文档内容
题型一 阅读理解(推理判断题)
目录
一 、考情概述.......................................................................................................1
二 、命题特点.......................................................................................................1
三 、选项特点.......................................................................................................1
四、链高考 · 真题探究.........................................................................................2
五、考法解题能力提升..........................................................................................7
六、 精选考点题型专练......................................................................................14
一 、考情概述
推理判断题在近几年高考阅读理解中的考查数量仅次于细节理解题,是历年高考英语阅读理
解的核心考点和命题集中点,考查方向以推断细节隐含意义为主。在阅读测试中属于深层次
理解题,它要求考生在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发, 运用逻辑思维,并借
助一定的常
识进行分析、推理和判断。其答案一般不会在原文中直接呈现,要把文章提供的信息进行分
析、提炼和归纳之后才能得出。
推理判断题涉及的范围很广,主要包括:推断细节隐含意义;推断文章出处或者读者对象;推断
作者的写作意图;对文章内容进行预测;推断作者或文中人物对某个人或事物的态度或评价等。
二 、命题特点
推理判断题涉及的文章内容可能是一句话或几句话,也可能是一个或两三个段落,甚至是整篇
文章,所以此类题目难度比较大,考生很容易失分。其设问特点为:
1.考查暗含的信息,文章中没有明说;
2.一般在文章中可以找到提示信息;
3.设问内容含义深刻,不像细节题那么直白。三 、选项特点
1.正确选项的特点
(1)在文章中可以找到信息支持,并且可以推断出正确选项。
(2)大多含义深刻,不是常识选项。
2.干扰项的特点
(1)颠倒是非:选项的结果与推断出来的正确结果相反。
(2)照搬原文:原文里有相关的直接信息,不需要经过推断。
(3)推理过度:把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化。
(4)无中生有:捏造原文中并不存在的信息,并以此作为依据进行推断。
四、链高考 · 真题探究
Passage 1 [2020全国Ⅰ,C]
语篇类型:说明文 主题:竞走运动 词数:303 难度:★★★
建议时间:7分钟
高考真题
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely
contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer
Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But
the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and
one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It's this strange form that makes
race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of
exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations,
race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per
hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than
running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says.
According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per
step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their bodyweight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are
uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the
ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the
sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or
experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
28.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs.
29.What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It's more popular at the Olympics.
B. It's less challenging physically.
C. It's more effective in body building.
D. It's less likely to cause knee injuries.
30.What is Dr. Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A. Getting experts' opinions.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach.
D. Doing regular exercises.
31.Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective.
C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
【命题分析】
▶素养解读
本文选材符合课程标准提出的关于"培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班
人"中对"体育"这一项的要求,引导考生关注体育运动,提高锻
炼意识,学会健康生活。文章对比分析了竞走与跑步,介绍了竞走相比跑步的好处,也指出了
其危害,引导学生辩证地看问题,培养思辨能力。这主要体现了学科核心素养中的思维品质。
▶试题分析
第29题是细节推断题,考生要在原文中找准关键信息点,再进行分析和推断。第31题是观点态度题,考生要在了解全文主旨内容的基础上,判断作者对竞走运动的态度。
庖丁解牛
▶重难词汇
demanding adj.费力的,需要高技能(或耐性等)的,要求高的
approximately adv.大约,大概 considerable adj. 相当大的,相当多的
consult v.咨询,请教
▶熟词生义
pound 常见义:n. 英镑,磅 本文义:v. 反复击打
▶词块积累
contribute to是……的原因之一 (be) associated with与……有关
▶难句突破
句式分析:moving at a pace of six miles per hour 是动词-ing短语作后置定语,修饰主语race
walkers,第一个which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰about 800 calories per hour,第二个which
引导的非限制性定语从句修饰running。
句意:根据大多数计算,以每小时六英里的速度移动的竞走者每小时会消耗大约 800卡路里,
这大约是他们走路燃烧的卡路里的两倍,虽然它比跑步消耗的卡路里少,跑步可能每小时消耗
大约1 000卡路里或更多。
解题思路
28.C 考查细节理解。由题干中的关键词"conditioned athletes"可将解题信息定位至第二段,
根据本段中的"But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most
of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times"可知,竞走者在
竞走时必须遵循一些特殊的运动规则,故选C。
29.D 考查细节推断。根据第五段中的"some of the injuries associated with running, such as
runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers"可知,一些与跑步有关的损伤,如跑步者的膝
盖(受伤),在竞走者中并不常见。据此可知,竞走不太可能导致膝盖受伤,故选D。
30.A 考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"anyone wishing to try race walking should probably
first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique"可知, Norberg博士建议任何
想要尝试竞走的人或许应该首先咨询下教练或有经验的竞走者,以学习正确的技巧,故选A。
31.B 考查观点态度。第一段总领全文,提出了竞走运动有利也有弊;下文主要对比了竞走运
动与跑步的情况。通观全文,作者既提到了竞走这项运动的好处,也指出了它的一些危害,故
作者对竞走的态度是客观的,本题应选B。Passage 2 [2018浙江,A]
语篇类型:说明文 主题:英国作家狄更斯 词数:314 难度:★★
建议时间:6分钟
高考真题
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People
had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in
1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in
its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared
without the names of the authors, often with something like "By a lady." Novels, for the most
part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and
publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and
their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral
touchstones. Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon (名人
堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a
numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were
published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to
name a half-dozen of them. It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from
all walks of life. It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.
But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever
know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.
But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own
culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
21.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A. They were difficult to understand.
B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless.
D. They were written mostly by women.
22.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress .
A. his reputation in FranceB. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication
D. his importance in literature
23.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer.
B. To introduce an English novel.
C. To encourage studies on culture.
D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
【命题分析】
▶素养解读
本文通过对英国作家狄更斯文学创作历程的介绍,让考生了解国外优秀作家及其背景文化,激
发学生阅读相关作品的兴趣,增加对世界优秀文化的理解和认同,并能够自主学习和领悟世界
文化的多样性和丰富性。本文还要求考生在阅读的同时,对篇章的写作意图进行分析和推理,
以此培养考生的逻辑思维能力。这主要体现了文化意识和思维品质这两个学科核心素养。
▶试题分析
第22题是细节推断题,考生要根据文章细节,通过语意转化和分析,才能得出答案。
第23题是意图推断题,考生要总体把握文章内容,才能推断出作者的写作目的。
庖丁解牛
▶文章结构
第一段:在18世纪早期的英国,由于多种原因,文学并不受人待见。
第二段:狄更斯死后,他被世人看作最早的专业作家,他在文学方面有着杰出的成就。
第三段:狄更斯的写作风格和特色造就了他文学界泰斗的地位。
▶熟词生义
plain 常见义:n.平原 本文义:adv.(用于强调)简直,绝对地
▶难句突破
句式分析:本句是一个主从复合句。要注意 as引导的是时间状语从句,而主句中的 and
important for our own culture是插入语。
句意:但是随着狄更斯200周年诞辰的到来,弄懂他如何让自己永垂不朽是有可能的,这对我
们自己的文化来说很重要。
解题思路
21.C 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly,immoral or just plain bad"可知,在18世纪的英国,小说被人们看作是愚蠢的、不道德的或者简
直就是糟糕的,故选C。
22.D 考查细节推断。根据第二段内容,尤其是"Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged.
Removing him from...the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa"可推知,狄更斯的伟大是不容置疑和
无可辩驳的,把他从英国文学的名人堂中移出,就如同卢浮宫把《蒙娜丽莎》卖掉一样。由此
可推断出,此处是在强调狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性。故选D。
23.A 考查写作意图。根据文章最后一段中的"No one will ever know…such a distinguished
writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches…a lasting one"可推知,作者写本文主
要是为了纪念伟大的英国作家狄更斯。故选A。
五、考法解题能力提升
考法1 推断隐含意义
【命题透视】 推断隐含意义是高考阅读理解中必考的考查方向,要求考生根据文章的
某个或某些句子、段落或全文所提供的信息进行逻辑推理,推断出作者没有明说的内容、可
能发生的事情或某事物的特征等,旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意思去理解作者的言外之意
的能力。常见设问形式:
1.What can we infer about...?
2.Which of the following statements does the passage support?
3.What does the author imply about...?
方法点拨
1.先跳读,找到相关信息点;
2.接着细读,理解相关信息点的字面意思;
3.再分析推理,在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,理解作者的言外之意,切勿拿文
章中非关键的细节内容作为推理的依据;
4.最后结合选项,找到与文章信息点所表达意思相近的选项。
So what's the solution(解决方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the
researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new
electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV
viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs anddesktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them.
【解析】 考查细节推断。根据所给材料中的"but the researchers also explored what would
happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one
function"可推断出,文章建议用多功能的新设备来替换老旧设备,即停止使用老旧设备。take
apart"拆卸";upgrade"使升级";recycle"回收利用"。故选A。
考法2 推断文章出处或读者对象
【命题透视】 文章出处推断题要求考生能够根据文章的特点推断文章的出处,该题型
在高考阅读理解中较常考查。读者对象推断题要求考生根据文章内容和措辞推断文章的读
者对象是什么人,该类题目在高考试题中较少考查。常见设问形式:
1.Where is the text most likely from?
2.From which is the text probably taken?
3.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
4.Who is the passage probably intended for?
方法点拨 文章出处推断题和读者对象推断题都要求考生有一定的常识,对报纸、杂志、
小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样在做题时才能根据文章特点选出答案。
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common,the market is growing forbiometric(生物测量)technologies — like fingerprint scans — to keep others out of private e-
spaces. At present,these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装
置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the
cadence(节奏)with…
…
31.Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook.
C. A novel. D. A magazine.
【 解 析 】 考 查 文 章 出 处 。 迅 速 浏 览 选 段 , 结 合 选 段 内 容 及 关 键 信
息"technologies""Researchers""device(装置)"可知,文章介绍的是一款新的科技产品,是典型的
科技类说明文;再结合选项可推断,这篇文章最可能出现在杂志上。故选D。
Luxury (奢华的)Costa Rica
This grand adventure through Costa Rica will offer the perfect combination of luxury travel
and thrilling encounters with the natural world. Travelers will visit the impressive Arenal Volcano,
the magical Monteverde Cloud Forest, and the mysterious Manuel Antonio National Park.
...
23.This passage is intended for .
A. English learners B. travelers liking adventures
C. exchange students D. senior citizens
【解析】 考查对象推断。根据选段中的"This grand adventure through Costa Rica will
offer the perfect combination of luxury travel and thrilling encounters with the natural world.
Travelers will..."可推断,本文是向喜欢冒险的人介绍哥斯达黎加探险之旅。故选B。
考法3 推断写作意图
【命题透视】 写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图及作者
运用某种写作手法的目的,在阅读理解中较常考查。这类题目要求考生不仅要理解文章的大
意,还要具备对作者阐述的内容进行分析和归纳总结的能力,因为作者一般不直接表明自己的
意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地向读者传达某种想法或观点。常见设问形式:
1.What is the purpose of the text?2.What does the story intend to tell us?
3.What does the writer of the story want to tell us?
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
方法点拨 推断作者的写作意图时,考生要综合考量文章的主旨和文体特点:
1.通过文章主旨来推断作者的写作目的。通常议论文和说明文的主旨在文章开头,用略读法
找出文章的主旨,可以快速推断出作者的写作目的。
2.通过文章的文体推断作者的写作意图。一般情况下,作者写文章的目的可分为三类:to
entertain readers,常见于故事类记叙文;to persuade readers,常见于广告类应用文或议论文;to
inform readers,常见于文化类、社会类、科普类说明文。
If you are a fruit grower — or would like to become one — take advantage of Apple Day
to see what's around. It's called Apple Day but in practice it's more like Apple Month. The day
itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October
around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To
people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in
supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of
classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it
doesn't taste of anything special, it's still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat's Head
which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best
varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect
soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your
conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed
fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately
gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try
visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.
31.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A. To show how to grow apples.
B. To introduce an apple festival.
C. To help people select apples.
D. To promote apple research.
【解析】 考查写作意图。通读全文可知,作者向读者介绍了一个节日——苹果节。故选
B。
考法4 推断观点态度
【命题透视】 观点态度推断题旨在考查考生是否了解作者或文中人物对某人/事物所
持的观点或态度,它要求考生具备在正确理解文意的基础上,对观点或态度倾向进行分析、判
断的能力。在高考阅读理解中较常考查。常见设问形式:
1.Which word best describes the author's attitude to/towards...?
2.What is the author's attitude towards...?
3.What does the author think of...?
4.How does the author feel about...?
5.What is sb.'s attitude to/towards...?
方法点拨
1.通过文章主旨推断作者的观点或态度。作者的观点或态度一般与文章主旨相关联,考生应
先通读全文,结合文章内容抓住文章的主旨,再结合作者提供的细节来判断作者的观点或态度。
2.通过细节描述推断观点或态度。观点或态度通常隐藏在对人物的语气、肢体动作、面部
表情或性格倾向等的描述中,或者隐藏在作者对文中事物进行描述时所用的词汇或句子中。
因此,考生要通过分析文中的用词、语气或对细节的描述等来推断作者或文中人物的观点或
态度。
3.牢记试题中常出现的表达观点或态度的词语。
(1)表示积极态度的词有:favorable(赞同的), supportive(支持的), approving(赞同的),
optimistic(乐观的),positive(积极的),pleasant(令人愉快的),humorous(幽默的),confident(自信的),
impressive(给人印象深刻的),beneficial(有利的), hopeful(抱有希望的),reasonable(合理的)等。
(2)表示反对、否定、批评等消极态度的词有:skeptical(怀疑的),disapproving(不赞同
的),critical(批判的),negative(否定的),doubtful(怀疑的),disappointed(失望的),pessimistic(悲观
的),opposed(反对的),uncaring(冷漠的),unwilling(不愿意的)等。
(3) 表 示 中 立 、 客 观 以 及 其 他 态 度 的 词 有 :objective( 客 观 的 ),factual( 根 据 事 实
的),uninterested(不感兴趣的), indifferent(漠不关心的), cautious(谨慎的),neutral(中立的),impartial(不偏不倚的),conservative(保守的),tolerant(宽容的,容忍的)等。
特别提醒 解此类题目时应注意:
1.要区分开作者的态度和作者阐述的他人的态度;
2.切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点或文中人物的观点;
3.要特别留意那些描写环境、气氛的语言以及表达感情、态度或观点的词语。
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.
Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and
coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The
Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to
reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
31.What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
【解析】 考查观点态度。本文是一篇说明文。经过几年的争议,黄石国家公园把灰狼重
新引入公园,以保持公园内的生态平衡。根据选段最后一句话中的"The Yellowstone wolf
project has been a valuable experiment"可知,作者认为这项工程很有价值,因此他的态度应当是
积极肯定的。故选B。
考法5 预测文章内容
【命题透视】 对文章内容进行预测要求考生根据语篇猜测下文可能涉及的内容或对事
件可能出现的结局进行预测,此类题目难度较大,在近些年的高考试题中较少考查。常见设问
形式:
1.What do you think will happen when/if…?
2.At the end of this passage, what might the writer continue to write?
3.What will the paragraph following the passage most probably be about?
4.Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph?
幻灯片52
方法点拨 考生做题时一般要通读全文,把握作者的写作思路、文章的篇章结构和末段含
义,找准段落之间的联系或事情发展的趋势,从而作出科学合理的推测。Bees play a vital role in the world. Unfortunately, bees are dying very fast.
The main purpose of keeping bees is to make honey. Honey, shockingly, isn't used for human
consumption; it is essential to the insects. Bees store honey in their hives(蜂箱) in order to have
energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives in the winter. They collect pollen(花粉)
which supplies protein for young
bees to grow.
According to honey.com, the production and quality of crops
as a result of pollination by bees have increased a lot. These insects are responsible for over 70
kinds of the fruits and vegetables we eat today, including apples, grapes, beans and broccoli(西兰
花).
So if they are so valuable to agriculture, why do they keep dying off? A key factor seems to
be pesticides(杀虫剂). Bees who
are exposed to pesticides suffer from the damage to their neurological(神经系统的) functions,
specifically to their memory or behavior. And that's why the majority of worker bees disappear
and leave behind a queen bee, plenty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining
immature bees and the queen bee. There are several other causes of the decline of bees, including
the destruction of natural habitat, like woodlands, forests and other habitats for bees. The climate
change is also a factor in the decline of the bees' population.
Actually, there are a variety of methods to help the bees' population grow. One way is to start
your own organic garden by planting bee-friendly plants. Pesticides are used in both industrial
practices and even in your home, so it is best to find organic seeds.
35.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A. Another way to save bees.
B. Other tips for choosing seeds.
C. More methods to plant green organic fruits.
D. Causes of the decline of the bees' population.
【解析】 考查预测推断。本文是一篇说明文,探讨蜜蜂减少的原因并给出增加蜜蜂数
量的方法和建议。第五段开头介绍有多种方法可以帮助增加蜜蜂的数量,第二句 "One way
is to start your own organic garden by..."暗示下文将介绍其他能帮助增加蜜蜂数量的方法。故选A。
六、精选考点题型专练
Passage 1
语篇类型 主题 词数 难度 建议时间
记叙文 父亲推着残疾儿子参加比赛 348 ★★ 6分钟
It’s been a long journey from 1962 when Rick was born as a spastic quadriplegic(四肢瘫痪
者) with cerebral palsy(脑瘫). Doctors told the young Hoyts that their son had no hope of a
normal life.
As Rick developed, his parents noticed he was far from a "vegetable" as doctors had called
him. "We could tell by looking in Rick’s eyes that he understood everything we were saying. We
taught him the alphabet and numbers and did a lot of reading with him," says Dick, the father.
Then with the help of the Tufts Interactive Communicator(TIC), Rick was able to use his
head movement to tap out words and phrases.
As Rick was tapping out his first words, his parents debated over what he’d say. To their
surprise, his first words were "Go, Bruins!" "We knew right then and there that he understood
everything, and that he loved sports and followed the game just like anyone else," says Dick.
When Rick was in high school he wanted to take part in a 5-mile road race and he did finish
the race.That night Rick tapped out a message that would change the course of his life. He wrote,
"Dad, when I’m running, it feels like I’m not disabled."
"That was a very powerful message for me," recalls Dick. He knew he wanted to loan Rick
his arms and legs so he could compete in races.
With the father pushing his disabled son in a wheelchair, the father-son "Team Hoyt" began
running races. Dick says that some people thought he was selfish, pushing his disabled son in
races. "They thought I was doing it for myself. They didn’t understand Rick was the one wanting
to race," he says.
Team Hoyt has completed to date over 1,075 running events including marathons and
Ironman triathlons(三项全能运动).
Rick was once asked if he could give his father one thing, what would it be? Rick responded,
"The thing I’d most like is for my dad to sit in the chair and I would push him for once."
1.What can be inferred about Rick as he grew up?A. He couldn’t see. B. He couldn’t speak.
C. He couldn’t think. D. He couldn’t hear.
2.What did Rick want to do when he tapped out the words "Go, Bruins!"?
A. Watch a game. B. Go traveling.
C. Run a race. D. Go to school.
3.How does "Team Hoyt" work in a running event?
A. The father and the son run together.
B. The father and the son run with the help of TIC.
C. The father pushes the son in a wheelchair.
D. The son follows the father in his wheelchair.
4.What Rick expressed in the last paragraph shows that .
A. he felt proud B. he was upset
C. he felt lucky D. he was grateful
本文主要讲的是残疾儿子想要参加跑步比赛,父亲为了儿子,用轮椅推着他参加跑步比赛
的感人故事。
1.B 考查推理判断。根据题干中的"grew up"定位到文章第二段,由该段内容可知Rick能看
能听能思考,又根据第三段中的"use his head movement to tap out words and phrases"可知,他只
是不能说话,故B项正确。
2.A 考查推理判断。根据题干中的"Go, Bruins!"定位到文章第四段中的"We knew right then
and there that he understood everything,and that he loved sports and followed the game just like
anyone else",由此可知,Rick热爱体育运动,像其他人一样关注比赛,故A项正确。
3.C 考查细节理解。根据题干中的"Team Hoyt"定位到文章第七段中的"With the father
pushing his disabled son in a wheelchair,the father-son ‘Team Hoyt’ began running races",由此可
知,父亲用轮椅推着残疾的儿子,父子"霍伊特队"开始了赛跑,故C项正确。
4.D 考查推理判断。 最后一段说的是:有人曾问Rick如果他能给他父亲一样东西,他会给
什么。Rick回答说他最喜欢的事情是让他爸爸坐在椅子上,他可以推他爸爸一次。由此可看
出Rick对父亲是感激的,故D项正确。
Passage 2
语篇类型 主题 词数 难度 建议时间
议论文 保护老树 346 ★★★ 7分钟One of the costs of being a lover of old trees is the all-too-frequent loss of a beautiful soul
you’ve grown fond of. Last summer was harder than most for old trees and their human
supporters. The spring’s nonstop rain flooded soils and caused root systems of many large, old
trees to rot in part. Then, when the summer came, trees could not tap deep sources of water that
would normally have maintained(维持) them. Many valuable old trees died.
When I volunteered for the Mount Rainier Tree Commission, I heard from many people
concerned about their trees. We had little to offer them. That’s because public and private urban
tree resources and programs were aimed almost entirely at planting trees but not at maintaining
trees. No state or province program that I could find provided any financial resources for
maintaining tree health. Small and under-resourced cities such as ours were on their own.
This is backward. Scientists are learning that large, old trees are the most valuable, especially
in cities. They put on wood fastest and take the most carbon out of the air. They harbor the most
wildlife. They can lower summer temperatures by 20 degrees or more. In a recent study,
researchers found that Boston would get more benefit from keeping the trees it has alive than from
planting new trees. There’s reason to think this finding would apply in other cities, too.
Now, our public and private tree programs often ignore old trees until it is too late. As long as
we abandon our old trees, planting more is merely to keep pace with growing losses. We want
trees to help protect us, but we leave them unprotected. Consider this in the human world: Nobody
would send a baby into the world and expect it to just make it. Children need caring for and it’s
why we have schools and child health-insurance programs. We could get so much more out of our
trees if we just put a little more into them.
1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 suggest?
A. Strong determination to plant trees.
B. Real regret at growing old trees.
C. Great concern about tree problems.
D. Deep love for valuable old trees.
2.Why was the author almost powerless to help people worried about their trees?
A. The urban tree programs were faced with financial problems.
B. The author’s knowledge of maintaining tree health was limited.
C. The focus of the tree resources and programs was on tree planting.
D. The organization the author volunteered for was short of tree experts.3.The author argues in Paragraph 3 by .
A. comparing different cases
B. presenting research findings
C. referring to scientists’ sayings
D. carrying out some experiments
4.Why does the author give the example of nursing babies in the end?
A. To stress the importance of tree insurance programs.
B. To show the close connection between trees and babies.
C. To advocate protecting trees as humans care for babies.
D. To persuade human beings to pay more attention to babies.
老树给我们带来很多好处,但是我们往往只想到种植树木而忽视保护现有的树木。
1.D 考查推理判断。画线部分的上文说的是"成为老树爱好者的代价之一就是经常失
去……",画线部分的字面意思是"一个你喜爱的美丽灵魂",又结合第一段最后一句"Many
valuable old trees died"即可推断,美丽的灵魂说的就是珍贵的老树,因此画线部分说的是对珍
贵的老树的热爱,故D项正确。
2.C 考查细节理解。根据题干中的"worried about"定位到第二段中的"I heard from many
people concerned about their trees",根据该处的后两句可知,作者几乎无能为力的原因是"公共
和私人城市树木资源和项目几乎完全是为了种树,而不是维护树木",故C项正确。
3.B 考查推理判断。通读第三段可知,本段主要通过呈现研究发现说明了老树带给我们的
好处,文中"Scientists are learning that"和"In a recent study, researchers found that"是提示,故B
项正确。
4.C 考查推理判断。作者在最后一段提到我们想要树木保护我们,但我们却不保护它们,紧
接着作者打了一个比方:人们生下婴儿后不可能对其不管不顾就期望婴儿能成功,孩子需要照
料,我们就有了学校和儿童健康保险项目,由此可推知,作者提到照料婴儿是为了提倡像人类
照顾婴儿那样保护树木,故C项正确。
Passage 3
语篇类型 主题 词数 难度 建议时间
说明文 中医 305 ★★★ 7分钟
China is one of the first countries to breed a medical culture. In comparison with Western
methods, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) adopts a vastly different approach. For thousands ofyears, Chinese people have accumulated rich experience in fighting all sorts of diseases, therefore
forming a unique medical theory under the guidance of ancient Chinese philosophies.
The core behind TCM is that the human body’s life is the consequence of the balance
between yin and yang. Yang functions to safeguard us against outer harm, and yin is the inner
base to store and provide energy. When the balance between the two aspects is disturbed, people
fall ill.
One of the traditional techniques of TCM, acupuncture(针刺疗法), means insertion of
needles into superficial structures of the body — usually at acupoints(穴位) — to restore the yin-
yang balance. It is often accompanied by moxibustion(灸法), which involves burning the
mugwort on or near the skin at an acupoint.
The first known text that clearly talks about something like acupuncture and moxibustion as
it is practiced today is Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon. It is the earliest and most important
written work of TCM and is considered the most representative medical text in China.
Acupuncture and moxibustion have aroused the interest of international medical science
circles. And TCM is gradually gaining worldwide recognition. The WHO issued a document in
2002 that appealed to more than 180 countries to adopt TCM as an alternative in their medical
policies. In 2010, acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine were added to the
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO. Presently,
TCM has been back in the news for its effectiveness in improving the cure rate of the COVID-19
since its outbreak in January 2020.
1.What does the underlined word "It" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. TCM. B. Acupuncture.
C. Yin-yang balance. D. Moxibustion.
2.What can we learn about Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon from the text?
A. It distinguishes acupuncture from moxibustion.
B. It’s a foundation of world medical research.
C. It stresses the importance of using acupoints.
D. It greatly boosts the development of TCM.
3.What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?
A. To introduce TCM to the world.
B. To review the development of TCM.C. To tell TCM and Western medicine apart.
D. To comment on TCM in fighting COVID-19.
4.What might be talked about in the paragraph following the text?
A. Why TCM gets recognition from WHO.
B. Why TCM is gaining popularity.
C. How TCM helps in the current situation.
D. How other countries adopt TCM well.
本文首先介绍了中医独特的理论和疗法,随后指出中医正在获得世界范围内的认可,且因
其在提高新冠肺炎治愈率上的有效性而重新出现在新闻中。
1.B 考查代词指代。第三段第一句讲的是针刺疗法的相关内容,根据语境可知,此处表示针
刺疗法经常伴随灸法,故It指的是Acupuncture。
2.D 考查推理判断。根据第四段内容可知,第一部明确谈到针刺疗法和灸法的文献就是
《黄帝内经》,它是最早和最重要的中医书面著作,并被认为是中国最具代表性的医学文本,
故选D"它极大地促进了中医的发展"。
3.A 考查写作目的。文章前半部分介绍了中医独特的理论和疗法,后面说中医正逐渐受到
世界范围内的认可,由此可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是向世人介绍中医。
4.C 考查推理判断。由最后一段最后一句可知,自2020年1月新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来,因其
在提高治愈率上的成效,中医再次出现在新闻当中,故可推知下面一段内容将围绕中医如何帮
助解决目前情况而展开,故选C。
Passage 4
语篇类型 主题 词数 难度 建议时间
夹叙夹议文 珍惜友谊 301 ★★★ 8分钟
My best friend travelled to stay with my family last weekend. When she arrived, she went
straight to the kitchen and, without asking, ate some dried fruit. She wasn’t being rude. I knew she
would do this. We’ve known each other for almost 20 years. She can eat anything she wants from
my kitchen. Indeed, I bought her favorite fruits and snacks at the shop that morning.
Our long weekend together was simple. I was recovering from surgery and couldn’t go to
shopping malls. But there were no quiet moments. We’ve lived in different cities for almost a
decade. Reunions demand conversation.
Our personalities are matched, to be sure,and a shared history is indescribably(难以形容
地)valuable. We were competitors at high school before bonding. Then we discovered the manyinterests that we had in common. Our friendship developed itself quickly. We stayed companions
and supported each other through law school and through our first jobs. Ours is a friendship for
the ages.
There is something special about friends who know everything about you. They are rare.
They have seen your achievements, your desperation and your boring routine of the in-between.
It’s special to unpack feelings without wasting time filling in the blanks. As my long weekend
shows, with such friends we don’t have to do well, but we simply have to be ourselves. We drop
the act, the performance and the public version of ourselves. The special friendships are those
which never fail to delight us, whose continuation is worth the extra effort, despite distance and
difference in our separate lives. I had the very great joy of this reminder last weekend. I’m lucky
to have found this friend, and to see a future where her companionship remains. Being together is
perfection.
1.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A. They talked constantly about their lives.
B. They enjoyed going shopping.
C. They had a boring weekend.
D. They quarreled at times.
2.What does the author appreciate about their friendship?
A. They help each other achieve success in their fields.
B. They’re best friends despite different hobbies.
C. They inspire each other to be their best selves.
D. They’re comfortable just being themselves.
3.What message is conveyed in the last paragraph?
A. Real friends are easy to make.
B. Good friendships need devotion.
C. Special friendships may fail to delight us.
D. Distance and difference bring a friendship.
4.Why does the author write this text?
A. To express thanks to her best friend.
B. To share the friendship she treasures.
C. To describe what her best friend is like.D. To explain how she offers help to her friend.
本文作者主要分享了自己珍视的一段友谊及其对友谊的理解。
1.A 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"But there were no quiet moments. We’ve lived in
different cities for almost a decade. Reunions demand conversation"可知,作者与朋友很多年没有
见面了,因此见面以后有说不完的话,据此可以推断,她们可能会一直聊过去这些年的生活经
历,故选A。
2.D 考查推理判断。 根据第四段中的"As my long weekend shows, with such friends we
don’t have to do well, but we simply have to be ourselves. We drop the act, the performance and
the public version of ourselves"可知,作者认为和真正的好朋友在一起时,我们只需做自己就行
了,由此可推知D项正确。
3.B 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"whose continuation is worth the extra effort, despite
distance and difference in our separate lives"可以推断,良好的友谊需要人们付出额外的努力,故
选B。
4.B 考查写作目的。本文主要讲述了作者与其最好的朋友之间的友谊及其对于友谊的理解,
所以作者写这篇文章主要是为了分享自己珍视的一段友谊,故B项正确。
Passage 5
语篇类型 主题 词数 难度 建议时间
新闻报道 向农民介绍直播销售技巧 317 ★★★ 7分钟
"Ni Hao! Lao Tie!I am your foreign friend.Just have a bite of our organic apples and place
your orders here!"Erik Nilsson,a Swedish traveler,greeted through TikTok livestreams in a village
of Jiangxi Province.His appearance online increased that day’s sale greatly.After experiencing a
special day in the rural area,Erik said jokingly,"I wish I could change my job."
This village is not alone.Nowadays,China’s e-commerce platforms have helped open up the
market for Chinese farmers’ produce,bringing an increasing number of sales online.This new trend
has made livestreaming a new way to rid farmers of poverty,with mobile phones becoming "new
farm tools".
"Everyone has brought their own agricultural products.How can you make the audiences
believe that they’re delicious through the screen in front of you?Now,let’s feel the look on your
face during the livestreaming!"A farmers’ education and training center in Hainan Province invites
professionals such as directors and stylists to teach farmers a variety of skills ranging from short
video editing to livestreaming sales skills."However,at first,only a few villagers had a strongdesire.We helped them get training in livestreaming, short video marketing,and other courses.It
wasn’t fancy,but simple,practical,and effective."
"Everybody, please take a look.This is the best coconut.Taste it,"said Pei Yanqin,59,speaking
Mandarin with a strong local accent and communicating smoothly with netizens through her
livestreaming software.Just over a year ago,she was one of those villagers with the least intention
to get training.
In 2018,the demonstration project of national e-commerce for rural areas was
launched.Today,the village has developed eight e-commerce livestreaming courtyards.Some
presenters work alone,while others are husband and wife teams.In the next step,the government
will train more farmer presenters and develop in the direction of multi-variety sales.
1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To lead in the topic.
B. To add to the atmosphere.
C. To introduce culture contrast.
D. To give background knowledge.
2.How did most of the farmers first respond to the training?
A. Thrilled. B. Doubtful.
C. Disappointed. D. Impressed.
3.Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
A. Erik wants to seek for a new job.
B. E-commerce is a family business.
C. Livestreaming is the best way to remove poverty.
D. The Government helps farmers become skilled in marketing online.
4.Where is this text most likely taken from?
A. A travel log. B. A government report.
C. A research paper. D. A front-page article.
中国的电子商务平台为中国农民的农产品打开了市场,网上销售量逐步增加;直播成为一
种使农民摆脱贫困的新方式。本文介绍了海南一农民教育和培训中心向农民传授直播销售
技能的相关情况。
1.A 考查写作目的。通读第一段可知,该段描述了江西某村庄一位外国人做直播帮助当地
农民在网上销售苹果获得良好效果的情况;接着第二段提出本文主题:中国的电子商务平台为中国农民的农产品打开了市场,带来了越来越多的网上销售量。据此可知,第一段旨在引入主
题,故A项正确。
2.B 考查推理判断。根据第三段,特别是该段中的"However, at first, only a few villagers had
a strong desire"可知,当一个农民教育培训中心向农民传授直播销售技能时,只有少数村民愿
意学习;据此可以推知,开始时大多数农民对这种培训持怀疑态度,B项意为"怀疑",故B项正
确。A项意为"非常兴奋,极为激动"。
3.D 考查细节理解。根据第三段内容可知,海南省一个农民教育培训中心邀请专业人士对
农民进行多方面的直播销售技能培训;通读尾段可知,自2018年起,全国农村电子商务示范工
程启动实施;下一步,政府将培养更多的农民直播主播。据此可知,D项正确。
4.D 考查文章出处。通读全文可知,文章先描述了江西某村庄里,一位外国朋友正在直播销
售苹果,那天的销售量大增;接着提出主题:中国的电子商务平台为中国农民的农产品打开了
市场,网上销售量逐步增加;直播成为一种使农民摆脱贫困的新方式,移动电话成为"新的农
具",然后介绍了海南一农民教育和培训中心向农民传授直播销售技能的相关情况。据此可
以判断,文章最可能摘自头版文章,故D项正确。
Passage 6
语篇类型 主题 词数 难度 建议时间
夹叙夹议文 停止取悦别人 308 ★★★ 8分钟
Everyone needs to be safe, loved and to have a sense of belonging. These are inborn and
natural basic needs. In an effort to have these needs satisfied, many of us tend to please others.
And it works for a while. We find that we experience less conflict with others, but the conflict
within ourselves grows. Saying "no" produces a feeling of guilt and saying "yes" brings anger.
My father was in the military, so we moved frequently. Being shy, I didn’t make friends.
What’s more, I grew up in a household where grades, image and how others saw our family were
very important. In our household a "C" was unacceptable, a "B" should have been an "A" and an
"A" meant the lesson was too easy. I was too skinny, my sister was too fat and my brother’s lips
and ears were too big for his tiny head.
To stop pleasing others is easier said than done. It’s a long process, one in which I am
consistently working to be perfect. The turning point for me came shortly after I got married. The
very first thing we did to end the cycle of catering to others was develop our own identity as
individuals and then as a couple. And then we developed a strong set of core values and a visionfor our future. The third and one of the most valuable things we did during this process was
developing our own personal influence on others and we valued deeply the opinions of the wiser
and more successful people around us.
Besides, we should understand that sometimes helping people actually hurts them. The
struggle is necessary for success. The struggle strengthens the character, making people
determined. So sometimes allowing people to struggle is the best thing you can do for them.
1.How are we likely to feel when pleasing others?
A. Satisfied. B. Guilty.
C. Happy. D. Angry.
2.What can we infer from the author’s experience as a child?
A. He grew up doing a lot of housework.
B. His parents had great expectations of the children.
C. He realized the value of opinions from others.
D. It was hard for him to adjust to the moving life.
3.What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. What steps the author took to go on pleasing others.
B. Why the author further developed his values and character.
C. How the author stepped out of the cycle of pleasing others.
D. When the author turned to others for their valuable opinions.
4.What does the author suggest doing?
A. Helping others without delay.
B. Thinking twice before offering help.
C. Refusing to help others.
D. Leaving someone in trouble alone.
本文主要讲的是作者停止取悦别人的经历及其感悟。
1.D 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Saying ‘no’ produces a feeling of guilt and saying ‘yes’
brings anger"可知,D项正确。
2.B 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"I grew up in a household...an ‘A’ meant the lesson was
too easy"可推断出,作者的父母对他们抱有很高的期望,故B项正确。
3.C 考查段落大意。根据第三段的第二句并结合下文的"The very first thing" "And then"
"The third"可知,第三段讲述作者如何停止取悦他人,故C项正确。4.B 考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容可知,有时候帮助别人实际上会伤害他们,有时候允
许人们努力是你能为他们做的最好的事情,故可推知B项正确。
