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专题 33 短文填空 考点 1 首字母填空
(2025 中考真题）
（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整
地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。(每空一词)
Chinese writer Wang Zengqi once wrote, “When I arrive in a new place... I prefer to visit the local farmers
market to see live chickens and ducks, fresh vegetables and bright fruits. It’s lively and brings me a sense of the joy
of l 1 .”
Nowadays, more people feel the same as Wang. They love to explore farmers markets wherever they visit.
These traditional markets, which used to be just local s 2 places, are attracting visitors during holidays,
especially the young. They think visiting a city w 3 exploring farmers markets is a waste of a trip. There
they can enjoy mouthwatering food, local culture and real nature of a city.
Luo Yan, a tour lover, travels around markets nationwide. He agrees these farmers markets are c 4
to local people’s daily life than those scenic spots (风景点) and supermarkets which seem all the same everywhere.
In Xi’an, he enjoyed tasty Roujiamo, w 5 in Inner Mongolia, he tasted the famous air-dried beef. The
generous sellers e 6 shared with him some trade secrets.
Foreign travellers, too, consider these markets as interesting w 7 into Chinese daily life. Luo Yan
noticed a group of American tourists walking around a farmers market in Beijing. They talked with the sellers
though they had difficulties with l 8 and could not stop trying local snacks. The visit left a lasting
impression on those foreign visitors. They are touched by the energy of locals and the flavour of Chinese daily life.
The popularity of farmers markets among visitors shows an important c 9 —from a focus on scenes
that cover every place to deeper experiences of local life. As part of this trend, many old farmers markets are
upgraded or set to reopen. One of them is the Chongwenmen farmers market, which was b 10 in 1976.
After 15 years of closure, it reopened to the public earlier this year.
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（2025·天津·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Today the earth is getting warmer and warmer. But hundreds of years a 11 , people had a different
problem—a 400-year cold period! From the 1400s to the 1800s, winters in the northern half of the earth were c
12 and longer than they are now. Scientists c 13 this time the “Little Ice Age” (小冰期).
The colder weather b 14 many serious problems. Plants died of cold and illness spread among
people. People had to spend a lot more time collecting wood for fires to keep their house warm. And sometimes, a h
15 piece of ice would slide down (滑落) a mountain and destroy (摧毁) some villages.
Scientists think the Little Ice Age was caused by forces (力量) that people could not control. One cause (起
因), in their opinion, was the sun. The sun often has “storms” of energy called sunspots (太阳黑子). During the
Little Ice Age, there were fewer sunspots than there are t 16 . With fewer sunspots, the sun was giving out
less e 17 which made the earth warm. Volcanic eruption (火山爆发) was probably a 18 natural
cause. During the Little Ice Age, many volcanoes erupted. Their dust (灰尘) might stop the sun’s l 19 and
heat from reaching the earth.
Today we are seeing the influences of rising temperature. Scientists think people are causing this change by
b 20 a lot of coal and oil. So we need to change our way of living.
（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
When people do not get enough food, they cannot grow strong or healthy. We should include plenty of v 21
and other plant-based foods in our diets. They provide necessary nutrients (营养) for our h 22 .
Scientists are working hard to make sure that everyone can have e 23 food to eat. They are thinking
of all kinds of new ways to g 24 plants. For example, they create plants that can survive in difficult
conditions, and use technology to grow fresh food in p 25 like deserts (沙漠).
It’s quite challenging for plants to live in deserts because they are very hot, have very l 26 water,
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and have poor-quality soil. Sometimes there is even salt in the soil, which makes it h 27 for most plants to
survive.
However, over time, plants have w 28 out clever ways to deal with the challenges of living in the
desert. Desert plants have small, narrow leaves or wax layers (蜡层) on their leaves to p 29 themselves
from the sun. They also have deep roots (根) that go far into the ground for w 30 . Some plants can take in
salt and store it in their cells.
(2024 中考真题）
（2024·天津·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Long ago, the early people did not live in houses as we do today. Most of the homes were in caves or shelters
(遮蔽物) which were built in trees. These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to p 1
them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests. Men of that time were called ‘cave people’.
These ‘cave people’ usually lived in small groups and life was not e 2 for them. They had to move
from place to place to s 3 for food. They would hunt, fish or pick wild fruit. When they couldn’t find a
4 to eat, they would leave to find another proper place. Their tools were very simple. They ate raw (生的)
food u 5 they learnt how to make a fire. For clothing, they used only the bark (树皮) of trees or the skins
(皮) of animals to c 6 their bodies.
However, the lives of the ‘cave people’ changed. They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants that g 7
in the forests. Soon they learnt to plant fruit, vegetables and other crops. They also kept cows, sheep and other
kinds of farm a 8 for milk, meat and skins. They became f 9 and lived in only one certain area.
Their groups became l 10 than before as they lived more settled (固定的) lives. They built houses as
long-lasting homes, and as a result, villages and towns developed quickly. The ‘cave people’ began to be civilized
(文明的).
（2024·山东东营·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
Bear was busy making pies. When he woke up in spring, he would need them.
“Oh no!” cried Bear. “The berries (莓) have run out. I must pick some more.”
Bear went to find more berries. He walked till his foot ached, but he didn’t find any berries n 11 his
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home.
So he decided to go deeper into the forest to look for berries. As he walked along, he felt very h 12 .
He had been so busy cooking that he had eaten nothing all day.
As be walked, Bear met bis friend Raccoon.
“Do you have say berries for me?” asked Bear.
“Sorry, but I can g 13 you some apples.” said Raccoon.
“Your apples are too sour.” said Bear.
Soon Bear met Squirrel.
“Do you have any berries for me?” asked Bear.
“No,” said Squirrel. “But I have some walnuts (核桃). You can have some.”
“Thank you.” said Bear. “But I do not w 14 walnuts in my pies. I will keep searching for berries.”
After a lot of effort, Bear realized that there were no berries left.
Suddenly, snow began to fall. Bear raced home. Then he jumped into bed. B 15 he could not sleep. He
was so hungry.
“Oh dear.” said Bear. I will have to eat my pies. But if so, I will have n 16 for spring. Bear was too
hungry to worry about it. He ate up all the pies u 17 he felt full at last. Soon he was fast asleep. Bear slept
for many months.
Spring came. Bear w 18 up. He was very, very hungry.
Just then, Raccoon and Squirrel came. They were each holding a pie.
“Those pies smell delicious.” said Bear.
“Oh. I don’t think you would like my sour apple pie.” said Raccoon.
“And I am sure you wouldn’t like my walnut pie.” said Squirrel.
When Bear opened his mouth to speak, Raccoon put some apple pie in Bear’s m 19 .
“Yum, this is good!” cried Bear.
Squirrel gave Bear some walnut pie.
“Wow, walnut pie is great, t 20 ,” said Bear.
“Aren’t you glad we educated you about pies?” said Squirrel.
“I am.” Bear said. “My next pies will have new fillings (馅).”
（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Community connects us with each other. A community is a p 21 where people live, work and play
together. It’s just like a school, where s 22 help each other to learn. People in a community h 23
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one another, too.
People in a community have different skills. They often help neighbors s 24 all kinds of problems.
For example, sometimes people do not feel well. The d 25 and nurses will make them feel better. There
are also some engineers. They may help people f 26 their broken bicycles or washing machines. When
people don’t know what to wear to a party or how to design their homes, the artists will give them some a 27
.
Some college students work as volunteers in their s 28 time. They often do some cleaning for the
old people and help students with their h 29 .
Community is not a building or an organization. It is like a big f 30 . Members of a community have
a sense of trust, safety and caring for each other.
（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整
地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Even though my grandfather was a farmer, my grandmother would iron his work clothes every day.
Grandmother mixed up her own starch (淀粉浆) in a glass b 31 with a metal cap that had several holes.
She sprinkled Grandfather’s jeans with the starch, hung them over a chair for a few minutes, and then i 32
them.
Because I watched her do this through my childhood, I thought every old woman did it. But as the years
passed, I began to question this p 33 . Why did Grandfather need his work clothes ironed? Most days, he
never saw anyone b 34 me and maybe a few other farmers. The clothes became dirty in just a short time.
Why did Grandmother s 35 devote time and effort to ironing Grandfather’s clothes that were rarely seen?
One day when I was about 13, I asked Grandmother about it. She told me Grandfather was the most
handsome man in the world. Later that day, I looked c 36 at Grandfather. He sure didn’t look so handsome
to me. He was short and fat with false teeth (假牙). Later I told her my thought.
She gave me a girlish smile and said, “You just aren’t looking in the right light, Cathy. I remember when he
had r 37 teeth. He has the most beautiful eyes I have ever seen. They are e 38 the same color as
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the sky just before the sun goes down. I want the world to see my h 39 as the most beautiful man. I want
him to feel beautiful. I iron his clothes every day because for all these years, he has made me feel beautiful.”
The years went on, and I watched Grandmother and Grandfather grow old together. I was probably 30 when
I u 40 what beauty really was. It was Grandmother ironing Grandfather’s jeans with starch from a glass
bottle.
(2023 中考真题）
（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
My parents got Arthur’s Family Laundromat (洗衣店) from my grandfather. It was a true family business. My
father, my mother and my aunt were responsible for different jobs. E 1 my retired (退休的) grandfather
helps with the cleaning now and then.
My father said that the most important machine in the Laundromat wasn’t the washing machine. It was the
coffee pot by the door. The coffee was free and almost every c 2 would have a cup and chat with my
family while waiting for their clean clothes. In the hours a 3 school or on weekends, it was my job to keep
the coffee pot full. At least ten times each day, I would clean up the wet coffee grounds (咖啡渣), weigh 40 g of
coffee beans, fill the pot with water, and turn on the coffee machine. It was such a b 4 job that I could
have done it in my sleep.
I remember complaining one busy day. “W 5 do we have to give away coffee? We’re a Laundromat,
not a coffee shop!” I said angrily. My father was surprised at my attitude. At once he s 6 what he was
doing to talk to me. With a patient but serious expression on his f 7 he spoke:
“Son, people choose our laundromat b 8 we serve them like friends. We offer them a cup of coffee.
We chat with them, laugh with them and connect with them. People don’t just need a p 9 to clean their
clothes. They need friendship. That is why your job is the most important job in the laundromat.”
My father’s words had the expected effect. From then on, I do the job more c 10 . After all, I had the
most important job in the laundromat.
（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。
Ali has worked and lived in Shandong Province for almost six years. When his friends suggested g 11
to Rizhao for a two-day trip, the first things that came into his mind were its beautiful beaches and nice seafood.
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Rizhao certainly goes b 12 that! It is also “hometown of green tea” in northern China. Rizhao l 13
in the southeast of Shandong Province near the Yellow Sea. It has pleasant weather, rich soil, and enough sunlight.
All these make it s 14 for growing high-quality green tea. Ali had the chance to pick tea leaves for the first
time in his life. “This is the first time I’ve learned about Chinese tea culture. It’s a new and exciting experience for
me. It’s fantastic!” Ali said with a smile on his f 15 .
（2023·广东广州·统考中考真题）
阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。
Today is Duanwu Jie, or Dragon Boat Festival, one of the most important festivals in China. Chinese people r
16 the great patriotic poet (爱国诗人) Qu Yuan by rowing dragon boats and making zongzi on this day.
My village is famous for its great protection of traditional c 17 and we have the best dragon boat race
team of the city. Every year, villagers raise our dragon boats from under the river about a month before the festival.
And then it is c 18 cleaned and repainted. Our dragon boat is already 40 years old. Made of a special kind
of wood, it is still strong enough to l 19 for a long time.
This year, my elder brother is accepted into our dragon boat race team as its youngest member. He’s only 18,
and I’m so p 20 of him.
（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整
地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Peter Pan wishes Wendy, John and Michael, especially Wendy, would stay in Neverland forever, but finally the
Darling children decide to fly back home and grow up.
“Quick, Tink,” Peter whispers. “S 1 the window. Then when Wendy comes back, she will think her
mother doesn’t love her anymore, and she will return to Neverland with me.”
Mrs. Darling is playing the piano. Peter didn’t know the tune, Home, Sweet Home, b 2 he knows it’s
saying, “Come back, Wendy, Wendy, Wendy.” Peter looks through the door and sees two big tears in Mrs. Darling’s
eyes.
“She loves Wendy,” he thinks. “But I love Wendy, too. We c 3 both have her.”
He looks at Mrs. Darling again. The two tears are still sitting on her e 4 .
“Oh, all right,” he says at last, sadly. Then he opens the window.
When Wendy, John, and Michael arrive, they find the window o 5 for them. They all get into bed to
surprise their mother.
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When Mrs. Darling goes back to the children’s room, they are all in their beds. They wait for her to say
something, but she says n 6 . She thinks she is dreaming. She sits by the fire.
The children are so w 7 . Why isn’t their mother happy to see them again? All three of them jump out
of bed, run to her and shout, “Mother!” She realizes she is not d 8 anymore. Mr. Darling and Nana come
in. They are all so happy. Peter w 9 them from the window but he is looking at something he will never
have.
Many years pass. When Peter visits Wendy again, she has g 10 up and has a daughter of her own.
Peter is still a boy who can’t grow up.
—Taken from Peter Pan
（2023·天津·统考中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
A smile shows that a person is happy. For example, a person may smile when he or she is p 11 with
some progress in studies. Or a person may smile if a friend tells a funny joke. There are other good r 12 to
smile often.
First, it is e 13 to smile than to show unhappiness. In fact, it only takes 17 muscles (肌肉) to smile.
On the other hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness. So give the muscles in your f 14 a rest and
smile!
Second, smiles are nice. People may try to l 15 nice by exercising or wearing nice clothes. However,
people often say a smile is the best thing a person can wear. That is because it is easy to be a 16 someone
who is smiling and happy. Almost no one wants to stay with someone who is always unhappy.
Third, smiles have power (感染力). Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly s 17 from one
person to another. If one person smiles, people around him or her want to smile, too. Similarly, when a person
laughs, people tend (往往会) to laugh with him or her. If a person is s 18 , the best thing to do is to share a
smile or a laugh. It is the easiest way to cheer someone up.
F 19 , smiling and laughing are very good for the body. Even though you are sad, try smiling. You’ll
find that it will be difficult to s 20 sad for very long!
（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar has 24 solar terms (节气) in a year. Ancient Chinese people created this
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system to m 21 the change of time based on the sun’s position. In ancient times, this system guided
farming activities. It t 22 farmers what to do according to the changes in temperature. Today, 24 solar
terms still play an important role in Chinese people’s e 23 life. They remind people of the changes in s
24 and to eat suitable food. This ancient time system has gained new charm now. In Beijing 2022 Winter
Olympics, the director used a new countdown (倒计时) method, showing 24 solar terms instead of numbers. This
creative method was greatly p 25 by people around the world. They are amazed by the wisdom of Chinese
people.
9
