专题16 被动语态
目录
01 知识脑图·学科框架速建
02 考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读01】被动语态基本用法
【知能解读02】被动语态典型用法
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破01】“系动词+表语”主动表被动
【重难点突破02】“一些动词+副词”主动表被动
【重难点突破03】measure, weigh 接短语主动表被动
【重难点突破04】want/need/eserve 接动名词主动表被动
【重难点突破05】be worth doing/be to blame 主动表被动
【重难点突破06】be+形容词+不定式”主动表被动
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错01】不及物动词作谓语常用主动形式
【易混易错02】某些不及物动词短语常用主动形式
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【用法拓展】被动语态特殊注意点
01 被动语态基本用法
1. 被动语态由“be 动词+过去分词”构成，时态通过 be 动词的变化体现。
时态
结构
例句
一般现在时
am/is/ are+ done
Rice is grown in the south of the country.
一般过去时
am/is/ are+ done
The door was repaired by him yesterday.
含情态动词
情态动词+be+ done
Your room must be cleaned every day.
现在进行时
am/is/ are+ being+ done
The rooms are being painted red by her.
过去进行时
was/ were+ being+ done
Trees were being planted here this time last year.
一般将来时
will+ be+ done
A new library will be built between the buildings.
现在完成时
have/ has +been+ done
I have been informed of date of the sports meeting.
过去完成时
had +been+ done
The magazine had been returned before I arrived.
2. 被动语态的常用句式结构。
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
be 动词+过去分词(+by...)
The door was closed by him.
否定句
be 动词+not+过去分词(+by...)
These books are not kept in the library.
一般疑问句
Be 动词+主语+过去分词(+by...)
Is this plate made of silver?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+be 动词 +主语+过去分
词?
What are these coats made of ?
3.使用被动语态的典型场合。
场合
例句
强调动作的承受者
She is greatly influenced by her parents.
不知道动作的执行者
The zipper was invented in 1893.
没有必要指出动作的执行者
These toys are designed for children.
当动作的执行者不是人时
The window was blown open by wind.
有些动词习惯上只用于被动语态
Tom was born in NewYork in August 2024.
句型“It is+过去分词+that 从句
It's reported that the government will raise taxes.
02 被动语态典型用法
1. “be+及物动词的过去分词+(by…) ” 是被动语态最基本形式。
These books are written especially for children.
这些书是专门为孩子们写的。
New policies will be announced by the government.
政府将宣布新政策。
2. “get+及物动词的过去分词+(by…) ” 这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果。多用于一些短语中，
如get caught, get burnt, get lost, get paid, get promoted 等等。
His phone got stolen on the bus yesterday.
他的手机昨天在公交车上被偷了。
She got praised by the teacher for her work.
她因为作业被老师表扬了。
3. “情态动词+be+过去分词”结构也是被动语态，常见情态动词有can, may, must, could, would, should 等。
Waste batteries must be recycled properly.
废旧电池必须妥善回收。
Plastic bags should be banned in supermarkets.
超市应该禁止使用塑料袋。
4.带双宾语的谓语动词变被动语态，若将直接宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语，并且在被保留的间接宾
语前加上介词to 或for。
主动语态变为被动语态后，间接宾语前带to 的动词有：bring，give，send，show，take，pass，lend，
post，teach，write，throw，hand 等；间接宾语前带for 的动词有：buy，cook，find，get，make，save 等。
5. “主+谓+宾+宾补”结构变被动语态，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处(谓语动词后
面)，成为主语补足语。
易错提醒：感官动词(see，watch，hear，feel, notice 等)和使役动词(have，let，make 等)后使用不带to 的
动词不定式作宾语补足语。变成被动语态后要把to 还原，不定式为主语补足语。
例如：We often hear him play the guitar.我们经常听到他弹吉他。(主动语态)
→He is often
heard to
play
the guitar by us.(被动语态)
She was made to cry by their words.
她被他们的话弄哭了。
6. 动词短语的介词或副词在被动结构中不可省去。
Such a bad habit should be got rid of.
这样的坏习惯应该改掉。
The hero is looked up to by everyone.
这位英雄被每个人敬仰。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．The problem which (discuss) in the meeting room now is very important to the development of the
company.
2．My house (decorate) when you visited Beijing last time, so I didn’t invite you to my home.
3．The reason why the lake smells terrible is that large quantities of water (pollute) in the last few
years.
4．Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ)
today to draw attention to important truths.
5．Teaching children about the natural world should (treat) as one of the most important events in
teachers’ lives.
6．It is essential that effective actions (take) to end for the situation.
7．Some social app companies were (blame) because they organized photo trips to attract more
youngsters.
8．This sort of roast meat is a local super food and it （taste）delicious.
9．Although people have made great progress in science and technology, the deep and mysterious ocean is still
difficult (explore).
10．With the rapid development of AI, many jobs (replace) by machines in the coming decades.
01“系动词+表语”主动表被动
①感官类系动词：look, seem, appear, feel, sound, taste, smell
②变化类系动词：become, turn, come, go, fall, get
③保持证明类系动词：stay, keep, be, remain, prove, turn out
The flowers smell
sweet
. 这些花闻起来很香。
He got excited when he heard the good news. 听到好消息，他变得很兴奋。
The flowers keep alive
with enough water. 有足够的水，花能保持存活。
02“一些动词+副词”主动表被动
write, read, sell, wear, wash, open, shut 等动词多用于“动词+副词”结构，表示主语的某种属性，常用
主动形式表被动意义。
Organic vegetables sell well in this market. 有机蔬菜在这个市场很畅销。
This fancy pen writes smoothly on thick and thin paper. 这支精致的笔在厚薄纸上都写得很流畅。
03 measure, weigh 接短语主动表被动
measure, weigh 表示“测量起来，称重起来”，后接短语时，主动形式表示被动意义。
The new carpet measures three by four meters. 这块新地毯量起来是 3 米乘 4 米。
The heavy stone weighs over 100 pounds. 这块重石头称起来超过 100 磅。
04 want/need/require/deserve 接动名词主动表被动
want/need/require + doing= want/need/require +to be +过去分词，该句型表示“某物需要……”。
deserve+ doing= deserve +to be +过去分词，该句型表示“值得……”。
The machine requires checking regularly. = The machine requires to be checked regularly.
这台机器需要定期检查。
The garden wants tidying before the party.= The garden wants to be tidied.
派对前花园需要打扫。
The brave soldier deserves rewarding.= The brave soldier deserves to be rewarded.
这位勇敢的士兵值得被嘉奖。
05 be worth doing/be to blame 主动表被动
be worth doing 表示“值得做”，be to blame 表示“该受到责备”也是主动表被动。
The old town is worth visiting
during the holiday.这个古镇假期值得一游。
The poor management is to blame
for the failure.管理不善该为这次失败负责。
06 be+形容词+不定式”主动表被动
英语中“be+形容词+不定式短语”结构构成反射不定式不定式主动形式表被动意义。
The door is hard to open in winter. 这扇门冬天很难打开。
The song is pleasant to listen to.这首歌听起来很悦耳。
易错提醒：上述结构可以转化为It 开头的结构。
This task is difficult to finish on time.=It is difficult to finish the taskon time
这项任务很难按时完成。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Great Expectations (sell) well, but not all books (sell) out yet.
2．Some social app companies were (blame) because they organized photo trips to attract more
youngsters.
3．—What do you think of my new T-shirt?
—I am sure it (wear) very well and keeps its shape.
4．The buildings (date) from the Ming Dynasty is being rebuilt.
5 ．The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable
________(hold).
6．It was only after he had read the papers that Mr Gross realized that the task was extremely difficult_________
(finish).
7．I would like to buy these coat because the clothing (feel) smooth.
8．This article is well worth (read), but it is not worthy of (translate).
9．There is no point in buying this washing powder, because this kind of cloth (wash) easily.
10．The young trees we planted last week require (look) after with great care.
01 不及物动词作谓语常用主动形式
某些不及物动词(短语)，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。这类动词有：happen 发生, occur 突然
想到, exist 存在。
The unexpected event happened during the morning meeting yesterday.
意外事件发生在昨天的早会上。
A brilliant idea occurred to him while he was reading the book.
他读书时突然想到一个绝妙的主意。
02 某些不及物动词短语常用主动形式
某些不及物动词短语，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。此类短语有：come out 出版, come into
being 产生, consist of 由……组成，come about 发生, break out 爆发, belong to 属于, date from=date
back to 追溯到, arise from 由……引起, run out 用光等，pay off 努力得到回报。
The wedding will take place next week. 婚礼将于下周举行。
The team consists of
five experienced members.
这个团队由 5 名有经验的成员组成。
易错提醒：上述单词和短语作定语，常用现在分词形式。
The necklace belonging to her mother is a family treasure.
属于她母亲的那条项链是家族珍宝。
The castle dating back to the 12th century attracts many visitors.
那座追溯到 12 世纪的城堡吸引了许多游客。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．London is an ancient port city that has a history (date) all the way back to Roman times.
2. This proverb is based on an old English law ____________(date) back to the 17th century.
3. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ___________ (belong) to the well-educated.
4. The number of road accidents and the deaths ____________(arise) from those accidents has increased over the
past year.
5. Now it __________(occur) to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of
luck.
被动语态特殊注意点
1.“under+抽象名词”结构含有被动之意，如under attack 遭到攻击, under discussion 被讨论, under
construction 在建造中, under repair 在维修中, under threat 受到威胁, under treatment 接受治疗, under
control 被控制等。
The old bridge is under repair
and will reopen next month.
这座旧桥正在维修，下月将重新开放。
The subway line connecting the two cities is under construction.
连接两座城市的地铁线路正在建设中。
2.dress, devote 等动词无宾语时，常用被动结构。这些动词短语有：dress oneself in 给自己穿上, devote
oneself to 致力于, commit oneself to 使自己致力于, apply oneself to 专心于, station oneself 使自己驻扎, seat
oneself 使自己就座等。
She was dressed
in
a red coat when I saw her.
我见到她时，她穿着一件红色外套。
All efforts must be applied
to solving this urgent problem.
必须全力以赴解决这个紧急问题。
一、单项填空 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2025 全国一卷）“The players’ personalities ___________ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are
exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
2. （2025 北京卷）Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes
___________ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
3.（2025 八省联考卷）Every language is worthy of respect and should ___________ (treat) equally.
4.（2024 新课标II 卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___________
(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
5.（2024 全国甲卷）What should ___________ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud.
6.（2024 浙江1 月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even
more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs.
7. (2024 九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity
lately because they are refillable.
8.（2023 全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-
existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
被动语态综合能力提升
9.（2023 全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still
_________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
10.（2023 天津6 月卷）The wooden tower that _________(restore) will be open to tourists soon, and the work is
almost finished.
11.（2022 浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a
painting _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind?
12.（2021 浙江1 月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and
a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
13.（2021 浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary
loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect
order.
14.（2021 全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It
_________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
15.（2020 新课标）The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms.
16.（2020 全国III 卷）The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece
to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
二、被动语态与语法填空
（24-25 高二下·全国·课后作业）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。
Dunhuang was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place 1 East met West, and a green island in
the middle of the desert.
Dunhuang served as a centre of 2 (culture) and commercial exchange. Today, Dunhuang is a world-
class tourist destination boasting sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status. It has more than 700 caves. 3
(know) as the Mogao Grottoes, these ancient caves 4 (carve) out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years.
There you can see paintings and other artworks. Look at these statues! You can see 5 (element) from Ancient
Greece, India and Iran. The murals cover an 6 (astonish) area of 45,000square metres.
The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. But one type of
mural that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras, or “Flying Immortals”. The painting of Apsaras during the
Tang Dynasty reflects the 7 (confident) and optimism of people from that time.
In 8 sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts,
paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries. We’ll have a chance to see some of 9 (they) shortly.
However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery.
This century is bringing the Silk Road 10 life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative.
Dunhuang has once again be-come a global crossroads.
（24-25 高二下·广东深圳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Electric vehicle giant BYD recently launched a new charging system in China, gaining it an advantageous
position in the world’s auto market. The automaker advertised its system, named “Super e-Platform”, as one that
can charge its latest models in just five minutes, 11 (allow) them to travel up to 400 kilometers.
Assigned a 10C rating, 12 e-platform can reach full charge in just six minutes. The C-rate is an
industry measurement standard 13 a 1C rating means the battery can be fully charged in one hour.
Therefore, a 10C rating indicates the battery can achieve full charge in one-tenth of an hour, which 14
(equal) six minutes.
“We’ve always been in 15 (pursue) of speedy charging,” BYD founder Wang Chuanfu said “The
new battery’s peak charging power can reach 1,000 kilowatts. This is the first time in the industry that the unit of
megawatt (兆瓦) 16 (achieve) on charging power.”
The e-platform works by delivering a large current (电流) to the charging car, 17 high currents
tend to generate heat that damages EV batteries. To get around this, BYD says it 18 (massive) reduced
the internal resistance inside the battery.
This technology is currently only available in China, and the company has yet 19 (confirm)
whether it will make it available internationally. If 20 (popularize), BYD’s new charging platform
represents a major innovation that could help transform the electric car market.
