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专题 33 短文填空 考点 1 首字母填空
(2025 中考真题）
（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整
地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。(每空一词)
Chinese writer Wang Zengqi once wrote, “When I arrive in a new place... I prefer to visit the local farmers
market to see live chickens and ducks, fresh vegetables and bright fruits. It’s lively and brings me a sense of the joy
of l 1 .”
Nowadays, more people feel the same as Wang. They love to explore farmers markets wherever they visit.
These traditional markets, which used to be just local s 2 places, are attracting visitors during holidays,
especially the young. They think visiting a city w 3 exploring farmers markets is a waste of a trip. There
they can enjoy mouthwatering food, local culture and real nature of a city.
Luo Yan, a tour lover, travels around markets nationwide. He agrees these farmers markets are c 4
to local people’s daily life than those scenic spots (风景点) and supermarkets which seem all the same everywhere.
In Xi’an, he enjoyed tasty Roujiamo, w 5 in Inner Mongolia, he tasted the famous air-dried beef. The
generous sellers e 6 shared with him some trade secrets.
Foreign travellers, too, consider these markets as interesting w 7 into Chinese daily life. Luo Yan
noticed a group of American tourists walking around a farmers market in Beijing. They talked with the sellers
though they had difficulties with l 8 and could not stop trying local snacks. The visit left a lasting
impression on those foreign visitors. They are touched by the energy of locals and the flavour of Chinese daily life.
The popularity of farmers markets among visitors shows an important c 9 —from a focus on scenes
that cover every place to deeper experiences of local life. As part of this trend, many old farmers markets are
upgraded or set to reopen. One of them is the Chongwenmen farmers market, which was b 10 in 1976.
After 15 years of closure, it reopened to the public earlier this year.
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【答案】
1．(l)ife 2．(s)hopping 3．(w)ithout 4．(c)loser 5．(w)hile 6．(e)ven 7．
(w)indows 8．(l)anguage 9．(c)hange 10．(b)uilt
【导语】本文主要讲述了农贸市场作为体验当地文化和生活的窗口，越来越受到游客的青睐，并成为旅游
新趋势的现象。
1．句意：它充满活力，给我带来了生活的喜悦。根据“I prefer to visit the local farmers market to see live
chickens and ducks, fresh vegetables and bright fruits”可知，贸市场带来生活的喜悦，the joy of life表示“生
活的喜悦”，故填(l)ife。
2．句意：这些传统市场过去只是当地的购物场所，现在吸引了假期游客，尤其是年轻人。根据“These
traditional markets”和首字母“s”可知，此处指“购物场所”。shopping“购物”，作定语修饰places。故填
(s)hopping。
3．句意：他们认为不探索农贸市场的城市之旅是浪费。根据“visiting a city...exploring farmers markets is a
waste”和首字母“w”可知，此处表示没有探索农贸市场的城市旅行是浪费，需用介词without。故填
(w)ithout。
4．句意：他认为农贸市场比千篇一律的景点和超市更贴近当地人的日常生活。根据“are...to local people’s
daily life”和首字母“c”可知，农贸市场比景点和超市更贴近当地人生活，此处需用比较级，closer“更接近
的”符合语境。故填(c)loser。
5．句意：在西安，他品尝了肉夹馍，而在内蒙古，他尝试了著名的风干牛肉。根据“In Xi’an...in Inner
Mongolia”和首字母“w”可知，此处表示对比，需用连词while“而”。故填(w)hile。
6．句意：慷慨的卖家甚至与他分享了一些行业秘密。根据“shared with him some trade secrets.”和首字母
“e”可知，此处表示递进，需用副词even“甚至”，表示卖家甚至与他分享了一些行业秘密。故填(e)ven。
7．句意：外国游客也认为这些市场是了解中国日常生活的有趣窗口。根据“interesting ... into Chinese daily
life”和首字母“w”可知，此处比喻为“窗口”，window“窗口”，复数名词表泛指。故填(w)indows。
8．句意：尽管他们语言不通，但仍与卖家交谈，并不停尝试当地小吃。根据“They talked with the sellers
though they had difficulties”和首字母“l”可知，此处指“语言障碍”。language“语言”，名词。故填
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(l)anguage。
9．句意：农贸市场的流行显示了一个重要变化——从关注千篇一律的景点转向深度体验当地生活。根据
“shows an important”和首字母“c”可知，此处指一个重要变化。change“变化”，名词。故填(c)hange。
10．句意：其中之一是崇文门农贸市场，它建于1976年。根据“in 1976”和首字母“b”可知，此处需用被
动语态，表示“被建造”，built“建造”，过去分词。故填(b)uilt。
（2025·天津·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Today the earth is getting warmer and warmer. But hundreds of years a 11 , people had a different
problem—a 400-year cold period! From the 1400s to the 1800s, winters in the northern half of the earth were c
12 and longer than they are now. Scientists c 13 this time the “Little Ice Age” (小冰期).
The colder weather b 14 many serious problems. Plants died of cold and illness spread among
people. People had to spend a lot more time collecting wood for fires to keep their house warm. And sometimes, a h
15 piece of ice would slide down (滑落) a mountain and destroy (摧毁) some villages.
Scientists think the Little Ice Age was caused by forces (力量) that people could not control. One cause (起
因), in their opinion, was the sun. The sun often has “storms” of energy called sunspots (太阳黑子). During the
Little Ice Age, there were fewer sunspots than there are t 16 . With fewer sunspots, the sun was giving out
less e 17 which made the earth warm. Volcanic eruption (火山爆发) was probably a 18 natural
cause. During the Little Ice Age, many volcanoes erupted. Their dust (灰尘) might stop the sun’s l 19 and
heat from reaching the earth.
Today we are seeing the influences of rising temperature. Scientists think people are causing this change by
b 20 a lot of coal and oil. So we need to change our way of living.
【答案】
11．(a)go 12．(c)older 13．(c)all 14．(b)rought 15．(h)uge 16．(t)oday 17．(e)nergy
18．(a)nother 19．(l)ight 20．(b)urning
【导语】本文主要讲述了地球在历史上经历的“小冰期”现象及其可能的原因，并与当前全球变暖现象进
行对比。
11．句意：但几百年前，人们面临一个不同的问题——持续400年的寒冷时期！根据“hundreds of years”
和时间对比语境以及所给首字母可知，此处需用表示过去的时间副词，ago“以前”符合语境。故填(a)go。
12．句意：从15世纪到19世纪，北半球的冬天比现在更寒冷且更漫长。根据“winters in the northern half
of the earth were...and longer than”和所给首字母可知，北半球的冬天比现在更寒冷且更漫长，此处应用
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cold“寒冷的”的比较级colder。故填(c)older。
13．句意：科学家称这个时期为“小冰期”。根据“Scientists...this time the ‘Little Ice Age’ (小冰期).”和所
给首字母可知，科学家应是称这个时期为“小冰期”，call“称作”，主语“Scientists”为复数，且描述客观
事实，动词用原形。故填(c)all。
14．句意：更寒冷的天气带来了许多严重的问题。根据“The colder weather...many serious problems.”和所给
首字母可知，更寒冷的天气应是带来了许多严重的问题，“带来”bring，此处用过去式brought与上下文
时态一致，描述过去发生的事。故填(b)rought。
15．句意：有时，一大块冰会从山上滑落并摧毁一些村庄。根据“piece of ice would slide down (滑落) a
mountain and destroy (摧毁) some villages.”和所给首字母可知，应是一大块冰从山上滑落，才会摧毁一些村
庄，“巨大的”huge，形容词作定语。故填(h)uge。
16．句意：在小冰期，太阳黑子比现在更少。与“During the Little Ice Age”形成时间对比，此处需用表示
现在的副词。结合所给首字母可知，today“现在”，符合语境。故填(t)oday。
17．句意：太阳黑子减少，导致太阳释放的使地球变暖的能量更少。动词“giving out”后接名词作宾语，
根据科学常识和所给首字母可知，此处指“能量”energy，不可数名词。故填(e)nergy。
18．句意：火山爆发可能是另一个自然原因。前文已提及太阳是原因之一，此处应表示另一个原因，结合
所给首字母可知，another“另一、又一”符合语境。故填(a)nother。
19．句意：火山灰可能会阻挡太阳的光和热量到达地球。与“heat”并列，需用名词“光”light，不可数形
式。故填(l)ight。
20．句意：科学家认为人类通过燃烧大量煤炭和石油导致了这一变化。根据“people are causing this change
by...a lot of coal and oil. So we need to change our way of living”和所给首字母可知，应是燃烧煤炭和石油，
burn“燃烧”，by后接动名词。故填(b)urning。
（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
When people do not get enough food, they cannot grow strong or healthy. We should include plenty of v 21
and other plant-based foods in our diets. They provide necessary nutrients (营养) for our h 22 .
Scientists are working hard to make sure that everyone can have e 23 food to eat. They are thinking
of all kinds of new ways to g 24 plants. For example, they create plants that can survive in difficult
conditions, and use technology to grow fresh food in p 25 like deserts (沙漠).
It’s quite challenging for plants to live in deserts because they are very hot, have very l 26 water,
and have poor-quality soil. Sometimes there is even salt in the soil, which makes it h 27 for most plants to
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survive.
However, over time, plants have w 28 out clever ways to deal with the challenges of living in the
desert. Desert plants have small, narrow leaves or wax layers (蜡层) on their leaves to p 29 themselves
from the sun. They also have deep roots (根) that go far into the ground for w 30 . Some plants can take in
salt and store it in their cells.
【答案】
21．(v)egetables 22．(h)ealth 23．(e)nough 24．(g)row 25．(p)laces 26．(l)ittle 27．
(h)ard/(h)arder 28．(w)orked 29．(p)rotect 30．(w)ater
【导语】本文主要介绍了食物对健康的重要性以及科学家们为解决全球粮食问题而采取的创新方法，特别
是如何在极端环境（如沙漠）中种植植物，同时介绍了沙漠植物为了生存而进化出的独特适应机制。
21．句意：我们应该在饮食中包含大量的蔬菜和其他植物性食物。根据“and other plant-based foods in our
diets”可知要吃大量的蔬菜，vegetable“蔬菜”，用名词复数。故填(v)egetables。
22．句意：它们为我们的健康提供必要的营养。根据“hey provide necessary nutrients (营养) for our”可知蔬
菜可以为我们的健康提供营养，health“健康”，不可数名词。故填(h)ealth。
23．句意：科学家们正在努力确保每个人都能有足够多的食物吃。根据“food to eat”可知是有足够的食物
吃，enough“足够的”。故填(e)nough。
24．句意：他们正在想各种新方法来种植植物。根据“they create plants that can survive in difficult
conditions”可知在想办法种植植物，grow“种植”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(g)row。
25．句意：他们创造了可以在恶劣条件下生存的植物，并利用技术在像沙漠这样的地方种植新鲜食物。根
据“like deserts”可知是在沙漠这样的地方，place“地方”，用名词复数。故填(p)laces。
26．句意：植物在沙漠中生存是非常具有挑战性的，因为沙漠非常炎热，几乎没有水，土壤质量也很差。
根据“It’s quite challenging for plants to live in deserts because they are very hot, have very...water”可知沙漠里
几乎没有水，little“几乎没有”。故填(l)ittle。
27．句意：有时土壤中甚至有盐，这使得大多数植物很难生存。根据“there is even salt in the soil”可知土壤
里有盐，大多数植物在这样的土壤中很难生存，hard“难的”，此处可用形容词原级，也可用比较级。故填
(h)ard/(h)arder。
28．句意：然而，随着时间的推移，植物已经想出了应对沙漠生存挑战的巧妙方法。根据“out clever
ways”可知是想出了办法，work out“解决，想出”，此处用过去分词和have构成现在完成时。故填
(w)orked。
29．句意：沙漠植物的叶子很小、很窄，或者叶子上有蜡层以保护自己免受阳光的伤害。根据
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“themselves from the sun”可知这些蜡层可以保护它们免受阳光的伤害，protect...from“保护……免受……”，
动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(p)rotect。
30．句意：它们还有深入地下寻找水的深根。根据“They also have deep roots (根) that go far into the ground
for”可知根深入地下寻找水，water“水”。故填(w)ater。
(2024 中考真题）
（2024·天津·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Long ago, the early people did not live in houses as we do today. Most of the homes were in caves or shelters
(遮蔽物) which were built in trees. These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to p 1
them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests. Men of that time were called ‘cave people’.
These ‘cave people’ usually lived in small groups and life was not e 2 for them. They had to move
from place to place to s 3 for food. They would hunt, fish or pick wild fruit. When they couldn’t find a
4 to eat, they would leave to find another proper place. Their tools were very simple. They ate raw (生的)
food u 5 they learnt how to make a fire. For clothing, they used only the bark (树皮) of trees or the skins
(皮) of animals to c 6 their bodies.
However, the lives of the ‘cave people’ changed. They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants that g 7
in the forests. Soon they learnt to plant fruit, vegetables and other crops. They also kept cows, sheep and other
kinds of farm a 8 for milk, meat and skins. They became f 9 and lived in only one certain area.
Their groups became l 10 than before as they lived more settled (固定的) lives. They built houses as
long-lasting homes, and as a result, villages and towns developed quickly. The ‘cave people’ began to be civilized
(文明的).
【答案】
1．(p)rotect 2．(e)asy 3．(s)earch 4．(a)nything 5．(u)ntil 6．(c)over 7．(g)rew
8．(a)nimals 9．(f)armers 10．(l)arger
【导语】本文主要介绍“穴居人”的生活。
1．句意：这些“家”只是用作临时庇护所，保护他们免受阳光、雨水和森林里的野生动物的侵害。根据
“These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to p... them from the sun, the rain and the wild
animals in the forests.”可知，这些“家”保护他们免受阳光、雨水和森林里的野生动物的侵害，protect“保
护”，不定式结构中用动词原形，故填(p)rotect。
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2．句意：这些“穴居人”通常生活在小群体中，生活对他们来说并不容易。根据“These ‘cave people’
usually lived in small groups and life was not e... for them.”可知，生活对他们来说并不容易，easy“容易的”，
在句中作表语，故填(e)asy。
3．句意：他们不得不从一个地方搬到另一个地方寻找食物。根据“They had to move from place to place to
s... for food.”可知，他们不得不搬家寻找食物，search for“寻找”符合语境，不定式结构中用动词原形，故
填(s)earch。
4．句意：当他们找不到吃的东西时，他们会离开去找另一个合适的地方。根据“When they couldn’t find
a... to eat, they would leave to find another proper place.”可知，找不到吃的东西时就会搬家，anything“任何东
西”，用于否定句中，故填(a)nything。
5．句意：他们吃生的食物，直到学会如何生火。根据“They ate raw (生的) food u... they learnt how to make
a fire.”可知，直到学会如何生火才不吃生的食物，until“直到”符合语境，故填(u)ntil。
6．句意：至于衣服，他们只用树皮或兽皮来遮盖身体。根据“they used only the bark (树皮) of trees or the
skins (皮) of animals to c... their bodies”可知，他们只用树皮或兽皮来遮盖身体，cover“遮盖”，不定式结构
中用动词原形，故填(c)over。
7．句意：他们收集了生长在森林中的野生植物的种子。根据“They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants
that g... in the forests.”可知，收集生长在森林中的野生植物的种子，grow“生长”，时态是一般过去时，动
词用过去式，故填(g)rew。
8．句意：他们还饲养牛、羊和其他种类的农场动物，以获取牛奶、肉和皮。根据“They also kept cows,
sheep and other kinds of farm a... for milk, meat and skins.”可知，饲养牛、羊和其他种类的农场动物，
animal“动物”，“other kinds of”修饰可数名词复数，故填(a)nimals。
9．句意：他们成了农民，只住在一个特定的地区。根据“They became f... and lived in only one certain
area.”可知，他们成了农民，farmer“农民”，主语“They”是复数，故填(f)armers。
10．句意：他们的群体变得比以前更大，因为他们的生活更加稳定。根据“Their groups became l... than
before as they lived more settled (固定的) lives.”可知，他们的群体变得比以前更大，larger“更大的”，在句
中作表语，故填(l)arger。
（2024·山东东营·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
Bear was busy making pies. When he woke up in spring, he would need them.
“Oh no!” cried Bear. “The berries (莓) have run out. I must pick some more.”
Bear went to find more berries. He walked till his foot ached, but he didn’t find any berries n 11 his
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home.
So he decided to go deeper into the forest to look for berries. As he walked along, he felt very h 12 .
He had been so busy cooking that he had eaten nothing all day.
As be walked, Bear met bis friend Raccoon.
“Do you have say berries for me?” asked Bear.
“Sorry, but I can g 13 you some apples.” said Raccoon.
“Your apples are too sour.” said Bear.
Soon Bear met Squirrel.
“Do you have any berries for me?” asked Bear.
“No,” said Squirrel. “But I have some walnuts (核桃). You can have some.”
“Thank you.” said Bear. “But I do not w 14 walnuts in my pies. I will keep searching for berries.”
After a lot of effort, Bear realized that there were no berries left.
Suddenly, snow began to fall. Bear raced home. Then he jumped into bed. B 15 he could not sleep. He
was so hungry.
“Oh dear.” said Bear. I will have to eat my pies. But if so, I will have n 16 for spring. Bear was too
hungry to worry about it. He ate up all the pies u 17 he felt full at last. Soon he was fast asleep. Bear slept
for many months.
Spring came. Bear w 18 up. He was very, very hungry.
Just then, Raccoon and Squirrel came. They were each holding a pie.
“Those pies smell delicious.” said Bear.
“Oh. I don’t think you would like my sour apple pie.” said Raccoon.
“And I am sure you wouldn’t like my walnut pie.” said Squirrel.
When Bear opened his mouth to speak, Raccoon put some apple pie in Bear’s m 19 .
“Yum, this is good!” cried Bear.
Squirrel gave Bear some walnut pie.
“Wow, walnut pie is great, t 20 ,” said Bear.
“Aren’t you glad we educated you about pies?” said Squirrel.
“I am.” Bear said. “My next pies will have new fillings (馅).”
【答案】
11．(n)ear 12．(h)ungry 13．(g)ive 14．(w)ant 15．(B)ut 16．(n)othing 17．(u)ntil
18．(w)oke 19．(m)outh 20．(t)oo
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【导语】本文主要介绍了熊忙着做馅饼，但是不小心在冬眠前把它们吃光了，最后朋友们带来新口味的馅
饼，这让他感到满足和感激。
11．句意：他一直走到脚痛，但在家附近没有发现任何浆果。根据“didn’t find any berries...his home”可知
在他家附近没有发现浆果，near“在附近”。故填(n)ear。
12．句意：他边走边觉得很饿。根据“He had been so busy cooking that he had eaten nothing all day.”可知他
什么都没吃，所以很饿，hungry“饿的”。故填(h)ungry。
13．句意：我可以给你一些苹果。根据“you some apples”可知是给你一些苹果，give“给”，情态动词后加
动词原形。故填(g)ive。
14．句意：但我不想在馅饼里放核桃。根据“But I do not...walnuts in my pies”可知是不想在馅饼里放核桃，
want“想要”，助动词do not后加动词原形。故填(w)ant。
15．句意：但是他睡不着。此处和前句是转折关系，用but连接。故填(B)ut。
16．句意：但如果这样的话，我将度过一个一无所有的春天。根据“I will have to eat my pies”可知如果把
馅饼吃了，春天就什么也没有了，nothing“没有什么”。故填(n)othing。
17．句意：他把所有的馅饼都吃光了，直到他终于觉得饱了为止。根据“He ate up all the pies...he felt full at
last.”可知是吃完了所有的馅饼，直到他吃饱了，until“直到”。故填(u)ntil。
18．句意：熊醒了。根据“Bear slept for many months.”可知他从冬眠中醒来，wake up“醒来”，句子用一
般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(w)oke。
19．句意：浣熊往熊的嘴里塞了一些苹果馅饼。根据“Raccoon put some apple pie in Bear’s...”可知是在嘴巴
里放一些苹果馅饼，mouth“嘴巴”，此处用名词单数形式，指熊的嘴巴。故填(m)outh。
20．句意：核桃馅饼也很棒。根据“walnut pie is great”可知核桃馅饼也很美味，肯定句句尾用too。故填
(t)oo。
（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Community connects us with each other. A community is a p 21 where people live, work and play
together. It’s just like a school, where s 22 help each other to learn. People in a community h 23
one another, too.
People in a community have different skills. They often help neighbors s 24 all kinds of problems.
For example, sometimes people do not feel well. The d 25 and nurses will make them feel better. There
are also some engineers. They may help people f 26 their broken bicycles or washing machines. When
people don’t know what to wear to a party or how to design their homes, the artists will give them some a 27
.
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Some college students work as volunteers in their s 28 time. They often do some cleaning for the
old people and help students with their h 29 .
Community is not a building or an organization. It is like a big f 30 . Members of a community have
a sense of trust, safety and caring for each other.
【答案】
21．(p)lace 22．(s)tudents 23．(h)elp 24．(s)olve 25．(d)octors 26．(f)ix 27．
(a)dvice 28．(s)pare 29．(h)omework 30．(f)amily
【导语】本文介绍了社区将人们紧密联系在一起，社区的人们互助友爱，就像一个大家庭。
21．句意：社区是人们一起生活、工作和娱乐的地方。根据首字母及“A community is a…where people
live, work and play together.”可知，社区是人们生活、工作和娱乐的地方。place“地方”，名词，冠词a后用
其单数形式。故填(p)lace。
22．句意：这就像一所学校，学生们互相帮助学习。根据首字母及“It’s just like a school”可知，社区像一
所学校，学生们互相帮助学习。student“学生”，名词，help是动词原形，故名词应用复数形式。故填
(s)tudents。
23．句意：社区里的人也会互相帮助。根据首字母及“…help each other to learn. People in a community…
one another, too.”可知，此处指社区中的人们互相帮助。help“帮助”，动词。时态是一般现在时，主语是复
数，谓语动词用其原形。故填(h)elp。
24．句意：他们经常帮助邻居解决各种各样的问题。根据首字母及“all kinds of problems”可知，此处指解
决问题。solve“解决”，动词。help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，动词用其原形。故填(s)olve。
25．句意：医生和护士会让他们感觉好些。根据首字母及“For example, sometimes people do not feel well”
可知，人们感到不舒服时，医生和护士会让他们感觉好些。doctor“医生”，可数名词，此处应用其复数形
式表泛指。故填(d)octors。
26．句意：他们可以帮助人们修理坏了的自行车或洗衣机。根据首字母及“their broken bicycles or washing
machines”可知，此处指修理坏了的自行车或洗衣机。fix“修理”，动词。help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，
动词用其原形。故填(f)ix。
27．句意：当人们不知道穿什么去参加聚会或如何设计他们的家时，艺术家会给他们一些建议。根据首字
母及“the artists will give them some…”可知，此处指艺术家会给出建议。advice“建议”，不可数名词，作
动词宾语。故填(a)dvice。
28．句意：一些大学生在业余时间做志愿者。根据首字母及“Some college students work as volunteers in
their…time.”可知，此处指大学生在业余时间做志愿者。spare“空闲的”，形容词，作定语修饰名词time。
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故填(s)pare。
29．句意：他们经常为老人打扫卫生，帮助学生做作业。根据首字母及“and help students with their…”可
知，此处指大学生会帮助学生们做作业。homework“作业”，不可数名词。故填(h)omework。
30．句意：它就像一个大家庭。根据首字母及“It is like a big…”可知，此处指社区就像一个大家庭。
family“家庭”，可数名词，被a修饰，用其单数形式。故填(f)amily。
（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整
地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Even though my grandfather was a farmer, my grandmother would iron his work clothes every day.
Grandmother mixed up her own starch (淀粉浆) in a glass b 31 with a metal cap that had several holes.
She sprinkled Grandfather’s jeans with the starch, hung them over a chair for a few minutes, and then i 32
them.
Because I watched her do this through my childhood, I thought every old woman did it. But as the years
passed, I began to question this p 33 . Why did Grandfather need his work clothes ironed? Most days, he
never saw anyone b 34 me and maybe a few other farmers. The clothes became dirty in just a short time.
Why did Grandmother s 35 devote time and effort to ironing Grandfather’s clothes that were rarely seen?
One day when I was about 13, I asked Grandmother about it. She told me Grandfather was the most
handsome man in the world. Later that day, I looked c 36 at Grandfather. He sure didn’t look so handsome
to me. He was short and fat with false teeth (假牙). Later I told her my thought.
She gave me a girlish smile and said, “You just aren’t looking in the right light, Cathy. I remember when he
had r 37 teeth. He has the most beautiful eyes I have ever seen. They are e 38 the same color as
the sky just before the sun goes down. I want the world to see my h 39 as the most beautiful man. I want
him to feel beautiful. I iron his clothes every day because for all these years, he has made me feel beautiful.”
The years went on, and I watched Grandmother and Grandfather grow old together. I was probably 30 when
I u 40 what beauty really was. It was Grandmother ironing Grandfather’s jeans with starch from a glass
bottle.
【答案】
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31．(b)ottle 32．(i)roned 33．(p)ractice 34．(b)ut 35．(s)till 36．(c)arefully 37．
(r)eal 38．(e)xactly 39．(h)usband 40．(u)nderstood
【导语】本文主要讲述了奶奶给爷爷熨烫衣服，在奶奶眼里，爷爷是世界上最帅气的人，很多年过后作者
才真正明白真正的美是什么。
31．句意：祖母在一个有几个洞的金属盖的玻璃瓶里把自己的淀粉浆混合在一起。根据“It was
Grandmother ironing Grandfather’s jeans with starch from a glass bottle.”可知是一个玻璃瓶，a后加可数名词单
数bottle“瓶子”。故填(b)ottle。
32．句意：她在爷爷的牛仔裤上撒上淀粉，把它们挂在椅子上几分钟，然后熨好。 根据“my grandmother
would iron his work clothes”可知奶奶给爷爷熨烫衣服，iron“熨烫”，本文时态为一般过去时，动词用过去
式。故填(i)roned。
33．句意：但随着时间的推移，我开始质疑这种做法。根据“I thought every old woman did it. But as the
years passed, I began to question this”可知作者开始怀疑熨烫衣服的通常的做法，this后加可数名词单数
practice“常规”。故填(p)ractice。
34．句意：大多数时候，除了我和其他一些农民，他从来没有见过任何人。根据“he never saw anyone...me
and maybe a few other farmers”可知是除了我和其他一些农民，他从来没有见过任何人，but“除了”。故填
(b)ut。
35．句意：为什么祖母仍然花时间和精力为祖父熨很少见到的衣服？根据“devote time and effort to ironing
Grandfather’s clothes that were rarely seen?”可知作者好奇为什么奶奶仍然花时间和精力为祖父熨很少见到的
衣服，still“仍然”。故填(s)till。
36．句意：那天晚些时候，我仔细地看着爷爷。根据“looked...at Grandfather”可知是仔细观察爷爷，修饰
动词用副词carefully“认真地”。故填(c)arefully。
37．句意：我记得他长着真牙的时候。根据“He was short and fat with false teeth”可知现在爷爷戴着假牙，
但是奶奶记得爷爷长着真牙的时候，修饰名词用形容词real“真的”。故填(r)eal。
38．句意：它们与太阳下山前的天空颜色完全相同。根据“the same color as the sky just before the sun goes
down.”可知爷爷眼睛的颜色和太阳下山前的天空颜色完全相同，故此处用副词exactly“确切地”。故填
(e)xactly。
39．句意：我想让全世界都把我的丈夫看作最美丽的男人。根据“as the most beautiful man”可知奶奶想让
全世界都把她的丈夫当作最漂亮的男人，husband“丈夫”。故填(h)usband。
40．句意：我大概30岁的时候才明白真正的美丽是什么。根据“what beauty really was”可知是理解真正的
美丽是什么，understand“理解”，根据“was”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(u)nderstood。
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(2023 中考真题）
（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
My parents got Arthur’s Family Laundromat (洗衣店) from my grandfather. It was a true family business. My
father, my mother and my aunt were responsible for different jobs. E 1 my retired (退休的) grandfather
helps with the cleaning now and then.
My father said that the most important machine in the Laundromat wasn’t the washing machine. It was the
coffee pot by the door. The coffee was free and almost every c 2 would have a cup and chat with my
family while waiting for their clean clothes. In the hours a 3 school or on weekends, it was my job to keep
the coffee pot full. At least ten times each day, I would clean up the wet coffee grounds (咖啡渣), weigh 40 g of
coffee beans, fill the pot with water, and turn on the coffee machine. It was such a b 4 job that I could
have done it in my sleep.
I remember complaining one busy day. “W 5 do we have to give away coffee? We’re a Laundromat,
not a coffee shop!” I said angrily. My father was surprised at my attitude. At once he s 6 what he was
doing to talk to me. With a patient but serious expression on his f 7 he spoke:
“Son, people choose our laundromat b 8 we serve them like friends. We offer them a cup of coffee.
We chat with them, laugh with them and connect with them. People don’t just need a p 9 to clean their
clothes. They need friendship. That is why your job is the most important job in the laundromat.”
My father’s words had the expected effect. From then on, I do the job more c 10 . After all, I had the
most important job in the laundromat.
【答案】
1．(E)ven 2．(c)ustomer 3．(a)fter 4．(b)oring 5．(W)hy
6．(s)topped 7．(f)ace 8．(b)ecause 9．(p)lace 10．(c)arefully
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者家的洗衣店提供免费咖啡，作者一开始向父亲抱怨，不明白为什么洗衣店要
提供免费的咖啡，理解了父亲的意图之后，认真对待冲泡咖啡的工作。
1．句意：就连我退休的祖父也偶尔帮忙打扫。根据“It was a true family business.”及“my retired (退休的)
grandfather helps with the cleaning now and then.”可知，此处强调甚至退休的祖父也在帮忙打扫，even“甚
至”，故填(E)ven。
2．句意：咖啡是免费的，几乎每个顾客都会在等待干净衣服的时候和我的家人喝一杯聊天。根据
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“waiting for their clean clothes”可知，顾客在等待干净的衣服时会和作者的家人喝一杯咖啡，customer“顾
客”，根据every可知，此空应填单数名词，故填(c)ustomer。
3．句意：在放学后或周末的几个小时里，我的工作就是让咖啡壶保持满满的。根据“school or on
weekends”及首字母可知，此处指在放学后或在周末，after school“放学后”，故填(a)fter。
4．句意：这是一件很无聊的工作，我睡觉的时候都能做。根据“job that I could have done it in my sleep”及
首字母可知，在睡觉的时候能做，说明它是一份很无聊的工作，boring“无聊的”，故填(b)oring。
5．句意：我们为什么要送咖啡？根据“We’re a Laundromat, not a coffee shop”可知，作者认为这是一个洗
衣店而不是咖啡店，不懂为什么要送咖啡，故填(W)hy。
6．句意：他立刻停下手中的工作和我说话。根据“what he was doing to talk to me”及首字母可知，父亲停
止了手里的工作，而来跟作者说话，stop“停止”，描述过去发生的事情，动词用过去式，故填(s)topped。
7．句意：他脸上带着一种耐心而严肃的表情说。根据“With a patient but serious expression on his”及首字母
可知，脸上出现了一种耐心而严肃的表情，face“脸”，故填(f)ace。
8．句意：孩子，人们选择我们的洗衣店是因为我们像朋友一样服务他们。空格后“we serve them like
friends”是解释人们选择作者家洗衣店的原因，故填(b)ecause。
9．句意：人们需要的不仅仅是洗衣服的地方。根据“People don’t just need a … to clean their clothes.”及首
字母可知，不需要仅仅是洗衣服的地方，place“地方”，根据a可知，此空应填单数形式，故填(p)lace。
10．句意：从那时起，我更认真地做这项工作。根据“After all, I had the most important job in the
laundromat”可知，听到了父亲的一席话，作者工作得更加认真了，此处副词修饰动词，carefully“认真地”，
故填(c)arefully。
（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。
Ali has worked and lived in Shandong Province for almost six years. When his friends suggested g 11
to Rizhao for a two-day trip, the first things that came into his mind were its beautiful beaches and nice seafood.
Rizhao certainly goes b 12 that! It is also “hometown of green tea” in northern China. Rizhao l 13
in the southeast of Shandong Province near the Yellow Sea. It has pleasant weather, rich soil, and enough sunlight.
All these make it s 14 for growing high-quality green tea. Ali had the chance to pick tea leaves for the first
time in his life. “This is the first time I’ve learned about Chinese tea culture. It’s a new and exciting experience for
me. It’s fantastic!” Ali said with a smile on his f 15 .
【答案】11．(g)oing
12．(b)eyond 13．(l)ies
14．(s)pecial 15．(f)ace
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【导语】本文介绍了阿里将去山东日照旅行，日照作为中国北方的“绿茶之乡”，其气候和地理位置非常
适合种植高品质茶叶。
11．句意：当他的朋友建议去日照进行两天的旅行时，他首先想到的是日照美丽的海滩和美味的海鲜。根
据首字母及“When his friends suggested…to Rizhao for a two-day trip”可知，此处指去日照。go“去”，动词。
suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填(g)oing。
12．句意：日照当然不止于此！根据首字母及“its beautiful beaches and nice seafood”及“It is also
‘hometown of green tea’ in northern China.”可知，日照不仅有美丽的海滩、美味的海鲜，还被称为“绿茶之
乡”，此处应为短语go beyond“超越”。故填(b)eyond。
13．句意：日照位于山东省东南部，濒临黄海。根据首字母及“Rizhao…in the southeast of Shandong
Province”可知，此处介绍日照的地理位置。lie in“位于”。本句陈述事实，故为一般现在时，主语是第三
人称单数，谓语动词用其单三形式。故填(l)ies。
14．句意：所有这些都使它特别适合种植高品质的绿茶。根据首字母及“It has pleasant weather, rich soil,
and enough sunlight. All these make it…for growing high-quality green tea.”可知，日照的气候和地质使其特别
适合种植高品质绿茶。special“特别的”，形容词，作宾补。故填(s)pecial。
15．句意：“这是我第一次了解中国茶文化。这对我来说是一次新的、激动人心的经历。太棒了！”阿里
笑着说。根据首字母及“Ali said with a smile on his…”可知，阿里的脸上带着笑容。face“脸”，名词，由
“his”可知，用其单数形式。故填(f)ace。
（2023·广东广州·统考中考真题）
阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。
Today is Duanwu Jie, or Dragon Boat Festival, one of the most important festivals in China. Chinese people r
16 the great patriotic poet (爱国诗人) Qu Yuan by rowing dragon boats and making zongzi on this day.
My village is famous for its great protection of traditional c 17 and we have the best dragon boat race
team of the city. Every year, villagers raise our dragon boats from under the river about a month before the festival.
And then it is c 18 cleaned and repainted. Our dragon boat is already 40 years old. Made of a special kind
of wood, it is still strong enough to l 19 for a long time.
This year, my elder brother is accepted into our dragon boat race team as its youngest member. He’s only 18,
and I’m so p 20 of him.
【答案】16．(r)emember 17．(c)ulture/(c)ustoms 18．(c)arefully/(c)ompletely/(c)autiously 19．
(l)ast 20．(p)roud
【导语】本文主要介绍了端午节的庆祝活动以及作者村庄每年都会赛龙舟。
16．句意：中国人民在这一天划龙舟、包粽子，纪念伟大的爱国诗人屈原。根据“great patriotic poet (爱国
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诗人) QuYuan by rowing dragon boats and making zongzi on this day.”可知是指人们通过这些方式纪念屈原，
remember“纪念”，是动词，此处是描述事实，应用一般现在时，主语是people，动词用原形，故填
(r)emember。
17．句意：我的村庄以其对传统文化/习俗/仪式的保护而闻名，我们有全市最好的龙舟队。根据“My
village is famous for its great protection of traditional”和首字母可知，此处可以指传统文化也可以指传统习俗。
culture“文化”，此处是不可数名词；custom“习俗”，此处名词用复数。故填(c)ulture/(c)ustoms。
18．句意：然后仔细/彻底/小心地清洗并重新粉刷。根据“Every year, villagers raise our dragon boats from
under the river about a month before the festival.”可知每年端午节前一个月左右，村民们就会把龙舟从河底升
起，结合首字母可知，然后应该是要仔细/彻底/小心地清洗并重新粉刷。carefully“仔细地”，
completely“完全地”，cautiously“小心地”，副词修饰动词。故填(c)arefully/(c)ompletely/(c)autiously。
19．句意：它由一种特殊的木材制成，仍然足够坚固，可以使用很长时间。根据“Made of a special kind of
wood”可知龙舟是由一种特殊的木材制成，很坚固，可以持续使用很长时间。last“持续”，动词，空前有
不定式符号，动词用原形，故填(l)ast。
20．句意：他才18岁，我为他感到骄傲。根据“This year, my elder brother is accepted into our dragon boat
race team as its youngest member”结合首字母可知，此处是固定短语be proud of“为……感到自豪”，故填
(p)roud。
（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整
地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Peter Pan wishes Wendy, John and Michael, especially Wendy, would stay in Neverland forever, but finally the
Darling children decide to fly back home and grow up.
“Quick, Tink,” Peter whispers. “S 1 the window. Then when Wendy comes back, she will think her
mother doesn’t love her anymore, and she will return to Neverland with me.”
Mrs. Darling is playing the piano. Peter didn’t know the tune, Home, Sweet Home, b 2 he knows it’s
saying, “Come back, Wendy, Wendy, Wendy.” Peter looks through the door and sees two big tears in Mrs. Darling’s
eyes.
“She loves Wendy,” he thinks. “But I love Wendy, too. We c 3 both have her.”
He looks at Mrs. Darling again. The two tears are still sitting on her e 4 .
“Oh, all right,” he says at last, sadly. Then he opens the window.
When Wendy, John, and Michael arrive, they find the window o 5 for them. They all get into bed to
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surprise their mother.
When Mrs. Darling goes back to the children’s room, they are all in their beds. They wait for her to say
something, but she says n 6 . She thinks she is dreaming. She sits by the fire.
The children are so w 7 . Why isn’t their mother happy to see them again? All three of them jump out
of bed, run to her and shout, “Mother!” She realizes she is not d 8 anymore. Mr. Darling and Nana come
in. They are all so happy. Peter w 9 them from the window but he is looking at something he will never
have.
Many years pass. When Peter visits Wendy again, she has g 10 up and has a daughter of her own.
Peter is still a boy who can’t grow up.
—Taken from Peter Pan
【答案】
1．(S)hut 2．(b)ut 3．(c)an’t 4．(e)yes 5．(o)pen 6．(n)othing 7．(w)orried 8．
(d)reaming 9．(w)atches 10．(g)rown
【导语】本文出自文学作品《彼得·潘》，讲述了小飞侠彼得·潘决定把朋友送回家的故事。
1．句意：关上窗户。根据“S... the window”可知，彼得想关上窗户，shut“关闭”符合语境，祈使句用动词
原形开头。故填(S)hut。
2．句意：彼得不知道《家，甜蜜的家》这首曲子，但他知道它在说：“回来吧，温蒂，温蒂。”。根据
“Peter didn’t know”和“he knows”可知，前后是转折关系，用but连接。故填(b)ut。
3．句意：我们不可能都拥有她。根据“She loves Wendy”和“But I love Wendy, too.”可知，他们都爱温蒂，
但不能同时拥有她，can’t“不能”符合语境。故填(c)an’t。
4．句意：那两滴眼泪仍然留在她的眼睛上。根据“two tears”可知，眼泪仍然留在她的眼睛上，eye“眼
睛”，用复数。故填(e)yes。
5．句意：当温蒂、约翰和迈克尔到达时，他们发现窗户为他们打开了。根据“Then he opens the window.”
可知，窗户是开着的，open“打开的”，形容词作宾补。故填(o)pen。
6．句意：他们等她说什么，但她什么也没说。根据“They wait for her to say something, but…”可知，她什
么也没说，不定代词nothing“什么都没有”符合语境。故填(n)othing。
7．句意：孩子们很担心。根据“Why isn’t their mother happy to see them again?”可知，孩子们是担心的，
worried“担心的”，形容词作表语。故填(w)orried。
8．句意：她意识到自己不是在做梦了。根据“All three of them jump out of bed, run to her and shout,
‘Mother!’ ”可知，孩子们去喊妈妈，让她知道自己没有在做梦，孩子们真的回来了，dream“做梦”，用现
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在分词形式与is构成现在进行时。故填(d)reaming。
9．句意：彼得从窗户看着他们，但他看到的是他永远不会拥有的东西。根据“but he is looking at
something he will never have.”可知，彼得在看着他们，watch“看，注视”符合语境，时态为一般现在时，主
语是“Peter”，动词用三单。故填(w)atches。
10．句意：当彼得再次拜访温蒂时，她已经长大了，有了自己的女儿。根据“Many years pass.”可知，温蒂
长大了，grow up“长大”，固定短语，grow用过去分词形式与has构成现在完成时。故填(g)rown。
（2023·天津·统考中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
A smile shows that a person is happy. For example, a person may smile when he or she is p 11 with
some progress in studies. Or a person may smile if a friend tells a funny joke. There are other good r 12 to
smile often.
First, it is e 13 to smile than to show unhappiness. In fact, it only takes 17 muscles (肌肉) to smile.
On the other hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness. So give the muscles in your f 14 a rest and
smile!
Second, smiles are nice. People may try to l 15 nice by exercising or wearing nice clothes. However,
people often say a smile is the best thing a person can wear. That is because it is easy to be a 16 someone
who is smiling and happy. Almost no one wants to stay with someone who is always unhappy.
Third, smiles have power (感染力). Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly s 17 from one
person to another. If one person smiles, people around him or her want to smile, too. Similarly, when a person
laughs, people tend (往往会) to laugh with him or her. If a person is s 18 , the best thing to do is to share a
smile or a laugh. It is the easiest way to cheer someone up.
F 19 , smiling and laughing are very good for the body. Even though you are sad, try smiling. You’ll
find that it will be difficult to s 20 sad for very long!
【答案】
11．(p)leased 12．(r)easons 13．(e)asier 14．(f)ace 15．(l)ook 16．(a)round 17．
(s)pread 18．(s)ad 19．(F)inally 20．(s)tay
【导语】本文主要介绍了对别人微笑的好处。
11．句意：例如，当一个人对学习上的进步感到满意时，他或她可能会微笑。be pleased with“对……感到
满意”，此处指对学习上的进步感到满意。故填(p)leased。
12．句意：还有其他的好理由经常微笑。根据下文内容及首字母r可知下文中介绍了微笑的理由，
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reason“理由，原因”，other后接名词复数。故填(r)easons。
13．句意：首先，微笑比表现不开心更容易。根据“In fact, it only takes 17 muscles to smile. On the other
hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness.”可知微笑比表现不开心更容易，is后接easy的比较级easier表
示“更容易的”。故填(e)asier。
14．句意：所以，让你脸上的肌肉休息一下，微笑吧！根据“In fact, it only takes 17 muscles to smile. On the
other hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness.”可推出此处用的是脸部肌肉，结合首字母f可知用face
表示“脸”。故填(f)ace。
15．句意：人们可能会通过锻炼或穿漂亮的衣服来使自己看起来漂亮。根据“by exercising or wearing nice
clothes”可知做这些是为了看起来漂亮，look“看起来”，不定式符号to后用动词原形，构成不定式。故填
(l)ook。
16．句意：这是因为我们很容易和一个微笑和快乐的人在一起。根据“Almost no one wants to stay with
someone who is always unhappy.”可知待在爱笑的人周围很容易，用around表示“在……周围”。故填
(a)round。
17．句意：微笑和大笑都能轻易而迅速地从一个人传播到另一个人。根据“from one person to another”可知
此处指从人到人的传播，spread“传播”，can后用动词原形。故填(s)pread。
18．句意：如果一个人悲伤，最好的办法就是分享一个微笑或大笑。根据“It is the easiest way to cheer
someone up.”可知要使难过的人高兴起来，is后接形容词sad表示“难过的”。故填(s)ad。
19．句意：最后，微笑和大笑对身体很好。根据“First ... Second ... Third ...”及首字母F可知此处用Finally
表示“最后”。故填(F)inally。
20．句意：你会发现保持悲伤很长时间是很困难的！根据“for very long”可知此处指长时间保持悲伤，
stay“保持，停留”。故填(s)tay。
（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar has 24 solar terms (节气) in a year. Ancient Chinese people created this
system to m 21 the change of time based on the sun’s position. In ancient times, this system guided
farming activities. It t 22 farmers what to do according to the changes in temperature. Today, 24 solar
terms still play an important role in Chinese people’s e 23 life. They remind people of the changes in s
24 and to eat suitable food. This ancient time system has gained new charm now. In Beijing 2022 Winter
Olympics, the director used a new countdown (倒计时) method, showing 24 solar terms instead of numbers. This
creative method was greatly p 25 by people around the world. They are amazed by the wisdom of Chinese
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people.
【答案】21．(m)ark 22．(t)old 23．(e)veryday 24．(s)easons 25．(p)raised
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古人创造的24节气以及这个古老的时间系统带来的新的魅力。
21．句意：中国古人创造这个系统是为了根据太阳的位置来标记时间的变化。根据“Ancient Chinese
people created this system to m...the change of time based on the sun’s position.”可知24节气是为了根据太阳的
位置来标记时间的变化，mark“标记”，动词，空前有不定式符号to，动词用原形，故填(m)ark。
22．句意：它告诉农民根据温度的变化做什么。根据“farmers what to do according to the changes in
temperature”可知24个节气可以告诉农民根据温度的变化来做事情，tell“告诉”，此处是说在古代的时候，
应用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(t)old。
23．句意：今天，24节气在中国人的日常生活中仍然扮演着重要的角色。根据“play an important role in
Chinese people’s e...life. ”可知是指日常生活，应用everyday life。故填(e)veryday。
24．句意：他们提醒人们季节的变化和吃合适的食物。根据“They remind people of the changes in s...”可知
是指季节的变化，season“季节”，可数名词，此处应用复数，故填(s)easons。
25．句意：这种创造性的方法受到了全世界人民的极大赞扬。根据“They are amazed by the wisdom of
Chinese people.”以及空处单词的首字母可知，这种创造性的方法被全世界人们赞扬。praise“赞扬”，动词，
和主语之间是被动关系，所以动词用过去分词，故填(p)raised。
20
