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Unit 2 语法篇
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熟练掌握本章重点语法知识。
一、由that,if 和whether 引导的宾语从句
1.由陈述句充当宾语从句时，这个宾语从句由that 引导，在口语中that 可以省略。 I hear(that)
she’s going to give you a call. 注意：（1）宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 I belie
ve that she has left the city.
(2)如果主句是一般过去时，从句则只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成
时）。 I said that it was time we were setting out.
(3)如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、自然现象或公式、定理、谚语、名人名言等，则用一般现
在时。 He said that light travels faster than sound.
2.由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，该从句由if/whether 引导，且从句要用陈述句语序。 He a
sked if/whether they needed any help. 温馨提示：
if 和whether 引导的宾语从句时，一般情况下可以互换，但要注意下列情况： (1)宾语从句
至句首时用whether。Whether it is true or not,I can’t say. (2)介词后用whether .It de
pends on whether you can do the work well. (3)与不定式连用whether。He can’t de
cide whether to accept or refuse. (4)当与or not 连用时用whether。
二．what 和how 引导的感叹句
1.感叹句句型结构
（1）what 引导的感叹句的中心词时名词。该名词前常有形容词修饰，句中的主语和谓语一般可省
去。句型结构为：what(+a/an)+形容词+名词（主语+谓语）！
What a cold day(it is) today! What delicious food(it is)!
What 引导感叹句中的名词若为单数可数名词，要用不定冠词a/an，而不用the；若为复数或不可数
名词，则不用冠词。
（2）how 引导的感叹句的中心词时形容词或副词。其句型结构为：how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！
或how+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！
How cold it is today! How happy the children are!
2.陈述句改为感叹句常使用“一断二加三换位”的方法： (1)“一断”，即在谓语动词后边断开，
把句子分成两部分
She is~a beautiful girl. He works ~hard.
(2)“二加”，即如果第二部分的第一个词为形容词、副词，就加上how；如果是名词（词组），就
加上what。 She is~（what）a beautiful girl. He works ~(how) hard.
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(3)“三换位”，即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置，同时把句号换为感叹句。 What a bea
utiful girl she is! How hard he works!
易错易混全解
bring,carry,fetch 与take
(1)bring 表示“拿来，带来”，指从别处把某物带来。它表示单程，与take 的方向相反。This little
girl brought me here.
(2)carry 表示“携带，搬运”，有“负担”的含义，它指从一地到另一地的运动，但不说明动作的
方向。 The box is too heavy for me to carry.
(3)fetch 表示“去取来，去请来”，指到别处去把某物取来，或把某人接来。它表示往返，指双
程。 He rushed home to fetch his raincoat. Run and fetch the doctor, please .
(4)take 表示“拿走，带走”，指把某物从说话者所在地拿走，或把人带走。它指单程，与bring 的
方向相反。
Take the letter to the post office.
I want to take some books to the classroom. Could you help me, please
1. The cat ______ on the kitchen floor when I came in.
A. was lying
B. was laying
C. lied
D. lay
2. — Can you spare time to come to our Thanksgiving party?
— Well, I don’t know ____
A. that I can finish my work by then
B. if can I finish the work by then
C. whether I can finish the work by then
D. that can I finish the work by then
3. ______ fine weather it is today!
A. What a
B. How a C. What
D. How
4. I’ve decided to go to London next weekend. I was wondering ______ you could go with me.
A. if
B. when
C. that
D. Where
5. Mother told me sound ______ slower than light.
A. traveled
B. travel
C. travels
D. traveling
解析：
1. A 由句意“当我进来时，猫正卧在厨房的地板上”可知，此处应用过去进行时，lie（躺）的现
在分词为lying，故选A。
2. C 由句意“你能抽时间参见感恩节聚会吗？ 我不太确定那是我能不能完成我的工作。且宾语
从句中从句为陈述句语序，故选C。
3. C weather 为不可数名词，故用what 引导感叹句且不用冠词a。
4. A 句意：我已经决定下周末去伦敦。我想知道你是否能和我一起去。故选A。
5. C 句意：妈妈告诉我声音传播得比光慢。宾语从句所述内容为客观真理时，其时态要用一般现
在时，故选C。
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基础演练
从方框中选择合适的词完成句子，注意词形的变化
1. Kate ate five meals a day during the summer vacation. She has __________ 8 pounds.
2. I am going to __________ myself to a new pair of shoes.
3. Santa Claus __________ love and joy everywhere he goes.
4. If he doesn't make a change, he will __________ in prison.
5. She __________ the baby down gently on the bed last night.
6. Clothes were __________ all over the floor.
7. We've found out he'd been __________ from us for years.
8. Common gifts for Father's Day are shirts and __________.
答案：
1.put on 2. treat 3. spreads 4. end up 5. laid 6. lying 7. stealing 8. Ties
巩固提高
一．将下列句子改为感叹句，每空一词。
1. The weather is fine.
________ ________ ________ it is!
2. The stories are very boring.
________ ________ the stories are!
3. The building is so tall.
________ ________ tall building it is!
4. Tom is running very fast.
________ ________ Tom is running!
5. The boy is very lazy.
________ ________ the boy is
