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Unit 7 语法篇
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学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。
形容词、副词用法
1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。
原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
2、规则变化:
(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er, est 构成比较级和最高级。
(a)直接加er, est ：
(b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er, est：
(c) 以辅音字母+y 结尾的,先把y 改为i 再加上er, est：
(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.
3、不规则变化:
原级
比较级
最高级
good 好的
better 更好的
best 最好的
well 好；( 身体) 好
的,
bad,badly 糟糕的,糟
糕地
worse 更糟糕的,更糟糕
地；(身体)更不舒服的
worst 最糟糕的,最糟糕
地；(身体)最不舒服的
ill(身体)不舒服的
many 许多的(可数)
more 更多的；更
most 最多的；最
much 许多的( 不可
数)；非常
little 少的
less 更少的
least 最少的
far 远的；远地
farther 更远的；更远地
farthest 最远的；最远地
further 进一步的(地)
furthest 最深刻的(地)
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(一)原级的用法
1、只能修饰原级的词 very, quite, pretty, really, too, so, enough
如：①I am pretty ____________(healthy).
② English is so _______________(difficult).
2、感叹句中用原级。如 What an _______________(interesting) book!
3、as+形容词/副词原级+as（与…一样）
4、not as/so +形容词/副词原级+as（A 不如B…）
如：①He is as tall as me.=He is the same _________ as me. 他与我一样高。
②He is as old as me.= He is the same ___________ as me. 他与我一样大。
③He isn't as/so old as me . 他没我大。
5、 less+形容词/副词的原级+ than (A 不如B…) 可以与 not as/so +形容词/副词原级+as 互换。
①He isn't as old as I.= He is __________ ____________than me.
=He is __________ than me. =I'm ____________ than he /him.
②He doesn't run as fast as I.= He runs ____________ __________ than me.
= He runs ______ ______ than me. = I run _________ than him. 他跑得没我快。
③Chinese isn't as difficult as English. =English is _______ _______ than Chinese.
语文没有英语难。
（二）比较级的用法
1、than 两者（人/物）进行比较时用比较级，表示“一个比另一个更…”或“较…”。句式
为：
A+ 谓语动词+比较级+than+B。如果上下文明确，比较级也可单独使用。
① He is ____________(tall) than his father . 他比他父亲高。
② This shirt is too small. Do you have a ___(big) one?
这件衬衣太小了。你有大一些的吗？
2、or 句式：特殊疑问句，A or B？
如：Who is ___________(young), Lucy or Lily? 露西和莉莉，谁更小一些？
3、修饰比较级的词：
a lot, much, far …得多 a little, a bit…一点儿 even 甚至 still 仍然
如：①I'm a little ____________(tall) than him. 我比他高一点。
②That must be a lot _________________(interesting) than taking a bus.
4、of the two 比较级前要加the
用the + 比较级+ of the two (the twins/parents) 特指两者中较（高/矮……）的一个。
①Tina is ____________(tall) of the twins.
②Mike is ____________(smart) of the two boys.
5、比较级+and+比较级 表示“越来越…”
单音节词： better and better 越来越好 多音节词： more and more beautiful
① He is getting ___________ and ___________(tall).他变得越来越高了。
② The film is ___________ and _____________(interesting).这部电影越来越有趣了。
6、 the +比较级，the+ 比较级 表示“越…，越…”
如 The more, the better.越多越好。
The ______________(careful)you are, the _______________(few) mistakes you make.
7、any (范围外)/ any other(范围内)
①Shanghai is bigger than ________ city in China.上海比中国的任何一个城市都要大。
②Shanghai is bigger than ______ city in Japanese.上海比日本的任何一个城市都要大。
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8、两者相比比较的对象要一致。
He has longer hair than I (do).= His hair is longer than mine.
There are more students in our class than in their class.
①My watch is _____________(expensive)than ___________(you).我的手表比你的贵。
②I have __________(few) story books than ____________(you).我的故事书比你的少。
9、not …any more=no more 不再(次数的不再重复)
not …any longer=no longer 不再（时间的不再延长）
（三）最高级的用法
1. of /in 三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级，形容词的最高级前面要加the，后面
用of/in. of + 同类人/物 in+ 表地点的范围，副词的最高级前面可用the，也可省略。
Tom is the tallest (boy) in his class. 汤姆是他班上最高的男生。
Tom is the tallest (boy) of all the boys (in his class).
2. or which/who 引导的选择疑问句有三者相比，也可用最高级。
①Which is ________(big),the sun, the earth or the moon?太阳、地球、月亮，哪个最大？
②Who is_________________(tall), Tom, Mike or John?
3. one of the longest rivers 最长的河流之一
句式：one of +the + 形容词的最高级+名词复数，表示“……中最……之一”
如：Xi'an is one of the oldest cities in China. 西安是中国最古老的城市之一。
4. the second longest river 第二长的河
句式： the + 序数词+ 形容词的最高级+名词，表示“第几……的”
如：The Yellow River is the second ______________(long) river in China.
5. 当形容词的最高级前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或指示代词时，不用定冠词the.
如：This is my best book of all.这是我所有书中最好的一本。
（四）级别的转换
1. 原级与比较级的转换
① This room is five times as big as that one.
=This room is four times bigger than that one.
② English isn't so easy as math. = English is _________ ___________ than math.
=English is ___________ than math.=English is __________ __________ than math.
=Math is ___________ than English.
2.比较级与最高级的转换
句式：①比较级+than+any other +单数名词
比较级+than+the other +复数名词
比较级+than+the others
②Nobody else +比较级+ than
Peter is the tallest student in our class.
=Peter is taller than ________ ________ _________ in our class.
=Peter is taller than ________ ________ _________ in our class.
=Peter is taller than ________ ________ in our class.
=____________ ____________ is taller than Peter in our class.
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一、下列哪些形容词和副词的最高级需要在前面加most, 请圈出。
long
wide
fat
heavy
slowly
beautiful
brightly
useful
quickly
happy
解析：
形容词：beautiful， useful （多音节和部分双音节的形容词，可不是在末尾变化，而是在前面加
most）
副词：slowly，quickly，brightly（以ly 结尾的副词，可不是在末尾变化，而是在前面加most）
二、用形容词和副词的比较级和最高级填空。
1. Which is __________ (big), the sun, the moon or the earth?
2. Which is ___________ (beautiful), the black coat or the blue one?
3. This cake is____________ (cheap) of all.
4. He does his homework ___________(carefully) than his sister.
5. Tom runs ______________ (quickly) in his class
6. Now his life is becoming _____________ and ____________ (difficult).
7. Things are getting __________ and ____________ (bad).
1. 此题为太阳，月亮和地球三者的比较，所以为最高级biggest。
2. 此题为黑色上衣和蓝色上衣两者的比较，所以为比较级more beautiful。
3. 此题比较范围为of all, 所以为最高级the cheapest。
4. 此题有than，为两者之间的比较，所以为比较级more carefully。
5. 此题比较的范围为than，所以为副词的比较级more quickly。
6. 此题为越来越困难，所以为形容词的比较级 more and more difficult。
7. 此题为越来越糟糕，所以为形容词的比较级worse and worse。
基础演练
一、单项选择
1. China has a much
population than
.
A.
larger; Russia
B.
more; Russia
C.
larger; that of Russia
D.
more; that of Russia
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2. --- Is English more important than Maths?
--- No, I don't think so. English is
Maths.
A.
much important than
B.
more important as
C.
as important as
D.
as more important as
3. --- I eat
vegetables and
meat than I did last year.
--- That's why you're getting fatter.
A.
fewer; more
B.
more; less
C.
least; more
D.
many; much
4. When autumn comes, the days get
.
A.
long and long
B.
longer and longer
C.
short and short
D.
shorter and shorter
5. Mr. Li asks us to remember that
careful we are,
mistakes we
will make.
A.
the more; the fewer
B.
the fewer; the more
C.
the more; the more
D.
the less; the fewer
6. Of all the animals, I think dogs are
.
A.
the most friendly
B.
most friendly
C.
more friendly
D.
friendly
7. My sister is
than I.
A.
three kilos heavier
B.
three kilos heavy
C.
heavier three kilos
D.
heavy three kilos
8. The bridge is
. It will take ten minutes to
it.
A.
118 metres' long; go past
B.
118 metres long; go across
C.
118-metre-long; across
D.
118 metres' long; go through
9. Our school is
than theirs but theirs is much more beautiful than ours.
A.
three times big
B.
the third times bigger
C.
the third times big
D.
three times bigger
10. --- All of us are proud of the progress he's made during the past few years.
--- Yes, we're sure he will be even
.
A.
successful
B.
more successful
C.
most successful
D.
successfully
答案
一、单项选择
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. D
10. B
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巩固提高
二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)
11. 这只大象比这只熊猫重很多倍。
This elephant weighs
than this panda.
12. 足球是我校最受欢迎的运动项目之一。
Football is
games in our school.
13. 我的房子是他的房子的三倍大。
My house is
big
his.
14. 但是谁能弹钢琴弹得最好或唱歌唱得最美呢？
But who can play the piano
or sing
beautifully?
15. 我认为数学比英语难得多。
I think math is
than English.
16. Tom is taller than Jim. (改为同义句)
Jim is
than Tom.
17. Susan is five years old and Linda is five years old, too. (改为同义句)
Susan is
Linda.
18. Mike is the tallest boy in the class. (改为同义句)
No boy is
Mike in the class.
19. Shanghai is the biggest city in China. (改为同义句)
Shanghai is bigger than
city in China.
20. Jane is the youngest in her class. (改为同义句)
Jane is younger than
in her class.
二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)
11. many times more
12. one of the most popular
13. three times as; as
14. the best, the most
15. much more difficult
16. less tall
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17. as old as
18. as tall as
19. any other
20. anyone else
一、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)
1. My brother is two years
(old) than me.
2. Is your sister
(young) than you?
3. Whose pencil box is
(big), yours or hers?
4. Ben jumps
(high) than some of the boys in his class.
5. Does Nancy sing
(well) than Helen?
二、单项选择
6. Today he is
than yesterday.
A.
very better
B.
a little better
C.
well
D.
best
7. The white horse is so
.
A.
strong
B.
stronger
C.
a little stronger
D.
strongest
8. Cathy did quite
in the English test. I did even
.
A.
better; well
B.
well; well
C.
well; better
D.
better; better
9. Of the two Australian students, Mary is
one. I think you can find her easily.
A.
tallest
B.
the taller
C.
taller
D.
the tallest
10. The
the better. I'm short of money.
A.
cheap
B.
cheaper
C.
expensive
D.
more expensive
11. He feels
today than yesterday.
A.
more tired
B.
tired
C.
more tireder
D.
much tired
12. Of the two toys, the child chose
.
A.
the more expensive one
B.
one most expensive
C.
a least expensive
D.
the most expensive of them
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13. The line is
than that one.
A.
more longer
B.
not long
C.
much longer
D.
many more longer
14. Shanghai is bigger than
city in Japan.
A.
any
B.
any other
C.
other
D.
the other
15. — Who did it better, Bill or Henry?
— I think Bill did just
Henry.
A.
as well as
B.
as good as
C.
as better as
D.
more badly than
三、完形填空
The elephants are the largest animals on the land. They are in 16
now. Lots of
people are destroying(破坏) the place where they 17
. Most of the places where they
live have become farms and houses, they can't get enough places to live in 18
enough
food to eat. Sometimes there are 19
elephants in an area and the government kills
them. The elephants have long tusks (长牙). Their tusks are worth(值) a lot of money. People are killing
them 20
tusks. People can use the tusks for piano keys and 21
beautiful things. So there are 22
elephants in the world.
People in Canada can make a difference. They can go to the place where elephants live and stop
people from killing the elephants. When people find out the products(产品) made from elephant's tusks
they might stop 23
the products. Then people might stop killing elephants.
It's our duty 24
the elephants. We have to really stop killing elephants, too. There
are 25
than 3,000 African elephants and 2,000 Asian elephants in the world.
16.
A.
danger
B.
excitement
C.
safe
D.
interest
17.
A.
eat
B.
live
C.
rest
D.
birth
18.
A.
but
B.
so
C.
in
D.
and
19.
A.
too much
B.
a little
C.
too many
D.
much more
20.
A.
with
B.
for
C.
to
D.
at
21.
A.
other
B.
others
C.
the other
D.
another
22.
A.
less and less
B.
more and more
C.
fewer and fewer
D.
little and little
23.
A.
making
B.
taking
C.
giving
D.
buying
24.
A.
to keep
B.
to teach
C.
to use
D.
to protect
25.
A.
more
B.
less
C.
fewer
D.
much
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答案
一、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)
1. older
2. younger
3. bigger
4. higher
5. better
二、单项选择
6. B
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. B
11. A
12. A
13. C
14. A
15. A
三、完形填空
16. A
17. B
18. D
19. C
20. B
21. A
22. C
23. D
24. D
25. C
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阅读理解(东城区南片初二下期末考试题)
A
Tom has received four messages today. Read and find what they are.
Hi Tom,
I've just finished a really fantastic book by
British writer called Phillip Puliman. I think you
would like the book. Do you want to borrow it? I'll
be at Room 314 tomorrow afternoon.
Marcos
Tom,
Can you phone your mum? She phoned at
7:30 p.m. She says you needn't call back at once,
but she'd like to hear from you. Don't phone after
10 p.m. She's got headache, so she's going to bed
early.
Hans
Hello Tom,
I am home again after my holiday. The weather
wasn't great in France, but that wasn't the problem. I
broke my leg on the second day of the holiday. I had
to stay at the hotel while others were out all day. I
was really bored. When can you come round and
see me?
Tom,
I'm going to be late. Don't wait for me at the
bar. I'll go straight to the restaurant and see you
there.
Jess
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David
1. Marcos leaves the message to
.
A.
share a book with Tom
B.
get Tom's phone call soon
C.
tell Tom his story in France
D.
ask Tom to look after his mum
2. Where is Jess going to meet Tom?
A.
At the bar.
B.
At the restaurant.
C.
At his home.
D.
At Room 314.
3. Who wants to see Tom soon?
A.
Marcos.
B.
His mother.
C.
David.
D.
Hans.
B
Michael's birthday was coming soon, so he asked his dad for a bicycle so that he would not need to
walk to school anymore. However, Michael's dad had lost his job and did not have much money. Michael
got a book instead.
One bright and sunny day while Michael was walking past a store on his way to school, he saw a big
boy on a bike. The bike was too small for the boy. As the boy was turning around a corner, the bike
skidded(侧滑) on a small pool of water and he fell off the bike.
The boy was also in Michael's school. The boy's name was William. William seemed to have broken
his leg. Michael picked up William's bike and rode to the nearby hospital to get help. A few minutes later,
an ambulance came and brought William to the hospital. Michael rode William's bike to school so he
would not be late for class.
After school, Michael quickly rode the bicycle to William's house with a book and a magazine.
William was not too seriously hurt. He went home after his leg was put in a cast(石膏).
To Michael's surprise, William was getting a new bike on his birthday in two months' time and
Michael could have William's old bike. Michael was very happy. From then on, Michael and William
became good friends. Michael visited William every day till William's leg got well again.
4. What did Michael get on his birthday?
A.
A bike.
B.
A magazine.
C.
A book.
D.
A friend.
5. Which of the following is true?
A.
William hit Michael on his way to school.
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B.
William gave his old bicycle to Michael.
C.
Michael broke his leg in the accident.
D.
Michael was late for school.
6. From the story, we know that Michael is
.
A.
brave
B.
active
C.
hard-working
D.
warm-hearted
C
Monkeys That Lend a Hand
Have you ever dropped something while both your hands were full and wished you had another hand
to pick it up? Some people cannot use their arms or hands to do simple jobs because they have been hurt or
are sick. Usually they depend on other people to help them. This problem made two women think about
how they could help people who cannot do everyday things for themselves.
In 1979 Dr. M. J. Willard and Judi Zazula began looking at some small, friendly monkeys called
capuchin monkeys. These monkeys have hands like people's hands, and they like to be around people.
Could the monkeys be trained to do things that people could not do for themselves? The women wanted to
find out if their idea would work. So they spent a long time training some capuchin monkeys, and they
found that these animals made great helpers.
Today the first step in training a young capuchin monkey is to have it stay home with people and
watch how they live. The monkeys learn how to behave around people. Then the monkeys go to a special
school in Boston. There they learn how to do many easy chores. They are taught how to carry food and
pick up dropped objects. They learn how to open doors and turn light switches on and off. They even learn
how to use CD players and VCRs.
After a monkey finishes its training, it goes to live with a person who needs help. If the person wants a
light turned on, the monkey does it. If the person needs a glass of water, the monkey brings it. If the person
wants to watch TV, the monkey turns it on. The monkey becomes a very important part of that person's life.
In fact, the monkey often becomes the person's good friend.
7. Capuchin monkeys are people's great helpers because
.
A.
they learn more quickly than other monkeys
B.
they have hands like people's hands
C.
they like to watch how people live
D.
they are small, cute and naughty
8. The underlined word "behave" means to
.
A.
learn skills
B.
act well
C.
avoid hurts
D.
provide help
9. What is the passage mainly about?
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A.
How capuchin monkeys can help people do things.
B.
Why capuchin monkeys' hands are like people's hands.
C.
Where scientists train capuchin monkeys to help people.
D.
When people found capuchin monkeys were helpful.
D
Hershey chocolate has become famous around the world. But did you know that the Hershey
chocolate factory is only about one hundred years old? And did you know that the
founder(创办人) of Hershey Chocolate, Milton Hershey, had many failures(失败) in business before he
started his famous company?
Milton Hershey grew up in a farm country of Pennsylvania. Before he started making chocolate,
Milton Hershey was a printer. He worked for a small newspaper and then he decided to change a job.
Later he got a job at a candy factory. After working a few years at the factory, he decided to open his
own little candy business. His first business had to close down because it was not making money. After
that, he traveled to Denver, Colorado, to learn how to make caramels(焦糖).
He took his new skills back to New York and worked selling candies on the street. But this second
business also failed.
Finally, Milton Hershey moved back to the farm country where he grew up. He then experimented(试
验) with all sorts of different candies and chocolates. The area where he lived had lots of dairy farms, so he
could get plenty of fresh milk easily.
And he could get other supplies(原料), such as sugar, from nearby Philadelphia. By 1893 he was
selling a million dollars worth of caramel candy every year. Since his chocolate-flavored(巧克力风味)
caramel was the best-selling, he decided to make chocolate himself.
By experimenting, Milton Hershey learned how to make delicious chocolate by using fresh, sweet
milk. His milk chocolates were so popular that he sold his caramel factory and made chocolate only. In
1903, Milton Hershey built a huge chocolate factory and the town of Hershey.
Today, the town of Hershey is still the home of the factory that Milton Hershey built. And if you ever
visit, you can smell the delicious chocolate smells just by driving through the town.
10. Why did Milton Hershey travel to Denver, Colorado?
A.
To work as a printer.
B.
To open a caramel factory.
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C.
To sell candy on the street.
D.
To learn how to make caramels.
11. Which of the following is true according to the story?
A.
Milton's first job was selling newspaper.
B.
In 1893, chocolate was the best-selling of Milton's factory.
C.
Milton found his own way to make delicious chocolate.
D.
Milton sold his caramel factory because it was not making money.
12. What is the important lesson of this story?
A.
Living where you grew up offers successful business.
B.
Trying several different jobs helps find out your interest.
C.
Building your own company is the fastest way to succeed.
D.
Sometimes you have to experience failure to become successful.
ABCCB DBBAD CD
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