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Unit 3 Places we live in 知识清单
2025-2026 学年人教版英语（2024）四年级上册
内容导航
一、词汇清单
二、重点短语清单
三、词汇详解
四、重点句子详解
五、重点语法精讲
六、通关练习
一、词汇清单
序号 单词 音标 词性 中文释义 三会/四会
1 community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ 名词 社区 四会
2 place /pleɪs/ 名词 地方；场所 四会
3 park /pɑːk/ 名词 公园 四会
4 hospital /ˈhɒspɪtl/ 名词 医院 四会
5 playground /ˈpleɪɡraʊnd/ 名词 游乐场；操场 四会
6 shop /ʃɒp/ 名词 商店 四会
7 library /ˈlaɪbrəri/ 名词 图书馆 四会
8 live /lɪv/ 动词 居住 三会
9 near /nɪə(r)/ 介词 在……附近 三会
10 beside /bɪˈsaɪd/ 介词 在……旁边 三会
11 behind /bɪˈhaɪnd/ 介词 在……后面 三会
12 in front of /ɪn frʌnt ɒv/ 介词短语 在……前面 三会
13 people /ˈpiːpl/ 名词 人；人们 四会
14 building /ˈbɪldɪŋ/ 名词 建筑物；楼房 三会
15 street /striːt/ 名词 街道 三会
16 bus stop /bʌs stɒp/ 名词短语 公交站 三会
17 garden /ˈɡɑːdn/ 名词 花园 三会
18 home /həʊm/ 名词 家 四会
19 there /ðeə(r)/ 副词 （表示存在或发生） 四会
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01序号 单词 音标 词性 中文释义 三会/四会
20 center /ˈsentə(r)/ 名词 中心 三会
二、重点短语清单
短语 中文释义 例句/用法
1 live in a community 居住在社区 I live in a quiet community with my family.
2 in the center of 在……中心 There is a park in the center of our community.
3 near the hospital 在医院附近 The bus stop is near the hospital.
4 beside the street 在街道旁 There are many trees beside the street.
5 behind the building 在建筑物后面 The garden is behind the tall building.
6 in front of the shop 在商店前面 We often play games in front of the shop.
7 playground in the park 公园里的游乐场 Children laugh loudly on the playground in the
park.
8 library near my home 我家附近的图书 I borrow books from the library near my home.
馆
9 help people in the 帮助社区里的人 Volunteers help people in the community every
community Saturday.
10 shop for daily things 买日常用品 We shop for daily things in the small shop.
三、词汇详解清单
1. community /kəˈmjuːnəti/
用法讲解：名词，指由居民和设施组成的社区，可数名词，强调“社区”的整体概念。
常见搭配：community service 社区服务；community center 社区中心
例句：Our community has a library and a swimming pool.（我们社区有图书馆和游泳池。）
2. place /pleɪs/
用法讲解：名词，泛指任何具体或抽象的地点，可数名词，可用于“favourite place”（最喜欢
的地方）。
常见搭配：public place 公共场所；place of interest 名胜古迹
例句：The library is a good place to read and study.（图书馆是阅读和学习的好地方。）
3. park /pɑːk/
用法讲解：名词，指供休闲的公园，可数名词；也可作动词“停车”。
常见搭配：national park 国家公园；park entrance 公园入口
例句：We have a picnic in the park every weekend.（我们每个周末在公园野餐。）
4. hospital /ˈhɒspɪtl/
用法讲解：名词，指提供医疗服务的场所，可数名词，前用介词in。
常见搭配：go to hospital 去看病；hospital staff 医院工作人员
例句：My aunt works in the hospital as a nurse.（我姑姑在医院当护士。）
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025. playground /ˈpleɪɡraʊnd/
用法讲解：名词，指供娱乐或运动的场地，可数名词。
常见搭配：school playground 学校操场；playground activities 操场活动
例句：The children play basketball on the playground after school.（孩子们放学后在操场打篮
球。）
6. shop /ʃɒp/
用法讲解：名词，指出售商品的店铺，可数名词，英式英语常用，美式英语为store。
常见搭配：shop window 商店橱窗；go shopping 去购物
例句：There is a book shop next to my school.（我学校旁边有一家书店。）
7. library /ˈlaɪbrəri/
用法讲解：名词，指收藏书籍的场所，可数名词，复数为libraries。
常见搭配：library card 借书证；library rules 图书馆规则
例句：I often do my homework in the library.（我经常在图书馆做作业。）
8. live /lɪv/
用法讲解：动词，意为“居住”，常用结构live in（大地点）/live at（小地点）。
常见搭配：live alone 独自居住；live a happy life 过幸福生活
例句：They live in a big city far from here.（他们住在离这里很远的大城市。）
9. near /nɪə(r)/
用法讲解：介词，表示“在……附近”，强调距离近，近义词为close to。
常见搭配：near the school gate 在校门口附近；near future 不久的将来
例句：The bank is near my home. I can walk there.（银行在我家附近，我可以步行去。）
10. beside /bɪˈsaɪd/
用法讲解：介词，意为“在……旁边”，强调紧挨着的位置关系。
常见搭配：sit beside sb. 坐在某人旁边；beside the river 在河边
例句：My desk is beside the window, so I can see the garden.（我的书桌在窗户旁边，所以能看
到花园。）
11. behind /bɪˈhaɪnd/
用法讲解：介词，意为“在……后面”，指位置在某物的后方，反义词为in front of。
常见搭配：hide behind the door 躲在门后；behind schedule 落后于计划
例句：The cat is sleeping behind the sofa.（猫在沙发后面睡觉。）
12. people /ˈpiːpl/
用法讲解：名词，集合名词，意为“人；人们”，本身是复数，不能加-s。
常见搭配：many people 许多人；people from different countries 来自不同国家的人
例句：There are many people in the park on sunny days.（晴天公园有很多人。）
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0313. building /ˈbɪldɪŋ/
用法讲解：名词，指有屋顶和墙壁的建筑物，可数名词，动词为build（建造）。
常见搭配：office building 办公楼；building materials 建筑材料
例句：The new building in our community is a supermarket.（我们社区的新建筑是超市。）
14. street /striːt/
用法讲解：名词，指城市中的道路，两侧有建筑物，可数名词。
常见搭配：street corner 街角；street name 街道名称
例句：This street is very busy with cars and people.（这条街车水马龙，非常热闹。）
15. there /ðeə(r)/
用法讲解：副词，用于There be句型中，表示“在那里”或“存在”。
常见搭配：there is/are 有；over there 在那边
例句：There are three trees in front of my house.（我家前面有三棵树。）
四、重点句子详细讲解（按课文顺序）
1. This is our community. There are many tall buildings here.
句型结构：介绍社区的存在句，“This is... There are + 复数名词 + 地点状语.”
用法讲解：“There are” 表示“存在有”，“here” 指代当前所在的社区，强调近距离。
例句扩展：This is my school. There are two libraries and a gym.（这是我的学校，有两个图书
馆和一个体育馆。）
2. What can we see in the community? We can see a park and a hospital.
句型结构：询问可见事物的特殊疑问句，“What can + 主语 + see + 地点? 主语 + can see +
事物.”
用法讲解：“can” 表示能力，后接动词原形，回答需具体列举看到的场所。
例句扩展：What can you see in the park? We can see a lake and many trees.（你在公园能看到什
么？我们能看到一个湖和许多树。）
3. There is a playground. We all play there.
句型结构：存在句与活动描述结合，“There is + 单数名词. 主语 + 动词 + there.”
用法讲解：“there” 指代前文提到的playground，避免重复，强调在该场所进行的活动。
例句扩展：There is a shop. We buy snacks there every day.（有一家商店，我们每天在那里买
零食。）
4. The park is near the hospital. The hospital is beside the street.
句型结构：描述方位关系的并列句，“A is + 方位介词 + B. B is + 方位介词 + C.”
用法讲解：通过方位介词（near, beside, behind等）明确场所间的位置关系。
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04例句扩展：The school is beside the garden. The garden is behind the museum.（学校在花园旁
边，花园在博物馆后面。）
5. My favourite place in the community is the library.
句型结构：表达偏好的句子，“My favourite place in + 地点 + is + 场所名称.”
用法讲解：“favourite” 前用形容词性物主代词，“in the community” 限定范围，突出最喜欢
的场所。
例句扩展：My favourite place in the school is the art room.（我在学校最喜欢的地方是美术教
室。）
6. There are many books in the library. I can read there every day.
句型结构：存在句与能力表达结合，“There are + 复数事物 + 地点. 主语 + can + 动词 +
there.”
用法讲解：“can read there” 中“there” 指代图书馆，体现场所与活动的关联。
例句扩展：There are many flowers in the garden. I can take photos there.（花园里有很多花，我
可以在那里拍照。）
7. Is there a bus stop near your home? Yes, there is. It’s beside the shop.
句型结构：询问存在与否的一般疑问句，“Is there + 单数名词 + 地点? Yes/No, there
is/isn’t.”
用法讲解：“Is there” 是“There is” 的疑问形式，回答需包含方位介词短语说明位置。
例句扩展：Is there a clinic near your school? No, there isn’t. But there is a hospital.（你学校附近
有诊所吗？没有，但有一家医院。）
8. What do people do in the community? They play sports and chat with neighbours.
句型结构：询问活动的特殊疑问句，“What do people do in + 地点? 主语 + 动词短语.”
用法讲解：“people” 作主语时动词用原形，回答需列举具体活动（如play sports, chat, help
others）。
例句扩展：What do people do in the park? They walk their dogs and do morning exercises.（人们
在公园做什么？他们遛狗和晨练。）
9. The library is on the first floor of the building.
句型结构：描述楼层位置的句子，“A is on + the + 序数词 + floor of + B.”
用法讲解：“first floor” 在英式英语中为“一楼”，美式英语为“二楼”，需根据语境判
断。
例句扩展：Our classroom is on the third floor of the teaching building.（我们的教室在教学楼三
楼。）
10. There is also a small garden in front of the library.
句型结构：补充说明存在的句子，“There is also + 事物 + 地点.”
用法讲解：“also” 表示“也”，用于句中，位于be动词后，强调除已有事物外还有其他。
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05例句扩展：There is also a playground behind the school.（学校后面还有一个操场。）
11. I like to go to the shop beside my home. I buy milk and bread there.
句型结构：描述习惯活动的句子，“I like to go to + 地点. I buy + 物品 + there.”
用法讲解：“like to do sth.” 表示习惯性喜欢，“there” 指代前文的shop，避免重复。
例句扩展：She likes to go to the park near her home. She flies a kite there.（她喜欢去家附近的
公园，在那里放风筝。）
12. Our community is beautiful and quiet. We all love living here.
句型结构：总结性句子，“地点 + is + 形容词. 主语 + love + 动词ing + 地点.”
用法讲解：“love living here” 中“living” 是动名词，“here” 前不加介词，表达对社区的情
感。
例句扩展：The village is small and peaceful. They love living there.（村庄又小又宁静，他们喜
欢住在那里。）
五、重点语法精讲
（一）There be 句型（存在句）
1. 基本结构
句式 单数 复数
肯定句 There is + 单数名词/不可数名词 + 地点. There are + 复数名词 + 地点.
否定句 There isn’t + 单数名词/不可数名词 + 地点. There aren’t + 复数名词 + 地点.
疑问句 Is there + 单数名词/不可数名词 + 地点? Are there + 复数名词 + 地点?
回答 Yes, there is./No, there isn’t. Yes, there are./No, there aren’t.
2. 主谓一致
遵循“就近原则”，be动词由离其最近的名词单复数决定：
There is a book and two pens on the desk.（就近a book，用is）
There are two pens and a book on the desk.（就近two pens，用are）
3. 与have/has的区别
There be：强调“某地存在某物”（客观存在）。
There is a tree in the garden.（花园里有一棵树。）
have/has：强调“某人拥有某物”（所属关系）。
I have a pet cat.（我有一只宠物猫。）
（二）方位介词（Prepositions of Place）
介词 含义 例句 注意事项
near 在……附近 The bank is near the post office. 距离较近，不强调紧挨着
beside 在……旁边 The chair is beside the desk. 强调紧挨着，= next to
behind 在……后面 The car is behind the house. 指位置在后方，反义词in
front of
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06介词 含义 例句 注意事项
in front 在……前面（外 There is a garden in front of the 指在物体外部的前方
of 部） house.
inside 在……里面 The students are inside the 强调在物体内部
classroom.
（三）名词复数规则（部分示例）
规则 例词 复数形式
一般情况加-s park, shop, library parks, shops, libraries
以s/x/sh/ch结尾加-es bus, box, church buses, boxes, churches
以辅音+y结尾变y为i加-es city, baby cities, babies
不规则变化 people, child people, children
六、通关练习
一、词汇分类（将下列单词按词性分类）
单词：community, live, near, hospital, playground, beside, library, people, there, street
名词：________________________________________
动词：________________________________________
介词：________________________________________
副词：________________________________________
二、短语匹配（连线）
英文短语 中文释义
. live in the community A. 在图书馆看书
2. in front of the hospital B. 居住在社区
3. read books in the library C. 医院前面
4. play on the playground D. 街道旁的公园
5. park beside the street E. 在操场玩耍
三、语法选择（单项选择）
1.—______ there a library near your home? —Yes, there is.
A. Are B. Is C. Do
2. There ______ many children in the playground.
A. is B. are C. have
3. The shop is ______ the bus stop and the hospital.
A. near B. between C. beside
4. My favourite place ______ the community is the park.
A. in B. on C. at
5. —What can you see in the shop? —______ some snacks and drinks.
A. There is B. There are C. They are
6. Is there a garden behind the building? ______, there is.
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07A. Yes B. No C. Not
7. We often chat with neighbours ______ the garden.
A. in B. on C. at
8. The hospital is ______ the street, so it’s easy to find.
A. behind B. beside C. in front of
9. There ______ a park and three shops in our community.
A. is B. are C. have
10. People in the community ______ friendly and helpful.
A. is B. are C. am
四、句型转换（根据要求改写句子）
1.There is a supermarket in our community.（改为一般疑问句）
______ ______ a supermarket in your community?
The library is beside the school.（对划线部分提问）
2.______ ______ the library?
3.They can see a hospital and a park in the community.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ they see in the community?
4.There are many people in the park.（改为否定句）
There ______ ______ many people in the park.
5.My favourite place is the playground .（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ your favourite place?
6.Is there a bus stop near your home?（作肯定回答）
______, ______ ______.
7.The shop is behind the hospital.（改为同义句）
The hospital is ______ ______ the shop.
8.There is one library in the community.（用two改写句子）
There ______ two ______ in the community.
9.We play sports in the playground.（用he作主语改写）
He ______ sports in the playground.
10.The community is beautiful.（改为感叹句）
______ ______ beautiful community it is!
五、阅读理解（根据短文内容判断正“T”误“F”）
第一篇：My Community
Hi! I’m Tom. I live in a big community. There is a beautiful park in the center. In front of the
park, there is a library. I often read books there. Beside the library, there is a shop. I buy fruit and
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08milk there. Behind the park, there is a hospital. My mother works there as a doctor. I love my
community because it’s convenient and full of fun!
1.( ) Tom’s community has a big park in the center.
2.( ) The library is behind the park.
3.( ) Tom buys fruit and milk in the shop beside the library.
4.( ) Tom’s mother works in the hospital behind the park.
5.( ) Tom doesn’t like his community.
第二篇：Our School Ground
Our school has a large playground behind the teaching building. Many students play basketball
and football there after class. Beside the playground, there is a small garden with flowers and trees.
In front of the teaching building, there is a library. We often read and study there. The school gate is
near the bus stop, so it’s easy for us to go to school.
1.( ) The playground is in front of the teaching building.
2.( ) The garden is beside the playground.
3.( ) Students play sports in the garden.
4.( ) The library is in front of the teaching building.
5.( ) The school gate is far from the bus stop.
六、写作（根据提示描述你的社区）
提示：
社区里有公园、图书馆和商店。
公园在社区中心，图书馆在公园旁边，商店在图书馆前面。
你经常在公园跑步，在图书馆看书，在商店买零食。
参考句型：
There is/are... in my community.
The... is + 方位介词 + the...
I often... in the...
参考答案
一、词汇分类
名词：community, hospital, playground, library, people, street
动词：live
介词：near, beside
副词：there
二、短语匹配
1—B, 2—C, 3—A, 4—E, 5—D
三、语法选择
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091.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.B
四、句型转换
1.Is there 2.Where is 3.What can 4.aren’t any 5.What is
6.Yes; there is 7.in front of 8.are; libraries 9.plays 10.What a
五、阅读理解
第一篇：1.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F
第二篇：1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F
六、写作（示例）
My community is wonderful. There is a park, a library, and a shop in it. The park is in the center
of the community. Beside the park, there is a library. I often read books and do homework there. In
front of the library, there is a small shop. I buy snacks and stationery there. Every morning, I run in
the park and say hello to my neighbours. I love my community because it’s a great place to live!
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010
