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2025 秋人教英语四年级上册 讲义
知识讲解
（一）社区职业类
1. firefighter /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/：消防员，负责灭火和救援工作。例如：My uncle is a
firefighter.（我的叔叔是一名消防员。）
2. cook/kʊk/：厨师，从事烹饪工作，制作食物。Thecook makesdeliciousfood.（这位
厨师做的食物很美味。）
3. driver/ˈdraɪvə(r)/：司机，驾驶各种车辆。Myfatherisa busdriver.（我的爸爸是一名
公交车司机。）
4. cleaner/ˈkliːnə(r)/：清洁工，负责打扫卫生，保持环境整洁。Cleaners getup early to
cleanthestreets.（清洁工们很早起床打扫街道。）
5. police officer /pəˈliːs ɒfɪsə(r)/：警察，维护社会治安，保障人们的安全。A police
officerhelpstheoldmancrosstheroad.（一名警察帮助老人过马路。）
6. delivery worker /ˈdelɪvəri ˈwɜːkə(r)/：快递员，负责投递包裹和信件。The delivery
workerbringsmea package.（快递员给我送来了一个包裹。）
（二）其他
1. busy/ˈbɪzi/：忙碌的，形容人或事物处于繁忙的状态。Mymother is alwaysbusy with
housework.（我的妈妈总是忙于家务。）
2. tired /ˈtaɪəd/：疲倦的，描述人感到劳累、疲惫。I'm tired after a long day of study.
（经过一整天的学习，我很累。）
3. chore /ˈtʃɔː(r)/：家庭杂务，如打扫、洗碗等。I oftendo somechoresat home.（我经
常在家做一些家务。）
4. also/ˈɔːlsəʊ/：也，用于句中，通常位于 be 动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词
之前。IlikeEnglish. Ialso likemath.（我喜欢英语，我也喜欢数学。）
5. help /ˈhelp/：帮助，常见短语 help sb. with sth.（在某事上帮助某人），help sb. do
sth.（帮助某人做某事）。He often helps me with my homework.（他经常帮我做作
业。）
6. those /ˈðəʊz/：那些，是 that 的复数形式，用于指代远处的复数人或物。Those are
mybooks.（那些是我的书。）
7. old /ˈəʊld/：年纪大的；老的；旧的，可用于形容人或物。My grandfather is old.（我
的爷爷年纪大了。）Thisisanoldbook.（这是一本旧书。）
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8. tell /ˈtel/：讲述；告诉，常见短语 tell a story（讲故事），tell sb. sth.（告诉某人某
事），tell sb. to do sth.（告诉某人做某事）。My mother often tells me stories.（我
妈妈经常给我讲故事。）
9. everyone /ˈevriwʌn/：每人；人人；所有人，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Everyonelikesmusic.（每个人都喜欢音乐。）
10.Mrs /ˈmɪsɪz/：太太；夫人，用于已婚女性的姓氏或姓名前。Mrs Smith（史密斯夫
人）
11.volunteer /ˈvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/：志愿者，自愿为他人或社会提供帮助的人。I want to be a
volunteer.（我想成为一名志愿者。）
（一）询问职业：What's your father's/mother's/...job?（你的爸爸 / 妈妈 /…… 是做什么工作
的？）
1. 回答：He's/She's a...（他 / 她是一名……） 。例如：What's your father's job? - He's a
driver.（你爸爸是做什么工作的？ -他是一名司机。）
（二）描述他人职业及帮助行为：Sb. is a... He/She often helps...（某人是一名…… 他 / 她经常帮
助……）
1. Our neighbour is a firefighter. He often helps people.（我们的邻居是一名消防员。他
经常帮助人们。）
（三）现在进行时描述正在进行的动作：Sb. is+ 动词- ing形式+其他.（某人正在做某事）
1. ChenJieismakingthebed.（陈杰正在铺床。）
（四）询问正在做的事情：Whatareyou/theydoing?（你/ 他们正在做什么？）
1. 回答：I'm/They're + 动词 - ing 形式.（我 / 他们正在……） 。例如：What are they
doing?-They'recleaningtheroom.（他们正在做什么？- 他们正在打扫房间。）
（五）表达自己是社区志愿者及活动内容：Weare community volunteers.We often...（我们是社
区志愿者。我们经常……）
1. We are community volunteers. We often help children and old people.（我们是社区
志愿者。我们经常帮助儿童和老人。）
字母组合 “ph”发 /f/音：例如：photo/ˈfəʊtəʊ/（照片）、phone /fəʊn/（电话）、elephant
/ˈelɪfənt/（大象）。发音时，上齿轻触下唇，气流从唇齿间挤出，摩擦成音。可以
通过朗读包含 “ph” 的单词和句子，如 “Philiphas aphone.Hetakes photos withhis
phone.”，来加深对该发音的记忆。
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（一）一般现在时中动词第三人称单数形式：在一般现在时的句子中，如果主语是第三人称单数
（he/she/it或单个人名、单个事物等），动词要变成第三人称单数形式。变化规则如下：
1. 一般动词在词尾加-s，如：help- helps，play- plays，read- reads。
2. 以-s、-x、-sh、-ch、-o结尾的动词，在词尾加 -es，如：watch - watches，wash-
washes，go - goes。
3. 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，先变 y 为 i，再加 -es，如：study - studies 。例如：He
often helps others.（他经常帮助别人。）She goes to school by bike.（她骑自行车去
上学。）
（二）现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作或存在的状态，其结构为 “be 动词（am/is/are） +
动词的现在分词形式（动词 - ing）” 。be 动词的选择要根据主语来确定：I 用 am，you 用 are，
he/she/it等第三人称单数用is。动词变现在分词的规则如下：
1. 一般情况下，直接在动词后加-ing，如：clean- cleaning，play- playing。
2. 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e 再加 - ing，如：make - making，write -
writing。
3. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写末尾辅音字母再加 - ing，
如：run - running，swim - swimming 。例如：I am reading a book.（我正在读一本
书。）Theyareplayingfootball.（他们正在踢足球。）
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配套练习
（一）选择题（20 道）
1. Myneighbourisa ______. Heoftenhelpsputoutfires.
A. firefighterB. cookC. driver
2. —What'syour mother'sjob?
—She's______cook.
A. a B.anC. the
3. Myfather isa driver. He______ a busevery day.
A. driveB.drivesC. driving
4. The______cleansthestreetseverymorning.
A. cleaner B.police officer C. delivery worker
5. —Whatarethey doing?
—They______theroom.
A. cleanB.arecleaningC. cleaning
6. Icanhelpmy mother______ somechores.
A. do B.doesC.doing
7. Mysisteris ______now. Sheis makinga cake.
A. busyB.tired C. happy
8. Myfriendoften______storiesto us.
A. tellB. tellsC. telling
9. Everyone______to behealthy.
A. wantB.wantsC. wanting
10.Look!Thoseboys ______football.
A. playB. areplayingC. plays
11.Thepoliceofficer ______theoldmancrossthe roadnow.
A. helpsB.helpingC. ishelping
12.Iwantto bea ______andhelppeople.
A. volunteerB. teacher C.doctor
13.Wearecommunityvolunteers. Weoftenhelp______.
A. child B.childrenC. childs
14.Myuncleisa ______. Hedeliverspackageseveryday.
A. deliveryworker B.cleaner C. cook
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15.______is yourfather'sjob?
A. WhatB. WhoC. Where
16.Thestudentsare______booksinthe library.
A. readB.readsC. reading
17.Mymotheroften______ mewithmy English.
A. helpB.helpsC. helping
18.Wecan't playfootballnowbecauseit's ______.
A. rainB.rainyC. rains
19.Sheis ______oldwoman.Sheneedsourhelp.
A. a B.anC. the
20.Thechildrenare______inthepark. Theyarehavingagoodtime.
A. playB. playsC.playing
二、完型填空（20 道）
I live in a nice community. There are many 1 people in my community. My
neighbour is a 2 . He often helps people. He 3 fires and saves people. Liu Jia's
father is a school bus 4 . He takes us to school every day. That's an important
5 . My mother is a 6 . She works in a restaurant. She can 7 delicious food.
On weekends, I often 8 as a volunteer in the community. I help 9 people.
Look! Those students are 10 , too. Chen Jie is 11 the bed for the old people.
Binbin and John are 12 old songs. Zhang Peng is 13 funny stories. Everyone is
so 14 . We love the people here. We love our 15 .
There are also many 16 in our community. They help make our community
17 . The 18 cleans the streets. The 19 delivers packages.
And the 20 helps keep the community safe. We all work together to make
our community a better place.
1. A. helpfulB. helpC. helps
2. A. firefighterB. cookC. driver
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3. A. putsoutB.putoutC. puttingout
4. A. driver B.cleaner C. policeofficer
5. A. jobB.work C.jobs
6. A. cookB. teacher C.nurse
7. A. cookB. cooksC. cooking
8. A. workB. worksC. working
9. A. oldB.youngC. tall
10.A. volunteersB. volunteerC. volunteering
11.A. makeB. makesC.making
12.A. singB.sings C.singing
13.A. tellB. tellsC. telling
14.A. happyB.sadC. angry
15.A. communityB. schoolC. family
16.A. jobsB.workersC. works
17.A. goodB.badC.dirty
18.A. cleaner B.driver C. cook
19.A. deliveryworker B.policeofficer C. teacher
20.A. policeofficer B.cook C. cleaner
三、阅读理解
I'm Tom. There are many people in my community. My neighbour, Mr Smith, is a
firefighter. He is very brave. He often helps people in danger. Liu Mei's mother is a
nurse. She works in a hospital. She takes good care of the patients.
There is a small park in our community. People often go there. Some children play
games there. Some old people take a walk there. On weekends, many students
become volunteers. They help clean the park. They also help the old people carry
things.
I'm a student. I often help my neighbours. I help the old man next door water
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the flowers. I like my community. Everyone is friendly and helpful.
1. （ ）WhatdoesMr Smithdo?
A. Heisa nurse.B. Heisa firefighter.C. Heisa teacher.
2. （ ）WheredoesLiuMei'smother work?
A. Ina school. B.In ahospital. C.In a restaurant.
3. （ ）Whatdo childrendo inthepark?
A. Theytakea walk. B.They playgames.C. Theycleanthe park.
4. （ ）Whatdo studentsdo onweekends?
A. Theyplaygames. B.They helpcleantheparkandhelp theold. C. Theygo to thehospital.
5. （ ）WhatdoesTomdo to helphisneighbour?
A. He helps the old man carry things. B. He helps the old man water the flowers. C. He helps
theoldmanclean thehouse.
四、作文
请以“MyCommunity”为题，写一篇短文介绍你的社区。内容包括社区里有哪些人，他们
的工作是什么，你在社区里经常做什么等。要求：语句通顺，书写规范，不少于5句话。
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