文档内容
XB2 Unit1 science and scientists
语境背单词
Cholera is an infectious disease caused by germs. People who are infected with
this disease will suffer from severe diarrhoea，dehydration and even death. As a
young doctor，John Snow felt a little frustrated at first，but he was determined to
defeat “ King Cholera” once and for all. There were then two contradictory theories
to explain how cholera spread. Snow subscribed to the correct theory that cholera
was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. But Snow needed proof
and findings. It happened that cholera broke out in London in 1854，and Snow
began to investigate. He discovered that there were multiple deaths in
some households
near the water pump in Broad Street. This showed there was a link between the cases
of cholera and the water. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame，so he
had the handle of the water pump removed. Thanks to Snow’s intervention，people
began to drink pure water instead of raw water. Thus ， there was a substantial
decrease in the threat of cholera.Furthermore，in his use of maps and statistics，
Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. His thinking and concept on
disease were quite novel at that time. Therefore，Snow is considered the father of
modern epidemiology.
霍乱是一种由细菌引起的传染病。感染这种疾病的人会 严重 腹泻 、脱水
甚至死亡。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰• 斯诺一开始感到有点沮丧，但他决心
彻底击败“霍乱王”。当时有两种截然不同的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。
斯诺赞同正确的理论，即霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。但斯诺需要
证据和调查结果。1854 年伦敦恰巧暴发了霍乱，斯诺开始调查。他发现宽街水
泵附近的一些住户有多人死亡，这说明霍乱病例与饮用水有关联。斯诺怀疑水
泵是罪魁祸首，于是他让人把水泵的把手拆掉了。多亏了斯诺的干预，人们开
始饮用纯净水而不是原水。因此，霍乱的威胁 大幅 降低 。此外，斯诺利用地
图和统计数据，改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。他对疾病的思考和观念在当时
是相当新颖的。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。
Doctors use microscopes to observe cells ， germs ， viruses or proteins in
cells，while astronomers look at stars and study astronomy through telescopes. A
theory may be abstract，but research work needs to have a solid，concrete or vivid
theoretical framework. Besides John Snow，it is worth mentioning Qian Xuesen，
the father of China’s aerospace industry. He was
an outstanding， gifted and patriotic
scientist. At first，he studied railway mechanical engineering. In order to defend
China’s airspace，he shifted his major to aviation. While studying in the United
States，Qian Xuesen was a graduate assistant，studying jet and rocket technology.
After returning to China，he was put in charge of developing China’s rocket science
and its space and missile programme. Under Qian’s leadership，China’s aerospace
industry made steady progress and achieved initial success. Now let’s change the
subject. Here is a picture of a brilliant rainbow after a heavy rain. There is a man
standing over there. The rainbow casts different shadows of the man. Above all，the
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】moon is hanging in the sky，but the sun has not yet set. Can you find fault with this
picture?
医生用显微镜观察细胞、细菌、病毒或细胞中的蛋白质，而天文学家则用
望远镜观察星体和研究天文学。理论可能是抽象的， 但研究工作需要有一个
坚实、具体或 生动的 理论框架 。除了约翰• 斯诺，值得一提的是“中国航天
之父”钱学森。他是一位杰出的、有天赋的、爱国的科学家。起初，他学习铁
道机械工程。为了保卫中国的领空，他转到了航空专业。在美国留学期间，钱
学森是一名研究生助理，研究喷气式飞机和火箭技术。回国后，他被任命负责
发展中国的火箭科学及其太空和导弹项目。在钱学森的领导下，中国航天事业
稳步发展，初见成效。现在咱们换个话题吧。这是一幅大雨过后的 绚丽的
彩虹图。有一个人站在那边。彩虹 投射出这个人不同的影子。尤其是，天空
中挂着月亮，但太阳还没有落山。你能找出这幅画的错误吗？
单词派生
1. adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的→ vt.反驳;矛盾
2. n.感染;传染→ vt.使感染;传染
3. n.证据;证明;检验→ vt.证明
4. n.介入;出面;干涉→ vi.介入;干涉
5. adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→ v.净化
6. adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的→ n.物质;物品;事实根
据
7. vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→ n.改变;转换
8. n.思想;思维;见解→ v.认为;思考
9. n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决→ v.发现
10. adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→ adv.起初
11. adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的→ n.机械师;机械修
理工
12. vt.保卫;防守;辩解→ n.防御;保卫
13. n.助理;助手→ vt.帮助;协助→ n.帮助;协
助;援助
14. adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→ n.礼物;天赋
15. adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→ adv.平稳地;持续地
16. n.天文学家→ n.天文学
17. adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的→ adv.生动地
基础知识巩固
Ⅰ.单词小测
1.With solid ,the lawyer can certainly that he is innocent.
(prove)
2. ,I entirely knew about the steps they took to create a better
campus.(initial)
3.He,an ,came to my ;that is to say,he me in
finishing the impossible task on time.(assist)
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】4.Their daughter has a for language while their son is a
pianist.(gift)
5.He described what he saw in London,giving us a picture
about people’s life there.(vivid)
Ⅱ.短语小测
In human history,every time an epidemic 1. (爆发),many
people will 2. (患病) with it.3. (多亏)the
efforts of those experts who are 4. (主管)handling it,the
epidemic can be defeated 5. (彻底
地).However,most experts 6. (赞同)the view that new
epidemics will occur.So 7. (最重要的是),we should strengthen
our immune system to resist diseases.
Ⅲ.句型小测——高考情景仿写
1.他身体虚弱得几乎站不起来了。
He was he could hardly stand up.
2.可怕的地震似乎把一切都摧毁了。
everything was destroyed by the terrible earthquake.
3.她今天不上班,所以她终于可以请人把空调修理一下了。
She is off work today so she can
eventually.
单元巩固练习
Ⅰ.单词小测
1.The moon (cast) bright light over the garden when I saw through the
window.
2.She listened, (shift) nervously from one foot to another.
3.When she saw her efforts paid off,tears of happiness (pour) down
Jane’s cheeks.
4.What made the assistant annoyed was that he was suspected stealing
money.
5.All of them blamed the mistake me,which made me quite frustrated.
6.(2020·浙江卷)Challenging work that requires lots of analytical
(think),planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you
age.
7.(四川卷)They help the body defend itself against some kinds of
(infect).
8.(全国Ⅱ卷)Frank Hurley,a confident and (gift) Australian
photographer who knew the Antarctic,was hired to make the images.
9.(全国Ⅱ卷)His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching
(assist) in class whose creativity would infect other students.
Ⅱ.短语填空
above all,thanks to,in general,subscribe to,break out,in charge of,be to blame,once and
for all,be linked to,come down
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】1.Please believe us.We are sure to settle the matter
.
2.It is reported that a team consisting of five experts will be
the club.
3.Don’t go and ask for her idea about our plan.Never will she
it for the trip.
4.“ the financial aid,I can continue my studying at school,” she
told the news website Red Net.
5.They watched,amazed as fire on the outside of the spaceship
as the earth’s gravity increased.
6.We should often exchange ideas with our parents,who are rich in experience,and
,love us most in the world.
7.Don’t always blame your failure on others,sometimes you yourself
.
8.There is convincing evidence that skin cancer
exposure to the sun.
9.Since he with the disease,he shifted the emphasis away from
work to life.
10.Although the city preserves a good look ,some of its
heritage was destroyed in World War Ⅱ.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
1.The question is he is to blame.
2.My advice is you should handle the problem in a new way.
3.The fact was he didn’t really try.
4.The question is will be the successful applicant for the summer job at
the law firm.
5.Taking a year off from school to travel abroad is is generally called a
gap year.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
【写作素材】
1.大量的证据和数据表明,许多严重的疾病可以用中医治疗。中医在中国有着悠
久的历史。(定语从句)
2.多亏了这种药,许多病毒得到了控制,许多疑难病症甚至被彻底地治愈了。
(handle,have sth done)
3.许多人赞同中医。(subscribe to)
4.一些人仍然怀疑它的巨大价值,并把责任归咎于它。(suspect;blame)
5.他们坚定地认为,这只是单纯的初步治疗。(thinking)
【连句成篇】将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】Keys:
单词派生
1.contradictory;contradict 2.infection;infect 3.proof;prove
4.intervention;intervene 5.pure;purify 6.substantial;substance
7.transform;transformation 8.thinking;think 9.finding;find
10.initial;initially 11.mechanical;mechanic 12.defend;defense/defence
13.assistant;assist;assistance 14.gifted;gift 15.steady;steadily
16.astronomer;astronomy 17.vivid;vividly
基础知识巩固
Ⅰ.1.proof;prove 2.Initially;initial 3.assistant;assistance;assisted
4.gift;gifted 5.vividly;vivid
Ⅱ.1.breaks out 2.come down 3.Thanks to 4.in charge of
5.once and for all 6.subscribe to 7.above all
Ⅲ.1.so weak that 2.It seemed that 3.have the air conditioner repaired
单元巩固练习
Ⅰ.1.cast 2.shifting 3.poured 4.of 5.on 6.thinking
7.infections 8.gifted 9.assistant
Ⅱ.1.once and for all 2.in charge of 3.subscribe to 4.Thanks to
5.broke out 6.above all 7.are to blame 8.is linked to
9.came down 10.in general
Ⅲ.1.whether 2.that 3.that 4.who 5.what
Ⅳ. Multiple proofs and statistics show that many severe diseases can be treated
by traditional Chinese medicine,which has a long history in China.Thanks to the
medicine,which has many viruses handled,many difficult and complicated diseases
are even cured once and for all.Many people subscribe to the traditional Chinese
medicine.However,some people still suspect it of its substantial value,and put the
blame on it.They hold the firm thinking that it is only pure initial treatment.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
