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第15 讲Unit 7 语法篇
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一般现在时的被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态
一、·英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。
如： We clean the classroom. 我们打扫教室。 ·主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。
如：The classroom is cleaned (by us). 教室被（我们）打扫。
二、被动语态的构成：助动词be +及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）
· 其中by 意为“被„„；由„„”，表动作的执行者。
如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。
·be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一
样。
如：English is widely spoken around the world. （肯定式）
English is not widely spoken around the world. （否定式）
Is English widely spoken around the world? （疑问式） Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
三、被动语态的用法：
· 在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。
如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。
·要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。
如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。
四、主、被动语态的转换：
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主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它）
被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语（+其它） 注意：
1. 主动、被动互转时，时态不变，但有人称和数的变化。
· 主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态by 的宾语时，要用宾格形式。 ·主动句的宾语
是代词的宾格形式，变成被动时，要转换为主格。
如： (1) People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) in the south.
(2) She takes care of the baby. The baby is taken care of (by her).
2. 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词 +（by+宾语）
如：The work can be done. 这项工作很容易做。
Other planets may be visited in the future. 将来其他的星球也会有人登陆。
3. 主动句中的宾语补足语如果是不带to 的不定式，在变被动句时，要加上to .使役动词
make/ have/ let sb do sth 及感官动词see/ hear/ feel/ notice sb to do sth 如：they heard a girl sing in the n
ext room (by them).
→ a girl was heard to sing in the next room (by them).
被动语态的结构：
肯定句：主语+ am / is / are + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他
eg .English is studied (by us ) every day.
否定句：：主语+ am / is / are + not + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他
eg. English is not studied (by us ) every day.
疑问句：Is English not studied (by us ) every day.?
特殊疑问句：What/Where/When+ am / is / are +主语+动词的过去分词+ 其他?
1. Every year millions of trees ________ to prevent flood, droughts and sandstorms.
A. plant
B. are planted
C. are planting D. were planted
2. The beautiful kite was made ________ Uncle Wang.
A. in
B. by
C. at D. to
3.—Don’t you see the sign “No Parking!” on the right?
—Sorry, I didn’t. But now I know parking______ here.
A. wasn’t allowed B. isn’t allowed
C. won’t allow
D. doesn’t allow
4.The children ___________by the nurse.
A were looked
B.look after
C.are looked after D looked after
5.---_______the Internet _________in your school?
---- Yes,but the computer in our office has broken down.
A Is, used B Is ,using
C Has, used
D. Does, use
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解析：
1.B 由时间状语every year 可知用一般现在时态；主语trees 是动作plant“种植”的承受者，因此用
被动语态。
2. B by 用于被动语态，表示动作的执行者里得到一份不好的成绩单，我不惊讶。分析选项可知B
项符合题意。
3.B 考查一般现在时的被动语态，选B
4.C look after 照顾，照料。孩子们被照料，用被动语态。选C
5.A 以为因特网被使用，用被动语态，be used. 选A
基础演练
I 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.The students_________often_______(ask)to obey the rules.
2.I’m very __________(please)to hear the news.
3.One of my _____________(neighbor)is from North China.
4.Are you ___________(surprise)to see your old friend on the street?
5.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is _________(think)to be one of the greatest American stories.
6.The stories in the newspaper ______________(write)by a famous writer.
II.单选选择
1. Experts ________ to make suggestions to help him develop.
A. will invite
B. are invited
C. have invited
2. Han Han’s books are popular. They ________ by many teenagers.
A. are reading
B. are read
C. were read
3. —At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.
—More chances _______ to students to learn from each other.
A. offer
B. are offered
C. have offered
4.________many children like sugar,I think they had better try not to eat it too often.[来源:学科网]
A Because
B When
C Although D If
5.English _________in Canada.
A speaks
B are spoken
C is speaking
D is spoken
答案：
I.are asked pleased neighbors surprised thought are written
II.BBBCD
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巩固提高
I.单项选择
1.The Olympic Games _________every four years.
A .hold B. is held C. are holding
D. are held
2.The skirt is made of silk. It __________so soft. I like it.
A. washes B. is washed C. is felt
D. feels
3.--How often _________your school sports meeting _________?
---Once a year.
A. does,hold B. was hold
C. is held
D. did hold
4.Mark Twain __________a great writer.
A is known as B .is known for C. is known
D. known
5.Confucius’ works are still __________by many people today.
A. read B. reading C. reads
D. to read[来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,
6.Middle school students _________not to smoke.
A is always told B.always tell C.are always told D.always told
II.句型转换
1. His brother died three years ago. (改为同义句)
His brother has ________ ________ for three years.
2. Does the boy usually sweep the floor in the morning? (改为被动语态)
Is the floor usually ________ ________ the boy in the morning?
3. He is a clever and lively boy. (对画线部分提问)
What ________ the boy ________?
4. Tony is afraid of being alone at home. (改为同义句)
Tony is afraid ________ ________ alone at home.
5. Lucy doesn’t go to school by bus any longer. (改为否定句)
Lucy __________ __________ __________to school by bus.
答案：
I.BDCBAC
II. been dead, swept by, is like, to be, doesn’t go to
I.单项选择
1.This bridge ________three years ago. Now it’s a nice view in the town.
A build
B built
C is built
D was built
2.--Is there a sports meeting in your school?
--Yes. It _________in November every year.
A holds
B held
C will be held
D is held
3.--There is a smile on Miss Gao’s face. She must be ________with Sam’s work.[来源:学科网ZXXK]
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---I think so. No one did as _________as him in our class.
A angry,well
B pleasing , good
C strict, good
D pleased, well.
4.The boy _________because his father want to beat him.[来源:Zxxk.Com]
A ran away
B took away
C gave away
D put away
5.A happy family is _______to be important for the growth of children.
A think
B thought
C thinking
D thinks
II.完形填空
As we all know, Charles Dickens is considered to be a great English writer. He’s very famous not
only in Britain, but also in many other
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in the world. He was born in 1812 and he lived in London.
He wrote lots of books, and he also liked 2 . He was an actor. Maybe it’s interesting to hear that and
that’s
3
his books were so good. He gave public readings of his stories that were very popular. His
stories first appeared in a magazine, in parts. People always wanted
4 part. He wrote a lot, and most
of them are popular. There are films and plays of them
5
:Oliver Twist became a famous musical play,
and Great Expectations was a wonderful
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. Dickens’ early life was very hard. His family was
poor, and his mother sent him out to work in a factory when he was 12. He
7 it，but he used his
experiences in his writing. He married Catherine Hogarth and they had a big family. He continued to write
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he died. When he died in 1870, he was
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a story. But what a pity! We’ll never know
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it
ended.
1. A. cities
B. countries
C. towns
D.villages
2. A. reading
B. writing
C. acting
D. playing
3. A. what
B. how
C. when
D. why
4. A. the next
B. next
C. next to
D. next time
5. A. too
B. as well
C. as well as
D. also
6. A. book
B. story
C. play
D. film
7. A. hated
B. enjoyed
C. wanted
D. shamed
8. A. as
B. while
C. until
D. since
9. A. drawing
B. singing
C. writing
D. Making
10. A. what
B. how
C. who
D. which
答案：
I.DDDAB
II.BCDAB DACCB
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Ⅰ. 词汇
A) 根据语境及首字母提示补全所缺单词。
1. The presenter is w________ to the local people. Almost everyone knows her.
2. My next-door n________ are very noisy. I can’t sleep well sometimes.
3. The workers took a________ immediately to stop the fire.
4. The Internet has become part of e________ life.
5. I become w________ after ten years in the business.
B) 根据语境从方框中选出恰当的短语填空，每个短语限用一次。
join in, get into trouble, run away, take away, by the way
6. ________ 2 from 4 and you get 2.
7. You mustn’t tell others, or we’ll ________.
8. We’re going to play football. Do you want to ________?
9. ________, have you seen John lately?
10. When he tried to ________, the policeman ran up and caught him.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. The woman had a car accident and she managed to escape ________ the burning car.
（2015-2016 甘肃期中考试）
A. with B. to
C. from D. at
2. This medicine will last ________, but after six months you’ll need to change it.
（2015-2016 甘肃期中考试）
A. for a time B. in time
C. at that time D. from time to time
3. The man was born in 1895. We can also say he was born in the ________ century.
（2015-2016 甘肃期中考试）
A. eighteen B. eighteenth
C. nineteen D. nineteenth
4. The writer is very famous ________ he has written lots of great books.
（2015-2016 甘肃期中考试）
A. so
B. if
C. but D. and
5. This book is great. I’m going to write a ________ of it and then put it on the Internet.
（2015-2016 甘肃期中考试）
A. dialogue
B. review
C. reason D. rule
6. He cut down all the plants in his garden except some flowers ________.
A. alive B. asleep
C. lively
D. sleepy
7. We are all ________ to see Paul at the party. We haven’t heard from him for three years.
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A. surprising
B. surprised
C. boring
D. bored
8. I don’t want to ________ this problem with Jim on the phone.
A. provide B. satisfy C. discuss D. show
9. I ________ the prices of the eggs will go up again. Do you think so?
A. hope B. decide C. remember D. suppose
10. His books are very popular and have ________ lots of people.
A. influenced
B. hug
C. hurt D. fed
11. Why don’t you ________ to the party and enjoy yourself?
A. come
B. to come
C. coming D. came
12. The old man ________ for over two days.
A. be dead B. died
C. has been dead D. dies
13. —How often ________ the Whites ________ by their children?
—Once a month, because their children live a bit far from them.
A. do; visit B. are; visiting C. have; visited D. are; visited
14. The plants ________ on the farms in many areas.
A. grows
B. grow
C. is grown D. are grown
15. —________ You look worried.
—I can’t find my new dress. It is a present from my mum.
A. That’s a shame. B. What’s up? C. That’s no good! D. What can I do for you?
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Sun Li was not happy at school last month. It was not because 1 didn’t like school. It was because
of her 2 .
Sun studies in Anhui. Her school has a 3 rule about hair: no changing your hair colour, no curly
hair; boys should have a crew cut (平头), 4 girls’ hair can’t hang past t heir ears.
Sun and the other girls in her class don’t like the hairstyle. They 5 it “mushroom head (蘑菇头)”.
Sun’s story is not the 6 one. In many other schools, there is also a hairstyle rule. Last week in a
school in Beijing, some students were 7 to cut their long hair.
Mr Xu is the headmaster (男校长) of the school. In his school, girls can’t have hair past their
shoulders. He says the hair rule is there for a good 8 . “Everybody needs to have a look that matches his
or her job,” says Mr Xu. “Those hairstyles are for adults (成年人). Students are 9 from adults.”
The strict hair rule is not only made for students. Teachers also have to 10
it. “While students can’t
change their hair colour, neither can their teachers,” says Mr Xu.
1. A. I B. she C. he D. they
2. A. marks B. age C. hair D. clothes
3. A. strict B. lucky
C. personal D. natural
4. A. or B. so C. and D. if
5. A. pronounce B. call C. guess D. forget
6. A. same B. old
C. only D. clear
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7. A. allowed B. helped C. stopped D. asked
8. A. history B. future C. promise D. reason
9. A. different B. safe
C. bright D. wise
10. A. introduce B. follow
C. complete D. improve
IⅤ. 阅读理解
A
We’d love to say there are no rules here — but for everyone’s safety and fun, we do have just a few ...
FIRST, THE DON’TS
• Adults, DON’T leave your kids at home. No adults are allowed in the museum without kids.
• Kids, DON’T leave your parents at home. No one under 18 is allowed without an adult.
• Adults, DON’T think that older kids can visit the museum alone. Kids, no matter how old, should
be watched at all times. In fact, your kids will enjoy spending time with you!
• DON’T bring food or drinks into the exhibit (展览) areas. Enjoy your snacks at our Tiny Bites
Cafe, or outside in the park.
• DON’T smoke (吸烟) while at the museum.
• DON’T run around or shout at the museum.
• And last, DON’T be surprised if we ask you to please be nice, walk slowly and play gently (文雅地).
We are here to keep you safe and make sure everyone has a good time.
AND NOW, THE DO’S
• DO touch, explore (探索) and play!
• DO ask lots of questions!
• DO talk to our staff! We wear green shirts and love talking to visitors!
• DO give us your feedback (反馈意见) — good, bad or whatever! That is how we learn!
RULES FOR GROUPS
• One adult is needed for every 10 kids.
• Adults must stay with kids at all times while at the museum.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1. We can learn from the material that ________.
A. adults can visit the museum alone
B. older kids can visit the museum alone
C. visitors are asked to wear green clothes
D. visitors can’t have snacks at the exhibit areas
2. Visitors are allowed to ________ at the museum.
A. smoke B. run around C. speak loudly D. touch the exhibits
3. Visitors are encouraged to do the following EXCEPT to ________.
A. buy gifts B. ask questions C. give feedback D. talk to the staff
4. For a group of 30 child visitors, at least ________ adult(s) is (are) needed.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5
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5. The material is mainly about ________.
A. rules of a museum
B. how to have fun at a museum
C. how to keep kids safe at a museum
D. things we can learn from visiting museums
B
Bill: My favourite book is The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch (女巫) and the
Wardrobe (衣橱) by C. S. Lewis. It’s about four children who find a magical (神奇的) land inside
a wardrobe. A witch makes the land winter forever. The children help save the magical land from
the witch with the help of Aslan, a great talking lion. The children become leaders. But then they
come back to our world ... until their next journey in Narnia.
Eric: I like reading The Magic School Bus written by Joanna Cole best. The magic school bus
can go everywhere, even inside the human body. I like Arnold, a boy in Ms Frizzle’s class. He’s
really funny and he’s always afraid.
Grace: One of my all-time favourite books is Ugly by Donna Jo Napoli. It’s the story of an ugly
young duck. It’s a little sad, but after you finish reading it, you’ll want to read it again and again.
The way Donna Jo Napoli writes is special, and you can really get inside the characters’ heads. It
sounds like music when it’s being read to you.
Sally: My favourite book is Bloomability by Sharon Creech. It’s about a girl whose parents are
always on the move. Then she is suddenly taken to Switzerland by her aunt and uncle, away from
her family. Interested? Then read this book!
Jane: My favourite book is Nancy Drew Mystery (疑案) Stories: The Whispering Statue (低语
的雕塑) by Carolyn Keene. I have read it about four times! It is about a girl who loves solving
mysteries, and she finds a statue that whispers. Well, I’m not going to tell you the story. I’ll let you
read it for yourself.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1. In Bill’s favourite book, four children fight against ________.
A. a lion B. a witch
C. a wardrobe D. a duck
2. After finishing reading Ugly, readers may feel ________.
A. afraid
B. sad
C. excited
D. nervous
3. Sally’s favourite book is written by ________.
A. C. S. Lewis
B. Joanna Cole
C. Donna Jo Napoli
D. Sharon Creech
4. Tina is interested in special journeys, so she may like to read ________.
A. Ugly
B. Bloomability
C. The Magic School Bus
D. Nancy Drew Mystery Stories: The Whispering Statue
5. Bloomability and Nancy Drew Mystery Stories: The Whispering Statue both tell a story about
________.
A. a girl B. a magical land
C. a young duck D. a school
C
Dolphins have always made people interested. (1) ____________ Sailors (who work on a ship) believe
that dolphins swimming next to their ships means good luck on the long journey.
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Dolphins are not fish; in fact, they eat fish. They are sea mammals (哺乳动物). When fish swim, they
move their tails from side to side. (2) ____________ Fish breathe (呼吸) in water, but dolphins have to rise
to the water surface (表面) sometimes to take a breath.
Dolphins use sounds to find things. They send out sounds, and the sounds hit an object and return
back to the dolphins. They use the sounds to tell the object’s location. (3) ____________
If you go to a zoo, you may see bottle-nosed dolphins. They look like they are always smiling. (4)
____________ They can even be trained to “walk” on the water using their strong tails.
Dolphins seem to be interested in humans. There have been lots of reports of dolphins saving
swimmers. In 2007, a man was attacked (袭击) by a shark (鲨鱼). (5) ____________
根据材料内容，将A—E 五个句子填入材料空白处，使材料完整、通顺。
A. When dolphins swim, they move their tails up and down.
B. Then some dolphins swam around the man, keeping the shark away so he could reach the land.
C. The ancient Greeks put pictures of them on coins and walls.
D. They are so clever that they can learn how to do tricks, such as throwing balls through
baskets.
E. They also use these sounds to communicate with one another.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
V. 完成句子
根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空词数不限。
1. 她被认为是最优秀的学生之一。
_______________________ one of the most excellent students.
2. 你将会为你的错误付出代价。
You will _______________________ your mistakes.
3. 那样做不合情理。
Doing that doesn’t _______________________.
4. 我更愿意把李老师描述为一位朋友，而非老师。
I’d describe Mr Li _______________________.
5. 你认为那本书怎么样？
_______________________ that book?
VI. 书面表达
根据表格中的内容提示,以My favourite book 为题写一篇80 词左右的英语短文。
书名
丁丁历险记(The Adventures of Tintin)
人物
丁丁
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人物
介绍
丁丁是一名记者(reporter)，有一只小狗朋友，在旅游采访过程中经历了种种
奇遇。作为一名记者，丁丁从不记录人们告诉他的东西，相反，他总是自己
去调查。他不惧怕任何
人和任何势力，因此他成为了和平与正义(justice)的象征，受到世界人民的
宠爱。
My favourite book
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案
I. 1. well-known 2. neighbours 3. action 4. everyday
5. wise 6. Take away 7. get into trouble 8. join in 9. By the way
10. run away
II. CADDB ABCDA ACDDB
III. BCACB CDDAB
IV. DDACA BBDCA CAEDB
V. 56. She is thought to be 57. pay for 58. make sense
59. more as a friend than a teacher 60. What do you think of
VI. 61. wished 62. closed 63. with 64. eyes 65. them 66. buildings 67. But 68. stores 69. saw 70.
asked
Ⅷ. One possible version:
My favourite book
My favourite book is The Adventures of Tintin. The hero of the story is Tintin. He is a brave reporter.
He has a good friend, a little dog. During their travels, they experience many adventures. As a reporter,
Tintin doesn’t write down what people told him, but tries to find out the truth himself. He isn’t afraid of
anybody or anything. So he becomes the symbol of peace and justice and he is loved by people all over the
world.
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