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2023 年高考英语语法填空解题技巧（原卷版）
目录
一、 解题思维导图..........................................................................................................................................- 3 -
二、 语法填空总述..........................................................................................................................................- 4 -
语法填空总述1.................................................................................................................................- 4 -
语法填空总述2.................................................................................................................................- 4 -
语法填空总述3.................................................................................................................................- 5 -
三、 有提示词..................................................................................................................................................- 6 -
一、有提示词解法思维导图...................................................................................................................- 6 -
(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词.................................................................................................- 6 -
（二）高频考点之二：名、形、副词性转换.............................................................................- 13 -
四、 无提示词................................................................................................................................................- 18 -
一、无提示词解题思维导图.................................................................................................................- 18 -
五、 动词的时态和语态................................................................................................................................- 32 -
六、 考试技巧................................................................................................................................................- 42 -
七、 高考真题分项演练................................................................................................................................- 45 -
2023年高考真题.....................................................................................................................................- 45 -
2022年高考真题.....................................................................................................................................- 46 -
八、 高考真题综合演练................................................................................................................................- 50 -
1. 2023年1月浙江卷.............................................................................................................................- 50 -
2. 2022年6月新高考1卷......................................................................................................................- 50 -
3. 2022年6月新高考2卷......................................................................................................................- 51 -
4. 2022年6月全国甲卷........................................................................................................................- 52 -
5. 2022年6月全国乙卷.........................................................................................................................- 52 -
6. 2022年6月北京卷............................................................................................................................- 53 -
7. 2022年6月浙江卷.............................................................................................................................- 54 -
8. 2022年1月浙江卷.............................................................................................................................- 54 -
9. 2021.6北京卷......................................................................................................................................- 55 -
10. 2021.6新高考一卷............................................................................................................................- 56 -
11. 2021.6新高考二卷............................................................................................................................- 57 -12. 2021.6全国甲卷................................................................................................................................- 57 -
13. 2021.6全国乙卷................................................................................................................................- 58 -
14. 2021.6浙江卷....................................................................................................................................- 58 -
15. 2021.1浙江卷....................................................................................................................................- 59 -
16. 2020.7海南卷....................................................................................................................................- 60 -
17. 2020浙江卷7月...............................................................................................................................- 60 -
18. 2020浙江卷1月...............................................................................................................................- 61 -
19. 2020全国1卷...................................................................................................................................- 62 -
20. 2020全国2卷...................................................................................................................................- 62 -
21. 2020全国3卷...................................................................................................................................- 63 -
22. 2020山东卷（新高考）...................................................................................................................- 63 -
23. 2020北京卷.......................................................................................................................................- 64 -
24. 2020.1上海卷....................................................................................................................................- 65 -
25. 2020.7上海卷....................................................................................................................................- 66 -一、解题思维导图
根据设题规律，可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表：
二、语法填空总述
语法填空总述 1
解题步骤（宏观思路）
第1步：分析词性（横线处应该填入什么词性。）
必须掌握四大词的相互修饰关系（动、名、形容词、副词）
（判断方式：句式结构；解题小公式）
第2步：第1轮解题
1、有提示词：（动名形副）
给出单词词性与需求词性相同→考本身
给出单词词性与需求词性不同→考转化
2、无提示词：R介词 □冠词 □连词 □代词
介词 空格前面有名词，且修饰前面的东西
冠词 一个/这个，那个，这些，那些
连词 从句，或逻辑连词
缺少名词 (填代词；或固定搭配)
第3步：第2轮解题（分析考点口诀后→继续解题或复查）语法填空总述 2
考点口诀
语法填空总述 3
解题小公式
① 名词短语：a/the + adj + n.
举例：a helpful student
② 介词短语：介 + n.
举例：on a table
③ 介词短语加长版：（公式①+②的混合）
介 + a/the + adj + n.
举例：on a big table
【说明】三个公式主要用于动、名、介、冠题。至于具体的运用，后面会有讲解，但是首先要把
这三个公式记住。三、有提示词
一、有提示词解法思维导图
(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词
【注】是指“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”这类题，五年来的高考题只考查谓语动词的时态
和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。1. 考查谓语动词
解题攻略
第一步：确定是否作谓语
首先，分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并
列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。
第二步： 若填谓语动词， 就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致：
①看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)；
②看“主语”定语态( 看主语是否为动作的发出者)；
③看人称和数， 确保主谓一致【例】 [2021·全国卷甲]The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived
China's long history. It __41__ (build) originally to protect the city 42.in the Tang dynasty and has now
been completely restored (修复).
分析：
第一步：确定填谓语。
分析句子成分可知，空处和“has now been completely restored”作并列谓语。
第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。
有时间状语“in the Tang dynasty”可知发生在过去，根据主语“it (the Xi'an City Wall)”与动词
build之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
动词（1-4个）
1、考本身：如果横线处需要动词，括号里给的也是动词，即考本身。需要进一步判断到底需要
谓语动词，还是非谓语动词。
①缺谓语动词，需要注意时态和语态（被动）的变化。
【注意】祈使句要用动词原形（2016年全国2卷唯一的一次）
②缺非谓语动词，需要确定是to do, doing还是done的形式。
【注意】 介词+doing是重点
2、考转化：括号里是动词，但是横线处需要其它词，即考转化
如横线处需要名词，需要把动词转化成名词。
动词题（考本身）解题法（总结）动词题（考转化）解题法
【出题方向】动词转化n.或adj.
【出题模型】（不用记，只需要理解）
① a/the + adj （do）+ n. (do)
② 介 + n. (do)
③ 介词+a/the + adj （do）+ n. (do)2．考查非谓语动词
若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动
解题 词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表
攻略 语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、
完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。
分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to
You don't have to run fast or for long __
run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意
__ (see) the benefit. You may drink,
可知应填不定式to see，作目的状语。第二
举例2 smoke, be overweight and still reduce
句中已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非
your risk of ____ (die) early by
谓语动词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句
running.
意可知，应填dying，作介词of的宾语。
Another reason for corn's rise: The
分析：句中已有谓语动词encourages，故空
举例1
government encourages farmers to grow
格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填
corn instead of rice ____ (improve)water quality. 不定式to improve，作目的状语。
分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语
China's approach to protecting its
动词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词while
environment while ___ (feed) its citizens
可知，“while ____ (feed) its citizens”为时
举例3 “offers useful lessons for agriculture and
间状语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻
food policymakers worldwide，” says
辑主语China之间为主动关系，故应填现在
the bank's Juergen Voegele.
分词feeding。
But my connection with pandas goes 分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词
back to my days on a TV show in the was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非
mid1980s, when I was the first Western 谓语动词。reporter与permit之间是被动关
举例4
TV reporter ____(permit) to film a 系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语
special unit caring for pandas rescued permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。
from starvation in the wild. 故填permitted。
分析：根据句子结构分析，句子有谓语be
If you find something you love doing
举例5 outside of the office, you’ll be 动词，固定短语 be likely to do sth ,考查不
likely____(bring) your work home.
定式。答案：to bring.
My ambassadorial duties will
分析：动词 include 在句子中做谓语. 用法
include_____(introduce) British Visitors
举例6 to the 120 - plus Panda at Chengdu and 是 include doing sth. 考查动词v-ing形式。
others at a research center in the misty
答案:introducing
mountains of Bi fengxia.
名词
1、考本身：单复数的变化 ( ★★★★★)
2、考转化：变成需要的其它词性
如friend，可能会变成： 。
考转化→变成需要的其它词性
如给出friend，根据句子需要就可能变成：friendly
...for most of us the___69___(change) are gradual... (2014 全国1卷)
Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and...... 2016全国1卷
Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work... 2016全国2卷
名词题解法：小公式解题形容词、副词
1、考本身：比较级或最高级。
2、考转化：形容词与副词的相互转化；形副与动、名词的转化。
考法举例
比如括号里给出happy，
①考本身可填 ， ；
②考转化可填 ， 。
考副词套路一
出题原理：副词可修饰形容词。
出题方向：在主系表结构里考查副词。
举例：
【原句】She is very beautiful.= She is extremely beautiful.
【出题】She is （extreme）beautiful.
【诀窍】要找到真正的主系表结构。
考副词套路二
出题原理：副词可修饰动词。
出题方向: “助动词1+助动词2+动词”中间加上副词
举例：
【原句】一直在跑
【加副词】一直在飞快地跑 have been quickly running 或者have quickly been running
【出题】have been （quick ）running 或者have （quick） been running
【诀窍】要能识别谓语结构，以及这种考题模型。
代词（特殊）
常考的代词包括：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，不定代词。
关于it和one （考的次数很少）
如果考it本身，很可能不给提示词！
如果考its，itself，就会给it提示词！1、给提示词（普通）
给1个词，在其余的4个里选。（如果给it，在its itself中选。）
I me my mine myself
I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with __63_____ (it) choking smog. （2015全国卷）
A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It‘s ____49___ (I )”. （2014全国2卷）
（二）高频考点之二：名、形、副词性转换
词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据
空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非
谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志词
及语境确定比较级；三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词
的单复数。
如何判断是否考查词形转换
解题攻略 例
【例】 [2021·全国卷乙]It is different from traditional
•第一步：确定是否考查词形转 tourism because it allows the traveler to become
换： educated about the areas — both in terms of
geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and
提示词为动词， 如果既不是谓
often provides money for conservation and benefits the
语动词， 也不是非谓语动词，
________ (develop) of the local areas.
则考虑动词词性转换。
分析：第一步：确定是否考查词性转换
•第二步：确定转换为名词或形
容词： 提示词为动词，句子有谓语动词allows及并列谓语
根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分 provides可知，空格处既不是谓语动词， 也不是非
进一步分析，如果作动词或介词 谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。
的宾语、作主语， 动词常转换
第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词
为名词； 如果作表语或者定
语，动词常转换为形容词。 根据分析句子成分，空格在冠词the之后， 应填名
词。
1.动词转换为形容词：
①-able结尾的形容词accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担的起的
②v.＋ed/ing 转换为形容词
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
worry→worried 担心的
excite→exciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的
③v.＋词缀ive转化为形容词
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
④v.＋词缀-ful/less转换为形容词
cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thank→thankful 感激的
2动词转换为名词
①v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration n．庆祝
compete→competition n．比赛
pollute→pollution n．污染
educate→ education n．教育
②v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”
achieve→achievement n．成就
announce→announcement n．宣布
argue→argument n．争论， 论据develop→development n．发展
③v.＋-er/-or 转换为名词， 表示“人”
perform→performer n．表演者
settle→settler n．移民者
educate→educator n．教育家
direct→director n．导演
3.名词的单复数：
若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。
若有以下情况考虑名词复数：
①有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。
②名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。
③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词复数形式。
4.名词转换成形容词
提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。
注意名词变形容词的后缀
①n.＋-able→adj. honor→honorable
②n.＋-al→adj. nature→natural
③n.＋-ful→adj. colour→colourful
④n.＋-en→adj. wood→wooden
⑤n.＋-y→adj. wealth→wealthy
5.名词转换成动词
提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀①加前缀en-： courage→encourage vt.鼓励
danger → endanger vt. 危及；使遭到危险
②加后缀-en: strength→strengthen vt.加强
③加后缀-ize: apology →apologize v．道歉
6.填名词的所有格
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。
①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-'s。
②以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，形式为-s'或-es'。
7.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词
根据句意和前后逻辑关系， 确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀
(-less)变为反义词。
8.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级
①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时用比
较级。
②设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时用最高级。
③设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
“the＋比较级 ...the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……就越……”。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。9.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；
1．作主语：人称代词主格(I, we, you, he等)
2．作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me, us, him, them, it等)、名词性物主代词(ours, mine, yours,
its等)
3．作定语：形容词性物主代词(our, my, your, their等)
4．如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself, yourself, itself等)
5．填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
6．that，those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。
举例：
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than
non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke,be
overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regatesalstly cann't
make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking,
cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed
a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all
67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise，it's probably running. To avoid
knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills
and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and it's always 69 (energy).If you are time poor,
you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give
70 a try.
四、无提示词
一、无提示词解题思维导图“无提示词类”解题攻略
(一)高频考点之一：填介词
解题 当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。对介词
攻略 的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。
But my connection with pandas goes back 分析：考查固定搭配中的介词。go back
举例1 ________ my days on the TV show in the mid- to为固定搭配，意为“追溯到……”。
1980s, ... 故答案为to。
I was searching these three western 分析：search for意为“寻找”，为固定
举例2
lowland gorillas I'd been observing. 搭配。
When a new day breaks, the walls have given 分析： at the same time意为“同时”，
举例3
up their heat and are now cold enough to cool 是一个固定词组。故填at。
the house during the hot day; ________ the
same time, they warm up again for the night.
分析：乘坐交通工具可用by表达，而且
For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour
举例4 away ________ car and offers all the scenery
名词原形前不用冠词。故填by。
of the betterknown city.
举例5 But can uniforms help improve school 分析：名词answer与介词to连用，表示
standards? The answer this questionis not clear. “……的答案”。帮填to。
(二)高频考点之二：填冠词
冠词的考点归纳：
(1)定冠词的常考必备：
①定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“这 / 那个”之意，但语气较弱，可以和名词连用，
表示某个或某些特定的人或物。
②叙述上文提到过的特定的事物或上文未提到，但听话者一定知其所指。
③用于序数词、形容词的比较级、最高级以及形容词only，very，same之前。
④用于表示地球、宇宙中的独一无二的事物尤指各种天体或世界上比较有影响的物体名词前。
⑤用于表示具体的地点、方位，具体的时间或某天的一部分等。
⑥用于表示山川、河流、海洋、群岛、报纸、杂志、朝代的专有名词及由普通名词构成的专有名
词之前等等。
(2)不定冠词的常考必备：
①表示数量“一”，与one相近。
②用在首次提到的人或物之前，表泛指。
③用在物质名词、抽象名词之前，表示“一阵，一场，一种……”，也可以表示引起某种情绪的
事，即抽象名词具体化使用。
④用于be of a（an）+ n.结构中，表示“相同……的”。
⑤ 用于so / as / too / how + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词。⑥不定冠词a或an用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，表示“每一”之意，”相当于
every或one，但概念上没它们那么强烈。
(3)零冠词的常考必备：
①称呼语及表示头衔、职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，其前一般不加冠词。
②在as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词前不加冠词。
③专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前， 一般不加冠词。
【考例分析】
【例 1】After the new students are accepted, many colleges and universities offer instruction
program for them.
【例 2】Actually, many of the teachers can’t give students efficient way to deal with
reading.
【例 3】So generation after generation, there is no end to ______ number of people who can do
their part.
【例4】This is how the dog lost the game. He had come to _ ____ right place at the very beginning
but failed to find the bone because he only complained and didn't try at all.
【方法总结】1： 如何判断空格处应填冠词？
下列情况很可能填不定冠词：
(1)________+可数名词(单数)；
(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。
下列情况下很可能填定冠词：
(1)________ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指)；(2)________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；
(3)________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。
当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最
解题
高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在
攻略
一些固定搭配中的用法。
Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the
分析：考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top
gorilla, who begins screaming at ______ top
举例1
of her lungs. That makes her baby scream,
of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
and then a 400-pound male appears.
This included digging up the road, laying
分析：考查冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一
举例2 (lay) the track and then building a strong
个结实的顶，所以在 top前加the。
roof over top.
When we got a call saying she was short- 分析：joke为可数名词，意为“玩笑”，在
举例3
listed, we thought it was joke. 此处表示泛指，故填a。
分析：有些考生会认为honest是以辅音字母
On the other hand, as is known to
h 开头，而误认为要用不定冠词 a。实际
举例4 all, ______ honest man wins the respect of
上，判断是用a还是用an 的关键是看单词
others.
发音而不是看首字母。故填an。
分析：有些考生一看见moon，就认为这里
是要用定冠词the，而忽略了其前有形容词
修饰时，要用不定冠词。
【试题解析】表示独一无二的事物的名词前
There was ______big bright moon hanging 有形容词修饰时，需要用不定冠词a或者
举例5
in the sky, giving off a magic glow. an，此处moon前有修饰语big bright，因此
应用a。
【参考答案】a
【不定冠词提分秘籍】
不定冠词有两个，a 和 an。a用在辅音开头（不是辅音字母，是音标）的单词前面；an用于以
元音开头（不是元音字母，是音标）的单词前。如：a book, an apple；a university，an hour.
1. 用于泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
The village where I was born has grown into a town.
2. 用于第一次提到或出现的名词前，表泛指，不特别指明具体情况。
There is a cup on the desk, but the cup isn’t mine.
3. 用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。I have three books, and I want to buy a fourth one.
4. 用于形容词的比较级前，表示“一个更……的”。
If we sit near the front of the bus, we’ll have a better view.
5. 用于姓名、星期名称前，表示“某个名叫……的人，一个跟某人相仿的人，某人的作品、
发明”或“某个星期几”。
Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. 专家们认为这幅新发现的
油画或许是毕加索的画作。
6. 用于表示价格、速度、比率等的名词前表示“每一”。
He works eight hours a day.
7. 用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。
这类名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是
前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面要加不定冠词。具有此用法的名词有：success,
failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, pity, danger, comfort, honour等。
surprise惊奇 → a surprise 一件意想不到/令人惊奇的事
failure失败 → a failure 一个失败的人；一件失败的事
success成功 → a success 一个成功的人；一件成功的事
rain雨 → a heavy rain 一场大雨
注意：常考的不可数名词有：baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space(太空),
advice, word(消息), progress, information, news, equipment, wealth等。这些不可数名词一般不与不
定冠词连用。
8．用于短语搭配中
(1)“have/take＋a(n)＋与动词同形的名词”，表示动作的一次。
have/take a rest休息一会儿；have/take a look看一下；have/take a bath洗个澡。
(2)“go out for a(n)＋名词”，表示从事某项活动。
go out for an outing去郊游；go out for a picnic去野餐。
(3)习惯搭配中。come to an end结束；drop sb. a line给某人写信；at a disadvantage处于不利地位；in a way从
一方面说；in a word总之；in a sense就某种意义来说；on a diet吃特定食物；with a view to为了，
鉴于。
【定冠词提分秘籍】
1．特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，这是定冠词的基本用法
①The books on the desk were published last month.
桌子上的那些书是上个月出版的。
②The factory I mentioned has installed a new assembly line.
我提到的那家工厂已经安装了一条新的装配线。
③We were all lost in the beauty of nature.
我们都被大自然的美所陶醉。
2．再次提到前面已出现的人或事物，表示特指
①I met a friend in the street；he said he had been seriously ill.
我在街上遇见了一位朋友，他说他生过一场大病。
②He told us a story，but I was not interested in the story.
他给我们讲了一个故事，但我对这个故事不感兴趣。
3．指谈话双方彼此都知道的人或事物
We went to the station to see the manager off.
我们到车站为经理送行。
4．用在某些可数名词单数前，用来指事物的整体(总称)与其他事物的区别
①The telephone was invented by Bell.
电话是贝尔发明的。
②The elephant is much stronger than the horse.
象比马强壮得多。
5．用在表示某国人的名词前
the Chinese中国人；the French法国人；the English英国人；the Spanish西班牙人；the Dutch荷兰人；the Irish爱尔兰人；the Swiss瑞士人；the Japanese日本人。
6．某些形容词或分词前加定冠词the表示一类人(表示复数)
the homeless无家可归的人；the rich富人；the poor穷人；the blind盲人；the old老年人；the
young年轻人；the strong强者；the weak弱者；the sick病人；the wounded伤者。
7．在序数词前要加定冠词the(有时在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再次”“又一”)
She lives on the twelfth floor.她住在十二楼。
8．在形容词最高级及形容词only(唯一的)，very(正是那个)，same(同样的)等前加定冠词the
①This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
②He must be the only student who has ever been to the city in our class.
他一定是我们班唯一去过那座城市的同学。
③That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for.
那正是我要找的东西。
9．在表示一些独一无二的东西的名词前要用定冠词the
the earth地球；the moon月亮；the sun太阳；the sky天空；the universe宇宙；the world世界；
the air空中；the ground地面。
10．用于时间、重量等单位名词之前，表示每一个单位
①The boat is hired by the hour.
小船按小时出租。
②There are two or three apples to the pound.
每磅有两三个苹果。
11．在表示方位、方向的名词前用定冠词the
in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北方；on the right/left在右/左边。
12．在表江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前，要用定冠词thethe Yellow River黄河；the Rhine莱茵河；the Pacific太平洋；the Red Sea红海；the Himalayas
喜马拉雅山脉；the British Isles不列颠群岛；the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡；the Sahara Desert撒哈拉
沙漠。
13．用在逢“十”的数词前，指世纪的某个年代
in the 1980s/1980’s在20世纪80年代。
14．乐器名称前用定冠词the
She plays the piano best in her class.
她钢琴在班上弹得最好。
15．在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词the表示“……一家”
the Browns布朗一家；the Lis姓李的一家。
16．在“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表身体部位的名词”的固定结构中
hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸；take sb. by the arm/hand 抓住某人的胳膊/手；pat sb. on the
shoulder拍某人的肩；hit sb. on the head打某人的头。
本结构中不能用物主代词替代定冠词，常用于该结构的动词有 pat，strike，beat，hit，
catch，put，take等。
17．在短语搭配中
in the end最后；come to the point谈到正题；on the contrary相反；in the morning在早晨；in
the distance在远处；in the water在水中；on the subject of关于……的主题；on the air在广播。
【冠词词组分析提分秘籍】
英语中有不少词组，从形式看好像只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。
1. in front of 在……（外）的前面；in the front of在……（内）的前面
There is a garden in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一个花园。（外）
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有一块黑板。（内）
2. in charge of 掌管、负责；in the charge of 在……负责之下
An experienced worker is in charge of the project. 一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。
The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。
3. at table 在进餐、吃饭时；at the table 在桌旁
He seldom talks at table. 吃饭时他很少说话。
They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 他们坐在桌旁，边说边笑。4. by day 白天、日间；by the day 按日计
He works in an office by day. 他白天在办公室工作。
Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。
5. take place 发生、举行；take the place (of) 代替、接替
When did this conversation take place? 这次谈话什么时候进行的？
Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in our country. 在我们国家，电力火车已经
取代了蒸汽火车。
6. in words 用语言；in a word 总之
Please express your thoughts in words. 请用言语表达你的想法。
In a word, I don’t trust you. 总之，我不相信你。
7. at times 有时、不时；at a time 一次
I do feel a little nervous at times. 有时我确实感到有些紧张。
Pass me the bricks two at a time. 每次递给我两块砖。
8. little 少、不多的；a little 一些、一点儿
Hurry up, there is little time left. 快点，时间不多了。
Don’t hurry, you still have a little time. 不用急，你还有时间。
9. few 很少、几乎没有的；a few 有些、几个
He is a man of few words. 他是一个少言寡语的人。
Only a few of the children can read. 只有几个孩子会阅读。
10. a most interesting 非常有趣的；the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级）
This is a most interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。
This is the most interesting story of the three. 这是三个故事中最有趣的一个。
11. a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士；a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士
A doctor and nurse is standing there. 一位兼护士的医生正站在那儿。
A doctor and a nurse are standing there. 一位医生和一位护士正站在那儿。
12. a number of 许多、好些；the number of ……的数目（后面的谓语动词用单数）
A number of students are in the classroom. 许多学生在教室里。
The number of students in the classroom is forty. 教室里有40个学生。
(三)高频考点之三：填从属关联词当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填
解题
从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语
攻略
从句的关联词。
Two of the authors of the review also made
a study published in 2014 ____ showed a 分析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性
举例1 mere five to 10 minutes a day of running 定语从句，修饰先行词a study，并在定语从
reduced the risk of heart disease and early 句中作主语，故填that/which。
deaths from all causes.
Over time, ____ the population grew, people 分析：根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处引
举例2 began cutting food into small pieces so it 导时间状语从句，表示“随着”或“当……
would cook more quickly. 时候”，故填as/when。
分析：如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就
举例3 His boss was____ angry as to fire him． 可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as
to...，所以，so是正解。
分析：审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引
He did not done_____ his father had asked
举例4 导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指
him to do． 物，所以是what。
分析：经过察看可以判断横线所在为定语从
Those_____ want to go to the village must 句的引导词，进一步视察可知先行词为
举例5
sign here． those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语
从句中做主语。
举例6 While they are rare north of 88°,there is 分析：设空处引导同位语从句，说明evidence they range all the evidence的内容，故填that；that在从句中只
way across the Arctic, and as far south as 起连接作用，不充当任何成分。所以填
James Bay in Canada. that。
连词题解题逻辑图
①主格 ②宾格 ③形容词性物 ④名词性物主代 ⑤反身代词
主代词 词
I me my mine myself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourself
you you your yours yourselves
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
they them their theirs themselves
代词注意：可以给提示词，也可以不给提示词
代词——给提示词
解题：四选一
代词——不给提示词
解题：填it（90%）或one
难点：如何判断此考点?
判断原理：代词是名词的替身。
两个条件
①首先判断：填空处需要名词。
① 有给提示词。
【快速解题】形式主语，形式宾语和强调句中的it
没有提示词的情况：
（1）名词前面一般用冠词或介词等。
【注】固定搭配 as a result等
As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. （2017
全国1卷）
（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等。
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64 even a few months.（2014全国一）
There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___62____ some of them looked very anxious（2014
全国二）
（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入连词:what,which, who, how,
when等。
比如宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分
析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词（状语从句的连接词：when,if ,unless, though,because,until等）
Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy. 2014全国一
Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries 2018浙江卷
I didn’t understand __20__ this would happen... 2014广东
Raise your leg and let 65 stay in the air for seconds. 2014天津
Many westerners 57 who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize
how cheap 58 can be to eat out.
代词题总结
五、动词的时态和语态
命题规律
时态与语态一直是热点，也是广大考生复习备考的难点。考纲要求考生应该具备较强的语
言应用能力，能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态；熟练掌握常见的 8种时态，弄清
16种时态，同时还要熟练运用特殊时态句式和用法以及不用被动式但表示被动的动词和短语。高
考对时态的考查非常灵活且难度较大，不易把握。大部分时态题答案的选择取决于语境；但也有
部分时态试题较易把握，其用法相对固定，常见于特定句式结构中；还有部分常见时态用法特殊。
时态和语态高考常考点：
（1）一般现在时考点分析：①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）。
②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动
词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、
taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。
④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由 if 引导的条件状语从句
中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。
⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、cl
ose、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。
当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。
（2）一般过去时的考点分析：
①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用
（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的
事通常用过去式。
②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动
词连用过去式。
③表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常用用一般过去时。
（3）一般将来时考点分析：
①表示未来的动作或状态常用 will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如
tomorrow、next week等）。
②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最
近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示
未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主
句中；而will则能，表意愿。be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、
命令、禁止，可能性等。be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语
从句。（4）现在进行时考点分析：
①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的
安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。
②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。
（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind,
wish, agree, mean, need。
（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。
（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。
（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
（5）过去完成时考点分析：
①常用过去完成时的几种情况：
（A）在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语
或从句以前发生的动作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train
had left before we reached the station.
(B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用 had hoped / planned / meant /
intended/though / wanted / expected 等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：
hoped / planned … + to have done。
(C)“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”
在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10
years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.
（D）表示“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分
词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus
started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.②在before或after引导的时间
状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。
（6）过去将来时考点分析。参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去
将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do
sth.表过去将来。
（7）过去进行时考点分析。①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。
②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。
（8）现在完成时考点分析。
①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during
/ in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
②下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句；This(That / It)is the
first(second…)time that + 完成时；This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时；This(that / It)is
the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时。
③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。
（9）被动语态考点分析：被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become +
过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强
调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。使用被动语态时应注意的几个问
题：
①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。
②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。
③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。
④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，
只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。
⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语
态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真
正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。
【考例分析】
【例1】He ______ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.
【例2】Where men control the household, less money ______ (spend) on healthcare and food, which results in
poorer health for children.【例 3】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen.
Suddenly, he ______ (find) that he has run out of salt.
【例4】In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It ____(be)
unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. [2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]
【例5】One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop . . . . . . A boy on a bike __65__(catch) my attention.
[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ]
【例6】Jonny：Be patient！Tai Chi ____(call) “shadow boxing” in English. [2014·辽宁卷]
is called 考查被动语态。这句话的意思是：太极在英语中被称为是shadow boxing，这里用一般
现在时的被动：is called。
【例7】 He walked in as if he ____ (buy) the school. [2012·广东卷]
【例 8】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the
kitchen .Suddenly, he _______ (find)that he had run out of salt.
非谓语动词
命题规律
非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语
法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点。 考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们
在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成
分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。
非谓语动词高考常考点：
（1）非谓语动词的时态和语态
主动形式 被动形式
动词不
一般式 to do to be done
定式
进行式 to be doing
to have been
完成式 to have done
done
to have been
完成进行式
doing
一般式 doing being done
动词－
ing
having been
完成式 having done
形式
done
过去分词 只有一种形式done
（2）非谓语动词作状语
①不定式作状语：a.作目的状语，有时用in order to或so as to。b. 作结果状语，常用结构
enough to，too...to...，only to等。c. 作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad，
happy，frightened，surprised等。d. 在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”的结构中，常用主动形式
表示被动含义。
②动词－ing形式(现在分词)作状语：a. 动词－ing形式(现在分词)作状语时与谓语动词所表
示的动作同时或几乎同时发生，having done表示先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生的动作。b. 动词
－ing形式(现在分词)可作时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果、让步等状语。
③过去分词作状语：a. 过去分词作状语时与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动
作发生。b. 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时作状语时相当于形容词作状语。
④不定式与动词－ing形式(现在分词)作结果状语的比较：不定式作结果状语表示意想不到的
结果；而动词－ing形式(现在分词)作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。
⑤动词－ing形式(现在分词)与过去分词作状语的比较：作状语时，是用动词－ing形式(现在
分词)还是过去分词，取决于该动词与主语之间的关系，若为意义上的主动关系，则用动词－ing形式(现在分词)；若为动宾关系，则用过去分词。
（3）非谓语动词作定语
①不定式作定语：a. 不定式作定语时与所修饰的词之间存在动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词
是不及物动词，一般要跟相应的介词。但是，如果不定式修饰的名词是 time，place，way等，不
定式后面的介词习惯省去。b. 若名词前有序数词、最高级或no，all，only等修饰，后面一般用
不定式作定语。c. 用来修饰抽象名词时常用不定式作定语，常见的有ability，chance，attempt，
warning等。
②动词－ing形式(现在分词)作定语：动词－ing形式(现在分词)作定语时与它修饰的名词之间
为逻辑上的主谓关系，表示动作的主动和进行。
③过去分词作定语：过去分词作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示动作
的被动和完成。
（4）非谓语动词作宾语(主语)补足语：
①不定式作宾补：a. 常跟不定式作宾补的动词有 advise，allow，ask，tell，teach，
encourage，cause等。b. 感官动词和使役动词后面作宾补的不定式不带to，但变为被动语态，作
主补的不定式需带 to。常见的词有：一感觉：feel；二听：listen to，hear；三使：let，have，
make；四看：see，watch，notice，observe等。另外，help后作宾补的不定式符号to可有可无。c.
下列结构中用不定式作主补，例如be said/reported/believed/considered to等。
②动词－ing形式(现在分词)作宾补：动词－ing形式(现在分词)作宾补时强调宾语发出的动作
正在进行。常见带有这种复合宾语的动词有：六让：make，let，have，get，keep，leave；三看：
look at，see，watch；两听：listen to，hear；一注意：notice；一发现：find；一感觉：feel等。
③过去分词作宾补：过去分词作宾补时其动词形式与宾语发出的动作有逻辑上的被动关系，
且表示完成。
（5）非谓语动词作宾语：
①有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语，常见的有 agree，afford，decide，determine，expect，
hope，manage，refuse，offer，pretend，wish，promise等。
②有些动词或短语只能跟动词－ing 形式(动名词)作宾语，常见的有 admit，appreciate，
avoid，consider，delay，dislike，escape，excuse，imagine，mind，miss(错过)，risk，suggest, be
used to(习惯于)，can't stand(无法忍受)，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote to，stick to，object to，get down to等。
③有些动词既可跟不定式又可跟动词－ing形式(动名词)作宾语，意义区别不大，但表示经常
性的动作常用动词－ing形式(动名词)，表示具体的动作常用不定式，常见的有begin，start，
continue，like，love，prefer等。
④有些动词或短语既可跟不定式又可跟动词－ing形式(动名词)作宾语，但意义有着明显的区
别，常见的有：forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)；forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)；
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)；remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)；try to do sth.
尽力去做某事；try doing sth. 试着做某事；regret to do sth. 对即将做的事感到遗憾(未做)；regret
doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔(已做)；stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事(此处不定式作状语)；
doing sth. 停止做某事；mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味着做某事；go on to do
sth. 继续做另一件事；go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事；can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事；
can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
⑤动词need，want，require后跟doing作宾语时，主动形式表示被动含义，另外 be worth
doing也是主动表示被动。
⑥介词后一般跟动词－ing形式(动名词)作宾语，但but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前面有
实义动词do则不带to，反之则带to。
⑦动词如find，feel，expect，think，consider，make等词后接不定式作宾语，宾语后跟形容
词或名词作宾补，此时要用it作形式宾语。
⑧某些动词跟动词－ing 形式(动名词)作宾语，但需跟不定式作宾补，常见的有 allow，
permit，forbid，advise，consider等。
（6）非谓语动词作主语和表语：
①不定式与动词－ing形式(动名词)作主语和表语的区别：不定式表示某一具体的，尤其是未
发生的动作；动词－ing形式(动名词)表示抽象的、泛指的动作。作主语时常用it作形式主语而把
不定式或动词－ing形式(动名词)置后。
②过去分词与动词－ing形式(现在分词)作表语的区别：两者作表语时基本都是已经形容词化
的动词－ing形式(动名词)或过去分词，此时表示“令人……的”用动词－ing形式(现在分词)；表
示“感到……的”用过去分词。
【考例分析】【例1】It is so dangerous that our guides will have guns (scare) the animals away if they come
too near.
【例2】H The next day, a man named Zhi Sou saw them working and tried to stop them, ______ (say),
“You are silly!...”
【例3】Later, ______ (move) by Yu Gong, the God of the Heavens ordered another god to take the two
big mountains away.
【例4】But she is thinking of (switch) to a different way of transport--a bicycle．
【方法总结】如何判断空格处应填非谓语动词？
(1) 正确判断非谓语动词。句子按照结构可分为三类，即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复
合句都需要连词来引导，如果句子中出现了连词，应选谓语动词形式；如果两个结构中未出现连
词，则考虑用非谓语动词。
(2) 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。
确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词
特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被
动。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致，找不到其逻辑主语时，整个句
子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正
确选择非谓语动词形式的保证，不管是作什么成分的非谓语动词都具有以下特点：
1．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，可用现在分词；
2．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，可用过去分词。
(3)正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序
非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点，也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词，我们用时态来表示
动词发生的时间；对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间
是一个相对时间，即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时
间的含义。如to have done，having done表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生；to be doing，doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
情态动词和虚拟语气
命题规律
情态动词和虚拟语气考点，是英语高考中的必考点。在高考中主要考查点有：情态动词的基本用
法、情态动词表推测的用法、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法、虚拟条件句的用法、虚拟语气在名
词性从句中的用法、时间错综的虚拟条件句等。
情态动词和虚拟语气高考常考点：
情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中占的比重一直比较稳定,每年总有一至两个题,可以单独
考查,也可以结合虚拟语气考查。命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考生对
情态动词的理解和掌握,难度也保持较为稳定的趋势。其考点主要包括：
1、考查情态动词的基本用法。如：can和could的用法及区别；will和would的用法及区别；must
的用法；shall用于不同人称时的用法和should的各种用法；need的用法等。
2、考查情态动词的“推测”功能。如：can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时
要注意以下几点：（1）注意语气。语气较强用must, cannot，couldn’t；语气较弱may，might或
can，could；（2）注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must；在否定句，疑问句中常用
can，could；（3）注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词+ 动词原
形”结构；表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词+进行体”结构；表
示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词+完成体”结构。
3、考查情态动词的特殊用法。如：
（1）cannot ／can't 与too／over（‐)／enough ／perfectly ／sufficiently 等词连用，意为“越…
越…”“无论怎样… …也不为过”、“决不会… …够(过)”。
（2）cannot wait to do sth意为“急于做某事”，。
（3）would 和used to的区别；can 和be able to的区别。
（4）“may / might well＋动词原形”意为“理应，有足够的理由”；“may/ might as well＋动词
原形”意为“还不如，不妨，还是…的好”。（5）must表示偏执型，意为“偏要”；“硬要”；can用在肯定句，可以表示客观上的“可能
性”；shall用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等；should表示估计或推测上的
“应该”，译为“可能，该，估计，按理应当”；will 可以表示习惯和倾向性，意为“惯于, 老
是, 终归是”等。
4、考查虚拟语气在各种从句以及隐含、混合等句中的运用。如：wish，as if/though，if only，
would rather，otherwise, without等。
【考例分析】
【例1】It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _______(do) it?
【答案】had done
【例2】If Mr. Dewey _____(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to
the people there.
【方法总结】考查情态动词和虚拟语气主要是借助情态动词考时态。
六、考试技巧
语法填空解题策略
1. 看到空格处修饰的是名词, 要想到用形容词。
2. 看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 要想到用副词。
3. 看到与than连用, 要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。
4. 看到and, or, but等并列连词前或后用的比较级, 要想到用比较级。
5. 看到语境中暗含比较含义, 要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。
1. 巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(doing);
(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(done);
(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的
结果等, 要想到用不定式形式(to do)。
2. 掌握非谓语动词的句型公式
It’s+形容词+(for/of sb. +)to do sth. ;It’s no good/use/pleasure doing sth. ;find/think/believe/consider+it+
adj. +to do sth. 。
3. 牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词
4. 巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词
(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓语
动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等;
(2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非谓语
动词。
非谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式。
1. 确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。
2. 关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么”的原则
(1)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that; 非限制性定语从句中
用who。
(2)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom; 非限制性定语
从句中用whom。
(3)如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定
语从句用which。
(4)如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 则用when或where; 如果
缺少主语或宾语, 则用that或which。
(5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人, 则关系词用whom; 如果先行词指物,
则用which。语法填空解题策略 名词性从句做题两步骤
第1步判断是否属于名词性从句;
第2步判断名词性从句中的连接词;若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语, 用连接代词; 若缺少状语就
用连接副词; 如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整, 是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且
意思完整用that。
【关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略
1. 完整的句子中, 如果两个单词或短语并列, 要填并列连词;
2. 若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号, 也没有连词, 空格处必定填连词;
3. 牢记特殊句式中连词的运用;
4. 全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词, 熟悉它们的用法;
5. 准确判断主从句的逻辑关系, 同时要注意区分易混词。
语法填空解题策略
建议今后注意一下强调句型。 在未来考试中可能考查到。
其考查点有:
(1)强调句型用于强调陈述句;
(2)强调句型用于强调一般疑问句;
(3)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句;
(4)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句用在宾语从句的语序;
(5)强调句型用于强调not. . . until. . . 句型。
七、高考真题分项演练
2023 年高考真题
1. （广东第二师范学院番禺附属中学 2022-2023年高二上学期开学考试）A child born in the
US today has ___________very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to planaccordingly.
2. （江苏省淮安市淮海中学 2022-2023 学年高二上学期收心考试）For example, in the US,
there has been a push to get more girls interested in such subjects at ___________ early age.
3. （辽宁师范大学附属中学 2022-2023 学年高二上学期开学考试）Famous actor Matthew
Broderick was caught (catch) up in a bad collision when he rented ___________vehicle in
Ireland because he forgot that they drive on the opposite side of the road.
4.
（山东省山东师范大学附属中学 2022-2023学年高二上学期开学考试）This is a primary
school in Finland. The students at the school are having a math class with their robot teacher.
The “teacher” is ___________ small, blue machine about 25cm high, Reuters reported.
5.
（山东省山东师范大学附属中学 2022-2023 学年高二上学期开学考试）Then clay
characters were set on ___________ iron plate according to the text of a book.
6.
（重庆市南开中学校 2022-2023 学年高二上学期培优班开学考试）I enquired and found
that he was no more. He died ___________very night we both met last.
2022 年高考真题
7. （2022年新高考1卷）
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and
animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.8. （2022新高考I卷）
Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one
of the first national parks in the country.
9.
（2022全国甲卷）
He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in
five months.
10. （2022全国甲卷）
____________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
11.
（2022全国乙卷）
To celebrate ___________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum
in Beijing on Thursday.
12. （2022全国乙卷）
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the
United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
2021年高考真题
1.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is 10 must to visit!
2.（2021.6 新高考 1 卷 语法填空）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will
remind you how tiny we 2 (human) are.
3.（2021.6 全国甲卷 语法填空）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at thedifferent gates and 9 (watchtower) to take pictures...
4.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）. 9 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远
足） and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
5.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never
disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in 9 (I).
6. （2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their
height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
7.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）It took us about 3 hours to go all 8 way around the Xi'an City
Wall.
8.（2021.6 全国乙卷 语法填空）Due to 5 growing popularity of environmentally-related and
adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-
friendly trip must meet the following principles:
9.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空） 9 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in
1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.
10.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空） In 1844 they bought it for＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles
Dresser, who performed their 3 (marry) ceremony in 1842.
11..（2021.6 全国乙卷 语法填空） Ecotourism has 3 (it) origin with the environmentalmovement of the 1970s.
12.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler
to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural
characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 2 (develop) of the local
areas.
13.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空） She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection
of 6 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order."
4.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）It was built originally to protect the city 2 the Tang dynasty
and has now been completely restored（修复）.
2.（2021.6 全国乙卷 语法填空）Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and
adventure travel, various types 6 trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
3.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI
increased 5 2.1 in women and men.
4.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空） In 1844 they bought it 2 ＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles
Dresser...
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to
scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side.2.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69 ice and other
treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base
are practical.
3.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the
winter season and the beginning of spring.
4.（2020·山东卷语法填空）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations
(模拟) and imagine 42 ． (they) living at a different time in history or 43 （ walking ）
(walk)through a rainforest.
5.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol
of good fortune and wealth.
6.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 ．
earth, Mother Nature.
7.（2020·山东卷语法填空）Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with
other amusements.
8.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control
the world they lived 56 ． ，through agriculture.56．
八、高考真题综合演练
1. 2023 年 1 月浙江卷
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____56____ arranged theresidential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, ____57____ (original)meaning “water well”
in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____58____ (surround)in concentric(同心
的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live
closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen
often ____60____ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they
formed were orderly, lined by ____61____ (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived
the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____62____ (simple)in design and
decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history
____63____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic
____64____ (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the
Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____65_____ culture of grassroots
Beijingers.
2. 2022 年 6 月新高考 1 卷
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP).
___56___ (cover)an area about three times ___57___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will
be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of
areas that ___58___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant
pandas under one authority ___59___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in
management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___60___
(design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural
ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___61___ leaving
behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve
connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___63___
(eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of
plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide
stronger protection for all the species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly
improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
3.
2022 年 6 月新高考 2 卷
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a
sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence,
and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and
doctors say he'll be OK.
___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident,
Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___38___ (sleep) while
watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the
balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___40___ (accidental )
slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ___41___ screamed for his father, but his
father didn't hear him.
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from
the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
4.
2022 年 6 月全国甲卷
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step
___61___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age ofeight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road
Forum for International Cooperation ___63___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by
hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be
his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___
(protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them
collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he
reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4,
700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____70____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in
five months.
5. 2022 年 6 月全国乙卷
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the
United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___62___ festival, a number of events took place
at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___63___ (address) the opening ceremony.
“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___64___ (large) tea-
producing country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the
healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___66___ (share)
future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony
calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation
___67___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also
issued in accordance with the initiative.
___68___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public
promotional activities on social media, ___69___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around theworld to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
,
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony opening
_____70_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
6. 2022 年 6 月北京卷
A
Helen was walking down the street late 11 the evening, her arms filled
with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of
her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might
have an intention 12 (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man 13
(catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
B
Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly
14 (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to
explain how we determine 15 smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This
has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 16
(have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can
raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
C
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for 17 (they), they get takeout or
order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially
plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 18 are only good
for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even 19 (bad). The use
of those plastics 20 (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive
if this situation continues.7. 2022 年 6 月浙江卷
To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a
painting ____36____ (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs
tell you not ____37____ (do). John Olson, a former ____38____ (photograph)and his team turn
paintings into fully textured 3D models.
The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to ____39____ blind because we don’t
see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s
adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize
shapes with their ____40____ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ____41____ (sight )people,
says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ____42____ age seven. When he felt a 3D
version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ____43____ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can
actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
For Luc, this means ____44____ (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it _____45_____
to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
8. 2022 年 1 月浙江卷
Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta ,is one of a small but
growing minority of academics 56 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate
change ,Travelling to conferences ,lectures ,workshops,and the like-frequently by plane 57 (view)as
important for scientists to get together and exchange information .But Cobb and others 58 (be)now
questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and
59 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis . On a
website called No Fly Climate Sci. For example. 60 (rough) 200 academics- many of them climate
scientists 61 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb ,for her part ,started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 62 she could do
so remotely ,about three quarters of 63 time,they agreed ,When the answer was no,she declinedthe 64 (invite) .That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%,and she plans
65 (continue) the practice .“It has been fairly rewarding.” she says .”a really positive change”
9. 2021.6 北京卷
A篇
Why do we dream? Scientists aren't completely sure, and they have diverse 1 (idea).
Dreams might be a side effect of memory making. When you sleep, your brain sorts through
everything 2 happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. As
it 3 (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.
B篇
Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主）, and he live streams himself just going about his
day. While riding his bike home 1 a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly
woman wandering the streets by herself. The poor woman wasn't able to give him any
information about 2 she lived. Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she
could 3 (safe) wait for the police to take her home.
C篇
There 1 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20
years, 2 (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the
United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around theworld, 3 (result) in USD2,970 billion in economic loss. Much of this increase can be due
to climate change. The findings show a critical need 4 (invest) in disaster prevention.
10.2021.6 新高考一卷
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and Winding
Road". 1 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of
clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It
will 3 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the
temperature gets, the 4 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's how nature is—always leaving
us 5 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be)
for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up
the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 7 offers a place where you can sit down to rest
your 8 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the
visitor's memory. It sure does in 9 (I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is 10 must
to visit!
11.2021.6 新高考二卷
I've always loved the ocean. In the____36____ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey
Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____
(think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____38____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at
schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a
company____39____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws（吸管）. I found the contact information of the company____40____ emailed its president. I told
him how ____41____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more
eco-friendly options. I was so____42____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make
sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest
companies I wrote to ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____44____ (represent)
wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____45_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its
1,200 daily flights.
（2021.6新高考二卷）
12.2021.6 全国甲卷
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history.
It 1 (build) originally to protect the city 2 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely
restored（修复）. It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see
streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it
was time for some action and what 5 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and
shaky 7 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 8 way around the Xi'an City Wall.
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9 (watchtower) to
take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10 (day) routines.
13.2021.6 全国乙卷
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact （影响）travel to undisturbed places. It is
different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 1 (educate) about theareas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money
for conservation and benefits the 2 (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 3 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely
accepted as a travel concept 4 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness
made it desirable.
Due to 5 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various
types 6 trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet
the following principles:
●Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place.
●Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
●Provide 8 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
●Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its
unique biodiversity. 9 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and
accommodations aim 10 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
14.2021.6 浙江卷
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home
in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the
publie. Beautifully restored（修复）tp its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary
Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 2 ＄ 1,200 and some land from
Charles Dresser, who performed their 3 (marry) ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much 4 (small) than it is today. Mary's niece wrote,
pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was
extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 6 (she), everything in good taste and in
perfect order."Although Mary loved flowers, 7 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A
long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's
sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 (plant) flowers in the front yard.
9 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their
growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected
President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their furniture.
15.2021.1 浙江卷
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index（体重指数）across 200 countries the scientists
found that people worldwide are getting heavier 1 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMT in
rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2 gives an indication of whether
someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height
in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 5 2.1 in women
and men. In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
The researchers described "striking changes" in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and
women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and
women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many
countries had narrowed 8 (sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9 (live) in the countryside,
including 10 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports
facilities.16.2020.7 海南卷
These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for
second and third graders 1 (begin) computer classes. At the same time, computer games are
becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to
develop 2 (education) computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological
know-how has become a 3 (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the
computer has become a common tool in most 4 (profession).
The Digital World is a set of volumes 5 aim to describe how digital systems influence
society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
Each volume in the set explores 6 wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of
major applications of digital systems, 7 discusses the influences they have on everyday life.
Because the number of possible topics 8 (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of
the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of
technology. Readers 9 (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the
guidance of 10 (we) Further Resources section featured in each volume.
17.2020 浙江卷 7 月
Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they
lived 1 , through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 2 could
be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person 3 hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise
more children. And, as more children were born, more food 4 （need）. Agriculture gave people
their first experience of the power of technology 5 （change）lives.
By about 6000 BC, people 6 （discover）the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later,
they learned to work with the 7 （ season ） , planting at the right time and, in dry
areas, 8 （make）use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉） their fields.This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with 9 rise of science, changes began.
New methods 10 （mean）that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these
changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers（化肥） have now totally
transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
18.2020 浙江卷 1 月
Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median （中位数的）
age of an American in 1950 1 （be）30—today it is 41 and is expected 2 （increase）to 42
by 2050. For Japan, the 3 （number）are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In
2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six.
This aging of the population is driven 4 two factors. The first is declining birth races, which
means old generations are larger 5 （compare）to younger generations, and so, on average, the
population become 6 （old）than before. This is 7 （particular）true in the US. The second
reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has 8 very realistic chance of
living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should 9 （place）on
longevity（长寿）. It isn't just that people are, on average, living longer. It's also that they are on
average healthier 10 more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume
more and in general be a boost to the economy.
19.2020 全国 1 卷
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned
Chang'e-4 probe （ 探 测 器 ） — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess
— 1 （touch）down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon's far side
is 2 （extreme）challenging. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a
probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3 it could send signals tothe spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 4 （interesting）to scientists
because it has a lot of deep craters （环形山）, more so 5 the familiar near side. Chinese
researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 6 （find）and study areas of the South
Pole-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists, " Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,
"because it 7 （ mean ） we have the chance to obtain information about how the
moon 8 （construct）." Data about the moon's composition, such as how 9 ice and other
treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 10 （it）plans for a future lunar（月球的）
base are practical.
20.2020 全国 2 卷
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 1 （celebrate）marking the end of the winter season and the beginning
of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 2 （carry）special significance.
They represent the earth 3 （come）back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 4 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
They make great gifts and you see them many times 5 （decorate）with red envelopes and
messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their "Lucky Bamboo" plants and you will see them often in their homes and
offices. 6 （ certain ） during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are
associated 7 health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 8 （care）for and make
great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms（梅花）: The 9 （beauty）long branches covered with pink-
colored buds（蓓蕾） make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 10 first to flower even as
the snow is melting（融化）. They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.21.2020 全国 3 卷
In ancient China lived an artist 1 paintings were almost lifelike. The artist's reputation had
made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait（画像） done so he called all great
artists to come and present their 2 （fine）work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was
sure he would 3 （choose）, but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief
minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could
learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 4 （curious）, the artist packed his bags and left. 5 he asked the villagers on
the banks of the river where he could find the legendary （ 传 奇 的 ） artist, they smiled
and 6 （point）down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 7 （find）the
well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 8 （gentle）along the river he was left speechless
by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in
many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft
clouds 9 （surround）the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled
（谦卑） by the greatest artist 10 earth, Mother Nature.
22.2020 山东卷（新高考）
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and
19th centuries, 1 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works
of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 2 until they died, and then it was
given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 3 (form) the
core collection of the British Museum 4 opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 5 (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small
part of a museum's collection 6 (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits,
visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 7 (they) living at a different
time in history or 8 (walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city'sViking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town.
Historical 9 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 1 0
people's spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and
arrange special activities for children.
23.2020 北京卷
Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food 1 （play） a big role in his
life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try, " he said. The first dish
Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver
says if you're 2 （luck） enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask
them 3 you can join in when it's possible.
B 篇
Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 1 （throw） away.
It takes them hundreds of years 2 （break） down. Many of these bags end up in the
ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over
time, the bags fall apart 3 countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some
of them. Now, lots of 4 （country） and regions are taking action to ban the sale of
such bags to stop people using them.
A piece of stone 1 （find）on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human
relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The
Neanderthals 2 （live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of
years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans,but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were 3 （smart）than the Neanderthals.
However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.
24.2020.1 上海卷
The Ball Game of Mesoamerica
The sport known simply as the Ball Game was popular across Mesoamerica and played by all the
major civilizations from the Olmecs to the Aztecs. The impressive stone courts became a staple feature of
a city's sacred complex and there were often several playing courts in a single city. 1 it is more than
just a game, the event could have a religious significance and featured in episodes of Mesoamerican
mythology. The contests even supplied candidates for human sacrifice, for the sport could, quite literally,
be a game of life or death.
The game 2 (invent) sometime in the Preclassical Period (2500—100 BCE), probably by the
Olmec, and became a common Mesoamerican-wide feature of the urban landscape by the Classical
Period (300—900 CE). Eventually, the game was even exported to other cultures in North America and
the Caribbean.
In Mesoamerican mythology the game is an important element in the story of the Maya gods Hun
Hunahpú and Vucub Hunahpú. The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and
the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) 3 they were
challenged to a ball game. 4 (lose) the game, Hun Hunahpús had his head cut off; a foretaste
of 5 would become common practice for players unfortunate enough to lose a game.
In 6 legend, a famous ball game was held at the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan 7 the
Aztec king Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin (r. 1502—1520 CE) and the king of Texcoco. The
latter 8 (predict) that Motecuhzoma's kingdom would fall and the game was set-
up 9 (establish) the truth of this bold prediction. Motecuhzoma lost the game and did, of course,
lose his kingdom at the hands of the invaders from the Old World. The story also supports the
idea 10 the ball game was sometimes used for the purposes of divination.25.2020.7 上海卷
One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world
today, 15, 000 years 1 it was first invented. Of course, these days, the bow and arrow 2 (use)
mainly in sporting events, but in some places it is still a means of killing animals for food.
In western Asia, another extremely important invention was born—the ability to produce pots. As
long as 6500 years ago, people were producing pottery, mostly plain and without designs, but the
technique has changed little since.
Some people say that the wheel is the single most important invention. Early examples from about
5000 years ago have been found in the forests of Europe. Around 1500 years later, the Phoenicians used
sand, limestone and sodium carbonate to produce 3 else we would be lost without—glass.
How many things do you lock with a key every day? Doors, cupboards? The car? We really don't
think much about them, 4 we? Well, the first example of a lock and key dates back to 2750 years
ago, in Assyria. This is a lock on a large wooden door in the palace of SargonⅡ.
Another amazing invention, probably 5 (take) by us for granted these days, is the skill of
knitting which first appeared in the Roman Empire, some 1700 years ago. The 6 (early) examples
are knitted socks!
Eye glasses developed from just one lens in a frame, like a simple magnifying glass, way back in the
13th century. In about 1290, the idea to put two lenses in a frame to sit on the nose was developed in
Florence. And, believe it or not, the modern contact lens is 120 years old!
Time flies and we spend a lot of time 7 (check) how much time we have left! This would be
impossible 8 clocks and watches, 9 are all around us: On walls. On our wrists, on our PCs,
and even on our mobiles and iPod's. The first pocket watch was invented by Thomas Tompion (1639—
1714) in England 330 years ago, and his watch-face design, with two (and sometimes three) hands
moving around a single dial, 10 (remain) largely unchanged in all that time.--- End ---
