1
Unit 2 语法篇
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学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。
（二）动词不定式:
肯定式: to do 否定式: not to do 省略to 的: do
句法作用
例 句
作宾语
She wanted to borrow my radio.
作状语
She went to see her grandma last Sunday.
作宾语补足语
Lucy asked him to turn off the radio.
She asked me to speak more loudly
The father made his son study hard.
作定语
I had something to eat this morning.
作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
1、不定式作宾语
口诀：决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事
迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事
decide to do sth.
决定做某事
want ∕ would like to do sth.
想做某事
plan to do sth.
计划做某
need to do sth.
需要做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
can’t wait to do
迫不及待地要做某事
decide to
下决心做
2
used to do
过去常常做某事
2、不定式作宾语补足语的动词：
ask sb. to do sth.
请求某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth.
告诉某人做某事
order sb. to do
命令某人做某事。
want sb. to do sth.
想要某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth.
邀请某人做某事
expect sb. to do sth.
期待某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth.
鼓励某人做某事
advise sb. to do sth.
建议某人做某事
省略to 的情况:
使役动词：let, make, have
感官动词：feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice
3、动词不定式做主语
动词不定式作主语用的动词不定式常常为it 替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如：
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
It took us three days to do the work.
4、动词不定式和疑问词连用
动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如：
I don’t know where to go.
He showed me how to use a computer.
What to do is a big problem.
一、请找出下列动词中以动词不定式为宾语的动词并圈出来。
enjoy
decide
plan
spend
finish
want
practice
agree
keep
need
解析：不定式作宾语口诀：决定想做计划需要同意，
迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事
答案：decide plan want agree need
二、请写出下列动词的合适的非谓语形式填空。
1. Let me ________(help) you water the flowers.
2. I saw him _______(go) into the small store.
3. My mother often asks me _____ (do) some cleaning on Sundays
4. It is kind of you ___ (help) me to carry these books.
5. I want _________________(travel) around the world after graduation.
解析：
3
1. help
使役动词的省to 不定式 let sb. do
2. go
感官动词的省to 不定式 see sb. do
3. to do
动词不定式做宾补 ask sb. to do
4. to help
动词不定式做主语 it’s adj to do
5. to travel 动词不定式做宾语 want to do
基础演练
一、单项选择
1. --- Some children can't afford
dictionaries.
--- Let's donate our pocket money to them.
A.
buy
B.
buying
C.
to buy
D.
be bought
2. Students should do everything they can
their study.
A.
improve
B.
to improve
C.
improving
D.
improved
3. The teacher asked Ben
a difficult question in class.
A.
answer
B.
to answer
C.
answering
D.
answer
4. I often watch Danny
baseball on the playground.
A.
playing
B.
plays
C.
played
D.
play
5. There is no desks in the lab. Our headmaster told us
our desks.
A.
to take
B.
not take
C.
to not take
D.
take
6. --- Do you know why he left so early?
----
for the English test, I guess.
A.
To study
B.
Study
C.
Studied
D.
Studying
7. The woman feels that she should let her son
his own decision this time.
A.
makes
B.
make
C.
to make
D.
making
8. The children decide
their school yard this Friday afternoon.
A.
clean
B.
to clean
C.
cleaning
D.
cleaned
9. --- Excuse me. Could you please tell me the way to the railway station?
--- Oh, sorry, I don't know. You
go and ask that policeman.
A.
could
B.
must
C.
would
D.
need
10. --- You
write him a letter to say you are sorry for it.
--- I don't like writing letters. I'll apologize
the phone.
A.
could; on
B.
should; in
C.
can; over
D.
must; through
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巩固提高
二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)
11. 我需要你帮我学英语。
I need you
my English.
12. 我不知道哪里买这本杂志。
I don't know
this magazine.
13. 我请妈妈给我买了一个书包。
I asked my mother
a schoolbag
.
14. 这个女孩可以看望医院里生病的孩子，来使他们振奋起来。
The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital
.
15. 为了学习英语，刘女士于1988 年去了英国。
English, Ms. Liu went to England in 1988.
答案
一、单项选择
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. B
9. A
10. A
二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)
11. to help me with
12. where to buy
13. to buy; for me
14. to cheer them up
15. To learn
一、单选
1. Miss Diana
lots of money to the children in poor areas.
5
A.
hung out
B.
gave away
C.
put off
D.
took out
2. Their house is similar
ours, but ours has a bigger garden.
A.
with
B.
to
C.
for
D.
at
3. Look! Here is a notice
for teaching jobs.
A.
ask
B.
to ask
C.
asking
D.
asks
4. It's hard to
living in a place where there are no telephones or cars.
A.
know
B.
realize
C.
imagine
D.
think
5. I'll have to ask my parents for some more money because I've
.
A.
used up it
B.
used it up
C.
run it out
D.
run out it
6. Tom
his father, because they are both cheerful and easygoing.
A.
looks like
B.
takes after
C.
doesn't take after
D.
isn't like
7. Tom fell down and got hurt, so we sent him to the hospital
.
A.
at once
B.
just a moment
C.
for once
D.
for a moment
8. My father helped me
when I lost my job.
A.
out
B.
up
C.
away
D.
down
9. The plans they made
well. I'm sure they'll succeed soon.
A.
come out
B.
work out
C.
go out
D.
put out
10. My watch doesn't work. Can you help me
.
A.
fix it up
B.
fix up it
C.
take it up
D.
take up it
11. We haven't decided
on vacation.
A.
where to go
B.
to go where
C.
where going
D.
to do what
BBCCB BAABA A
二、完形填空（西城13-14 年初二期末考试）
Once upon a time there was a little boy who became very ill. He had to spend all day in bed, unable to
move. Because other children weren't allowed to come near him, he felt 12
and blue.
There wasn't much he could do except look out of the window. Time passed, and his feeling of
hopelessness just 13
, until one day he saw something strange in the window. It was a
bird eating a sausage sandwich. The bird came in, said "good afternoon" to the boy, turned around, and left.
Of course, the boy was very surprised. He was still trying to 14
what had
happened, when outside his window he saw a monkey blowing up a balloon. After a while, as more and
more crazy-looking characters 15
outside the window, he laughed happily.
6
After all, everyone couldn't help 16
when seeing a pig playing the guitar or a dog
wearing a pair of glasses and singing. The little boy didn't tell anyone about this, 17
who would have believed him? Even so, those strange characters ended up putting joy back in his
18
, and in his body. Before long, his health had improved so much that he was able to go back to
school again.
There he got to talk to his friends, and told them all the 19
things he had seen.
While talking, he saw something sticking(伸出) out of his best friend's school bag. The boy asked him
what it was, and finally his friend had to 20
him what was in the bag.
There, inside, were all the fancy-dress suits and disguises(伪装) that his best friend had been using to
try to 21
the little boy up!
From that day on, the little boy always did his best to make sure that no one felt sad and alone.
12.
A.
great
B.
sad
C.
nervous
D.
pleased
13.
A.
grew
B.
changed
C.
lost
D.
happened
14.
A.
work out
B.
make up
C.
point out
D.
look for
15.
A.
filled
B.
looked
C.
appeared
D.
came
16.
A.
crying
B.
thinking
C.
singing
D.
laughing
17.
A.
though
B.
because
C.
so
D.
but
18.
A.
heart
B.
hands
C.
health
D.
head
19.
A.
little
B.
humorous
C.
strange
D.
happy
20.
A.
provide
B.
send
C.
show
D.
satisfy
21.
A.
wake
B.
cheer
C.
pick
D.
raise
二、完形填空
12. B
13. A
14. A
15. C
16. D
17. B
18. A
19. C
20. C
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一、单项选择（共10 小题；共10.0 分）
1. Mark would like to work outside. He
help to clean up the city parks.
A.
must
B.
need
C.
could
D.
have to
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2. --- Can you tell the differences between these two pictures?
--- Differences? Oh, no. They look quite
.
A.
different
B.
similar
C.
strange
D.
interesting
3. Nick lost his key. It made him
in the cold to wait for his parents' return.
A.
to stay
B.
stayed
C.
stays
D.
stay
4. --- Mr. Miller, I am afraid that I can't finish this work in a week.
--- My boy, be brave and tell yourself
.
A.
don't give up
B.
not give up
C.
not to give up
D.
to give up
5. Sam plans to go to the western China and
an early childhood school there one day.
A.
clean up
B.
look up
C.
give up
D.
set up
6. Whatever difficulties we meet, we shouldn't
our hope.
A.
give up
B.
fix up
C.
cheer up
D.
put up
7. Scientists are trying their best to
ways to treat the terrible disease called H7N9.
A.
come up with
B.
look forward to
C.
talk about
D.
give up
8. --- We don't have enough money for our field trip. What shall we do?
--- The best way
money is to sell newspapers.
A.
raise
B.
to raise
C.
raising
9. Mr. Brown
in a small house. Now he lives in a big house with a swimming pool.
A.
is used to living
B.
was used to living
C.
used to living
D.
used to live
10. --- I am very worried about the coming exam. I am afraid I can't pass this time.
---
! I'm sure you'll make it.
A.
No problem
B.
That's right
C.
Cheer up
D.
Don't mention it
二、完形填空（共10 小题；共15.0 分）
Bill, a thirteen-year-old boy, thought he had grown up to be a man. But his parents told him, "You
won't be a real man until you begin to 11
helping others."
One morning, his parents gave him some money to 12
some milk for them.
Outside a shop he saw a homeless old man who looked very 13
. Bill went to him and
asked, "What's wrong with you?"
The old man answered, "I'm hungry. I haven't had any food for two days."
8
At the thought of his parents' words, Bill said to the old man, "Let's go to the 14
."
When they got there, Bill asked the waiter to bring out bread and coffee to the old man. The old man
finished the meal quickly. After the waiter 15
the plate and the cup, the old man said,
"Sorry for giving you so much 16
. I'm fine now. I'll 17
forget your
kindness! You are a very good young man."
Bill was 18
when he heard this. Just when he wanted to pay for the meal, the
waiter came. Bill and the old man learned 19
that the food was free 20
it was the birthday of the boss, and they were the first customers(顾客) that day.
11.
A.
think about
B.
depend on
C.
give up
D.
go on
12.
A.
lend
B.
buy
C.
drink
D.
borrow
13.
A.
afraid
B.
glad
C.
sick
D.
angry
14.
A.
bank
B.
library
C.
hospital
D.
restaurant
15.
A.
sent out
B.
got down
C.
gave back
D.
took away
16.
A.
excuse
B.
advice
C.
trouble
D.
difficulty
17.
A.
never
B.
always
C.
usually
D.
sometimes
18.
A.
nervous
B.
pleased
C.
sorry
D.
shy
19.
A.
in surprise
B.
as usual
C.
once again
D.
at first
20.
A.
when
B.
until
C.
unless
D.
because
三、阅读理解（共5 小题；共10.0 分）
Want to know what we can do to help make our city a better place to live in? Why not take pan in
"Clean & Green weekend"? Join us, and you can make new friends and help protect the environment at the
same time.
Park Life
Do you like hanging out in the park with your friends? If so, why not take the chance to
come with us and tidy up the park as you go? To add some fun, there is a gift for the person who
collects the most rubbish! Meet us at the south entrance to Taohe Park at 9 a.m. next Saturday if
you want to join in.
The Air You Breathe
A great way to make the air we breathe cleaner is by planting lots of trees! It is a fact that
trees slowly filter(过滤) a lot of pollutants from the air. So come and help us plant some new ones
in Fenhe Park at 2 p.m. next Sunday.
War on Graffiti(涂鸦)
Some people think graffiti is cool. Well, it is not! The best way to stop buildings from
becoming totally covered in ugly graffiti is to get rid of it as soon as possible. And that is exactly
what we are going to do. We are repainting the school walls from 1 p.m. on Saturday. You don’t
have to bring any tools, just remember to wear some old clothes!
21. The main purpose of "clean & Green Weekend" is to
.
A.
make our city more beautiful
9
B.
offer the chance to have fun
C.
help students meet old friends
22. The students who want to join in the rubbish collecting activity must meet
.
A.
at 1 p.m. on Saturday
B.
at 2 p.m. next Sunday
C.
at 9 a.m. next Saturday
23. If we're going to repaint the school walls, we need to
.
A.
draw pictures well
B.
wear some old clothes
C.
bring some tools with us
24. According to the passage, we know
.
A.
graffiti can make the buildings look cool
B.
the person who collects rubbish can get a gift
C.
we can plant trees to improve the environment
25. We might read the above passage
.
A.
in a fashion magazine
B.
on a school notice board
C.
in a newspaper advertisement
四、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)（共2 小题；共2.0 分）
26. Do you know who is the o
of the garden?
27. The boy is so c
that he can work out many difficult problems.
五、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)（共3 小题；共3.0 分）
28. Can you
(想象) what your life will be like in 10 years?
29. Bob will start his
(旅行) to New York.
30. Don't leave the baby
(单独). He is too young.
六、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)（共5 小题；共5.0 分）
31. 在她五岁时，就能独自做饭。
She
cook
at the age of five.
32. 约翰每周六下午在一家医院做义工。
John
at a hospital
.
33. 互联网使我们在家里购物成为可能。
The Internet
for us to buy things at home.
34. 萨拉想在空闲时帮助孩子们学跳舞。
10
Sarah wants
kids learn
when she is free.
35. 他决定把这些电脑捐赠给贫困山区的孩子们。
He decided
these computers
to children in
the poor mountain areas.
七、作文（共1 小题；共25.0 分）
36. 假如你是杨佩，你的外教Mr. Smith 想组织几名学生去一个学校进行一次助学和联谊活动。
请你参考下列信息，以书信形式向Mr. Smith 提出申请，说明你打算如何开展这次活动并陈述理由。
要求：
1. 参考提示语，可适当发挥；
2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；
3. 文中不得出现你本人的姓名、所在学校名称和地址；
4. 词数60—80 词，开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Smith,
I'm so excited to know that our school is organizing an activity to help the kids in a school.
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I'll be thankful if you give me the chance!
Yours,
Yang Pei
答案
一、单项选择
1. C
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. D
10. C
二、完形填空
11. A
12. B
13. C
14. D
15. D
16. C
17. A
18. B
19. A
20. D
三、阅读理解
21. A
22. C
23. B
24. C
25. B
四、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)
11
26. owner
27. clever
五、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)
28. imagine
29. journey
30. alone
六、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)
31. could, by herself
32. volunteers, every Saturday afternoon
33. makes it possible
34. to help, to dance
35. to give, away
七、作文
36. Dear Mr. Smith,
I'm so excited to know that our school is organizing an activity to help the kids in a school. I hope I
can join in it. I think I have the abilities to help them. First, I'll get on well with the kids there. I can do it
because I always communicate well with others. And I have a few hobbies, such as playing basketball,
ping-pong and singing songs. So I am going to help organize after class activities. Also, my English is
good. I can help the kids with their pronunciation. I'll read English aloud with them and teach them English
songs. It's really fun.
I'll be thankful if you give me the chance![[sign]]Yours
Yang Pei[[/sign]]
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