们生活的背景，可推理出此处说的是有时候最重要的东西是如此
明显以至于它们成为了我们生活的背景，故选A 项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像看电影一样，我经常倾听主要角色但却看后面的人——也就是所谓的
“群众演员”。A. plots 情节；B. scenes 场景；C. themes 主题；D. characters 角色。根据上文“Like
watching a movie” 可知上文说的是就像看电影一样，可推理出空白处应填表示“角色”含义的表达，与后
文“群众演员”形成对比，故选D 项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是问题开始的地方。A. slips 滑倒；B. begins 开始；C. continues 继续；
D. ends 结束。根据上文“watch the people in the back”以及下文“We take people, places, moments for granted
and see them as “extras””可知上文说的是看背后的人，下文说的是我们把人、地方、时刻视为理所当然，并
把它们看作“群众演员”，可得出问题“始于”人们将一些人和事物视为背景，故选B 项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两个主要角色搜寻那些本身很重要但却埋在废墟堆里的东西。A. buried
埋葬；B. exposed 暴露；C. displayed 展示；D. preserved 保存。根据上文“by themselves are significant”以及
下文“in piles of debris”可知上文说的是本身很重要的东西，下文说的是在废墟堆里，可推理出此处说的是
所以是本身很重要但却埋在废墟堆里的东西，故选A 项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我去年理解了这个真理，当时我发现了夏天每天都会发生的事情。A.
knowledge 知识；B. word 单词，话语；C. truth 真理；D. problem 问题。根据上文“Never take anything or
anyone for granted.”可知上文说的是永远不要把任何事物或人视为理所当然，这是作者感悟到的一个真理，
所以这里是理解了这个真理，故选C 项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我去年理解了这个真理，当时我发现了夏天每天都会发生的事情。A.
denied 否认；B. forgot 忘记；C. imagined 想象；D. discovered 发现。根据下文“something that happened
everyday during the summer”可知下文提到了夏天每天都会发生的事情，可推理出作者是发现了这样一个每
天都会发生的景象，故选D 项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：黄昏时分，太阳在我们家后面落下，有那么几分钟，阳光穿透了树木。A.
set 落下；B. passed 经过；C. glowed 发光；D. stopped 停止。根据上文“At dusk, the sun”可知上文提到了黄
昏，黄昏时太阳是落下的，故选A 项。
12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：黄昏时分，太阳在我们家后面落下，有那么几分钟，阳光穿透了树木。A.
took in 吸收；欺骗；B. cut off 切断；C. broke through 突破；穿透；D. fed on 以……为食。根据下文“the
trees”可知下文提到了树木，可推理出这里是说阳光穿透了树木，故选C 项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个提醒，提醒我我活过，提醒我我又度过了一天，它比黄金更有价
值。A. mark 标志；B. memory 记忆；C. symbol 象征；D. reminder 提醒的事物。根据下文“that I had lived,
that I had made it through another day”可知下文说的是我活过，我又度过了一天，这个景象是对作者的一个
提醒，故选D 项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个提醒，提醒我我活过，提醒我我又度过了一天，它比黄金更有
价值。A. popular 受欢迎的；B. heavy 重的；C. valuable 有价值的；D. natural 自然的。根据下文“than gold”
可知下文说的是与黄金相比较，可推理出这里是说它比黄金更有价值，故选C 项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每一次日落都是不同的。每一次日出都证明生活又给了你一次机会。A.
critical 关键的；B. different 不同的；C. similar 相似的；D. ordinary 普通的。根据下文“Every sun rise is a
proof that life has given you another chance.”可知下文说的是每一次日出都证明生活又给了你一次机会，可推
理出作者认为每一次日落都是独特的，不同的，故选B 项。
6.（2025·河南省青桐鸣联考高三下学期3 月模拟预测）
词数：243 话题：重获成长与自信 体裁：夹叙夹议
By my early 40s, I had exhausted all the hobbies that were supposed to make me feel better about entering
middle age. At the
1
of my low-grade desperation, I decided to sign up for a ballet class.
I nearly
2
myself the first time I tried to lift my leg onto our table in an attempt to stretch. I could
see how I didn’t exactly look like
3
ballerina material. But I was
4
to give it a try.
Though I’d expected my classes to be
5
demanding, I hadn’t anticipated that my teacher’s
command to“
6
more space” would change my way of being in the world. When I lamented (悲叹) my
lack of elegance in the
7
act, my teacher reminded me that ballet isn’t about perfection.
8
, he
said, it’s about
9
perfection.
Slowly, I started becoming more
10
with the body I saw staring back at me in the mirror. My
posture (姿态) still needs
11
, but the idea that my body is still a work in
12
encourages me.
Ballet is
13
me to rethink my relationship with my body, and instead of noticing only the beginnings of
older age descending (降临) upon me. I’ve learned to stand with more
14
.
When I do my daily ballet class, I focus on my breathing and move my body in ways that always
15
me and remind me of everything that is possible.
1．A．pace
B．height
C．extent
D．start
2．A．abandoned
B．hid
C．injured
D．scared
3．A．potential
B．classical
C．unusual
D．total
4．A．expected
B．determined
C．hesitant
D．persuaded
5．A．mentally
B．emotionally
C．socially
D．physically
6．A．take up
B．give up
C．look up
D．put up
7．A．random
B．optional
C．simple
D．different
8．A．Afterwards
B．Rather
C．Moreover
D．Therefore
9．A．pursuing
B．asking
C．searching
D．inspecting
10．A．strict
B．worried
C．familiar
D．comfortable
11．A．protection
B．correction
C．improvement
D．recognition
12．A．progress
B．silence
C．existence
D．growth
13．A．begging
B．warning
C．ordering
D．forcing
14．A．strength
B．patience
C．confidence
D．praise
15．A．confuse
B．challenge
C．judge
D．damage
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C
12．A 13．D 14．C 15．B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述一名中年女性通过练习芭蕾，克服身体不自信，接纳自我不完
美，在追求优雅中重获成长与自信的故事。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在抑郁绝望达到顶点，我决定报一个芭蕾舞班。A. pace 步伐；B. height 高
度；C. extent 程度；D. start 开始。根据上文“By my early 40s, I had exhausted all the hobbies that were
supposed to make me feel better about entering middle age”可知，我在进入中年之初感到身心疲惫，因此在抑
郁绝望达到顶点时，报名芭蕾舞课。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我第一次试图把腿抬到桌子上伸展身体时，我差点受伤。A. abandoned 放弃；
B. hid 隐藏；C. injured 受伤；D. scared 害怕。根据下文“I tried to lift my leg onto our table in an attempt to
stretch.”可知，我在刚刚开始练习拉伸时，会因为不熟练或是身体僵硬而险些受伤。故选C。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看得出来我不太像芭蕾舞演员的料。A. potential 有潜力的；B. classical
古典的；C. unusual 不寻常的；D. total 完全的。根据上文“I nearly ___2__ myself the first time I tried to lift
my leg onto our table in an attempt to stretch.”可知，我在练习之初差点受伤，因此判断自己没有跳芭蕾的潜
力。故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我决心要试一试。A. expected 预期的；B. determined 坚定的；C.
hesitant 犹豫的；D. persuaded 被说服的。根据下文“to give it a try”可知，我下定决心尝试学习芭蕾。故选
B。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然我预料到我的课对体力的要求很高，但我没有想到老师“占更多空
间”的命令会改变我在这个世界上的生活方式。A. mentally 精神上；B. emotionally 情感上；C. socially 社
交上；D. physically 身体上。根据上文“I tried to lift my leg onto our table in an attempt to stretch.”可知，跳芭
蕾舞需要作拉伸，经过大量练习即保证柔韧性，因此这里指对身体体力要求高。故选D。
6．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：虽然我预料到我的课对体力的要求很高，但我没有想到老师“占更多
空间”的命令会改变我在这个世界上的生活方式。A. take up 占据；B. give up 放弃；C. look up 查阅；D.
put up 搭建。根据上文“I tried to lift my leg onto our table in an attempt to stretch.”可知，跳芭蕾舞需要作拉
伸，以保证整个身体打开，这里“占据更多空间”意味着老师让我讲身体完全打开的状态。故选A。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我哀叹我在简单的动作中缺乏优雅时，我的老师提醒我，芭蕾不是完
美的。相反，他说，这是关于追求完美。A. random 随机的；B. optional 可选的；C. simple 简单的；D.
different 不同的。根据上文“When I lamented (悲叹) my lack of elegance”可知，这里推断是指一些简单的动
作，我能做到但是不够优美。故选C。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我哀叹我在简单的动作中缺乏优雅时，我的老师提醒我，芭蕾不是完美
的。相反，他说，这是关于追求完美。A. Afterwards 之后；B. Rather 相反地；C. Moreover 此外；D.
Therefore 因此。根据上文“When I lamented (悲叹) my lack of elegance”及“my teacher reminded me that
ballet isn’t about perfection.”可知，我认为跳芭蕾一定要动作优美，但是老师告诉我芭蕾并不是要求完美，
这里指老师与我对于芭蕾的理解持相反的观点。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我哀叹我在简单的动作中缺乏优雅时，我的老师提醒我，芭蕾不是完美
的。相反，他说，这是关于追求完美。A. pursuing 追求；B. asking 询问；C. searching 搜索；D. inspecting
检查。根据上文“my teacher reminded me that ballet isn’t about perfection.”可知，老师告诉我跳芭蕾不是一
定要做到完美，而是重视追求完美的过程。故选A。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，我开始对镜子里自己的身体感到舒服。A. strict 严格的；B.
worried 担心的；C. familiar 熟悉的；D. comfortable 舒适的。根据上文“my teacher reminded me that ballet
isn’t about perfection.”可知，老师提醒芭蕾不是完美的，我的心态发生改变，开始重视练习的过程，我开始
对镜子里自己的身体感到舒服，不再有心理压力。故选D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的姿势仍然需要改进，但我的身体仍在进步的想法鼓励了我。A.
protection 保护；B. correction 纠正；C. improvement 改进；D. recognition 认可。根据上文“When I lamented
(悲叹) my lack of elegance”可知，我在练习之初表现并不好，因此这里指自己的动作需要改进。故选C。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的姿势仍然需要改进，但我的身体仍在进步的想法鼓励了我。A.
progress 进步；B. silence 沉默；C. existence 存在；D. growth 成长。根据下文“encourages me”可知，我受
到鼓励，因为我的身体处于良好的进步的状态。故选A。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：芭蕾舞迫使我重新思考我和我身体的关系，而不是仅仅注意到年龄的开始
降临。A. begging 乞求；B. warning 警告；C. ordering 命令；D. forcing 强迫。根据下文“instead of noticing
only the beginnings of older age descending (降临) upon me.”可知，我原来很在意自己的年龄，但是练习芭蕾
迫使我重新认识了我与自己身体及年龄的关系。故选D。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我学会了更自信地站立。A. strength 力量；B. patience 耐心；C. confidence
自信；D. praise 赞扬。根据上文“instead of noticing only the beginnings of older age descending (降临) upon
me.”可知，我不再关注自己的年龄，而是通过芭蕾重新认识自己与身体年龄的关系。因此更加自信从容，
不再焦虑。故选C。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我每天上芭蕾舞课的时候，我专注于我的呼吸，以一种总是挑战我的方
式移动我的身体，提醒我一切皆有可能。A. confuse 使困惑；B. challenge 挑战；C. judge 判断；D. damage
损害。根据下文“remind me of everything that is possible.”可知，我不在刻意关注自己的年龄，而是专心练
习芭蕾，挑战身体极限，重视追求完美的过程。故选B。
7.（2025·四川省成都市高三下学期第二次高考适应性测试）
词数：238 话题：团结前行的意义 体裁：夹叙夹议
I grew up in Pacific Palisades, one of the Los Angeles neighborhoods burned down by the wildfires. As a
small town, it was a
1
place since everyone got on well.
But today, it has been
2
the map. Now I’m standing on a street where my favorite restaurant, Cafe
Vida, once stood. It is
3
. Closing my eyes, I could list dozens of places that are
4
of my
childhood and are no longer here.
Fires were a part of my childhood and there was always the
5
of them. But never had I
6
that there would be such a (n)
7
. And yet, that is what
8
happened.
While I am
9
the wildfires, my friends are texting, asking me to
10
if their homes
are still standing. As a journalist, no matter what events I’m reporting, I love connecting with other people. This
way, I feel something
11
about being here, in a place I know so well, using the tools that I’ve
learned on this job to help
12
this story. But it is also very emotional, because you don’t truly
13
the town in the moment. In a way, doing this job is part of my
14
experience for the
Palisades.
This is about people right now. Everything is gone, but we’re still here and we still have each other, and
that’s what
15
is going to be all about.
1．A．popular
B．special
C．suitable
D．lovely
2．A．hidden from
B．stuck to
C．wiped off
D．added to
3．A．old
B．gone
C．strange
D．lively
4．A．memories
B．dreams
C．pities
D．remains
5．A．disappointment B．fear
C．delight
D．relief
6．A．remembered
B．imagined
C．admitted
D．reminded
7．A．encounter
B．campaign
C．accident
D．disaster
8．A．exactly
B．eventually
C．suddenly
D．usually
9．A．investigating
B．fighting
C．covering
D．watching
10．A．check
B．guess
C．determine
D．tell
11．A．beautiful
B．hopeful
C．frightening
D．annoying
12．A．witness
B．share
C．make
D．change
13．A．understand
B．protect
C．record
D．access
14．A．worrying
B．awkward
C．painful
D．boring
15．A．giving in
B．sitting back
C．holding on
D．moving forward
【答案】
1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．A
12．B 13．D 14．C 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者回忆了被野火烧毁的家乡，表达了对童年记忆的怀念和对灾难的感
慨，同时强调了人们团结前行的意义。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个小镇，这是一个可爱的地方，因为每个人都相处得很好。A.
popular 受欢迎的；B. special 特别的；C. suitable 合适的；D. lovely 可爱的。根据后文“since everyone got
on well”可知，人们相处融洽，说明小镇氛围和谐美好，是个可爱的地方。故选D 项。
2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但如今，它已从地图上被抹去。A. hidden from 隐藏；B. stuck to 坚持；C.
wiped off 抹去；D. added to 增加。前文提到“I grew up in Pacific Palisades, one of the Los Angeles
neighborhoods burned down by the wildfires”，小镇被野火摧毁，意味着它在现实中已面目全非，如同从地
图上被抹去。故选C 项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它不见了。A. old 旧的；B. gone 消失的；C. strange 奇怪的；D. lively 活
泼的。由前文“Now I’m standing on a street where my favorite restaurant, Cafe Vida, once stood”可知，作者站
在曾经餐厅所在的街道，说明餐厅现在已不存在，消失了。故选B 项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：闭上眼睛，我能列出几十处承载着我童年回忆、如今却已不复存在的地方。
A. memories 回忆；B. dreams 梦想；C. pities 遗憾；D. remains 遗迹。前文描述作者对小镇曾经场景的怀念，
结合“my childhood”可知，这些地方是作者童年生活的一部分，代表着童年回忆。故选A 项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：火灾是我童年的一部分，人们总是对它们心怀恐惧。A. disappointment 失望；
B. fear 恐惧；C. delight 高兴；D. relief 宽慰。因为“Fires were a part of my childhood”且野火具有破坏性，
会带来损失，所以人们自然会对火灾感到恐惧。故选B 项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我从未想象过会发生这样一场灾难。A. remembered 记得；B. imagined 想
象；C. admitted 承认；D. reminded 提醒。后文描述了野火造成小镇被烧毁的严重后果，这种程度的灾难是
作者之前没有预想和想象到的。故选B 项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我从未想象过会发生这样一场灾难。A. encounter 遭遇；B. campaign 运动；
C. accident 事故；D. disaster 灾难。结合前文提到小镇被野火“burned down”，可知，这是一场严重的灾难。
故选D 项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：而这正是确切发生的事情。A. exactly 确切地；B. eventually 最终；C.
suddenly 突然；D. usually 通常。根据前文“I grew up in Pacific Palisades, one of the Los Angeles
neighborhoods burned down by the wildfires.”可知，灾难是确切地发生了。故选A 项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在报道野火事件时，我的朋友们在发短信，让我查看他们的家是否还
在。A. investigating 调查；B. fighting 战斗；C. covering 报道；D. watching 观看。后文“As a journalist”表明
作者的职业，记者的工作就是对事件进行报道，所以这里是在报道野火事件。故选C 项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在报道野火事件时，我的朋友们在发短信，让我查看他们的家是否还
在。A. check 查看；B. guess 猜测；C. determine 决定；D. tell 告诉。根据后文“if their homes are still
standing”可知，朋友们想知道自己家的情况，所以让身处现场报道的作者去查看。故选A 项。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这样，我在这里，在一个我如此熟悉的地方，用我在这份工作中学到的
工具来分享这个故事，我感受到了一种美好的东西。A. beautiful 美好的；B. hopeful 有希望的；C.
frightening 可怕的；D. annoying 烦人的。作者利用自己的职业技能，在熟悉的家乡为大家分享故事，这种
行为和情感体验让作者觉得美好。故选A 项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样，我在这里，在一个我如此熟悉的地方，用我在这份工作中学到的工
具来分享这个故事。A. witness 见证；B. share 分享；C. make 制作；D. change 改变。根据前文“As a
journalist, no matter what events I’m reporting”可知，作者作为记者，其职责就是将野火事件的情况通过自己
的报道分享给大家。故选B 项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这也很情绪化，因为在那一刻你并没有真正进入这个小镇的状态。A.
understand 理解；B. protect 保护；C. record 记录；D. access 进入。前文描述作者在报道时既有工作的理性
又有对家乡的情感，说明此时作者还没有完全进入面对家乡灾难那种感同身受的状态。故选D 项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从某种程度上说，做这份工作是我对帕利塞兹痛苦经历的一部分。A.
worrying 令人担心的；B. awkward 尴尬的；C. painful 痛苦的；D. boring 无聊的。前文提到家乡被野火摧毁，
作者对那些熟悉地方的消失感到痛心，所以这是一段痛苦的经历。故选C 项。
15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：一切都没了，但我们还在这里，我们还有彼此，这就是未来要走的路。A.
giving in 屈服；B. sitting back 袖手旁观；C. holding on 坚持；D. moving forward 向前迈进。根据前文
“Everything is gone, but we’re still here and we still have each other”可知，虽然遭受灾难，但人们要振作起
来，携手向前，继续生活。故选D 项。
8.（2025·山东省高三下学期一模）
词数：235 话题：选择正确的道路 体裁：夹叙夹议
It was New Year’s Night. An aged man was standing at a window. He had brought from his journey nothing
but errors and
1
.
The days of his youth appeared like dreams before him, and he
2
the serious moment when his
father placed him at the
3
of the two roads — one leading to a peaceful, sunny place, covered with
flowers; the other leading to a deep, dark cave, which was
4
.
He looked towards the sky and cried
5
, “O youth, return! O my father, place me once more at the
entrance to life, and I’ll choose the better way!” But both his father and the days of his
6
had passed
away.
The clock in the high church tower
7
and the sound made him remember his parents’ early love
for him. They had taught him and
8
to God for his good. But he chose the wrong way. His
9
eyes were full of tears, and with a
10
effort, he
11
out a cry: “Come back, my early days!
Come back!”
And his youth did
12
, for all this was only a dream which he had on New Year’s Night. Those
who still
13
the entrance of life,
14
to choose the bright road, remember that when years
are passed and your feet stumble on the dark mountains, you will cry bitterly, but
15
.
1．A．determination
B．regret
C．power
D．satisfaction
2．A．recalled
B．chose
C．struggled
D．expected
3．A．end
B．middle
C．side
D．entrance
4．A．bright
B．visible
C．endless
D．available
5．A．painfully
B．worriedly
C．cautiously
D．cheerfully
6．A．hope
B．bitterness
C．honor
D．youth
7．A．knocked
B．struck
C．beat
D．disappeared
8．A．whispered
B．prayed
C．smiled
D．explained
9．A．brightened
B．deepened
C．widened
D．darkened
10．A．promising
B．outstanding
C．despairing
D．satisfying
11．A．burst
B．gave
C．carried
D．dropped
12．A．ignore
B．guide
C．return
D．prove
13．A．submit to
B．break through
C．contribute to
D．linger on
14．A．hesitating
B．deciding
C．approaching
D．approving
15．A．give in
B．break down
C．in vain
D．in case
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．C 11．A
12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过记叙一个年轻人在新年之夜做梦梦到自己晚年生活，非常后悔自
己在年轻时没有听从父亲的劝告，走正确的人生道路。以此文章来告诫犹豫不决的年轻人要选择正确的道
路。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从人生旅程中带回的只有错误和遗憾。A. determination 决心；B. regret 遗
憾；C. power 权利，势力；D. satisfaction 满足。and 连接并列成分，由error 可知，regret 符合语境。下文
“place me once more at the entrance to life, and I’ll choose the better way”可知，老人想要重新选择更好的道
路，说明他对自己之前的选择感到遗憾。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他青春的日子如梦在他面前显现，他回忆起父亲把他放在两条路的入口时
的严肃时刻——一条通向一个和平、阳光明媚、开满鲜花的地方；另一条则通向一个深邃、黑暗的洞穴，
那是无尽的。A. recalled 回忆；B. chose 选择；C. struggled 挣扎；D. expected 期待。根据上文“The days of
his youth appeared like dreams before him(他的青春岁月在他面前像做梦一样出现)”可知，此处指他回忆起了
过去的事情。故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. end 结束，末尾；B. middle 中间；C. side 一边；D. entrance 入口。
根据下文“one leading to a peaceful, sunny place, covered with flowers; the other leading to a deep, dark cave,
which was ____4____.”以及“place me once more at the entrance to life”可知，此处指两条路的入口。故选
D。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. bright 明亮的；B. visible 可见的；C. endless 无尽的；D.
available 可用的。根据上文“a deep, dark cave”可知，洞穴黑暗没有尽头。故选C。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他望着天空，痛苦地喊道：“哦，青春，回来！哦，我的父亲，再把我放
在生命的入口处，我会选择更好的道路！”A. painfully 痛苦地；B. worriedly 担心地；C. cautiously 谨慎地；
D. cheerfully 愉快地。根据下文“I’ll choose the better way!”可知，老人后悔没有选择更好的路，可推理出
此刻他很痛苦。故选A。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是他的父亲和他的青春岁月都已经过去了。A. hope 希望；B. bitterness 苦
涩；C. honor 荣誉；D. youth 青春。根据上文“O youth, return!”以及下文“he dared no longer look towards
that heaven where his father lived”可知，此处讲述他的青春岁月和父亲都已经逝去了。故选D。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：教堂高塔上的大钟敲响了，声音使他想起了父母早年对他的爱。A. knocked
敲(门等)；B. struck(钟)敲响；C. beat(心脏等)跳动，击打；D. disappeared 消失。根据句子主语“The clock”
以及下文“the sound made him remember his parents’ early love for him”可知，这里描述的是大钟敲响的情景。
故选B。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们教导他，为他的好而向上帝祈祷。A. whispered 低语；B. prayed 祈祷；
C. smiled 微笑；D. explained 解释。根据下文“to God for his good”可知，他的父母为他好而向上帝祈祷。
故选B。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他黯淡的双眼噙满了泪水，在绝望中，他嘶声高喊：“回来吧，我那逝
去的年华！” A. brightened 变亮的；B. deepened 加深的；C. widened 扩大的；D. darkened 变黑的，黯淡的。
根据下文“were full of tears”并结合语境可知，老人后悔选错路，此时他的眼睛应是黯淡无光、充满悔恨的。
故选D。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. promising 有希望的；B. outstanding 杰出的；C. despairing 绝望
的；D. satisfying 令人满意的。根据上文“O youth, return! O my father, place me once more at the entrance to
life, and I’ll choose the better way!”可知，老人后悔自己的选择，知道青春和机会都已不再，此时是绝望的。
故选C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. burst 突然发出，爆发；B. gave 给；C. carried 携带；D. dropped
丢下。根据下文“Come back, my early days! Come back!”可知，老人突然大喊一声，希望青春岁月回来。
故选A。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的青春真的回来了，因为这一切只是一个梦，他在新年之夜做的梦。A.
ignore 忽视；B. guide 引导；C. return 返回；D. prove 证明。根据下文“for all this was only a dream”可知，
这仅仅是一个梦，他依然年轻，可推理此处说的是他的青春确实回来了。故选C。
13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：那些仍在人生的十字路口徘徊，犹豫不决是否要选择光明之路的人，请记
住：当岁月流逝，你在黑暗的困境中步履蹒跚时，你会悲痛欲绝地哭泣，然而一切都已徒劳。A. submit to
屈服于；B. break through 突破；C. contribute to 贡献于；D. linger on 徘徊。结合下文“the entrance of life”可
知，这里是指仍在人生路口徘徊，犹豫选择哪条路的人们。故选D。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。 A. hesitating 犹豫；B. deciding 决定；C. approaching 接近；D.
approving 批准。结合上文讲述以及“to choose the bright road”可知，是指仍在人生路口徘徊，还在犹豫选
择哪条路。故选A。
15．考查动词和介词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. give in 屈服；B. break down 崩溃；C. in vain 徒劳；D. in
case 以防。根据上文“remember that when years are passed and your feet stumble on the dark mountains, you
will cry bitterly”可知，此处讲述青春逝去不会再回来，所以痛苦地呼喊也只是徒劳的。故选C。
9.（2025·安徽省宿州市高三上学期期末教学质量检测）
词数：256 话题：奉献和接受仁慈对我们的健康有益 体裁：夹叙夹议
Lena Ford was 7 when she started Arting for You. For this project, Lena collected art supplies and
1
them to kids in homeless shelters in and around her hometown of Marietta, Georgia. “My granny always wanted to
give back to others,” Lena, now 15, said in an interview. “I was
2
by that.”
Two years later, she
3
a small business called Positively Lena. It sells products with
4
messages, including a book Lena wrote to help kids get through hardships. “The world can be a really tough place,”
Lena says. “My goal is to spread
5
.” Part of the money she earns goes toward her
6
efforts. She
also offers workshops on creative writing.
“
7
, it makes me feel really happy,” Lena says. “And that’s my
8
to keep doing what I’m
doing: knowing that I’m making a
9
and knowing that I’m making people happy.”
Kindness is powerful. Studies show that giving and receiving kindness are good for our health. They
10
our mood and reduce stress. Research also suggests that kindness can be
11
. A person who receives an act
of kindness is more likely to show kindness to someone else
12
.
“Kindness means just making someone happy,” Lena says. “It can even be something as small as giving
someone a
13
: ‘Hey, your shirt looks nice.’ Something just like that can make someone smile. It doesn’t
have to be a grand
14
. You can always just do something small, and it can
15
.”
1．A．sold
B．donated
C．returned
D．rented
2．A．admired
B．confused
C．inspired
D．shocked
3．A．launched
B．continued
C．closed
D．abandoned
4．A．scientific
B．uplifting
C．alarming
D．secret
5．A．knowledge
B．creativity
C．culture
D．positivity
6．A．charitable
B．fruitless
C．overlooked
D．painful
7．A．Suddenly
B．Accidentally
C．Honestly
D．Slightly
8．A．ambition
B．motivation
C．profession
D．technique
9．A．difference
B．rule
C．choice
D．decision
10．A．reflect
B．ruin
C．sense
D．boost
11．A．random
B．infectious
C．unconditional
D．voluntary
12．A．under pressure B．for fun
C．in return
D．by chance
13．A．gift
B．praise
C．hand
D．ride
14．A．gesture
B．march
C．theory
D．discovery
15．A．cloud someone’s mood
B．break someone’s heart
C．recall someone’s time
D．
make someone’s day
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．B
12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了Lena 创办了一个小型企业，她将自己赚的一部分钱用
于她的慈善事业。通过此故事文章告诉我们善良是强大的。奉献和接受仁慈对我们的健康有益。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于这个项目，莉娜（Lena）收集了艺术用品，并将其捐赠给了她家乡乔
治亚州玛丽埃塔（Marietta）的无家可归者收容所的孩子。A. sold 卖；B. donated 捐赠；C. returned 返回；
D. rented 租用。由下文“them to kids in homeless shelters in and around her hometown of Marietta”和“My
granny always wanted to give back to others”可知，应该是捐给无家可归的孩子，故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我受那个鼓舞。A. admired 钦佩；B. confused 使困惑；C. inspired 鼓励；D.
shocked 使震惊。由上文“My granny always wanted to give back to others”可知，Lena 的奶奶总是想让她去
回报他人，所以她收集艺术用品，并将其捐赠给无家可归者收容所的孩子，是受到奶奶的鼓舞，故选C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两年后，她创办了一家名为Lena 的小型企业。A. launched 开发；创办；B.
continued 继续；C. closed 关闭；D. abandoned 遗弃。由下文“a small business called Positively Lena”可知，
她创办了一家企业，故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它出售带有积极信息的产品，包括莉娜（Lena）写的一本帮助孩子度过
难关的书。A. scientific 科学的；B. uplifting 振奋人心的；C. alarming 惊人的；D. secret 秘密的。由下文
“including a book Lena wrote to help kids get through hardships”可知，公司出售她写的一本帮助孩子度过难
关的书，这是积极的产品，由此可知，公司出售带有积极信息的产品，故选B。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的目标是传播积极性。A. knowledge 知识；B. creativity 创造力；C.
culture 文化；D. positivity 积极性。上文提到她创办的公司出售带有积极信息的产品，由此可知，她的目标
是传播积极性，故选D。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她赚的一部分钱用于她的慈善事业。A. charitable 仁慈的，慈善的；B.
fruitless 徒劳的；C. overlooked 被忽视的；D. painful 痛苦的。由上文“For this project, Lena collected art
supplies and______ them to kids in homeless shelters in and around her hometown of Marietta, Georgia.”可知，她
将赚的一部分钱用于慈善事业，故选A。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“老实说，这让我感到非常高兴，”莉娜说。A. Suddenly 突然；B.
Accidentally 意外地；C. Honestly 诚实地；老实说；D. Slightly 稍微。由下文“it makes me feel really happy”
可知，莉娜在坦白作慈善事业使自己高兴，即表示“老实说”。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是我继续做自己在做的事情的动力：知道我正在发挥作用，并且知道
我让人们开心。A. ambition 雄心；B. motivation 动机；动力；C. profession 职业；D. technique 技巧。由下
文“to keep doing what I’m doing”和上文“it makes me feel really happy”提到的作慈善事业使她开心可知，
这是她继续做慈善事业的动力，故选B。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是我继续做自己在做的事情的动力：知道我正在发挥作用，并且知道
我让人们开心。A. difference 差异；B. rule 规则；C. choice 选择；D. decision 决定。make a difference 固定
搭配，意为“产生影响；发挥作用”，由上文“knowing that I’m making a”可知，此处指她作慈善事业是自
己在发挥自己的作用，故选A。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它提升我们的情绪，减少我们的压力，A. reflect 反映；B. ruin 毁坏；C.
sense 感觉；D. boost 增加；提升。由下文“our mood and reduce stress”可知，奉献和接受仁慈能提升我们的
情绪，故选D。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究还表明，善良可能是有传染性的。A. random 随机的；B. infectious
传染的；C. unconditional 无条件的；D. voluntary 自愿的。由下文“A person who receives an act of kindness
is more likely to show kindness to someone else”可知，善良会传染，故选B。
12．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：一个受到善意行为的人更有可能去对别人表现出善意来作为回报。A.
under pressure 在压力下；B. for fun 为了好玩；C. in return 作为回报；D. by chance 偶然。由上文“A person
who receives an act of kindness is more likely to show kindness to someone else”可知，作为回报，受到善意行
为的人更有可能去对别人表现出善意，故选C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：甚至可以是一些小事情，比如称赞别人：“嘿，你的衬衫看起来不
错。”A. gift 礼物；B. praise 赞美；C. hand 手；D. ride 骑行。由下文“Hey, your shirt looks nice.”可知，这
是在称赞别人，故选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不需要是一个盛大的举动。A. gesture 手势；姿态；举动；B. march 游行；
C. theory 理论； D. discovery 发现。由上文“Something just like that can make someone smile.”可知，善意可
以是任何使别人高兴的事，不需要是盛大的举动，故选A。
15．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你总是可以只做一件小事，但它可以让某人的那一天变得美好。A.
cloud someone’s mood 使某人心情低落；B. break someone’s heart 伤某人的心；C. recall someone’s time 回忆
某人的时光；D. make someone’s day 让某人的一天变得愉快。由上文“You can always just do something
small, and it can”和“Hey, your shirt looks nice.”可知，做一些让别人高兴的小事可以让别人的一天变得美好，
故选D。
1.【2024 全国甲卷】One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk
outside, I was left alone in the ____21____ to help my grandmother wash dishes. ____22____ my grandmother
would tell me stories about her childhood.
Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____23____ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She
did not have a chance to go to ____24____. Like in typical families, where boys were ____25____ much more
than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do ____26____. The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to
____27____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____28____ with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at
the far end of the long dinner table, listening ____29____. This training taught her to read and write her Chinese
upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite ____30____, especially whenever we share the newspaper.
On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to the ____31____. There, they
would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their ____32____ while they watched
all action going on around them. This is something I ____33____ — her ability to open her ____34____
underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed.
My childhood is quite ____35____ compared with hers. I am ____36____ that I did not need to
____37____ the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of ____38____. I guess our different
childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to ____39____ to: her stories
always make my history textbooks ____40____.
21. A. sitting room
B. kitchen
C. yard
D. dining hall
22. A. As always
B. By the way
C. For example
D. Here and now
23. A. adjusted
B. promoted
C. achieved
D. experienced
24. A. work
B. school
C. court
D. press
25. A. favored
B. tolerated
C. trusted
D. acknowledged
26. A. gardening
B. homework
C. business
D. housework
27. A. exercise
B. study
C. explore
D. teach
28. A. food
B. guests
C. lessons
D. tea
29. A. closely
B. directly
C. nervously
D. freely
30. A. professional
B. awkward
C. simple
D. practical
31. A. market
B. mountain
C. beach
D. class
32. A. secret
B. breath
C. view
D. tongue
33. A. admire
B. notice
C. adopt
D. value
34. A. hands
B. mouth
C. eyes
D. arms
35. A. difficult
B. complex
C. happy
D. similar
36. A. grateful
B. surprised
C. convinced
D. regretful
37. A. reflect upon
B. go through
C. ask about
D. prepare for
38. A. unemployment
B. health
C. education
D. communication
39. A. attend
B. refer
C. lead
D. talk
40. A. come true
B. come round
C. come out
D. come alive
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34.
C 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者祖母的童年故事，以及作者从故事中得到的感悟。
【21 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当大人们在外面忙于严肃的谈话时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。A.
sitting room 客厅；B. kitchen 厨房；C. yard 院子；D. dining hall 餐厅。根据下文“to help my grandmother
wash dishes”可推知，此处指作者在厨房洗碗。故选B。
【22 题详解】
考查副词短语辨析。句意：一如既往地，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。As always 一如既往；B. By the
way 顺便说一句；C. For example 例如；D. Here and now 此时此地。根据语境，结合下文“my grandmother
would tell me stories about her childhood”可推知，此处指作者的祖母经常给作者讲童年故事，这次一如既往
的给作者讲她童年的故事。故选A。
【23 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖母出生在二战前夕，她的童年生活方式与我的完全不同。A. adjusted 调
整；B. promoted 促进；C. achieved 完成；D. experienced 经历。根据下文“an entirely different childhood
lifestyle from mine”可推知，此处指祖母经历的童年与作者的不同。故选D。
【24 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有机会上学。A. work 工作；B. school 学校；C. court 法院；D. press 出版社。
根据下文“The only opportunity she could seize to ____7____ was when her brother was having Chinese
____8____ with the family tutor”可推知，此处在指祖母生活的年代，她是没有机会上学的。故选B。
【25 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A. favored
赞成；B. tolerated 容忍；C. trusted 信任；D. acknowledged 承认。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go
to school. Like in typical families”并结合语境可推知，此处指作者祖母生活的年代是重男轻女的，所以祖母
才不被允许上学。故选A。
【26 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A.gardening
园艺；B. homework 家庭作业；C. business 商务；D.housework 家务。结合语境，再根据上文“my grandma
had to stay at home”可推知，此处指作者祖母在家里做家务。故选D。
【27 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A.
exercise 锻炼；B. study 学习；C. explore 探索；D. teach 教学。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to
school.”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母不被允许上学，自己找机会学习。故选B。
【28 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A.
food 食物；B. guests 客人；C. lessons 课程；D. tea 茶。根据上文“having Chinese”以及下文“with the
family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课。故选C。
【29 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她会安静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。A.closely 仔细地、紧密地；
B. directly 直接地；C. nervously 紧张地；D. freely 自由地。根据上文“The only opportunity she could seize to
study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end
of the long dinner table”可推知，此处指祖母抓住学习机会，仔细地旁听学习。故选A。
【30 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项训练教会了她把中文倒过来读和写——这项技能被证明是非常实用的，
尤其是当我们分享报纸的时候。A. professional 专业的；B. awkward 令人尴尬的；C. simple 简单的；D.
practical 实用的。根据上文“This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down”以及下文
“especially whenever we share the newspaper”可推知，此处指祖母学会的技能是非常实用的。故选D。
【31 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大多数周末，我的祖母，当时还是个小女孩，和她的哥哥会去海滩。A.
market 市场；B. mountain 山；C. beach 海滩；D. class 班级。根据下文“they would walk through deep water,
sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥去海滩玩水。故选C。
【32 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看着周围发生的一切。
A. secret 秘密；B. breath 呼吸；C. view 视野；D. tongue 舌头。根据上文“they would walk through deep
water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥在水下屏住呼吸。故选B。
【33 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. admire 钦佩；B.
notice 注意到；C.adopt 采纳；D. value 重视。根据下文“her ability to open her ____14____ underwater and
still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此处指作者佩服祖母在水里的能力。故选A。
【34 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. hands 手；B.
mouth 嘴；C. eyes 眼睛；D. arms 胳膊。根据上文“open her”以及下文“still sit comfortably on the seabed”可
推知，此处指祖母张开嘴在水底坐着。故选C。
【35 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。A. difficult 困难的；B. complex 复杂
的；C. happy 快乐的；D. similar 相似的。通读全文，再根据“compared with hers”可推知，此处指与祖母的
童年经历相比，作者的童年相当快乐。故选C。
【36 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. grateful 感激的；B. surprised 惊讶
的；C. convinced 深信不疑的；D. regretful 后悔的。根据上文“My childhood is quite happy compared with
hers.”可推知，此处指作者很感激自己的童年是快乐的。故选A。
【37 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. reflect upon 思考；B. go through 经历；
C. ask about 询问；D. prepare for 准备。根据上文“I am grateful that I did not need”以及下文“the hardships
like she did”可推知，此处指作者感激自己不需要经历祖母经历过的那些磨难。故选B。
【38 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。A.unemployment 失业；B. health 健康；C.
education 教育；D. communication 沟通。通读全文，再根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”
可推知，文章主要讲了祖母不被允许上学，没受过教育的困境，所以此处指作者从来没有遇到过受教育的
问题。故选C。
【39 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的
故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. attend 出席；B. refer 参考；C. lead 领导；D. talk 对话、讨论。结
合上文祖母给作者讲故事，再根据上文“makes my grandmother such an amazing person”可推知，此处指祖
母的经历使祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人。talk to“与某人交谈”。故选D。
【40 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的
故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. come true 成真；B. come round 苏醒；C. come out 出现；D. come
alive 变得生动。根据上文“I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an
amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my history textbooks”可推知，此处指作者祖母的经历和故事
丰富了作者的人生，使历史书上的故事变得生动鲜活，跃然纸上。故选D。
2.【2021 年全国乙卷】Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering
this while working as a ___41___ just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if
we had a range of words that express different ___42___ of gratitude(感谢).
My thoughts were soon ___43___. We had a woman patient who was ___44___ from a knee replacement
operation. One afternoon, while ___45___ to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was ___46___
discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, ___47___the emergency medical team and good
teamwork. But she recovered, though ___48___, and was ready for discharge(出院)after four weeks.
She was ___49___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge
we shared in her _____50_____ at her recovery. As she was _____51_____ she was eager to say
_____52_____ to each of us in the nursing team. When she _____53_____ one nurse, she tried to press a five-
pound note into her hand. My colleague _____54_____ to accept it, saying that we were all just _____55_____
our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then _____56_____:“Oh this isn't for the_____57_____ I had. I take that
as a _____58_____. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”
And there you have it. To many people,_____59_____lives is part of the job but styling hair is an
_____60_____ and should be rewarded.
41. A. cleaner
B. chemist
C. nurse
D. doctor
42. A. grades
B. meanings
C. needs
D. expectations
43. A. brushed aside
B. put to the test
C. brought under discussion D. taken into account
44. A. departing
B. escaping
C. retiring
D. recovering
45. A. attempting
B. choosing
C. pausing
D. promising
46. A. eventually
B. fortunately
C. casually
D. secretly
47. A. assessing
B. requiring
C. forming
D. proving
48. A. slightly
B. accidentally
C. slowly
D. happily
49. A. grateful
B. thoughtful
C. sorrowful
D. fearful
50. A. surprise
B. delight
C. curiosity
D. disappointment
51. A. operating
B. thinking
C. hesitating
D. leaving
52. A. sorry
B. hello
C. goodbye
D. yes
53. A. reached
B. consulted
C. introduced
D. persuaded
54. A. wished
B. pretended
C. failed
D. refused
55. A. enjoying
B. doing
C. securing
D. starting
56. A. repeated
B. recited
C. replied
D. reported
57. A. courage
B. patience
C. duty
D. care
58. A. goal
B. given
C. push
D. greeting
59. A. risking
B. changing
C. saving
D. building
60. A. honour
B. ability
C. opening
D. extra
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. B
51. D 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. D
【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者做护士期间遇到的一个女病人为例，表达了我
们应该对别人的付出表示真诚的感谢，即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。
【41 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周前我在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题。A. cleaner 清洁工；B. chemist 化
学家，药剂师；C. nurse 护士；D. doctor 医生。根据下文的“as she was 11 she was eager to say 12 to each
of us in the nursing team.”可知，当时作者是一名护士。故选C。
【42 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词语，那会容易得多。
A. grades 分数，级别，程度；B. meanings 意思；C. needs 需求；D. expectations 期待。根据上文的“simply
saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations”可知，作者认为如果有表达不同程度感谢的词，那
么感谢就容易得多了。故选A。
【43 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的想法很快就进行了测验。A. brushed aside 撇开；B. put to the test 经受考验，
接受……的考验；C. brought under discussion 在讨论中；D. taken into account 考虑。结合下文讲述女病人对
护士们的所为，可知作者的想法立即接受了测验。故选B。
【44 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。A. departing 出发，离开；B.
escaping 逃跑；C. retiring 退休；D. recovering 恢复。结合下文提到手术和病人从床上摔下来可知，病人正
在恢复中。故选D。
【45 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. attempting 试图，
尝试；B. choosing 选择；C. pausing 暂停；D. promising 承诺。结合上文提到这是个膝盖有伤的病人，可推
知她尝试着自己上床。故选A。
【46 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. eventually 最后；
B. fortunately 幸运地；C. casually 随意地；D. secretly 秘密地。结合上文病人是因为膝盖置换手术而住院，
由此可知，此处是指最终发现摔倒是因为心脏病。故选A。
【47 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次摔倒是灾难性的，需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。A. assessing 评估；
B. requiring 需要；C. forming 形成；D. proving 证明。根据“the collapse was disastrous”可知，要想把病人
治好需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。故选B。
【48 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然很慢，但她恢复了，四周后就可以出院了。A. slightly 轻微地；B.
accidently 意外地；C. slowly 缓慢地；D. happily 幸福地。根据上文的“the collapse was disastrous”可知，要
从灾难性的病痛中恢复一定很慢。故选C。
【49 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对医疗及护士团队为她所作的一切都非常感激。A. grateful 感激的；B.
thoughtful 体贴的；C. sorrowful 伤心的，悲伤的；D. fearful 恐惧的。结合下文女病人离开前和大家一一道
别，推知她对大家的付出表示感激。故选A。
50 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她出院那天，我们分享了她康复的喜悦。A. surprise 惊喜；B. delight 喜悦；
C. curiosity 好奇心；D. disappointment 失望。根据下文的“her recovery”可知，此处是指分享她康复的喜悦。
故选B。
【51 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. operating 手术；
B. thinking 思考；C. hesitating 犹豫；D. leaving 离开。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要
出院了，所以此处是指当她即将离开医院时。故选D。
【52 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. sorry 抱歉；
B. hello 你好；C. goodbye 再见；D. yes 同意。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要出院了，
由此推知她对护理团队的人告别，say goodbye to sb.“和某人告别”符合语境。故选C。
【53 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她走到一个护士身边时，她试图塞一张五英镑的钞票在她手里。A. reached
到达；B. consulted 咨询；C. introduced 介绍；D. persuaded 说服。结合上文提到女病人出院时要和护士们一
一道别可知，此处是指她走到一个护士的身边，用“reach”符合语境。故选A。
【54 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. wished 希望；B.
pretended 假装；C. failed 失败；D. refused 拒绝。结合常识和下文的“we were all just 13 our job”可知，作
者的同事拒绝收下女士给的钱。故选D。
【55 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. enjoying 享受；B.
doing 做；C. securing 获得，保护；D. starting 开始。根据上文提到作者的同事拒绝收下钱可推知，她认为
照顾病人只是做了自己应该做的事情而已。故选B。
【56 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认
为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. repeated 重复；B. recited 背诵；C. replied 回答，回应；
D. reported 报道。结合上文作者同事说照顾女士是自己的工作，不应该得到额外的礼物可知，此处是女病
人对同事说的话的回应。故选C。
【57 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认
为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. courage 勇气；B. patience 耐心；C. duty 职责；D. care
照顾。根据下文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”可知，女病人并不是因为护士的照顾才给的五英
镑。故选D。
【58 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认
为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. goal 目标；B. given 该给的东西；C. push 推力；D.
greeting 招呼。根据上文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”推知，女病人认为她得到的照顾是护士
们应该给她的（东西）。故选B。
【59 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但发型是额外的，应该得到奖励。
A. risking 冒险；B. changing 改变；C. saving 拯救，挽救；D. building 建设。根据上文内容可知，医生和护
理团队拯救了女病人的生命可知，此处指很多人认为拯救生命是医生和护士工作的一部分。故选C。
【60 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但做发型是额外的事情，应该得到
奖励。A. honour 荣誉；B. ability 能力；C. opening 开口处；D. extra 额外的东西。根据下文的“To many
people，
19
lives is part of the job”和“but”可知，此处指做发型是本职工作以外的事情，即额外做的事
情，应该得到奖励。故选D。
3.【2021 年浙江卷1 月】 Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to 16 on the Internet
and discovered Volunteer USA．Three months later I 17 myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was 18
at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of 19 ,
my worries had gone. Everyone was so 20 and like-minded that it was very 21 to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 22 . We had to 23 everything we
needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 24 way but in 35℃ heat and with a
heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 25 a stairway out of rock. This 26 climbing up and down the side of a mountain
inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,never 27 .
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The 28 of knowing that my 29 will be on
that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were 30 in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in
my tent. The temperature was close to 31 . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only 32
part of my tent.
33 , I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 34 . I think I
am much 35 for having taken part in the project.
16．A．calculate
B．negotiate
C．advertise
D．research
17．A．imagined
B．introduced
C．enjoyed
D．found
18．A．annoyed
B．surprised
C．scared
D．excited
19．A．arriving
B．sleeping
C．thinking
D．walking
20．A．confident
B．friendly
C．energetic
D．curious
21．A．funny
B．good
C．lucky
D．easy
22．A．tour
B．project
C．campaign
D．course
23．A．drop
B．make
C．carry
D．buy
24．A．nice
B．safe
C．long
D．quick
25．A．build
B．test
C．clean
D．guard
26．A．helped
B．ended
C．allowed
D．meant
27．A．hunted
B．trained
C．seen
D．fed
28．A．satisfaction
B．ambition
C．expectation
D．intention
29．A．work
B．memory
C．record
D．story
30．A．left
B．caught
C．attacked
D．separated
31．A．boiling
B．average
C．normal
D．freezing
32．A．tidy
B．dry
C．new
D．soft
33．A．By the way
B．Regardless of that
C．Needless to say
D．In either case
34．A．survived
B．resisted
C．escaped
D．recovered
35．A．smarter
B．stronger
C．happier
D．busier
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者去年通过网上查询信息得到去科罗拉多国家森林当志愿者
的机会，虽然期间作者经历了暴雨中帐篷漏水，为狮子上下山而搭建台阶的繁重工作等磨难，仍然感谢这
个经历让自己变得更坚强。
16．D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始在网上查询并且发现“美国志愿者”。A. calculate 计算；B.
negotiate 协商；C. advertise 登广告；D. research 研究。根据前文的“Last year I decided to do some volunteer
work.”可知，作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故选D 项。
17．D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagined
想象；B. introduced 介绍；C. enjoyed 喜欢；D. found 发现。根据前文的“I began to_1_on the Internet…”可
知，作者之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。故选D 项。
18．C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。A. annoyed 烦恼
的；B. surprised 惊讶的；C. scared 害怕的；D. excited 兴奋的。根据后面的“my worries had gone.”可知，我
一开始很担忧。故选C 项。
19．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，到达15 分钟里我的担忧就消失了。A. arriving 到达；B. sleeping
睡觉；C. thinking 思考；D. walking 行走。根据“feel at home”得知到达目的地不久，作者就不担心了。故
选A 项。
20．B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A.
confident 自信的；B. friendly 友好的；C. energetic 活力的；D. curious 好奇的。根据后文“and like-minded”
可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B 项。
21．D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A.
funny 搞笑的；B. good 好的；C. lucky 幸运的；D. easy 容易的。根据 “that like-minded”和“feel at home”
得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D 项。
22．B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头8 天的项目。A. tour 游览；B. project
项目；C. campaign 活动；D. course 课程。根据下文“for having taken part in the project”可知，这是在说当
志愿者的项目，原词复现。故选B 项。
23．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。A. drop 掉下；
B. make 制作；C. carry 携带；D. buy 购买。根据下文“with a heavy pack”可知，作者他们要背负着必需品
走。故选C 项。
24．C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可能看起来不远，但是在35 度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我的腿像是
着了火。A. nice 好的；B. safe 安全的；C. long 长的；D. quick 快的。根据前文“walk three miles”可知，作
者他们走的路程不远。故选C 项。
25．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。A. build 建造；B. test 测试；C. clean 清
洁；D. guard 保卫。根据下文“climbing up and down the side of a mountain.”可知，作者在狮子栖息地建一
个阶梯供狮子攀爬。故选A 项。
26．D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。A. helped 帮助；B.
ended 结束；C. allowed 允许；D. meant 意味。根据“climbing up and down”可知，台阶修好了意味着狮子
可以爬上爬下。故选D 项。
27．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。A. hunted 捕猎；B.
trained 训练；C. seen 看到；D. fed 喂养。根据前文“although I should say they were only heard”可知，作者
以前没有见过。故选C 项。
28．A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨
大的。A. satisfaction 满意；B. ambition 雄心；C. expectation 期待；D. intention 意图。根据上文的“a
beautiful stairway came into being”可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。故选A 项。
29．A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨
大的。A. work 工作，作品；B. memory 回忆；C. record 记录；D. story 故事。根据上文的“My job was
to”“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，修台阶是我的工作。故选A 项。
30．B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。A. left 离开；B. caught 捉住；C.
attacked 袭击；D. separated 分离。根据下文“I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent”可知，
作者他们被困在雷雨中。故选B 项。
31．D 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。A. boiling 煮沸的的；B. average 平均的；C. normal 正
常的；D. freezing 冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。故选D 项。
32．B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。A. tidy 干净的；B. dry
干的；C. new 新的；D. soft 软的。根据上文的“thunderstorm”和后文的“part of my tent”可知，帐篷里进了
水，作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。故选B 项。
33．C 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：不用说我受了很多苦。A. By the way 顺便问一下；B. Regardless of
that 尽管这样；C. Needless to say 不用说；D. In either case 在这两种情况下。根据前文给狮子栖息地建造台
阶和下雨天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。故选C 项。
34．A 考查动词辨析。句意：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。A. survived 生
存；B. resisted 反抗；C. escaped 逃离，抓牢；D. recovered 恢复。根据上文“But I know whatever I have to
face in my life I was there.”可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。故选A 项。
35．B 考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。A. smarter 更聪明的；B.
stronger 更强壮的；C. happier 更快乐的；D. busier 更忙碌的。根据前文“But I know whatever I have to face
in my life I was there.可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。故选B 项。
4.【2020 年新课标Ⅰ】 Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that
our sliding glass door is just a window. The 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, they’ll want to go
outside 43 . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 44 . But our insisting it’s 45
a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.
I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about
windows is a 48 .
I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 . I have a very strong 51
that the lie we’re telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 53
metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later
in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and 55 opening
the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, ＂What if it isn’t a door?＂ That is, ＂
What if it isn’t a 57 opportunity?＂
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just 59
repeatedly having to say, ＂No. We can’t go outside now.＂ Then when they come to other doors in life, be they
real or metaphorical, they won’t 60 to open them and walk through.
41. A. relief
B. target
C. reason
D. case
42. A. admit
B. believe
C. mean
D. realize
43. A. gradually
B. constantly
C. temporarily
D. casually
44. A. result
B. danger
C. method
D. truth
45. A. merely
B. slightly
C. hardly
D. partly
46. A. reviewing
B. approving
C. receiving
D. attempting
47. A. win out
B. give up
C. wake up
D. stand out
48. A. dream
B. lie
C. fantasy
D. fact
49. A. parents
B. twins
C. colleagues
D. teachers
50. A. restrictions
B. explanations
C. differences
D. consequences
51. A. demand
B. fear
C. desire
D. doubt
52. A. physical
B. biological
C. spiritual
D. behavioral
53. A. traditional
B. important
C. double
D. original
54. A. life
B. time
C. reply
D. history
55. A. by comparison with
B. in addition to
C. regardless of D. instead of
56. A. get hold of
B. stare at
C. knock on
D. make use of
57. A. real
B. typical
C. similar
D. limited
58. A. safety rule
B. comfort zone
C. bottom line
D. top secret
59. A. delay
B. regret
C. enjoy
D. accept
60. A. hurry
B. decide
C. hesitate
D. intend
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D
51. B 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. D 56. B 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. C
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教
育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各种
“进退两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。
41. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因是明显的。A. relief 安慰； B. target 目标；C. reason 原因；D. case 情
况。根据下文If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原因。
所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。
42. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. admit 承认；B.
believe 相信；C. mean 意味着；D. realize 意识到。下文they'll want to go outside_43.说他们就会经常想出去，
那必然是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选A。
43. B 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. gradually 逐步地；
B. constantly 不断地；C temporarily 临时地；D casually 随便地。根据下文I should just_59 repeatedly having
to say, "No. We can't go outside now. "可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。故选B。
44. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们显然知道这个真相。A. result 结果；B. danger 危险；C. method 方
法；D. truth 真相。下文But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open
the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试，和下文的I hate lying to the kids.可知孩子们是知道真
相的。故选D。
45. A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇
门的尝试。A. merely 只不过；B. slightly 轻微地；C. hardly 几乎不；D. partly 部分地。我在搪塞孩子们，所
以轻描淡写地说，它不过是一扇窗户而已。故选A。
46. D 考查动名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇
门的尝试。A. reviewing 回顾；B. approving 赞成；C. receiving 收到；D. attempting 尝试。根据millions of
requests to open the door 可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选D。
47. C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于
窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. win out 最后获得成功；B. give up 放弃；C. wake up 开始了解真相；D. stand
out 站出来。根据and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48.可知有一天，孩子
们会开始了解真相。故选C。
48. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于
窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. dream 梦想；B. lie 谎言；C. fantasy 幻想；D. fact 事实。根据I hate lying to
the kids.以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。
故选B。
49. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. parents 父母；B.
twins 双胞胎；C. colleagues 同事；D. teachers 老师。根据下文to our children，可知这里意思是作者想知道
父母是否应该说出真相。故选A。
50. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. restrictions 限制；B.
explanations 解释；C. differences 差异；D. consequences 结果。根据they'll want to go outside_43.可知一旦我
说出真相，孩子们就总想着打开门出去，这是一种说出真相的“后果”。故选D。
51. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤
害。A. demand 要求；B. fear 害怕；C. desire 欲望；D. doubt 怀疑。根据that the lie we're telling is doing 52
damage to our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。故选B。
52. C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的
伤害。A. physical 身体的；B biological 生物的；C. spiritual 心灵的；D. behavioral 行为的。下文说家长们的
撒谎行为会让孩子们面对机会时，犹豫不前。由此可知，这是对孩子们心灵上造成了伤害。故选C。
53. B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。A. traditional 传统的； B. important 重要
的；C. double 双重的；D. original 原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就
像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。
由此可知，窗户和门的比喻意义是非常重要的。故选B。
54. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们
不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. life 生活；B.
time 时间；C. reply 回答；D. history 历史。根据Then when
they come to other doors in life 可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故选A。
55. D 考查短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不
是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。 A. by comparison
with 与……相比；B. in addition to 除……之外；C. regardless of 不管；D. instead of 而不是。对孩子们撒谎，
今后，孩子们面对生活中的“门”时，会观望，而不是打开“门”。故选D。
56. B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们
不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. get hold of 抓住；
B. stare at 凝视；C. knock on 敲击（门、窗）；D. make use of 利用。孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，
而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知，孩子们在凝视着“机会”。故选B。
57. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样？A. real 真的；B.
typical 典型的；C. similar 相似的；D. limited 有限的。孩子们面对机会，犹豫不前，是在质疑机会的真实性。
故选A。
58. C 考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。A safety rule 安全守则；
B. comfort zone 舒适带; C. bottom line 底线；D. top secret 绝密的。根据I shouldn't lie to my kids.可知这是我
的底线。故选C。
59. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我应该只是接受重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”A. delay 推迟；
B. regret 后悔；C. enjoy 享受；D. accept 接受。当我告知孩子们真相时，我也不得不重复的说：“不，我们
现在不能去外面。”这是一个现实，我只能接受。故选D。
60. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当他们遇到生活中的其他“门”时，或真实或比喻，他们将毫不犹
豫的打开它们，然后走过去。A. hurry 匆忙；B. decide 决定；C. hesitate 犹豫；D. intend 打算。根据and
walk through.可知当告知孩子们真相时，孩子们将不再犹豫，大踏步向前走。故选C。
5.【2020 年新课标Ⅲ】 As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom
you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, 42 their handbag’s been
stolen. They’ll 43 that they left it in the changing room, create havoe (混乱) and then 44 it had
been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t
have left in a 46 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep
47 .
I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was 49 absolutely
everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular”. After a while, she 51
for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat
52 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对), she’d taken it out on 53 people.
That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Don’t take
it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her
child’s not 57 .” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get 58 . If you do, you won’t be
able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyone’s day.
41. A. shopkeepers
B. customers
C. salespersons
D. receptionists
42. A. saying
B. pretending
C. guessing
D. replying
43. A. agree
B. promise
C. imagine
D. swear
44. A. forget
B. decide
C. discover
D. assume
45. A. foods
B. catalogues
C. belongings
D. goods
46. A. particular
B. different
C. matching
D. natural
47. A. fighting
B. smiling
C. waiting
D. changing
48. A. generous
B. polite
C. careless
D. difficult
49. A. curious about
B. displeased with
C. patient with
D. uncertain about
50. A. relaxed
B. delighted
C. surprised
D. embarrassed
51. A. searched
B. argued
C. prayed
D. apologized
52. A. by chance
B. by herself
C. on purpose
D. on duty
53. A. rude
B. such
C. other
D. lonely
54. A. lesson
B. trick
C. skill
D. trade
55. A. work
B. shop
C. meet
D. quarrel
56. A. kindly
B. secretly
C. personally
D. casually
57. A. ready
B. away
C. up
D. well
58. A. out of sight
B. in the way
C. behind the scene
D. above the law
59. A. stress
B. expect
C. handle
D. blame
60. A. ruins
B. makes
C. starts
D. saves
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一位生意人，遇到过各种各样让人抓狂的顾客，而有一个难缠的顾
客，一开始对每件事都不满意，结果居然成了常客。最后顾客告诉作者，是因为自己和丈夫分居了，于是
把气撒到其他人身上，这让作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾，不然当事
情发展成不愉快的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人的一天。
41. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。A. shopkeepers 店主；
B. customers 顾客；C. salespersons 售货员； D. receptionist 接待员。根据上文I care deeply about my
customers 可知作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。故选B。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会冲进来，说手提包被偷了。A. saying 说；B. pretending 假装；C.
guessing 猜测；D. replying 回答。结合后文their handbag’s been stolen 可知此处是指说的内容应用say。故选
A。
43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在
他们的车里。A. agree 同意；B. promise 承诺；C. imagine 想象；D. swear 发誓。顾客冲进作者的店里，信
誓旦旦地说自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。故选D。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在
他们的车里。A. forget 忘记；B. decide 决定；C. discover 发现；D. assume 假设。结合后文it had been in
their car all the time 可知顾客一开始说包忘在了更衣室，结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的车里。故选C。
45. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。
A. foods 食物；B. catalogues 目录；C. belongings 所有物；D. goods 商品。结合后文in the shops 可知此处指
的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。
46. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。
A. particular 特别的；B. different 不同的；C. matching 相配的；D. natural 自然的。结合上文the only style
you don't have left in a 可知顾客试了店里一半的商品，结果想要的只是那种有特别颜色（particular）没有存
货的款式。其它选项带入不符合语境。故选A。
47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道店员会有多沮丧，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。A. fighting 打架；B.
smiling 微笑；C. waiting 等待；D. changing 改变。结合上文可知，一些顾客有一些很无厘头的要求和行为，
面对这种情况，虽然店员会很沮丧，“但是”一词边是转折，与“沮丧”一词情感色彩相反，结合选项，
B 项“微笑”符合句意。故选B。
48. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得我们在Covent Garden 遇到的第一个难缠的顾客。A. generous 慷
慨的；B. polite 礼貌的；C. careless 粗心的；D. difficult 难缠的，困难的。结合后文nothing was right 可知这
位顾客对一切都不满，很难缠。故选D。
49. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成
了“常客”。A. curious about 好奇；B. displeased with 对……不满意；C. patient with 对……有耐心；D.
uncertain about 对……不能肯定。结合后文nothing was right 可知这个顾客对一切都不满意。故选B。
50. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然
成了“常客”。A. relaxed 放松的；B. delighted 高兴的；C. surprised 惊讶的；D. embarrassed 尴尬的。结合
上下文可知这位顾客对每件事都不满意，但是居然成了“常客”，这让作者感到很惊讶才对。故选C。
51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A. searched 搜索；B. argued 争论；C.
prayed 祈祷；D. apologized 道歉。顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成了常客，她开始为自己
一开始的行为道歉。apologize for“为某事道歉”。故选D。
52. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难
以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. by chance 偶然；B. by herself 她独自地；C. on purpose 故意地；D. on
duty 值班。结合上文She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 可知女顾客和丈夫
分居了，因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。故选B。
53. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在
难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. rude 粗鲁的；B. such 这样的；C. other 其他的；D. lonely 寂寞的。结
合上文since she'd found it too much to cope with, she'd taken it out on 可知她难以应付这样压力，于是决定把
气撒在其他人身上。other people“其他人”。故选C。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. lesson 课
程，教训；B. trick 诡计；C. skill 技能；D. trade 贸易。结合后文作者的感悟，可知这件事让作者学到了宝
贵的一课。故选A。
55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. work 工作；
B. shop 购物；C. meet 会面；D. quarrel 争吵。结合后文in the market 可知是指在市场上工作的人。故选
A。
56. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：别太在意。A. kindly 亲切地；B. secretly 秘密地；C. personally 亲自地；D.
casually 随便地。结合后文作者指出不要让自我妨碍了你，要淡化这种情绪可知此处作者想说的是不要太
在意这些事。短语take it personally“在意，把这些放在心上”。故选C。
57. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：也许她的孩子不太好。A. ready 迅速地；B. away 离开；C. up 向上；D. well
好地。根据上文Maybe she’s had a row with her husband 可知此处列举的是顾客家中有不好的事情发生的情
况。故选D。
58. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。A. out of sight 看不见；B. in the
way 妨碍，挡道；C. behind the scene 幕后；D. above the law 凌驾于法律之上。上文作者提到不要太在意这
些顾客，要淡化这种不好的情绪，不要让自己的自我妨碍了自己。故选B。
59. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，
毁了每个人的一天。A. stress 强调；B. expect 期待；C. handle 处理；D. blame 责备。结合本段内容主要是
在说明如何处理粗鲁难缠的顾客的问题。故选C。
60. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，
毁了每个人的一天。A. ruins 毁灭；B. makes 制作；C. starts 开始；D. saves 拯救。结合上文the whole thing
develops into an unpleasant scene and that 可知一旦事情发展成不愉快的场面，那么最终只会毁了每一个人的
一天。故选A。
6.【2020 年江苏卷】Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success 36
fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives.
When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no 38
of knowing that his life was to change 39 . The class experiment that day was to 40 how heating a
container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. 41 , the container the teacher gave Wilson
to heat 42 held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container 43
, leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.
When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents 44 to find a way to deal with
the catastrophe that had 45 their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned
braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well
as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker.
Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from 48 for lack of proper treatment. For him,
it was one thing to 49 his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 50
it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the
51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 .
Wilson received several international 53 for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a 54
. He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens.
36. A. depends
B. holds
C. keeps
D. reflects
37. A. dilemmas
B. accidents
C. events
D. steps
38. A. way
B. hope
C. plan
D. measure
39. A. continually
B. gradually
C. gracefully
D. completely
40. A. direct
B. show
C. advocate
D. declare
41. A. Anyway
B. Moreover
C. Somehow
D. Thus
42. A. mistakenly
B. casually
C. amazingly
D. clumsily
43. A. erupted
B. exploded
C. emptied
D. exposed
44. A. deserved
B. attempted
C. cared
D. agreed
45. A. submitted to
B. catered for
C. impressed on
D. happened to
46. A. fantastic
B. extraordinary
C. impressive
D. catastrophic
47. A. accomplished
B. crucial
C. specific
D. innocent
48. A. deafness
B. depression
C. blindness
D. speechlessness
49. A. decide
B. abandon
C. control
D. accept
50. A. until
B. when
C. unless
D. before
51. A. opposition
B. adjustments
C. commitment
D. limitations
52. A. preventable
B. potential
C. spreadable
D. influential
53. A. scholarships
B. rewards
C. awards
D. bonuses
54. A. fortune
B. recipe
C. dream
D. vision
55. A. distinguishes
B. determines
C. claims
D. limits
【答案】36. A 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. B 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. D
46. D 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. B 51. C 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. B
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。因为一次意外，威尔逊失明了。但是，他并没有抱怨命运的不
公，而是努力地学习，接受教育。他通过自己的努力帮助很多人恢复了视力，获得了很多国际大奖。他的
例子告诉我们：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。
36. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A. depends
依靠；B. holds 握，持有；C. keeps 保持；D. reflects 反映。结合空后的介词on 可知，仅仅擅长某件事并有
激情是不够的。成功从根本上“取决于”我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。depend on：取决于。
故选A。
37. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A.
dilemmas 进退两难的处境；B. accidents 意外事故；C. events 事，事件；D. steps 脚步，步骤。结合文章最
后一句“He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens”
可知，我们对所发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。空处对应what happens(发生的事)。故选C。
38. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1931 年的一个雨天，当12 岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时，他根本
不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. way 方法，方式；B. hope 希望；C. plan 计划；D. measure 措施。John
Wilson“无法”预知将会发生的事情。故选A。
39. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：1931 年的一个雨天，当12 岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时，他根本
不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. continually 不断地；B. gradually 逐渐地；C. gracefully 优雅地；D.
completely 完全地。结合下文可知，一场意外导致他失明，这“完全”改变了他的生活。故选D。
40. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天的课堂实验是为了展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。
A. direct 指导，引导；B. show 展示；C. advocate 提倡，倡导；D. declare 宣布。那天的课堂实验的目的是
“展示”加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。故选B。
41. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A.
Anyway 无论如何，不管怎样；B. Moreover 而且；C. Somehow 不知怎么地；D. Thus 因此。不知怎么的，
老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。故选C。
42. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A.
mistakenly 错误地；B. casually 随意地；C. amazingly 令人惊奇地；D. clumsily 笨拙地。老师“误”在容器
里装了更容易挥发的东西而没有装水，结果导致了爆炸的发生。故选A。
43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，导致威尔逊失明。A. erupted 爆发，喷
出；B. exploded 爆炸；C. emptied 腾空，掏空；D. exposed 揭露，使暴露。因为容器内装的不是水，而是更
容易挥发的物质，所以，当威尔逊把它加热时，容器“爆炸”了，导致Wilson 失明。故选B。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生
在他们生活中的灾难。A. deserved 值得，应得，应受；B. attempted 视图，尝试；C. cared 关心，在乎； D.
agreed 同意。孩子失明了，身为父母，他们当然要“试图”找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。
故选B。
45. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生
在他们生活中的灾难。A. submitted to 提交，服从……；B. catered for 迎合；C. impressed on 给……留下印
象；D. happened to 发生。这场事故“发生”在了威尔逊一家人的生活中。故选D。
46. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是灾难性的。A. fantastic 极好的；B.
extraordinary 不同寻常的；C. impressive 给人深刻印象的；D. catastrophic 灾难性的，毁灭性的。根据上文
his parents 44 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives.以及结合生活常识，
失明对于任何一个人来说都是一场灾难。根据but 转折可知，威尔逊并没有将这场事故看作是“灾难性
的”。故选D。
47. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他不仅是一名出色的学生，而且成为了一名出色的演说家。A.
accomplished 才华高的，有成就的；B. crucial 至关重要的，关键性的；C. specific 特定的，具体的；D.
innocent 无辜的，天真的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文，并在伍斯特盲人学院继续接受教育。结合
该句中的not only…but also…可以推知，他不仅是个好学生，而且是个非常好的公共演说家。选项中只有
A 选项表达此意。故选A。
48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。A.
deafness 聋，听力不佳；B. depression 沮丧；C. blindness 瞎；D. speechlessness 哑口无言。结合后文中的
“And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52
”可知，很多人因为威尔逊的努力而复明。由此推知，在非洲，有很多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而“失明”。
故选C。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容易地解决
的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. decide 决定；B. abandon 抛弃；C. control 控制；D.
accept 接受。根据上文中的“But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned braille(盲
文)quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student
but also became a(n) 47 public speaker”可知，威尔逊失明之后，他没有抱怨命运的不公，反而努力进取，
由此推知，他“接受”了自己失明的事实。故选D。
50. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容易地解
决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. until 直到；B. when 在……情况下，当……时候；C.
unless 如果不；D. before 在……之前。在很容易解决那么多人失明的情况下，让他们继续失明下去完全是
另一回事。when 表示“在……情况下”。故选B。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人都可以
恢复视力了。A. opposition 反对；B. adjustments 调整，调节；C. commitment 奉献，投入；D. limitations 限
制。根据前文中的“This moved him to action”可知，威尔逊行动起来，努力地去预防那些可以预防的情况。
因为他的“奉献”，很多人恢复了视力。该空和53 空后的great contributions 呼应。故选C。
52. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人都能
够恢复视力了。A. preventable 可预防的，可阻止的；B. potential 潜在的，有潜力的；C. spreadable(黄油等)
容易被涂开的；D. influential 有影响力的。结合空前的prevent 可知，威尔逊努力地去预防“可以预防的”
情况。故选A。
53. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几个国际奖项。A. scholarships 奖学金；B.
rewards 奖励，回报；C. awards 奖，奖品；D. bonuses 红利，津贴。因为他的巨大贡献，威尔逊获得了几个
国际“大奖”。故选C。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他失明了，但找到了视野。A. fortune 运气，财富；B. recipe 食谱，秘诀；
C. dream 梦，梦想；D. vision 视野。根据前文叙述可知，虽然威尔逊失明了，但是他却通过努力，帮助了
很多人，为世界做出了巨大贡献。由此推知，他虽然看不见，但是他的“眼界”开阔，做到了很多人都做
不到的事情。故选D。
55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如何
看待发生的事情。A. distinguishes 区分，辨别；B. determines 决定；C. claims 宣称；D. limits 限制。结合第
一段中的“Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives”可知，成功
从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。即：并不是发生的事情“决定”我们的生活，
而是我们对发生的事情的看法“决定”了我们的生活。故选B。
