第04 讲 外研版2019 选修一~选修二词汇
目录
01 课标达标练
【题型一】易考单词变形
【题型二】核心单词拼写
【题型三】重点短语词组
02 核心突破练
【题型一】阅读词汇和短语
【题型二】完形词汇和短语
【题型三】语法填空词汇和短语
03 高考溯源练
01 课标达标练
题型一 易考单词变形
1． (compose) often write music in various ways to express their artistic ideas and emotions.
2．Innovation in teaching methods is (essence) to meet the diverse learning needs of students.
3．The ability to make the proper (adjust) made him successful.
4．You can put an (advertise) in the local paper to sell your car.
5．We would be (delight) if you could join us and share the joy.
6．His (gentle) made all his children live happily.
7．Running a marathon requires incredible physical and mental (endure) to push through the pain
and fatigue. (所给词的的适当形式填空)
8．However, it is important that we (should) not lose the (enthusiastic) to keep on trying.
9．Her (remark) achievement earned her a scholarship to the famous university.
10．Supported by the enthusiastic hosts, Allen won the silver medal out of (expect).
11．To our surprise, he is in (associate) with a murder case.
12．Like his father, basketball star Dell Curry, Stephen spent many childhood hours playing on this
(mud) basketball court.
13．If you take this (assign), take it seriously and read the instructions.
14．The doctor is in a (surgery) ward.
15．Not only can this event open student’s eyes , but also develop our (innovate) hand-on ability.
16．As is often the case, we can’t take some Chinese idioms (literal) because they have deeper
meanings.
17．Computer security systems will be designed by independent (technology).
18．When I thought of the brave young man, I became very (inspire).
19．This is not (surprise), because there are different sources of information, analysis methods and
positions.
20．Parents put the books on the bottom shelf so that they were (access) to their kids.
21．Mozi, whose (believe) were in some ways similar to those of Confucius, spent many years trying
to find a state where people would follow his teachings.
22．Long-lasting friendships share the (character) that both sides equally contact and share with one
another.
23．There is little doubt that things will improve in the not too (distance) future.
24．They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business (legend).
25．We’ll explore new methods of income (generate)．
26．If you have a (prefer) for something, you would like to have or do that thing rather than something
else.
27．The company is now hiring keyboard (operate) to input data into the system.
28．The (apply) has experience in teaching and, more relevantly, in industry.
29．The progress, albeit slow, was (stead) advancing towards the ultimate goal, much to the
satisfaction of the overseeing supervisor.
30．The nature of the contract terms, which allows for adjustments and compromises, was a key and
decisive point in the complex business deal. (negotiate)
31．Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive and he paid us back by his
(commit) to saving us from a slow but painful death.
32．There are certain products and services that are very (suit) for selling online.
33．She was over the age limit and, (consequent), her application was rejected.
34．Her daughter is not mature enough, so she doesn’t give (approve) to her daughter going out at night.
35．He called and called but no one came to his (assist).
36．When in low spirits, we may cry out for things giving us comfort and a sense of (secure).
37．That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short, he’s (rely).
38．In the highly competitive business world, companies must (constant) innovate and adapt to
the ever-changing market demands. Those that fail to do so will gradually lose their competitive edge and
eventually be left behind.
39．He took a short leave of absence to attend to (person) business.
40．Try to view situations (objective), especially, with regard to work.
41．He explained his (intend) to pursue a career in medicine to his supportive parents.
42．It seems incredible to me that the question of how to arrange books on (shelf) could cause a lively
online discussion.
43．You can feel an (emotion) connection between you and the musicians.
44．Vocational education generally prepares people to work in a specific (occupy) by teaching theory in the
classroom.
45．I’d also like to draw your attention to the (economy) benefits factories have brought to Norgate.
46．Being a (journal), Tom has always had a nose for good stories and does well in his work.
47．No one will put a figure on the final cost of this (reconstruct).
48．China is now taking measures to address climate change, aiming to promote a (harmony)
relationship between man and nature and advocate a moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle.
49．Cobby’s air travel decreased by 75% and she thought it was fairly (reward), a really positive
change.
50．She greeted everyone with an (infect) smile that instantly lifted the mood in the room.
51．It is said that several (special) will come to assess the project.
52．In 2024, she was selected by the BBC as one of the most (influence) figures of science in the 20th
century.
53．The government has established several natural reserves to safeguard the (endanger) wild
animals from poachers and habitat loss.
54．The scientists handled the (explode) materials with extreme caution during the experiment.
55．The (compare) of various study methods allowed students to identify the most affective strategies for
their learning styles.
56．You will have to work out (month) budgets, and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal.
57．Wouldn’t it be kind of (greed) to focus on money and fame rather than on something more
meaningful?
58．As far as I know, these effective measures can prevent illegal (consume) of these products.
59．As a matter of fact, what matters in our life is that we should keep (optimism) no matter what
happens.
60．Alice Brown was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students’ (react) was quick and
correct — they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks.
题型二 核心单词拼写
61．He is very tall and can be easily (看见；发现) in the crowd.
62．At the height of his (名声), his every word was valued.
63．The students were (热情的) about the upcoming science fair, spending weeks preparing their
innovative projects.
64．In response to your complaint, the shop said they would replace the television if it was still under
(保修).
65．When you (变锋利) a pencil, you make chips.
66． (代表) our school at the international event is an honor for me.
67．His paintings are (抽象的).
68．These (民间的) stories have been passed down from generation to generation in this small village.
69．Policemen can find the same or similar DNA to track down (嫌疑人) and victims.
70．These (原始的) artworks offer us a glimpse into the creativity of early civilizations.
71．Today, Guangzhou's restaurants stimulate customers’ appetite with over a thousand offerings, each
(精致的，精细的) and delicious than the last.
72．Every year, millions of visitors are attracted to this beautiful costal city to enjoy the natural (风景)
and delicious seafood.
73．On the whole, people miss the opportunity to enjoy (空闲，闲暇).
74．There are also many poems written from a child’s perspective, in which the poet Tagore shows (同
情) for children’s feelings.
75．It took him a lot of energy to move all the items of (家具) inside the house.
76．Our findings have far-reaching c (后果) for researchers. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
77．The automobile mechanic (评估) that repairing the vehicle would cost around $500.
78．We must only do things that are (合法) in society.
79．Before signing the contract, I asked the lawyer to have legal terms (阐明) to avoid
misunderstandings.
80．The art exhibition provided a (视觉的) feast for the visitors, with a wide range of paintings and
sculptures on display.
题型三 重点短语词组
81．在我看来，拥有健康的饮食习惯会对我们的健康有益。
, good healthy eating habits will our
health.
82．如你所见，我能在这里讲故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。
you can see, the reason I’m here to tell the story is that I
.
83．人们缺乏睡眠时往往容易感到疲倦。
People tired easily when they lack sleep.
84．史密斯太太发现很难清理残局，因为每当她想收拾时，她的孩子们总是碍手碍脚。
Mrs. Smith finds it hard the mess, as her children are always in the way whenever she
tries to.
85．乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从自己的失败中吸取教训。
Jordan says that the secret to his success is .
86．如果你真的想要和他们保持联系，将他们添加到你实际关注的微博列表中。
If you really want to them, add them to the Weibo list you actually
follow.
87． a position in a remote rural school is a great honor.
能在偏远的农村学校任职是一种荣幸。
88．正如我们所知道的那样，剪纸是一种传统的中国艺术。
, paper-cutting is a kind of traditional Chinese
art.
89． , I attach more great importance to self-reflection in life and work.
随着时间的推移，我更加重视在生活及工作中进行自我反思。
90．这部新剧由四个部分组成，每个部分都很精彩。
The new play , each of which is very fascinating.
91．他每天致力于努力学习，以实现成为一名医生的梦想
He himself studying hard everyday in order to achieve his dream of becoming a doctor.
92．We can’t always our parents for help.
我们不能总是依赖父母来帮忙。
93．They stay at home.
他们宁愿去钓鱼，也不愿待在家里。
94．很明显，这些不良的习惯对我们的健康有害。
It’s these bad to our health.
95．It is a waste of time .
试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。
96．不要认为父母原谅你是理所当然的事。
Don’t that your parents will excuse you.
97．欢迎大家来到这里。我代表学校向大家表示最真诚的欢迎。
We are very excited to have you here and my school, I extend our most sincere welcome
to you.
98．即使他们做爆米花的第一次尝试失败了，他们仍然没有灰心。
their first attempt to make popcorn ended in failure, they still didn’t lose heart.
99． is highly rewarding, but it can be dangerous.
在野外度过时光是非常有意义的，但也可能是危险的。
100．我的日常饮食包含水果，蔬菜，牛奶和米饭。
My routine diet fruit, vegetables, milk and rice.
02 核心突破练
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
A
（2025·浙江宁波·一模）In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant popularity as a
more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. However, concerns about their
actual environmental impact are growing. For instance, the production of EV batteries requires large amounts of
rare earth metals, the mining of which can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Additionally, the
electricity used to charge EVs often comes from power plants that burn fossil fuels, emitting substantial amounts of
greenhouse gases. Some studies suggest that in regions heavily dependent on coal for electricity generation, the
carbon footprint of EVs during their operation may not be much lower than that of conventional vehicles.
Nevertheless, these concerns might be overstated. In fact, EVs may have a much greater potential for
environmental benefits than many people realize. The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)
predicts that as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation increases, the environmental advantages of
EVs will become more pronounced. Currently, only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some
regions comes from renewable sources like solar and wind. But as the world transitions to cleaner energy, this
percentage is expected to rise significantly. Moreover, EVs contribute to reducing air pollution in urban areas. They
produce zero tailpipe emissions, which directly improves local air quality and reduces the health risks associated
with breathing polluted air.
Automakers and policymakers face the challenge of maximizing the environmental benefits of EVs while
minimizing their negative impacts. The ideal solution would be to rapidly increase the proportion of renewable
energy in the power grid and improve the efficiency of battery recycling. However, since achieving a fully
renewable power grid globally is still a long-term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more
practical.
The first measure is promoting battery recycling. Starting in 2027, some countries will require automakers to
take back used EV batteries and recycle at least 70% of the materials. This practice should be adopted more widely.
The second measure is optimizing the location of charging stations. By strategically placing charging stations near
renewable energy sources, the environmental impact of charging can be further reduced. Third, automakers must
invest more in research and development to improve battery technology, making it more energy-efficient and
reducing the need for rare earth metals. Strengthening these approaches would help transform EVs from potential
environmental concerns into powerful tools for environmental protection.
1．What is the main concern about electric vehicles?
A．Their high production costs.
B．Their limited driving range.
C．Their potential negative environmental impact.
D．Their competition with traditional gasoline- powered cars.
2．What can be inferred from the second paragraph?
A．The environmental benefits of EVs are already fully realized.
B．The environmental advantages of EVs depend on the source of electricity.
C．renewable energy currently accounts for most of the electricity used for EV charging.
D．EVs have no impact on reducing air pollution in urban areas.
3．Which solution is more practical to maximize the environmental benefits of EVs?
A．Achieving a fully renewable power grid globally immediately.
B．Banning the use of fossil-fuel-powered power plants.
C．Optimizing the location of charging stations near renewable energy sources.
D．Encouraging consumers to buy more gasoline-powered cars in the short term.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Electric Vehicles: A Sure-Fire Solution for the Environment
B．The High Cost of Electric Vehicle Batteries
C．Electric Vehicles: A Threat or a Hope for the Environment?
D．The Future of Traditional Gasoline-Powered Cars
B
（2025·重庆·模拟预测）The integration of AI tools in medical check-ups has reached a key stage. A major
study published in Nature Medicine (2025) shows that doctors using AI tools detected breast cancer in 6.7 cases
per 1,000 checks — a 17.6% improvement over old methods. Conducted across 12 German hospitals with 461,818
people, this research provides the strongest proof to date on AI’s real-world value.
Led by Prof. Alexander Katalinic, the study had a special design: doctors could choose when to use AI
during check-ups. In 260,079 AI-assisted checks, the tool not only found more cases but also made results more
exact. Lab tests following AI-aided checks confirmed cancerous cells in nearly two-thirds of cases (64.5%),
compared to 9.2% without AI—a seven times higher accuracy. “This beats our initial goal of proving AI is not
worse than humans,” said co-author Stefan Bunk, highlighting the success of human-AI teamwork.
However, the study found key problems. Doctors spent 47% less time on scans marked “normal” by AI (16
seconds vs.30 seconds), raising concerns about trusting AI too much. “Faster checks might miss underlying issues,”
warned expert Dr. Lena Müller. The study also found income-related differences: wealthier patients used AI tools
more often, possibly making healthcare gaps worse.
To address these issues, the team proposes a three-step approach. First, all AI-marked “normal” scans must
be double-checked by medical professionals. Second, governments should fund AI tools in public hospitals to
ensure equal access. Third, doctors are required to complete yearly training courses on AI’s technical limits and
bias detection.
As Prof. Ben Glocker notes, “This is about building a partnership — AI finds patterns,while doctors care for
the whole patient.” With breast cancer cases expected to rise 42% by 2040, such tools could redefine preventive
care.
1．What made the research special?
A．Doctors decided the timing of using AI.
B．It involved hospitals in different regions.
C．Doctors focused on breast cancer detection.
D．It compared AI performance across age groups.
2．What can we infer from Stefan Bunk’s words?
A．AI has no value in check-ups.
B．AI can replace human doctors.
C．AI is overestimated in application.
D．AI performs far better than expected.
3．What problem does the study mention about faster scanning with AI?
A．AI use could lead to too many false alarms.
B．Doctors may become too dependent on AI.
C．AI tools may not be as accurate as human doctors.
D．Rushing checks with AI could miss hidden problems.
4．What is the main purpose of the three-step approach?
A．To commercialize medical AI systems.
B．To partially replace human judgment.
C．To ensure responsible AI application.
D．To change the training method of AI.
C
（2025·湖南长沙·一模）After writing 50 books, Pakistani American kids’ book author Saadia Faruqi is
covering an issue she’s never explored before in her newest title, The Strongest Heart.
“This is the first time I’ve written a book that mainly talks about mental illness and the impacts it has on
family life, especially on kids,” says Faruqi. “It’s a topic that’s very close to my heart and the theme is personal to
me.”
Published in March, The Strongest Heart follows Mo, a Pakistani American eighth grader, as he struggles to
understand his Abbu — “father” in Urdu — who has a very serious mental illness. The book is based on Faruqi’s
own rocky relationship with her father, who she believes also had this condition.
Growing up in Karachi, Pakistan, Faruqi says she was afraid of her father’s episodes and often felt confused.
The adults never “sat me down and explained anything. Nobody said,’ Hey, don’ t be scared.’” She hopes The
Strongest Heart, intended for middle schoolers, can offer comfort and strength to young people who live with
someone with mental illness at home.
When asked about what she hoped readers would take away from this book, Faruqi said,“I think the title says
it all: The Strongest Heart. When things get really bad, somebody tellsMo, ‘The strongest heart is the one that’ s
still beating.’ I hope that readers take away a message of courage and resilience ( 坚持不懈). This book is for
anybody who faces hardships, who’s not in control of their own life, who’s scared or worried or anxious.”
So far, the book has earned four starred reviews. Kirkus Reviews writes: “The story is engaging, populated
with appealing, well-rounded main and supporting characters. The account of serious mental illness and the
complex emotions of a child whose parent suffers from it are realistic, eye-opening and moving.”
1．What makes The Strongest Heart different from Faruqi’s previous books?
A．It covers family issues in Pakistan.
B．It talks about her personal life in Urdu.
C．It describes her childhood life in Karachi.
D．It addresses mental illness’s family impact.
2．How might Mo feel about his father’s illness?
A．Puzzled and scared.
B．Angry and doubtful.
C．Worried and impatient.
D．Anxious and ashamed.
3．What does Faruqi hope readers learn from The Strongest Heart?
A．There is strength even in a struggle.
B．Parents must always appear strong.
C．Mental illness should be kept private.
D．People should take control of their own life.
4．What comment did The Strongest Heart receive?
A．Appreciation for its delicate structure.
B．Disapproval of its characterization.
C．Criticism for its complex account.
D．Praise for its emotional realism.
题型二 完形词汇和短语
A
（2025·甘肃甘南·模拟预测）I’m working on a project called AudioLink, a sign language translator that
uses data gloves and software to 1 gestures into spoken English and local languages.
This project is 2 important to me because as someone who’s hearing impaired ( 受损的), I
understand the 3 of communication firsthand. AudioLink has the 4 to empower deaf and mute
(哑的) individuals and improve their quality of life. AudioLink can break down communication 5 and
allow people to interact more confidently in everyday situations.
It all started in my school’s Thinking Lab. When I 6 my idea for a sign language translator, the
teachers there were super 7 . They helped me with everything from the 8 concept to finding the
resources I needed.
One big milestone was getting the data gloves to work properly. It took a lot of trial and error to 9
how to connect the hand movements to 10 signs. We addressed this challenge by working with experts.
It’s 11 to see the particular signs have been connected correctly.
Looking ahead, I dream of a world where AudioLink is a widely available 12 that breaks down
communication difficulties for everyone. Imagine a world where anyone can easily communicate with someone
using sign language! That’s what keeps me 13 . It’s also important to remember that AudioLink is about
more than just 14 . It’s about empowering the deaf and mute community and giving them a 15 .
1．A．separate
B．devote
C．inspire
D．transform
2．A．accidentally
B．incredibly
C．temporarily
D．timely
3．A．solution
B．competition
C．frustration
D．contribution
4．A．appeal
B．potential
C．sustainability
D．philosophy
5．A．responses
B．standards
C．opportunities
D．barriers
6．A．mentioned
B．imagined
C．involved
D．monitored
7．A．generous
B．realistic
C．objective
D．supportive
8．A．initial
B．adaptable
C．ambitious
D．innovative
9．A．figure out
B．take over
C．refer to
D．carry out
10．A．rare
B．specific
C．identical
D．limited
11．A．satisfying
B．confusing
C．alarming
D．horrifying
12．A．language
B．goal
C．tool
D．preference
13．A．deserved
B．motivated
C．ashamed
D．astonished
14．A．wisdom
B．network
C．promotion
D．technology
15．A．concept
B．dream
C．voice
D．platform
B
（2025·海南儋州·三模）In December 2017 my dad passed away for heart failure. Next year my sister and
brother got married and established their own family. I became 1 alone. Although my family was 2
years later, still I felt loneliness. I was 3 because I had never felt like this.
One day I 4 an article expressing if we think a lot about loneliness we fall into depression. I
decided to study again. Within 2 days I took 5 in the college and my life’s best journey started. From that
day till today I have been studying whatever course I 6 . Sometimes I would think about what I was
doing. I was becoming a jack of all trades and 7 of none. But still I was flowing with the 8 .
Months and years passed by quickly, and I changed a lot. Now my 9 is teaching spoken English in
a college. But with that I 10 a problem solver. I started sharing my 11 with people and friends.
Now I am still learning new things and trying to help more people.
I have 12 lots of rewards in my work and in my life as well. I feel 13 of myself and
very grateful for this loneliness. Now, I never feel worried about loneliness and even want to be 14 .
Loneliness never comes alone. It brings self 15 , power, a sense of independence, and improved focus. By
spending time with our own self we improve our relationships as well.
1．A．unexpectedly
B．unconsciously
C．totally
D．eagerly
2．A．extended
B．decorated
C．challenged
D．matched
3．A．relieved
B．blank
C．shocked
D．blind
4．A．took off
B．brought down
C．got through
D．came across
5．A．suggestion
B．imagination
C．admission
D．ambition
6．A．choose
B．admire
C．postpone
D．consider
7．A．director
B．master
C．conductor
D．instructor
8．A．pace
B．time
C．flow
D．motion
9．A．happiness
B．entertainment
C．promotion
D．profession
10．A．became
B．remained
C．appreciated
D．inspired
11．A．sorrow
B．knowledge
C．treasure
D．secret
12．A．ignored
B．abandoned
C．obtained
D．missed
13．A．ashamed
B．aware
C．critical
D．proud
14．A．alone
B．strong
C．selfless
D．attractive
15．A．occupation
B．growth
C．position
D．courage
题型三 语法填空词汇和短语
A
（2025·湖南长沙·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Chinese robotics company, Unitree, based in Hangzhou, has announced the world’s first boxing match
1 two child-sized humanoid robots. The event will see two G1robots face each other for the title of the “Iron
Fist King”, 2 people can see live streamed next month.
A promotional video shows the 1.32-meter-tall Unitree G1 robot sparring with a human opponent. While
3 (strike) repeatedly, it skillfully evades most blows, demonstrating excellent responsiveness. Unitree
highlights that the robot uses a motion-capture system allowing it to perform at 4 advanced level and
continuously improve its abilities. The video also displays the robot punching, kicking, and recovering from strong
blows, though its movements are 5 (noticeable) slower than a human’s. This boxing match closely
follows April’s groundbreaking humanoid robot half marathon in Beijing, an event that marked the first large-scale
6 (participate) of 21 robots in completing a full 21km course.
Unitree is among six Chinese robotics firms 7 (plan) to mass-produce AI-integrated humanoid
robots this year. China is already the 8 (large) industrial robot market globally, accounting for more than
half of all robot installations worldwide. Last year, the country’s industrial robot market 9 (value) at over
$6 billion, according to Fortune Business Insights. Industry forecasts from Global Data suggest the robotics sector
could reach $200 billion by 2030, with humanoid robots playing a 10 (consider) role.
B
（2025·甘肃天水·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Back in 1 late 1700s, long before people understood the reason behind immunity, farmers and
doctors in rural areas of Britain noticed that dairymaids (挤奶女工) and other people who got a mild disease called
cowpox (牛痘) seldom caught its fearsome cousin, smallpox (天花). Was there a connection? Some decided there
was and inserted (嵌入的) material from the cowpox into an incision they cut on the arm of healthy people, thus
somehow 2 (protect) them from smallpox. In 1798, a doctor named Edward Jenner published the results
of his experiments using this procedure, earning 3 (he) fame as the “Father of Immunology”.
Scientists later figured out that cowpox somehow protected one from smallpox. When people caught
cowpox, their bodies made special cells 4 (call) antibodies. They fought the disease. That’s not all. They
stayed in the blood 5 case the disease ever returned. Because cowpox and smallpox are fairly similar, if a
person was later exposed to the more serious disease, antibodies were ready 6 (fight) it too.
That knowledge helped scientists develop vaccines. The term vaccination originated from Latin. They
contain the viruses, weakened, dead or modified (改良的). Injected into the blood, they trick the immune system
into making antibodies. 7 the body ever meets with those same 8 (virus), even at full strength,
the antibodies make short work of them.
Vaccination prior to 9 (expose) to the virus is ideal. But a vaccination given within three days of
exposure will 10 (complete) prevent or significantly modify smallpox in the majority of people and given
within the first four to seven days will likely offer some protection or soften the disease.
C
（2025·吉林·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s rapid advancement in smart technologies has caught global attention, with many sharing their
experiences online. A notable example is the Hutchinsons, a British family with nearly 200,000 followers, who,
after their first drone (无人机) delivery in Shenzhen, 1 (remark), “China is already in 2030!” Their post
became the most popular, reaching 2 impressive 7.8 million views.
Technological innovations, such as robot food delivery 3 hotel rooms, have also gained
widespread attention. Travel blogger Allison Paige shared her experience, highlighting how
4
(convenience) and enjoyable this service was. Her video contributed to the viral label “China Hotel”, 5
has since drawn the interest of international viewers.
This growing trend is part of China’s initiative to build smart cities, 6 (integrate) intelligent
vehicles, smart roads, and real-time cloud technologies. These advancements are making it possible for tourists 7
(enjoy) cutting-edge services. For instance, 8 (passenger) at Beijing Daxing International Airport
recently had the opportunity to ride in driverless robotaxis. Though these taxis 9 (monitor) by safety
drivers for security, it marks a significant step in the development of self-driving technology in China.
China’s push for smart city development is backed by a national guideline, aiming for substantial progress by
2027. By then, China plans to have established smart cities that are more livable, adaptable, and 10
(digital) advanced.
03 高考溯源练
A
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）The greening of planes, trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放).
As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts
for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018
for different modes of transport.
The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to
be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some
of the solutions to get us going green.
PLANES — Synthetic hydrocarbons
The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation. One long-
term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make
hydrocarbons from recycled air.
CARS — Batteries
Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can
plug into existing systems and services. New solid-
state batteries will take a car farther on a single
charge.
TRAINS — Electricity
Some trains are already electrified through
TRUCKS —
Hydrogen
SHIPS — Liquid ammonia
Liquid ammonia is easy to keep and
rails or wires; others can be made electric in
pretty simple ways.
fuel cells
Hydrogen fuel cells
are a lighter choice
than batteries for
trucks, but making
green hydrogen is
expensive.
transport, but it is hard to ignite (点燃)
and requires an engine redesign.
This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little
bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s
estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that
renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says
Wipke.
1．What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018?
A．11.6%.
B．45.1%.
C．74.5%.
D．86.1%.
2．Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily?
A．Planes.
B．Trucks.
C．Trains.
D．Ships.
3．What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition?
A．Limiting fuel consumption.
B．Putting more effort into renewables.
C．Improving energy efficiency.
D．Making electricity more affordable.
B
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth —
they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds
and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics
in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental
Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then
filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.
In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in
plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by
just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three
common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously
found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming
increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more
microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised
concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated
how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an
environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New
Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?
A．By quoting an expert.
B．By defining a concept.
C．By giving examples.
D．By providing statistics.
2．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water?
A．The hardness of water.
B．The length of cooling time.
C．The frequency of filtering.
D．The type of plastic in water.
3．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?
A．The importance of plastic recycling.
B．The severity of the microplastic problem.
C．The danger in overusing pure water.
D．The difficulty in treating polluted water.
4．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about?
A．Choice of new research methods.
B．Possible direction for further study.
C．Need to involve more researchers.
D．Potential application of the findings.
C
（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family
Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both
the little ones and adults? 1 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but
there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
●You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community
causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 2
●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
3 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and
maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health
and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
● 4
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades
and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-
being in the years to come.
●You’ll have more time with family.
Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 5
Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks
for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work.
A．Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B．Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C．Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D．Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E．For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F．You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G．Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
D
（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）假定你是校英文报编辑李华，外教Chris 上个月答应写一篇介绍加拿大体育运
动的文章。请给 Chris 写一封邮件，内容包括：
(1)询问进展；
(2)提醒交稿时间。
注意：
(1)写作词数应为80 个左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
Best wishes,
Li Hua
