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专题 26 完形填空（说明文）
刷大题、提能力
1.（2023·辽宁·东北育才学校校考三模）
Young boys often dream of superpowers to solve their problems. It was 1933, while the country was still 1
the Great Depression, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster put their 2 down on paper. In the process, they created
the world’s most popular superhero, Superman.
Joe was the artist and sketched all the time, 3 out at newsstands absorbed in magazines, especially
“Amazing Stories,” and then 4 to recreate them at home. Jerry was the storyteller. The idea of Superman
5 upon him in the middle of a sleepless summer night. When the Superman’s origin story started 6 ,
he dashed over to Joe’s place and showed it to him. Then they just sat down, and worked straight out.
As is often the case, when we experience something 7 in life, we deal with the feeling through 8
expression. Jerry’s father had died during a robbery. A young child might 9 that experience by wishing
something could have 10 it. For Jerry, out came the Man of Steel, who was 11 to bullets and
protecting innocent people was his 12 .
The story of Superman has inspired kids for generations. It has 13 their fears and driven their
dreams. Most 14 , the Man of Steel has inspired us all to find our superpower and use them to help
others. Therefore, the next time you are inspired to 15 a friend from being bullied, or help the widow
next door with your superpower smile, thank Joe and Jerry, two awkward high school kids who dreamt up
Superman—making the world a little more safe and fair.
1．A．evaluating B．undergoing C．controlling D．overcoming
2．A．concepts B．principles C．ideas D．disputes
3．A．hanging B．working C．running D．figuring
4．A．get out B．stand out C．set out D．put out
5．A．struck B．dawned C．fell D．occurred
6．A．taking action B．taking effect C．taking shape D．taking aim
7．A．tiresome B．tragic C．memorable D．grateful
8．A．creative B．personal C．academic D．skillful
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】9．A．remember B．commend C．judge D．process
10．A．defeated B．predicted C．prevented D．supported
11．A．subject B．resistant C．sensitive D．accustomed
12．A．responsibility B．belief C．command D．contribution
13．A．shared B．confirmed C．boosted D．calmed
14．A．unexpectedly B．importantly C．fortunately D．obviously
15．A．ban B．help C．save D．facilitate
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．B
12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Jerry Siegel和Joe Shuster创造出了超人的原因以及意义。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是1933年，当时国家还在经历大萧条，杰里·西格尔和乔·舒斯特把他们
的想法写在了纸上。A. evaluating评估；B. undergoing经历；C. controlling控制；D. overcoming克服。由下
文“the Great Depression,”可知，1933年，当时国家还在经历大萧条，故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是1933年，当时国家还在经历大萧条，杰里·西格尔和乔·舒斯特把他们
的想法写在了纸上。A. concepts概念；B. principles原则；C. ideas主意；D. disputes争论。由下文“In the
process, they created the world’s most popular superhero, Superman.(在这个过程中，他们创造了世界上最受欢
迎的超级英雄——超人。)”可知，杰里·西格尔和乔·舒斯特创造了超人，所以说他们很有想法，由此可知，
此处指将想法写在纸上，故选C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：乔是个艺术家，他总是在画素描，经常在报摊上看杂志，尤其是《神奇的
故事》 ，然后开始在家里重新创作。A. hanging悬挂；B. working工作；C. running经营；D. figuring认为。
由下文“out at newsstands absorbed in magazines, especially “Amazing Stories,”可知，hang out固定搭配，意
为“消磨时光；闲逛”，此处指乔在报摊上看杂志来消磨时光，故选A。
4．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：乔是个艺术家，他总是在画素描，经常在报摊上看杂志，尤其是《神
奇的故事》 ，然后开始在家里重新创作。A. get out出去；B. stand out突出；C. set out出发；D. put out熄
灭。由下文“to recreate them at home.”可知，乔在报摊上看完杂志后，开始重新在家里创作，故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 在一个无眠的夏夜，他突然想到了超人。A. struck击打；B. dawned变得明
朗；开始清楚；C. fell落下；D. occurred发生。由下文“upon him in the middle of a sleepless summer night.”
可知，他突然想到了超人，dawn upon sb.固定搭配，意为“突然想到了”故选B。
6．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当超人的起源故事开始形成，他冲到乔的地方，并显示给他。A. taking
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】action采取行动；B. taking effect生效；C. taking shape形成；D. taking aim瞄准。由下文“he dashed over to
Joe’s place and showed it to him.”可知，在超人的起源故事开始形成后，他展示给乔，故选C。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，当我们经历生活中的悲剧时，我们通过创造性的表达来处
理这种感觉。A. tiresome令人厌烦的；B. tragic悲惨的；C. memorable难忘的；D. grateful感恩的。由第一
段提到的当时国家经历大萧条可知，此处指生活是悲惨的，故选B。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，当我们经历生活中的悲剧时，我们通过创造性的表达来处
理这种感情。A. creative有创造力的；B. personal个人的；C. academic学术的；D. skillful熟练的。根据第
一段中“In the process, they created the world’s most popular superhero, Superman.”可知，Jerry Siegel and Joe
Shuster 创造了超人，由此可知，此处指通过创造性的表达来处理悲痛的感情，故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个年幼的孩子可能希望某些事情可以阻止这种经历，以此来消化自己这
种（悲痛）经历。A. remember记住；B. commend赞扬；C. judge评判；D. process加工；处理。由上文
“Jerry’s father had died during a robbery.”和“we deal with the feeling”指出Jerry的父亲在一次抢劫中丧生，
所以作为孩子，Jerry通过设计超级英雄的人物来阻止这类事情发生，这是他处理自己这种悲痛经历的方法，
此处process和deal with同义，故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个年幼的孩子可能希望某些事情可以阻止这种经历，以此来消化自己这
种（悲痛）经历。A. defeated打败；B. predicted预测；C. prevented预防；D supported支持。由上文“by
wishing something could have”可知，Jerry设计超级英雄是希望可以阻止一些悲惨事情的发生，故选C。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于杰瑞来说，钢铁侠出现了，他能抵御子弹，保护无辜的人是他的责
任。A. subject隶属的；B. resistant抵制的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. accustomed习惯的。由下文“bullets and
protecting innocent people”和常识可知，钢铁侠能抵御子弹，故选B。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于杰瑞来说，钢铁侠出现了，他能抵御子弹，保护无辜的人是他的责任。
A. responsibility责任；B. belief不信任；C. command命令；D. contribution贡献。由上文“protecting
innocent people was his”可知，保护无辜的人是钢铁侠的责任。故选A。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它平息了他们的恐惧，激励了他们的梦想。A. shared分享；B. confirmed
确认；C. boosted增加；D. calmed使平静下来；平息。由上文“The story of Superman has inspired kids for
generations.”和下文“their fears”可知，超人能平息孩子的恐惧，故选D。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意： 最重要的是，钢铁侠激励了我们所有人去发现我们的超能力并用它们来
帮助他人。A. unexpectedly无法预料地；B. importantly重要地；C. fortunately幸运的是；D. obviously显然
地。由下文“the Man of Steel has inspired us all to find our superpower and use them to help others.”可知，上文
提到了超人能平息孩子的恐惧，此处是更进一步说钢铁侠的作用，所以应用更重要的是，为more
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】importantly，故选B。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，下一次当你受到鼓舞，想要拯救朋友免受欺凌，或者想要用你超能
力的微笑帮助隔壁的寡妇时，要感谢乔和杰瑞，他们是两个笨拙的高中生，他们想出了超人——让世界变
得更安全和公平一点。A. ban禁止；B. help帮助；C. save节省；D. facilitate促进。由下文“a friend from
being bullied”可知，此处指拯救朋友免受欺凌，故选C。
2.（2023·山东淄博·统考三模）
ChatGPT has been everywhere for the last few months. It raises 16 about their impact on everything
happening in our society.
ChatGPT is a natural language processing tool 17 by AI technology that allows you to have human-
like 18 and much more. The language model can answer questions and 19 you with tasks, such as
composing emails, essays, and code.
The 20 to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of questions is why it became the
fastest-growing app of all time, 21 100 million users in only two months. The fact that it can also 22
essays, articles, and poetry has only 23 its appeal. It is also equally 24 at coding and productivity
tasks. For the former, its ability to 25 code from natural speech makes it a powerful partner for both new
and 26 coders.
Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has 27 . Such restrictions include the inability to
answer questions that are worded in a 28 way, as it requires rewording to understand the input question.
A bigger limitation is a lack of quality in the 29 it delivers. Another major limitation is that its data is
limited up to 2021. The chat robot does not have any 30 of events or news that have occurred since then.
Lastly, ChatGPT does not provide sources for its responses.
16．A．requests B．concerns C．emotions D．doubts
17．A．driven B．followed C．inspired D．entertained
18．A．conflicts B．challenges C．interests D．conversations
19．A．manage B．control C．assist D．accompany
20．A．ability B．chance C．responsibility D．purpose
21．A．consulting B．reaching C．introducing D．counting
22．A．cause B．return C．exist D．generate
23．A．added to B．connected to C．devoted to D．owed to
24．A．determined B．equipped C．talented D．alarmed
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】25．A．save B．create C．choose D．describe
26．A．cautious B．untrained C．familiar D．experienced
27．A．limitations B．possibilities C．requirements D．advantages
28．A．right B．suitable C．specific D．natural
29．A．approaches B．responses C．contribution D．sensitivity
30．A．notice B．question C．feeling D．awareness
【答案】
16．B 17．A 18．D 19．C 20．A 21．B 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．B
26．D 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT拥有强大的语言处理能力，可以与我们开展对话，协助
我们处理很多事务，但也有其局限，在理解特定方式的问题、回复质量和数据更新等方面存在问题。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这引起了人们对它们会影响我们社会中发生的一切的担忧。A. requests请
求；B. concerns担忧；C. emotions情绪；D. doubts怀疑。根据下文“their impact on everything happening in
our society”和常识可推知，对于会影响我们社会中发生的一切的事物，我们应该会有担忧。故选B。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：ChatGPT是一款由人工智能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具，允许你进行类
似人类的对话等等。A. driven驱动；B. followed跟随；C. inspired启发；D. entertained使有兴趣。根据下文
“by AI technology”和常识可推知，应该是人工智能技术驱动自然语言的处理。故选A。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：ChatGPT是一款由人工智能技术驱动的自然语言处理工具，允许你进行类
似人类的对话等等。A. conflicts冲突；B. challenges挑战；C. interests利益；D. conversations对话。根据下
文“The language model can answer questions”可知，ChatGPT可以回答用户的问题，所以应该是允许用户进
行类似人类的对话。故选D。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个语言模型可以回答问题并帮助你完成任务，例如编写电子邮件、论文
和代码。A. manage管理；B. control控制；C. assist协助；D. accompany陪伴。根据上文“a natural
language processing tool”和下文“such as composing emails, essays, and code”可推知，在这些任务上ChatGPT
作为自然语言处理工具，可以为我们提供协助。故选C。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它能够对各种各样的问题给出准确的回答，这就是为什么它成为有史以来
增长最快的应用程序，在短短两个月内就达到了1亿用户。A. ability能力；B. chance机会；C.
responsibility责任；D. purpose目的。根据下文“to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of
questions”可推知，这应该是ChatGPT具有的能力。故选A。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它能够对各种各样的问题给出准确的回答，这就是为什么它成为有史以来
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】增长最快的应用程序，在短短两个月内就达到了1亿用户。A. consulting咨询；B. reaching达到；C.
introducing介绍；D. counting计数。根据上文“became the fastest-growing app of all time”可知，ChatGPT成
为有史以来增长最快的应用程序，所以应该是达到了1亿用户。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还可以生成散文、文章和诗歌的事实增加了它的吸引力。A. cause引起；
B. return返回；C. exist存在；D. generate生成。根据上文“composing emails, essays, and code”可推知，
ChatGPT可以生成散文、文章和诗歌。故选D。
23．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：它还可以生成散文、文章和诗歌的事实增加了它的吸引力。A. added
to增加；B. connected to连接；C. devoted to致力于；D. owed to欠。根据下文“its appeal”可推知，这些能
力会增加ChatGPT的吸引力。故选A。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它在写代码和生产力任务方面也同样表现出色。A. determined坚定的；
B. equipped装备齐全的；C. talented有才能的；D. alarmed惊慌的。根据下文“makes it a powerful partner”
可知，ChatGPT是强大的伙伴，所以应该是在写代码和生产力任务方面表现出色，be talented in是固定短
语，意为“在……方面表现出色，在……方面有才能”。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于前者，它从自然语音中创建代码的能力使其成为新手和经验丰富的程
序员的强大合作伙伴。A. save保存；B. create创造；C. choose选择；D. describe描述。根据上文“coding”
可知，ChatGPT会写代码，所以应该是从自然语音中创造代码。故选B。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于前者，它从自然语音中创建代码的能力使其成为新手和经验丰富的
程序员的强大合作伙伴。A. cautious谨慎的；B. untrained未经训练的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. experienced
有经验的。根据上文“both new and”可推知，应该是对新手和经验丰富的程序员来说，ChatGPT都是强大
的合作伙伴。故选D。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管看起来非常令人印象深刻，但ChatGPT仍然有局限。A. limitations局
限；B. possibilities可能性；C. requirements要求；D. advantages优势。根据下文“Such restrictions”可知，
此处在讨论ChatGPT的局限。故选A。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些局限包括无法回答以特定方式措辞的问题，因为需要重新措辞它才
能理解输入的问题。A. right正确的；B. suitable合适的；C. specific特定的；D. natural自然的。根据下文
“as it requires rewording to understand the input question”可知，ChatGPT需要重新措辞才能理解输入的问题，
所以应该是不能回答一些特定方式措辞的问题。故选C。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个更大的限制是它提供的回复没有质量。A. approaches方法；B.
responses回应；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据上文“The language model can answer
questions”可知，ChatGPT会对用户的问题做出回答，所以应该是提供的回复没有质量。故选B。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：聊天机器人不了解此后发生的事件或新闻。A. notice通知；B. question问
题；C. feeling感觉；D. awareness意识。根据上文“Another major limitation is that its data is limited up to
2021.”可知，ChatGPT的数据只更新到2021年，所以应该是不了解2021年之后的事情，have awareness of
sth.意为“了解……”。故选D。
3.（2023·重庆市万州第二高级中学校考三模）
When it came to moral reasoning, we like to think our views on right and wrong are rational. But ultimately
they are grounded in emotion. Philosophers have argued over this claim for a quarter of a millennium without 31
. Time’s up! Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter. Though reason can shape
moral judgment, emotion is often 32 .
Harvard psychologist Joshua Greene does brainscans of people as they study the so-called trolley problem.
Suppose a trolley is rolling down the track toward five people who will die unless you pull a lever (杠杆) that
pushes it onto another track where, 33 , lies one person who will die instead. An easy call, most people
say: 34 the loss of life — a “utilitarian” (实用主义的) goal, as philosophers put it — is the thing to do.
But suppose the only way to save the five people is to push someone else onto the track — a bystander whose
body will bring the trolley to a stop before it hits the others. It’s still a one-for-five 35 , and you still
initiate the action that dooms the one. 36 , now you are more directly involved; most people say it would
be wrong to do this trade-off. Why? According to Greene’s brain scans, the second situation more thoroughly
excites parts of the brain linked to 37 than does the lever-pulling situation. Apparently, the intuitive
hesitation of giving someone a deadly push is more 38 than the hesitation of a deadly lever pull. Further
studies suggest that in both cases the emotional concerns 39 control with more rational parts of the brain.
In the second situation, the emotions are usually strong enough to win. And when they lose, it is only after a tough
40 process. The few people who approve of pushing an innocent man onto the tracks take longer to reach
their decision. So too with people who approve of smothering (闷死) a crying baby rather than catching the
attention of enemy troops who would then kill the baby along with other 41 . Greene explains that our
intuitive dislike to the killing of an innocent gradually evolved to become especially sensitive to visions of direct
physical attack.
Princeton philosopher Peter Singer argues that we should 42 our moral intuitions (本能) and ask
whether they deserve respect in the first place. Why obey moral impulses that evolved to serve the “ 43
gene” — such as sympathy that moves toward relatives and friends? Why not worry more about people an ocean
away whose suffering we could 44 relieve? Isn’t it better to save 10 starving African babies than to
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】keep your 90-year-old father on life support? In the absence of a tough decision-making process, reason may indeed
be a(n) “ 45 of the passions”.
31．A．comprehensionB．hesitation C．resolution D．permission
32．A．reliable B．invisible C．impressive D．decisive
33．A．unfortunately B．obviously C．surprisingly D．inevitably
34．A．regretting B．minimizing C．justifying D．estimating
35．A．struggle B．deal C．loss D．mistake
36．A．Likewise B．However C．Therefore D．Moreover
37．A．memory B．reason C．emotion D．sensory
38．A．enduring B．obvious C．acceptable D．intense
39．A．compete for B．come from C．take over D．engage in
40．A．self-reflecting B．decision-making C．problem-solving D．attention-calling
41．A．innocents B．hostages C．relatives D．soldiers
42．A．trust B．apply C．examine D．ignore
43．A．superior B．stubborn C．caring D．selfish
44．A．willingly B．collectively C．deliberately D．cheaply
45．A．master B．advocate C．slave D．protester
【答案】
31．C 32．D 33．A 34．B 35．B 36．B 37．C 38．D 39．A 40．B
41．A 42．C 43．D 44．D 45．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍当涉及道德推理时，我们喜欢认为我们对是非的看法是理性的，但
实际上它们是基于情感的，科学家们通过脑部扫描证实了这一结论。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：哲学家们对这一说法争论了250年，但没有得出结论。A. comprehension理
解；B. hesitation犹豫；C. resolution解决；D. permission允许。根据下文“Time’s up! Now scientists armed
with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter.”可知，现在借助脑部扫描的科学家正在解决这一问题，
所以之前哲学家们争论了很久但没有得出结论。故选C。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然理性可以影响道德判断，但情感往往是决定性的。A. reliable可靠的；
B. invisible看不见的；C. impressive令人印象深刻的；D. decisive决定性的。根据上文“Though reason can
shape moral judgment”可知，此处表达语义的转折，虽然理性可以影响道德判断，但是情感应该是更有决定
性。故选D。
33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：假设一辆电车沿着轨道朝五个人驶去，除非你拉动杠杆把它推到另一条轨
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】道上，不幸的是，另一条轨道上躺着一个会死的人。A. unfortunately不幸地；B. obviously显然地；C.
surprisingly令人惊讶地；D. inevitably不可避免地。根据空后“lies one person who will die instead”可知，另
一条轨道上会有因此而必死的人，所以是不幸的。故选A。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数人说，这是一个简单的号召：把生命的损失降到最低——正如哲学
家们所说的，这是一个“功利主义”的目标。A. regretting后悔；B. minimizing最小化；C. justifying
对……作出解释；D. estimating评估。根据上文一换五的抉择和下文“a “utilitarian” (实用主义的) goal”可知，
此处表达在这样的困境下，去做实用主义的决定，即把生命的损失降低到最低，决定用一个人的死亡换五
个人的生命。故选B。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这仍然是一换五的交易，你仍然发起了令另一个人死亡的行动。A.
struggle斗争；B. deal交易；C. loss失去；D. mistake错误。根据下文“to do this trade-off”可知，此处表达
把一个旁观者推向轨道，换来五个人的生命，还是一个一换五的交易。故选B。
36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，现在你更直接地参与其中；大多数人认为这种权衡是错误的。A.
Likewise相似地；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Moreover此外。根据空后“now you are more
directly involved”可知，此处是在和上一段的困境进行比较，突显现在的困境的不同，强调语义的转折，所
以However“但是”符合语境。故选B。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据Greene的脑部扫描，第二种情况比拉动杠杆的情况更能激发大脑中与
情感相关的部分。A. memory记忆；B. reason理性；C. emotion情感；D. sensory感官。根据下文“the
emotional concerns”可知，此处表达第二种情况下人们的决策不同，是因为这种情况与情感更相关。故选
C。
38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，给某人致命一推时，直觉上的犹豫比致命一拉杠杆时的犹豫更强
烈。A. enduring持久的；B. obvious明显的；C. acceptable可接受的；D. intense强烈的。根据上文“giving
someone a deadly push”和下文“the hesitation of a deadly lever pull”，并结合常识可知，推一个人去死和不拉
动杠杆让一个人死相比，更令人愧疚，所以引起的犹豫会更强烈。故选D。
39．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：进一步的研究表明，在这两种情况下，情感上的担忧在与大脑中更理
性的部分争夺控制权。A. compete for争夺；B. come from来自；C. take over接管；D. engage in参与。根据
下文“In the second situation, the emotions are usually strong enough to win.”可推知，此处表达情感和理性在
大脑中争取控制权。故选A。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而当它们失败时，也只是经过了艰难的决策过程。A. self-reflecting自我
反思的；B. decision-making决策的；C. problem-solving解决问题的；D. attention-calling引起注意的。根据
下文“take longer to reach their decision”可推知，此处表达情感败给理性的情况下，是经历了一个艰难的决
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】策过程的。故选B。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些赞成闷死哭泣的婴儿而不是引起敌军注意的人也是如此，敌军会杀死
婴儿和其他无辜的人。A. innocents无辜的人；B. hostages人质；C. relatives亲戚；D. soldiers士兵。根据空
前“enemy troops who would then kill the baby along with other”可推知，敌军会杀死婴儿以及和婴儿一样无
辜的人。故选A。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：普林斯顿大学哲学家Peter Singer认为，我们应该审视自己的道德直觉，首
先问问它们是否值得尊重。A. trust信任；B. apply运用；C. examine审视；D. ignore忽视。根据下文“ask
whether they deserve respect in the first place”可知，哲学家Peter Singer质疑我们的道德直觉，所以是觉得我
们应该审视它。故选C。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为什么要服从那些为“自私基因”服务的道德冲动——比如对亲友的同
情？A. superior更好的；B. stubborn固执的；C. caring体贴的；D. selfish自私的。根据下文“sympathy that
moves toward relatives and friends”可知，这种道德冲动会让我们偏向与自己更亲近的亲友，所以应该是自私
的基因。故选D。
44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为什么不更多地担心大洋彼岸的人们呢？我们可以低廉地减轻他们的痛苦。
A. willingly愿意地；B. collectively集体地；C. deliberately故意地；D. cheaply低廉地。根据下文“to save
10 starving African babies”可知，解决这些非洲婴儿的饥饿问题的花费应该是比较低廉的。故选D。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在缺乏艰难决策过程的情况下，理性可能确实是“激情的奴隶”。A.
master主人；B. advocate拥护者；C. slave奴隶；D. protester抗议者。根据上文“And when they lose, it is
only after a tough ____10____ process.”可知，在有艰难决策过程的情况下，情感会输给理性，所以艰难决策
缺席的时候，理性会输给情感，成为激情的奴隶。故选C。
4.（2023·安徽·合肥市第八中学校考模拟预测）
Students at an elementary school in California, with the help of their art teacher, created a telephone hotline
that people can call to get 46 advice from kids during difficult times. In just days, the hotline began
getting thousands of calls an hour.
Jessica Martin, who teaches art at West Side School in Healdsburg, California, 47 her students just
might have the magic words needed to bring 48 to people in these difficult times. “To hear the pure
49 from kids is extremely comforting,” she says.
The project was called “PepToc”. Actually, they called it “Pep Talk” (鼓励话语) first.. But when Ms. Martin’s
6-year-old son drew an advertisement for the hotline and 50 it “PepToc”, they 51 they liked
that even better.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】The hotline is 52 in English and Spanish. It offers the happy voices of 53 of different
ages sharing positive messages. For example, by pressing 3, you can 54 a group of kindergartners saying
together, “You can do it! Keep trying! Don’t give up!” Pressing 4 55 the sounds of children giggling
and laughing—a sound certain to bring a 56 to anyone’s face. Pressing 1 57 ideas for
people who are “feeling mad, frustrated, or 58 ” Helpful suggestions include “punch your pillow”, or
“go get a cookie”. Pressing2 results in “words of 59 and life advice”. This includes messages like “The
60 is a better place with you in it.”
46．A．reasonable B．rare C．mysterious D．cheerful
47．A．thought B．complained C．declared D．insisted
48．A．wealth B．attention C．calm D．luck
49．A．comment B．joy C．praise D．mind
50．A．pronounced B．typed C．spelled D．drew
51．A．decided B．learned C．changed D．assumed
52．A．spoken B．memorable C．popular D．available
53．A．callers B．children C．artists D．operators
54．A．witness B．suggest C．catch D．hear
55．A．generates B．records C．analyzes D．breaks
56．A．mark B．wrinkle C．smile D．tear
57．A．brings up B．laughs at C．gives away D．turn to
58．A．distracted B．content C．peaceful D．nervous
59．A．management B．encouragement C．judgement D．argument
60．A．hotline B．world C．school D．street
【答案】
46．D 47．A 48．C 49．B 50．C 51．A 52．D 53．B 54．D 55．A
56．C 57．A 58．D 59．B 60．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了加利福尼亚州一所小学的学生在艺术老师的帮助下创建的一条电话热线，
给人们带来了开心和鼓励。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：加利福尼亚州一所小学的学生在艺术老师的帮助下创建了一条电话热线，
人们可以在困难时期拨打该热线，从孩子们那里获得愉快的建议。A. reasonable合理的；B. rare罕见的；
C. mysterious神秘的；D. cheerful高兴的。下文“during difficult times (在困难时期)”指出是在困难时期寻求
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】建议，应该是要寻求积极向上，令人开心的建议。故选D项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：杰西卡·马丁在加利福尼亚州希尔兹堡的西区学校教授艺术，她认为她的学
生可能会掌握在这些困难时期给人们带来平静所需的神奇词汇。A. thought认为；B. complained抱怨；C.
declared宣称；D. insisted坚持。上文“Students at an elementary school in California, with the help of their art
teacher, created a telephone hotline (加利福尼亚州一所小学的学生在艺术老师的帮助下创建了一条电话热
线)”指出，学生们创建电话热线电话是在老师的帮助之下，因此可推测老师肯定认为这一通热线是有意义
的。故选A项。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰西卡·马丁在加利福尼亚州希尔兹堡的西区学校教授艺术，她认为她的学
生可能会掌握在这些困难时期给人们带来平静所需的神奇词汇。A. wealth财富；B. attention注意力；C.
calm平静；D. luck运气。下文“To hear the pure… from kids is extremely comforting, (从孩子们那里听到纯
粹的…是非常令人欣慰的，)”指出拨打热线会让人感到舒服，即它给予人们的是心情上好的转变，变得平
静属于此类。故选C项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“从孩子们那里听到纯粹的快乐是非常令人欣慰的，”她说。A. comment
评论；B. joy愉悦，快乐；C. praise表扬；D. mind思想。下文“It offers the happy voices… (它提供了快乐
的声音…)”指出该热线提供快乐的声音，故能带给人愉悦。故选B项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当马丁6岁的儿子为热线画一个广告时，并拼写为“PepToc”时，他们决
定更喜欢这个。A. pronounced宣布；B. typed打字；C. spelled拼写；D. drew画。上文“Actually, they
called it “Pep Talk” (鼓励话语) first. (事实上，他们首先称之为“鼓励话语”。)”指出，最初该热线是另一个
名字，和老师的儿子提供了存在字母上的差异，可推测这是老师6岁的儿子把单词拼写错了。故选C项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当马丁6岁的儿子为热线画一个广告时，并拼写为“PepToc”时，他们决
定更喜欢这个。A. decided决定；B. learned学习；C. changed改变；D. assumed认为。上文“The project
was called “PepToc”. (该项目被称为“PepToc”)”指出，该热线的名字为“PepToc”，是由最初的名字改过来
的，故表明在得到“PepToc”这个，名字之后，他们决定选择后者而不是最初的名字。故选A项。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：热线电话有英文和西班牙文两种版本。A. spoken口头的；B. memorable
值得纪念的；C. popular流行的；D. available可用的。下文“in English and Spanish (用英文和西班牙文打电
话)”指出，该热线可以通过两种语言拨打，故通过这两种语言都能用该热线。故选D项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它提供不同年龄段的儿童快乐的声音，分享积极的信息。A. callers呼叫者；
B. children孩子；C. artists艺术家；D. operators操作员。上文“Students at an elementary school in California,
with the help of their art teacher, created a telephone hotline that people can call to get cheerful advice from kids
during difficult times. (加利福尼亚州一所小学的学生在艺术老师的帮助下创建了一条电话热线，人们可以在
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】困难时期拨打该热线，从孩子们那里获得愉快的建议。)”指出，该热线是小学生创建的，因此听到的声音
肯定是孩子们的。故选B项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，按3，你可以听到一群幼儿园的孩子一起说：“你能行！继续努力！
不要放弃！”A. witness目击；B. suggest建议；C. catch抓住；D. hear听见。上文““To hear the pure joy
from kids is extremely comforting,” she says. (“从孩子们那里听到纯粹的快乐是非常令人欣慰的，”她说。)”
指出，拨打热线能够听到孩子们的快乐。故选D项。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：按4，会产生孩子们咯咯笑的声音——这种声音肯定会让任何人都会心一
笑。A. generates产生；B. records记录；C. analyzes分析；D. breaks打破。上文“It offers the happy voices
of children of different ages sharing positive messages. (它提供不同年龄段的儿童快乐的声音，分享积极的信
息。)”指出，只要拨打热线，就能听到不同的儿童快乐的声音，故此处肯定指的是按下3热线那头就传来
笑声，即有笑声产生。故选A项。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：按4，会产生孩子们咯咯笑的声音——这种声音肯定会让任何人都会心一
笑。A. mark记号；B. wrinkle皱纹；C. smile微笑；D. tear眼泪。上文““To hear the pure joy from kids is
extremely comforting,” she says. (“从孩子们那里听到纯粹的快乐是非常令人欣慰的，”她说。)”指出拨打热
线让人舒服，故听到孩子们的笑声，任何人的脸上会出现跟笑声一样的笑容。故选C项。
57．考查动词词组辨析。句意：按1，会给那些“感到精神错乱、沮丧或紧张”的人带来一些想法。A.
brings up调出，带来；B. laughs at嘲笑；C. gives away泄露；D. turn to向…求助。下文“Helpful
suggestions include “punch your pillow”, or “go get a cookie”. (有用的建议包括“打枕头”或“去拿饼
干”。)”指出按1能收到一些建议，故这些建议是按1这个动作带来的。故选A项。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：按1，会给那些“感到精神错乱、沮丧或紧张”的人带来一些想法。A.
distracted思想不集中的；B. content满意的；C. peaceful平和的；D. nervous紧张的。上文“feeling mad,
frustrated, or (感到精神错乱、沮丧或)”指出按1的人是精神错乱或者沮丧的人，因此空格处的用于表明人的
状况的词也和这两个词一样指出精神状态的问题，故nervous符合语境。故选D项。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：按2，会得到“鼓励和生活建议的话语”。A. management管理；B.
encouragement鼓励；C. judgement判断；D. argument争论。下文“The… is a better place with you in it. (有
你在，…会变得更美好。)”对拨打热线的人给予了表扬，这是一种鼓励。故选B项。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中包括诸如“有你在，世界会变得更美好。”之类的信息。A. hotline热
线；B. world世界；C. school学校；D. street街道。上文“Students at an elementary school in California, with
the help of their art teacher, created a telephone hotline that people can call to get cheerful advice from kids during
difficult times. (加利福尼亚州一所小学的学生在艺术老师的帮助下创建了一条电话热线，肯定是正对社会
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】上各行各业的人，因此地点范围不应该局限在学校或者小地方，而是告诉人们整个世界都因为他们变得更
好。故选B项。
5.（2023·浙江绍兴·统考模拟预测）
Wearing a caveman mask (面具), Dr. Marzluff walks across the camp at the university. Crows (乌鸦) circle
and scream. They dive at him and then suddenly fly away.
Beneath the mask，he smiles. Days before, he and his students had 61 cavemen masks caught
crows and 62 plastic bands on to their legs. Then they released the 63 birds.
“We always knew crows 64 us, but could we show it?” says Dr. Marzluff, a professor known
affectionately as the Crowman.
When the researchers walked around campus without masks, the crows they had caught and banded didn’t
65 to them. But when the 66 humans walked by while wearing the masks, the crows scolded (责
骂) loudly and dived at their “ 67 ”. The birds had remembered their 68 !
“Crows are constantly 69 us,” Dr. Marzluff says. “They look, they think, they eyeball you, 70
the situation.”
At first, only the banded birds reacted 71 to the people in masks. But in later tests, an increasing
number of crows began scolding them, even when the banded birds were not around. The birds had 72
from one another. Dr. Marzluff and his team followed banded crows for a year and 73 that adults even
pass this information to their 74 .
Dr. Marzluff’s experiments led him to study how crows’ 75 work.
61．A．picked out B．put on C．searched for D．taken off
62．A．dropped B．stepped C．pressed D．tied
63．A．unhappy B．beautiful C．black D．rare
64．A．hate B．attack C．recognize D．contact
65．A．wave B．react C．reply D．turn
66．A．friendly B．unkind C．different D．same
67．A．enemies B．professors C．owners D．followers
68．A．clothes B．faces C．organs D．figures
69．A．expecting B．admiring C．watching D．tolerating
70．A．estimating B．changing C．restoring D．worsening
71．A．rigidly B．automatically C．abnormally D．threateningly
72．A．resulted B．heard C．learned D．benefited
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】73．A．promised B．identified C．denied D．clarified
74．A．young B．neighbor C．partners D．opponents
75．A．wings B．noses C．legs D．brains
【答案】
61．B 62．D 63．A 64．C 65．B 66．D 67．A 68．B 69．C 70．A
71．D 72．C 73．B 74．A 75．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Marzluff博士和他的团队研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。他
们将乌鸦的腿绑上塑料带子，然后放了乌鸦，同时对捆绑的乌鸦进行跟踪，发现乌鸦能认出他们的脸，同
时发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼乌鸦。
61．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几天前，他和他的学生们戴上了山顶洞人的面具，抓住了乌鸦，并在他们
的腿上绑上了塑料带子。A. picked out挑选出；B. put on穿上；C. searched for搜寻；D. taken off脱下。由
上文“Wearing a caveman mask(面具)”可知，此处指戴上面具，故选B。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天前，他和他的学生们戴上了山顶洞人的面具，抓住了乌鸦，并在它们
的腿上绑上了塑料带。A. dropped掉落；B. stepped迈；C. pressed按压；D. tied系上。由下文“the crows
they had caught and banded(他们之前抓住并捆绑的乌鸦)”可知，在乌鸦的腿上绑上了塑料带子，故选D。
63．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后他们放了这些不开心的鸟。A. unhappy不高兴的；B. beautiful漂亮
的；C. black黑色的；D. rare稀少的。由上文“caught crows”可知，乌鸦被捕所以不开心，故选A。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们一直知道乌鸦能认出我们，但我们能表现出来吗？”Marzluff博士
说，他是一位被亲切地称为Crowman的教授。A. hate讨厌；B. attack攻击；C. recognize识别；D. contact
联系。由下文“the crows scolded (责骂) loudly”和实验内容可知，研究人员戴上面具在乌鸦腿上绑上塑料带
子，然后将它们放了，之后戴上面具后，发现乌鸦攻击他们，这说明乌鸦能认出他们，故选C。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当研究人员不戴口罩在校园里走动时，他们之前抓住并捆绑的乌鸦没有反
应。A. wave挥舞；B. react反应；C. reply回复；D. turn转弯。由下文“to them”可知，此处指乌鸦没有任
何反应，react to固定搭配，意为“对……的反应”，故选B。
66．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，当同一批人戴着面具走过时，乌鸦们大声斥责，并向它们的“敌
人”俯冲下去。A. friendly友好的；B. unkind不友善的；C. different不同的；D. same同样的。由下文
“humans walked by while wearing the masks”和常识可知，为了保证实验的可信性，应是同一批人戴着面具
走过，故选D。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，当同一批人戴着面具走过时，乌鸦们大声斥责，并向它们的“敌
人”俯冲下去。A. enemies敌人；B. professors教授；C. owners主人；D. followers追随者。由下文“the
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】crows scolded(责骂) loudly and dived at their”和上文提到的研究者捆绑乌鸦可知，乌鸦把他们当成敌人，在
认出他们之后去攻击他们，故选A。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鸟儿们记得他们的脸。A. clothes衣服；B. faces脸；C. organs器官；D.
figures人物。由下文“They look, they think, they eyeball you”可知，乌鸦能记住敌人的脸。故选B。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“乌鸦一直在观察我们，”Marzluff博士说。A. expecting期盼；B.
admiring钦佩；C. watching观看；D. tolerating忍受。由下文“They look”可知，乌鸦一直在观察他们，故
选C。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在看、在思考、在观察你，然后估计形势。A. estimating估计；B.
changing改变；C. restoring恢复；D. worsening变坏。由上文“They look, they think, they eyeball you,”和下
文“situation”可知，乌鸦观察他们是为了估计形势，去攻击他们，故选A。
71．考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初，只有被捆绑的鸟对戴面具的人有威胁性的反应。A. rigidly严格地；
B. automatically主动地；C. abnormally不正常地；D. threateningly威胁地。由下文“But in later tests, a(an)
increasing number of crows began scolding them,”可知，乌鸦攻击他们，对他们产生有威胁性的行为，故选
D。
72．考查动词词义辨析。句意：乌鸦们互相得知（信息）。A. resulted导致；B. heard听到；C. learned学
习；得知；D. benefited使受益。由下文“pass this information”可知，乌鸦们从同伴那里得知一些信息，故
选C。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Marzluff博士和他的团队对捆绑的乌鸦进行了一年的跟踪研究，发现成年
乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽。A. promised承诺；B. identified发现；C. denied否认；D. clarified澄清。
由上文“Dr. Marzluff and his team followed banded crows for a year”和下文“that adults even pass this
information to their”可知，Marzluff博士和他的团队研究发现了乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽，故选
B。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Marzluff博士和他的团队对捆绑的乌鸦进行了一年的跟踪研究，发现成年
乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼乌鸦。A. young幼崽；B. neighbor邻居；C. partners伙伴；D. opponents对
手。由上文“adults even pass this information to their”可知，成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给年幼的乌鸦，
故选A。
75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Marzluff博士的实验让他研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。A. wings翅膀；
B. noses鼻子；C. legs腿；D. brains大脑。由上文讲到的乌鸦能认出它们的敌人可知，Marzluff博士的实验
让他研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。故选D。
6.（2023·安徽·校联考模拟预测）
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years 76 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to
national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a 77 at the
Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and 78 experiments. “The first 79
is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang
explained. “After several generations of 80 and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we
81 a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n)
82 for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking, a good new 83 should produce high yields, have stable production, and 84
good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “ 85 , it also should be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team 86 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year. All year round they
were busy with 87 experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is 88 and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not 89
. All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find 90 on the land,” she said.
76．A．advertising B．cultivating C．discussing D．observing
77．A．journalist B．teacher C．researcher D．manager
78．A．precise B．efficient C．simple D．expensive
79．A．way B．attempt C．step D．question
80．A．encouragementB．support C．management D．trial
81．A．begin B．continue C．follow D．repeat
82．A．practice B．application C．declaration D．invitation
83．A．environment B．machine C．farmland D．variety
84．A．produce B．enhance C．show D．develop
85．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
86．A．watered B．bought C．protected D．planted
87．A．reporting B．designing C．conducting D．studying
88．A．normal B．tough C．varied D．specific
89．A．end up B．run out C．break up D．pay off
90．A．answers B．comfort C．dreams D．courage
【答案】
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】76．B 77．C 78．A 79．C 80．D 81．A 82．B 83．D 84．C 85．A
86．D 87．C 88．B 89．D 90．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国的“小麦之母”张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏培育新小麦品种
的事迹。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：张道荣在过去的26年里培育了13个小麦新品种，为国家粮食安全做出了
贡献，他做到了这两件事。A. advertising打广告；B. cultivating培育；C. discussing讨论；D. observing观察，
遵循。根据“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，是培育小麦。故选B。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位被称为“小麦之母”的50岁女性是襄阳市襄阳农业科学院的一名研究
员。A. journalist 记者；B. teacher教师；C. researcher研究者；D. manager经理。根据上文“who has spent
the last 26 years 1 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security”推知，张道荣
是一位研究小麦的研究员。故选C。
78．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对新品种的研究需要严格的标准和精确的实验。A. precise精确的；B.
efficient高效的；C. simple简单的；D. expensive昂贵的。呼应“strict standards”此处指精确的实验。故选
A。
79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“第一步是找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型。然后我们尝试杂交
组合，”张解释道。A. way方法，道路；B. attempt企图；C. step步骤；D. question问题。根据“to find
suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose”和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类
型是培育新品种的第一步。故选C。
80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“经过几代的试验和选择，当特性保持稳定时，我们开始了为期两年的产
量测试和疾病鉴定过程。”A. encouragement鼓励；B. support支持；C. management管理；D. trial审讯，试
验。根据常识可知，培育新品种需要经过（植物）几代的试验和选择，才能选出最优的。故选D。
81．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. begin开始；B. continue继续；C. follow跟随；D. repeat重复。结合
上文提到选出最优品种和“a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.”可知，接下来就应该
开始产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选A。
82．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几轮测试后，可以申请评估，批准用于市场生产。A. practice练习；
B. application应用，申请；C. declaration宣布；D. invitation邀请。根据“And after several more rounds of
tests”可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估。故选B。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她补充道：“一般来说，一个好的新品种应该产量高，产量稳定，并对恶
劣条件表现出良好的抵抗力。” A. environment环境；B. machine机器；C. farmland农田；D. variety种类。
根据上文“Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years 1 13 new varieties of wheat and
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】contributing to national food security, has done both.”可知，此处是指一个新的种类。故选D。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. produce生产，产生；B. enhance加强；C. show表明，表现；D.
develop发展。根据“good resistance to bad conditions”可知，此处指新品种要表现出良好的抵抗力。故选
C。
85．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“此外，它也应该被市场所接受。”A. Besides此外；B. However然而；
C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。结合语境可知，此处是对上文的补充说明，用besides符合题意。故
选A。
86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：张补充说，该团队每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。A. watered浇水；B. bought
购买；C. protected保护；D. planted种植。结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及“70,000 to 80,000 seedlings
(幼苗) each year.”可知，此处是指每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。故选D。
87．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年四季，他们都忙于对新苗的生长进行实验，并进行记录和分析。A.
reporting报道；B. designing设计；C. conducting进行；D. studying学习，研究。根据“experiments on the
growth of the new seedlings”可知，此处是指进行实验。故选C。
88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：农业研究工作既艰巨又复杂。A. normal正常的；B. tough棘手的，艰难
的；C. varied变异的；D. specific具体的。根据“complicated”并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，
农业研究是艰巨且复杂的。故选B。
89．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时你的努力没有回报。A. end up结束；B. run out用完；C. break up破裂；
D. pay off回报。根据上文“Agricultural research work is 1 3 and complicated.”可知，农业研究的特
点可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报的。故选D。
90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们所能做的就是多思考、多讨论，并在土地上找到答案。A.
answers答案；B. comfort安慰；C. dreams梦，梦想；D. courage勇气。上文提到有时付出可能没有回报再
结合“think more, discuss more”可知，只能多思考多讨论，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的
新品种。故选A。
7.（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）
Has someone ever told you something that made you doubt your own memory or judgment? If so, you may be
a 91 of gaslighting. “Gaslighting” is a kind of psychological abuse to gain 92 over others by
purposely making other people think they’re wrong even when they’re right. The term comes from Patrick
Hamilton’s play in 1938. Lead character Jack Manningham seeks to convince his wife Bella that she is 93 ,
by saying she is imagining the dimming (变暗) of the gas light in their home, when it was actually he who lowered
the brightness of the light.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】Gaslighting is initially used to talk about what happens in romantic relationships. However, many individuals
also experience gaslighting at work. 94 , a recent survey has found that 58% of the respondents said they
have experienced gaslighting at work. It’s 95 since gaslighting usually involves a power relationship and a
need to control others. In the workplace, the 96 between a boss and his employee can be the perfect
breeding (滋生的) ground for this type of behavior. Your boss might tell you to handle an assignment in a certain
way, but when you do, he gets 97 and says it wasn’t what he wanted. It makes you feel like your memory is
98 . In other situations, your boss may exclude you from a meeting 99 and when you ask him about it,
he might accuse you of being too sensitive instead of answering your question directly.
In order to find out whether your boss’s behavior really 100 gaslighting or he is just a poor
communicator, you could write down your experiences and ask yourself what really happened, what his motives
might have been, and how your emotion was 101 . But always be careful because gaslighters know how to
fly under the radar (雷达). They are skilled at weakening an employee’s confidence and sense of reality in a clever
and 102 way.
To protect yourself, at the end of the conversation with your boss, repeat back what you heard and follow up
with an e-mail restating the main points, 103 the interactions between you two. But don’t get your hopes
high that this will automatically solve the problem, Robin Stern, author of The Gaslight Effect, warns, because it’s
hard to get a gaslighter to 104 his behavior pattern. If things don’t improve, you may want to consider
getting out of the gaslighting situation by looking for a new position. It may be one of the best things you can do for
your 105 well-being.
91．A．creator B．victim C．host D．scholar
92．A．power B．wealth C．support D．experience
93．A．having fun B．feeling angry C．going crazy D．becoming younger
94．A．By comparisonB．Worse still C．After all D．In fact
95．A．unsurprising B．irrelevant C．unnecessary D．improper
96．A．harmonies B．dynamics C．phases D．replacements
97．A．annoyed B．interested C．frightened D．excited
98．A．visual B．painful C．faulty D．lasting
99．A．at random B．for sure C．in time D．on purpose
100．A．recommends B．constitutes C．escapes D．discovers
101．A．facilitated B．affected C．represented D．monitored
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】102．A．hard-to-proveB．easy-to-spot C．safe-to-learn D．tough-to-survive
103．A．interrupting B．overcoming C．abandoning D．documenting
104．A．submit B．attain C．change D．forgive
105．A．emotional B．physical C．virtual D．economic
【答案】
91．B 92．A 93．C 94．D 95．A 96．B 97．A 98．C 99．D 100．B
101．B 102．A 103．D 104．C 105．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是煤气灯效应和员工该如何保护自己免受这种效应的影响。
91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样，你可能是煤气灯的受害者。A. creator创造者；B. victim受害
者；C. host主人；D. scholar学者。根据上文“someone ever told you something that made you doubt your own
memory or judgment”可知，句子表示“你可能是煤气灯的受害者”。故选B。
92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gaslighting 是一种心理虐待，目的是故意让别人认为自己是错的，即使他
们是对的。A. power力量；B. wealth财富；C. support支持；D. experience经历。根据下文“purposely
making other people think they’re wrong even when they’re right”可知，句子表示“Gaslighting 是一种心理虐
待，目的是故意让别人认为自己是错的，即使他们是对的”，gain power over sb.意为“征服某人”。故选
A。
93．考查动词短语辨析。句意：主角Jack Manningham试图说服他的妻子贝拉相信她疯了，他说她是在想
象他们家的煤气灯变暗，而实际上是他调低了灯的亮度。A. having fun玩得开心；B. feeling angry感到生气；
C. going crazy发疯；D. becoming younger变得更年轻。根据下文“saying she is imagining the dimming (变
暗) of the gas light in their home, when it was actually he who lowered the brightness of the light”可知，主角Jack
Manningham试图说服他的妻子贝拉相信她疯了。故选C。
94．考查固定短语辨析。句意：事实上，最近的一项调查发现，58%的受访者表示他们在工作中经历过煤
气灯效应。A. By comparison相比之下；B. Worse still更糟糕的是；C. After all毕竟；D. In fact事实上。根
据下文“a recent survey has found that 58% of the respondents said they have experienced gaslighting at work”可
知，句子表示“事实上，最近的一项调查发现，58%的受访者表示他们在工作中经历过煤气灯照明”。故
选D。
95．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这并不奇怪，因为煤气灯照明通常涉及权力关系和控制他人的需要。A.
unsurprising不足为奇的；B. irrelevant不相关的；C. unnecessary不必要的；D. improper不适当的。根据下
文“since gaslighting usually involves a power relationship and a need to control others”可知，在工作中经历过
煤气灯效应是不足为奇的。故选A。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】96．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在工作场所，老板和员工之间的动态关系可能是这种行为的完美滋生地。
A. harmonies和谐；B. dynamics动态；C. phases短语；D. replacements替代。根据下文“between a boss and
his employee”可知，此处指“老板和员工之间的动态关系”。故选B。
97．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的老板可能会告诉你用某种方式处理一项任务，但当你这样做时，他
会很生气，说这不是他想要的。A. annoyed生气的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. frightened害怕的；D.
excited激动的。根据下文“says it wasn’t what he wanted”可知，句子表示“你的老板可能会告诉你用某种
方式处理一项任务，但当你这样做时，他会很生气，说这不是他想要的”。故选A。
98．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让你觉得你的记忆是错误的。A. visual视觉的；B. painful痛苦的；C.
faulty错误的；D. lasting持久的。根据上文“it wasn’t what he wanted”可知，句子表示“这让你觉得你的记
忆是错误的”，故选C。
99．考查固定短语辨析。句意：在其他情况下，你的老板可能会故意把你排除在会议之外，当你问他这件
事时，他可能会指责你太敏感，而不是直接回答你的问题。A. at random任意地；B. for sure毫无疑问地；
C. in time及时；D. on purpose故意地。根据下文“when you ask him about it, he might accuse you of being too
sensitive instead of answering your question directly”可知，句子表示“你的老板可能会故意把你排除在会议
之外，当你问他这件事时，他可能会指责你太敏感，而不是直接回答你的问题”。故选D。
100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯，还是他只是一个糟糕
的沟通者，你可以写下你的经历，问问自己真实发生了什么，他的动机可能是什么，以及你的情绪是如何
受到影响的。A. recommends推荐；B. constitutes构成；C. escapes逃跑；D. discovers发现。根据下文
“gaslighting or he is just a poor communicator”可知，此处表示“为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了
煤气灯，还是他只是一个糟糕的沟通者”。故选B。
101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯，还是他只是一个糟糕
的沟通者，你可以写下你的经历，问问自己真实发生了什么，他的动机可能是什么，以及你的情绪是如何
受到影响的。A. facilitated促进，推动；B. affected影响；C. represented代表；D. monitored监控。根据上
文“when you ask him about it, he might accuse you of being too sensitive instead of answering your question
directly”可知，老板这么对待员工，员工的情绪肯定会受影响，此处表示“你的情绪是如何受到影响的”。
故选B。
102．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们擅长用一种巧妙而难以证明的方式削弱员工的信心和现实感。A.
hard-to-prove难以证明的；B. easy-to-spot容易被发现的；C. safe-to-learn有把握学习的；D. tough-to-survive
难以存活的。根据下文“To protect yourself, at the end of the conversation with your boss, repeat back what you
heard and follow up with an e-mail restating the main points”可知，老板擅长用一种巧妙而难以证明的方式削
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】弱员工的信心和现实感。故选A。
103．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了保护自己，在与老板的谈话结束时，重复你听到的内容，然后发电
子邮件重申要点，记录你们之间的互动。A. interrupting打断；B. overcoming克服；C. abandoning放弃；D.
documenting记录。根据上文“repeat back what you heard and follow up with an e-mail restating the main
points”可知，此处表示“在与老板的谈话结束时，重复你听到的内容，然后发电子邮件重申要点，记录你
们之间的互动”。故选D。
104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，《煤气灯效应》一书的作者Robin Stern警告说，不要对这样就能
自动解决问题抱太大希望，因为要让一个煤气灯点燃者改变他的行为模式是很难的。A. submit提交；B.
attain得到；C. change改变；D. forgive原谅。根据上文“don’t get your hopes high that this will automatically
solve the problem”可知，句子表示“不要对这样就能自动解决问题抱太大希望，因为要让一个煤气灯点燃
者改变他的行为模式是很难的”。故选C。
105．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能是你为自己的情感健康所能做的最好的事情之一。A. emotional
情绪的；B. physical物理的；C. virtual虚拟的；D. economic经济的。根据上文“how your emotion was
___11__”可知，句子表示“这可能是你为自己的情感健康所能做的最好的事情之一”。故选A。
8.（2023·山东潍坊·统考模拟预测）
Like many people, public speaking once filled me with fear As a writer, I felt much more 106
expressing myself on the page, rather than on the 107 . Strangely, I found that the feelings of 108
to be perfectly tolerable; 109 , I was concerned with the ways that others would perceive my nervous
energy. A slight change of 110 , the unconscious biting of my lip — I assured that I’d be 111
for any nom-verbal signal that showed my lack of 112 . I was experiencing anxiety about my anxiety—
consequences that made the whole task feel much more 113 .
You might have 114 this yourself before a job interview or important work meeting in front of
senior colleagues. And the more you try to 115 your feelings, the more obvious they appear to others.
According to a striking new study, however, these concerns may be 116 . Jamie Whitehouse, a
research fellow at Nottingham Trent University in the UK, has shown that visible signs of stress are often 117
, leaving others more likely to like us and treat us 118 . If so, then we need not try so hard to 119
a calm-and-collected poker face, safe in the knowledge that people will relate well to our 120 .
106．A．anxious B．comfortable C．cautious D．hesitant
107．A．exam room B．video call C．stage center D．teacher’s desk
108．A．burden B．loneliness C．conflict D．anxiety
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】109．A．besides B．instead C．therefore D．otherwise
110．A．voice B．appearance C．attitude D．routine
111．A．paused B．rejected C．assessed D．warned
112．A．knowledge B．experience C．process D．confidence
113．A．astonishing B．terrifying C．pressing D．confusing
114．A．noticed B．refreshed C．mentioned D．supposed
115．A．permit B．declare C．hide D．deserve
116．A．practical B．inaccurate C．unpredictable D．unnecessary
117．A．appealing B．annoying C．frustrating D．convincing
118．A．warmly B．apparently C．curiously D．casually
119．A．remind B．require C．wander D．maintain
120．A．attention B．expectation C．emotions D．appreciation
【答案】
106．B 107．C 108．D 109．B 110．A 111．C 112．D 113．C 114．A
115．C 116．D 117．A 118．A 119．D 120．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者恐惧公开演讲，而且害怕别人看出自己紧张和不自信。然
而，根据一项引人注目的新研究，这些担忧可能是不必要的。研究指出压力的明显迹象通常很有吸引力，
让别人更有可能喜欢我们，热情地对待我们。
106．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名作家，比起站在舞台中央，我更愿意在纸上表达自己。A.
anxious焦虑的；B. comfortable舒服的，自在的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据上文“Like
many people, public speaking once filled me with fear.(和许多人一样，公开演讲曾让我充满恐惧)”可知，作者
更喜欢在纸上表达自己，即纸上表达自己更自在。故选B。
107．考查名词短语辨析。句意：作为一名作家，比起站在舞台中央，我更愿意在纸上表达自己。A. exam
room考场；B. video call视频电话；C. stage center舞台中央；D. teacher’s desk老师的课桌。根据上文
“Like many people, public speaking once filled me with fear.(和许多人一样，公开演讲曾让我充满恐惧)”可知，
作者不喜欢公开演讲，站在舞台中央，故选C。
108．考查名词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，我发现焦虑的感觉是完全可以忍受的；相反，我关心的是别
人会如何看待我紧张的情绪。A. burden负担；B. loneliness孤独；C. conflict冲突；D. anxiety焦虑。根据后
文“others would perceive my nervous energy”可知，这里指焦虑的感受。故选D。
109．考查副词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，我发现焦虑的感觉是完全可以忍受的；相反，我关心的是别
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】人会如何看待我紧张的情绪。A. besides此外；B. instead相反；C. therefore因此；D. otherwise否则。根据
后文“I was concerned with the ways that others would perceive my nervous energy.”可知，作者可以忍受焦虑
的感觉，反而却是别人如何看自己的紧张情绪让作者更加关心，故选B。
110．考查名词词义辨析。句意：声音的轻微变化，无意识的咬嘴唇——我确信我会被评估任何显示我缺
乏自信的非语言信号。A. voice嗓音；B. appearance外表；C. attitude态度；D. routine路线。根据后文“the
unconscious biting of my lip”可知，这里是在描述作者紧张时的活动，公开演讲肯定是嗓音有变化，故选
A。
111．考查动词词义辨析。句意：声音的轻微变化，无意识的咬嘴唇——我确信我会被评估任何显示我缺乏
自信的非语言信号。A. paused暂停；B. rejected拒绝；C. assessed评估；D. warned警告。根据后文“for
any non-verbal signal”可知，作者确信他人会评估自己缺乏自信的肢体语言。故选C。
112．考查名词词义辨析。句意：声音的轻微变化，无意识的咬嘴唇——我确信我会被评估任何显示我缺
乏自信的非语言信号。A. knowledge知识；B. experience经历；C. process过程；D. confidence自信。结合
上文可知，作者害怕公开演讲，且担心别人发现自己的紧张情绪，作者会无意识的咬嘴唇，这都是缺乏自
信的表现。故选D。
113．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对自己的焦虑感到焦虑——这导致整个任务变得更加紧迫。A.
astonishing惊人的；B. terrifying可怕的；C. pressing紧迫的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据上文“I was
experiencing anxiety about my anxiety—consequences that made the whole task feel much more”可知，作者对自
己的焦虑感到焦虑——这导致整个任务变得更加紧迫。故选C。
114．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在面试或重要的工作会议上，你可能已经在资深同事面前注意到了这一
点。A. noticed注意到；B. refreshed使恢复精神；C. mentioned提及；D. supposed认为。根据后文“this
yourself before a job interview or important work meeting in front of senior colleagues”此处指在面试或重要的工
作会议上，在资深同事面前注意到自己的焦虑情绪，故选A。
115．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你越试图隐藏自己的情绪，别人就会越明显地感觉到。A. permit允许；B.
declare宣布；C. hide隐藏；D. deserve值得。根据后文“your feelings, the more obvious they appear to others”
可知，越是试图隐藏自己的焦虑，别人就会越明显地感觉到。故选C。
116．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，根据一项引人注目的新研究，这些担忧可能是不必要的。A.
practical实际的；B. inaccurate不准确的；C. unpredictable不可预测的；D. unnecessary不必要的。后文提到
“压力的明显迹象通常很有吸引力，让别人更有可能喜欢我们，热情地对待我们”说明担心别人如何看待
自己焦虑的想法是不必要的。故选D。
117．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英国诺丁汉特伦特大学研究员Jamie Whitehouse表示，压力的明显迹象
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】通常很有吸引力，让别人更有可能喜欢我们，热情地对待我们。A. appealing吸引人的；B. annoying恼人的；
C. frustrating令人沮丧的；D. convincing令人信服的。根据后文“leaving others more likely to like us”可知，
压力的明显迹象通常很有吸引力，让别人更有可能喜欢我们，故选A。
118．考查副词词义辨析。句意：英国诺丁汉特伦特大学研究员Jamie Whitehouse表示，压力的明显迹象通
常很有吸引力，让别人更有可能喜欢我们，热情地对待我们。A. warmly热情地；B. apparently显然；C.
curiously好奇地；D. casually随意地。结合上文“leaving others more likely to like us and treat us”可知，压力
的明显迹象通常很有吸引力，让别人更有可能喜欢我们，热情地对待我们。故选A。
119．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样的话，那么我们就不需要那么努力地保持一张冷静和镇定的
扑克脸，因为我们知道人们会很好地理解我们的情感。A. remind提醒；B. require需要；C. wander漫游；
D. maintain维持，保持。根据后文“a calm-and-collected poker face”指努力保持一张冷静和镇静的扑克脸，
故选D。
120．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样的话，那么我们就不需要那么努力地保持一张冷静和镇定的
扑克脸，因为我们知道人们会很好地理解我们的情感。A. attention注意力；B. expectation期待；C.
emotions情感；D. appreciation感激。结合上文提到紧张可以让他人对我们很热情，说明别人能理解自己的
情感。故选C。
9.（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨三中校考一模）
Sammie Vance approached her principal at Haley Elementary with the idea of installing “buddy benches” into
her school playground to help others feel less lonely. The principal 121 of the idea. But wooden benches
are 122 . Just one would be worth nearly a thousand dollars. However, a bench made of 123
bottle caps would only be around $250. So Sammie 124 others in her community to collect enough caps
to make one bench. 125 , she managed to get bottle caps from 50 states. And thus, the initiative of
“Sammie’s Buddy Bench Project” was 126 .
Pretty soon, Sammie’s Buddy Bench Project began commanding the 127 of several news media. For
her amazing efforts, Sammie has been chosen the receiver of several 128 and was 129 one of
People magazine’s “Girls Changing the World”. And 130 , more than 200 bottle cap buddy benches
have been around at schools and parks across the country, plus Mexico and Australia.
This is, of course, not just a beautiful story about helping others. It’s also a major win for 131 . It
is reported that 1.3 billion bottle caps are used each year. These caps cannot be recycled in the same way along with
plastic bottles 132 each has a different melting point, and when they are 133 in, it can
ruin an entire batch (一批). And that’s when they get discarded. Millions of caps have been found in our 134
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】alone, which can be devastating to marine life. In fact, it’s one of the leading 135 of death. It’s big
caring hearts like Sammie’s that help our planet heal against damage.
121．A．complained B．allowed C．approved D．spoke
122．A．costly B．heavy C．productive D．valueless
123．A．reviewed B．recreated C．removed D．recycled
124．A．kept track of B．reached out to C．sang high praises forD．got rid of
125．A．UnfortunatelyB．Accordingly C．Apparently D．Eventually
126．A．born B．promoted C．obtained D．commented
127．A．attraction B．attention C．acceptance D．admission
128．A．campaigns B．contests C．assemblies D．awards
129．A．nicknamed B．introduced C．defined D．named
130．A．the other day B．to date C．by then D．until recently
131．A．sustainability B．changeability C．adaptability D．visibility
132．A．though B．as C．if D．when
133．A．combined B．mixed C．involved D．fitted
134．A．fields B．walls C．oceans D．rains
135．A．explanations B．questions C．ways D．causes
【答案】
121．C 122．A 123．D 124．B 125．D 126．A 127．B 128．D 129．D
130．B 131．A 132．B 133．B 134．C 135．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍Sammie Vance发起了一个名为“Sammie’s Buddy Bench Project”倡议，
呼吁大家回收瓶盖制作供人们休息的长椅，这有助于帮助地球从破坏中恢复。
121．考查动词词义辨析。句意：校长赞成这个想法。A. complained抱怨；B. allowed允许；C. approved赞
同；D. spoke讲。根据下文“So Sammie ___4___ others in her community to collect enough caps to make one
bench.”推知，校长赞成了Sammie的想法。故选C。
122．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但木头的长椅很贵。A. costly昂贵的；B. heavy重的；C. productive多
产的；D. valueless没有价值的。根据下文“Just one would be worth nearly a thousand dollars.”可知，木制的
长椅很贵。故选A。
123．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，一个由回收瓶盖制成的长椅只需250美元左右。 A. reviewed复习；
B. recreated在创造，重现；C. removed移除；D. recycled回收利用。根据下文“So Sammie ___4___ others
in her community to collect enough caps to make one bench”可知，此处是指用回收的瓶盖制作长椅。故选D。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】124．考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，Sammie向社区里的其他人求助，收集足够的瓶盖来制作一张长椅。
A. kept track of跟踪；B. reached out to伸手，求助；C. sang high praises for高度赞扬；D. got rid of摆脱。根
据“others in her community to collect enough caps”可知，Sammie一个人在短时间内不能收集足够多的瓶盖，
因此求助于社区的其他人。故选B。
125．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，她成功从50个州收集到了瓶盖。A. Unfortunately不幸的是；B.
Accordingly相应地，因此；C. Apparently显然；D. Eventually最终。根据上文“So Sammie ___4___ others
in her community to collect enough caps to make one bench.”可知，此处指经过Sammie和社区他人的努力，她
最终收集到了足够的瓶盖。故选D。
126．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，“Sammie的伙伴长椅项目”的倡议诞生了。A. born生，诞生；B.
promoted升值，促进；C. obtained获得；D. commented评论。根据下文“Pretty soon, Sammie’s Buddy
Bench Project began commanding the ___7___ of several news media.”可知，“Sammie的伙伴长椅项目”的倡
议诞生了。故选A。
127．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，Sammie的Buddy Bench项目开始吸引了几家新闻媒体的关注。A.
attraction吸引力，吸引物；B. attention注意力，关注；C. acceptance接受；D. admission 准许进入，进入权。
根据下文“Sammie has been chosen the receiver of several ___8___ and was ___9___ one of People magazine’s
“Girls Changing the World”. ”可知，Sammie的项目得到了媒体的关注。故选B。
128．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为她惊人的努力，Sammie被选为多个奖项的获得者，并被《人物》杂
志评为“改变世界的女孩”之一。A. campaigns运动，战役；B. contests竞赛，比赛；C. assemblies集会，
议会；D. awards奖品，奖励。根据“For her amazing efforts”可知，因为Sammie的努力她得到了多个奖项。
故选D。
129．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. nicknamed取绰号；B. introduced介绍，引入；C. defined定义；D.
named命名。“Girls Changing the World”是《人物》杂志给Sammie的头衔，用“命名”符合句意。故选
D。
130．考查短语辨析。句意：直到今天，在全国各地的学校和公园，加上墨西哥和澳大利亚，已经有200多
个瓶盖伙伴长椅。A. the other day几天前；B. to date至今；C. by then直到那时；D. until recently直到最近。
结合上文内容可知，此处是指“Sammie的伙伴长椅项目”自诞生以来获得的成就，to date符合句意。故选
B。
131．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也是可持续发展的重大胜利。A. sustainability耐久性，可持续性；B.
changeability可变性；C. adaptability适应性；D. visibility能见度。根据下文“It is reported that 1.3 billion
bottle caps are used each year.”可知，用可回收的瓶盖制作长椅是可持续性发展的体现。故选A。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】132．考查连词词义辨析。句意：这些瓶盖不能以相同的方式与塑料瓶一起回收，因为每个瓶盖的熔点都
不同，当它们混合在一起时，可能会破坏整个批次。A. though然而；B. as因为，当，即使；C. if如果；D.
when在......时候。结合句意可知，瓶盖的熔点不同是瓶盖不能和塑料瓶同时回收的原因。故选B。
133．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. combined联合；B. mixed混合；C. involved包括，涉及；D. fitted
适合。根据“it can ruin an entire batch”并结合常识可知，如果把瓶盖和塑料瓶混合在一起同时回收，会破
坏整个批次。故选B。
134． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：仅在我们的海洋中就发现了数百万个瓶盖，这可能会对海洋生物造成破
坏。A. fields田野，领域；B. walls墙；C. oceans海洋；D. rains雨。根据“which can be devastating to
marine life.”可知，此处是指在海洋中发现了数百万个瓶盖。故选C。
135．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，它是导致死亡的主要原因之一。A. explanations解释；B.
questions问题；C. ways方法；D. causes原因，起因。结合常识可知，海洋中的塑料是导致海洋生物死亡的
原因之一。故选D。
10.（2023·全国·高三专题练习）
The term “the imaginary audience” was invented by American child psychologist David Elkind in 1967. It is
defined as an adolescent’s psychological state 136 by the belief that people around are eagerly watching or
listening to him or her. This is because 137 are aware of the physical changes occurring in their bodies. And
they are 138 concerned with how everyone is 139 these changes.
The 140 of the imaginary audience are common. Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look
141 to others. Or they would follow different ongoing 142 that may help them fit into society. If
wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashion, teens would dress like that just to give a good 143
on their imaginary audiences. Teens also worry about the 144 mistakes they make in social settings. A
blackhead could make an adolescent girl 145 all day as she feels that she is being watched and judged.
However, in reality, there are only a small percentage of people who are actually interested in how somebody else
146 .
Though “the imaginary audience” is considered to be a 147 , it is a natural process in which an
adolescent tries to better understand his or her association with the world. As an individual’s perception of the
world 148 , he or she will gain more 149 viewpoints on his or her roles among people, rather
than imaginary ones. Thus, the effects of imaginary audiences will gradually 150 .
136．A．misled B．held C．driven D．characterize
137．A．adults B．teenagers C．elders D．professors
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】138．A．suddenly B．gradually C．strongly D．randomly
139．A．viewing B．facing C．accepting D．making
140．A．causes B．requirements C．examples D．results
141．A．strange B．plain C．sweet D．smart
142．A．events B．trends C．tips D．principles
143．A．comment B．assessment C．impression D．instruction
144．A．severest B．biggest C．fastest D．slightest
145．A．sleep B．relax C．sweat D．laugh
146．A．sounds B．feels C．smells D．looks
147．A．disorder B．relief C．pity D．blessing
148．A．reduces B．shows C．works D．matures
149．A．narrow B．permanent C．realistic D．personal
150．A．run out B．fade away C．set in D．come back
【答案】
136．A 137．B 138．C 139．A 140．C 141．A 142．B 143．C 144．D
145．C 146．D 147．A 148．D 149．C 150．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在“假想观众”的误导下，青少年的一些反应和做法。
136．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它被定义为青少年认为周围的人都在热切地看着或听着他或她而误导的
心理状态。A. misled误导；B. held握住、持有；C. driven驱使；D. characterize描述、刻画、成为……的特
征。根据“It is defined as an adolescent’s psychological state ___1___ by the belief that people around are
eagerly watching or listening to him or her.”可知，青少年认为周围的人都在热切地看着或听着他们，实际上
这只是一种假想，因而被“误导”，misled符合语境。故选A项。
137．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是因为青少年能意识到自己身体发生的变化。A. adults成年人；B.
teenagers青少年；C. elders长辈；D. professors教授。根据上文的“It is defined as an adolescent’s
psychological state”可知，此处指青少年，teenagers符合语境。故选B项。
138．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们非常关心大家如何看待这些变化。A. suddenly突然间；B. gradually
渐渐地；C. strongly强烈地；D. randomly随机地。根据上文“This is because ___2___ are aware of the
physical changes occurring in their bodies.”可知，青少年意识到自己身体发生了变化，所以非常关心大家如
何看待这些变化，strongly符合语境。故选C项。
139．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们非常关心大家如何看待这些变化。A. viewing观察、看待；B. facing
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】面对；C. accepting接受；D. making使得。根据句意可知，此处表示非常关心别人如何“看待”这些变化，
viewing符合语境。故选A项。
140．考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于假想观众的例子很常见。A. causes原因；B. requirements要求；C.
examples例子；D. results结果。根据后面的“Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look ___6___ to
others. Or they would follow different ongoing ___7___ that may help them fit into society.”可知是在举假想观
众的例子，此处examples符合语境。故选C项。
141．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：十几岁的孩子会不断地换衣服，以看起来和别人与众不同。A. strange
奇怪的、不寻常的；B. plain朴素的；C. sweet甜的；D. smart聪明的。根据“Teens would repeatedly change
their clothes to look ___6___ to others.”可知，不断换衣服是为了与众不同，此处strange符合语境。故选A
项。
142．考查名词词义辨析。句意：或者，他们会跟随不同的正在进行的趋势，这可能有助于他们融入社会。
A. events事件；B. trends趋势；C. tips秘诀、技巧；D. principles原则。根据“Or they would follow different
ongoing ___7___ that may help them fit into society.”可知，此处指追随不同的潮流和趋势，trends符合语境。
故选B项。
143．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果穿格子衬衫和牛仔裤是现在的时尚，青少年会这样穿，只是为了给
他们想象中的观众留下一个好印象。A. comment评论、意见；B. assessment评估、估价；C. impression印
象；D. instruction指示。根据“If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashion, teens would dress
like that just to give a good ___8___ on their imaginary audiences.”可知，如果格子衬衫和牛仔裤流行，就这
么穿，是因为想给别人留下好印象，impression符合语境。故选C项。
144．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：青少年还担心他们在社交场合中犯的最轻微的错误。A. severest最严重
的；B. biggest最大的；C. fastest最快的；D. slightest最少的、最细微的。根据常识可知，青少年由于步入
青春期，比较敏感，所以哪怕“最微小的”错误也会担心，slightest符合语境。故选D项。
145．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个黑头会让一个青春期的女孩整天焦虑，因为她觉得自己被关注和评
判。A. sleep睡觉；B. relax放松；C. sweat流汗、焦虑、紧张；D. laugh大笑、嘲笑。根据“A blackhead
could make an adolescent girl ___10___ all day as she feels that she is being watched and judged.”可知，觉得自
己被关注和评判，所以会“焦虑”，sweat符合语境。故选C项。
146．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在现实中，只有一小部分人真正对别人看起来如何感兴趣。A.
sounds听起来；B. feels摸起来；C. smells闻起来；D. looks看起来。上文提到的穿格子衣和牛仔裤、长黑
头等都属于外在方面的东西，由此可知，此处指很少有人关心别人“看起来”如何，looks符合语境。故选
D项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】147．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管“假想观众”被认为是一种紊乱，但这是青少年试图更好地理解自
己与世界联系的自然过程。A. disorder混乱、紊乱、疾病；B. relief放松、缓解；C. pity可惜、遗憾；D.
blessing幸事、支持、福祉。根据“Though “the imaginary audience” is considered to be a ___12___ , it is a
natural process in which an adolescent tries to better understand his or her association with the world.”可知，此处
应指虽然假想观众被认为是一种“紊乱”，但它却是青少年成长的自然过程，disorder符合语境。故选A
项。
148．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个人对世界的认知成熟时，他或她会对自己在人群中的角色有更现
实的看法，而不是想象中的角色。A. reduces减少；B. shows展示；C. works工作、起作用；D. matures成
熟。根据“As an individual’s perception of the world ___13___ , he or she will gain more ___14___ viewpoints
on his or her roles among people, rather than imaginary ones.”可知，此处指当一个人对世界的认知“成熟”时，
就会对自己在人群中的角色有更现实的看法，matures符合语境。故选D项。
149．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当一个人对世界的认知成熟时，他或她会对自己在人群中的角色有更
现实的看法，而不是想象中的角色。A. narrow狭窄的；B. permanent永久的；C. realistic现实的；D.
personal个人的。根据“As an individual’s perception of the world ___13___ , he or she will gain
more ___14___ viewpoints on his or her roles among people, rather than imaginary ones.”可知，此处指当一个
人对世界的认知成熟时，就会对自己在人群中的角色有更“现实的”看法，realistic符合语境。故选C项。
150．考查短语辨析。句意：因此，假想观众的影响将逐渐消失。A. run out用完、耗尽；B. fade away逐渐
消失；C. set in开始、到来；D. come back回来、记起。根据“Thus, the effects of imaginary audiences will
gradually ___15___ .”可知，当一个人对世界的认知成熟时，这种假想观众的影响也会“逐渐消失”，fade
away符合语境。故选B项。
11.（2023春·广东东莞·高三校考阶段练习）
Kerry Strum was badly defeated during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2021. She 151 Waves 4 Women,
a beach-based nonprofit that offers therapeutic (治疗的) surf lessons to women dealing with depressions. “ 152
was much like life,” she says. “You fall off the 153 , but the most important thing is getting back and
trying again. It was a 154 experience.”
Before 155 Waves 4 Women, Erin Jones, a co-founder, recognized that women who had
experienced pressure needed their own safe place to go through the 156 process. “If the learner has
experienced physical abuse, or even just a(n) 157 in trust in a relationship, she will feel more 158
in an environment with other women.”
About 150 women have 159 . Participants don’t need to have surfing experience. The nonprofit has
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】one instructor for every two students. It is all about teaching people to manage 160 . What’s nice about
surfing is that we identify skills that are 161 for women to learn mindfulness, self-talk, and 162
what’s around you.
Through Waves 4 Women, Jones hopes to build a 163 support community, a little expansion at a
time. “For some people, just lying on the board on their stomach may be a 164 thing. For others, it’s
getting on their knees or jumping up,” explains Jones. “We 165 whatever their success is. We let them
give themselves permission to have this time for themselves.”
151．A．looked for B．broke up C．commented on D．turned to
152．A．Working B．Surfing C．Volunteering D．Struggling
153．A．board B．beach C．road D．chair
154．A．medicine-learning B．sight-seeing C．life-changing D．time-killing
155．A．leaving B．visiting C．starting D．closing
156．A．recovery B．thinking C．aging D．cooperation
157．A．pride B．increase C．interest D．break
158．A．comfortable B．excited C．embarrassed D．responsible
159．A．failed B．donated C．benefited D．suffered
160．A．time B．balance C．housework D．stress
161．A．hard B．ridiculous C．helpful D．shocking
162．A．correcting B．noticing C．blaming D．attacking
163．A．broader B．cleaner C．happier D．smarter
164．A．simple B．funny C．dull D．big
165．A．offer B．regret C．celebrate D．hide
【答案】
151．D 152．B 153．A 154．C 155．C 156．A 157．D 158．A 159．C
160．B 161．C 162．B 163．A 164．D 165．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Kerry Strum因为疫情生病求助于冲浪组织的事情，给我们也介绍
了这样的非营利组织，给女性提供了更多展示自己成功的机会。
151．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她求助于以海滩为基础的非营利组织Waves 4 Women，该组织为患有抑郁
症的女性提供治疗性冲浪课程。A. looked for寻找；B. broke up（关系）破裂；C. commented on对......评论；
D. turned to求助于。根据前文“Kerry Strum was badly defeated during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2021.”可知，
Kerry在2021年疫情期间惨败，她向这个非营利性组织寻求帮助。故选D项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】152．考查动词词义辨析。句意：冲浪就像生活一样。A. working工作；B. surfing冲浪；C. volunteering做
志愿者；D. struggling挣扎。根据前文“Waves 4 Women, a beach-based nonprofit that offers therapeutic (治疗
的) surf lessons to women dealing with depressions. ”可知，她去了这个组织冲浪得出的感慨。故选B项。
153．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你会从跳板上掉下来，但最重要的是重新爬起来，再试一次。A. board板
子；B. beach海滩；C. road马路；D. chair椅子。根据前文“Waves 4 Women, a beach-based nonprofit that
offers therapeutic (治疗的) surf lessons to women dealing with depressions.”可知，冲浪要用冲浪板，这里指的
是从跳板上掉下来。故选A项。
154．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一次改变人生的经历。A. medicine-learning医疗学习的；B. sight-
seeing观光；C. life-changing改变生活的；D. time-killing消磨时光的。根据前文“You fall off the _______,
but the most important thing is getting back and trying again.”可知，Kerry从这次的冲浪经历中学习了很多，对
她来说是一次意义重大的事情，改变了她的生活。故选C项。
155．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在创办Waves 4 Women之前，联合创始人艾琳·琼斯意识到，经历过压力
的女性需要一个安全的地方来度过恢复过程。A. leaving离开；B. visiting参观；C. starting创办，开始；D.
closing关闭。根据后文“a co-founder”可知，Erin是这个组织的共同创立者。故选C项。
156．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在创办Waves 4 Women之前，联合创始人艾琳·琼斯意识到，经历过压力
的女性需要一个安全的地方来度过恢复过程。A. recovery康复；B. thinking思考；C. aging变老；D.
cooperation合作。根据前文“ a beach-based nonprofit that offers therapeutic (治疗的) surf lessons to women
dealing with depressions.”可知，这个组织用来给治愈抑郁症的女性提供冲浪治疗课程，她们需要这个组织
来度过康复过程。故选A项。
157．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果学习者经历过身体虐待，甚至只是在一段关系中失信。A. pride骄傲；
B. increase增加；C. interest兴趣；D. break（关系）破裂。根据前文“the learner has experienced physical
abuse”以及“or”可知，这两种情况前后并列，前句说经历身体虐待，后句说可能是关系破裂导致失信。故
选D项。
158．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她会在和其他女性相处的环境中感到更舒服。A. comfortable舒服的；
B. excited兴奋的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. responsible有责任心的。根据前文“If the learner has
experienced physical abuse”可知，经历过这些情况的女性在这个组织里与其他女性相处会更加舒服。故选A
项。
159．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约150名妇女从中受益。A. failed失败；B. donated捐赠；C. benefited
受益；D. suffered遭受。根据后文“What’s nice about surfing is that we identify skills that are _______ for
women to learn mindfulness, self-talk, and _______ what’s around you.”可知，有150个女性加入并从中获益。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】故选C项。
160．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这都是关于教会人们如何管理平衡。A. time时间；B. balance平衡；C.
housework家务；D. stress压力。根据前文“Waves 4 Women, a beach-based nonprofit that offers therapeutic
(治疗的) surf lessons to women dealing with depressions. ”可知，学习冲浪需要身体保持平衡。故选B项。
161．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：冲浪的好处在于，我们发现了有助于女性学习专注、自我对话和注意
周围事物的技能。A. hard艰难的；B. ridiculous荒谬的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. shocking令人震惊的。根
据前文“It is all about teaching people to manage ________.”可知，冲浪让我们学习到对我们女性有好处的技
能。故选C项。
162．考查动词词义辨析。句意：冲浪的好处在于，我们发现了有助于女性学习专注、自我对话和注意周
围事物的技能。A. correcting改正；B. noticing注意；C. blaming责怪；D. attacking攻击。根据前文
“mindfulness”可知，这个组织有助于女性学习专注，注意到周围事物。故选B项。
163．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：琼斯希望通过Waves 4 Women建立一个更广泛的支持社区，一次扩大
一点。A. broader宽阔的；B. cleaner干净的；C. happier幸福的；D. smarter聪明的。根据后文“a little
expansion”可知，一次扩大一点，琼斯想建立一个更宽阔，更广泛的社区。故选A项。
164．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对一些人来说，趴在冲浪板上可能是一件大事。A. simple简单的；B.
funny有趣的；C. dull无聊的；D. big大的。根据后文“whatever their success is”可知，对于一些人来说，
能趴在冲浪板上冲浪就已经是一次成功，一次了不起的事。故选D项。
165．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们庆祝他们的成功。A. offer提供；B. regret后悔；C. celebrate庆祝；
D. hide躲藏。根据后文“We let them give themselves permission to have this time for themselves”可知，我们
让他们允许自己拥有属于自己的时间。无论成功大小，都会给她们庆祝。故选C项。
12.（2023春·广东·高三惠州一中校联考阶段练习）
Anxious exam candidates’ problem is the run-up or preparation, not the exam itself.
Exams are always tense and worrying, especially for those of an anxious disposition. The silence of the hall;
the 166 of the clock; the content expression of the person at the neighbouring desk. It therefore seems
167 surprising that those who worry about tests do systematically 168 than those who do not.
Unexpectedly, according to research in Psychological Science by Maria Theobald, it is not the pressure of the exam
which causes the problem. It is the 169 pressure.
What Dr Therobald found was that 170 on the day of the test did not predict exam performance at
all. What predicted it was the level of knowledge a student 171 in the earlier learning activities and the
mock (模拟) exam. Those who 172 well in these also did well in the real thing, 173 how
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】anxious they were on the day. What actually 174 students were high levels of anxiety during the weeks
before the exam took place. The greater a student’s anxiety in the days before the exam, the lower his or her
knowledge-gain was during that period, leaving that student with less material to 175 during the exam
itself.
This is a positive discovery, for it suggests the anxious might achieve better result by adjusting their 176
when revising. Dr. Theobald notes that test-anxiety is at its worst when students have low 177 of success
and at the same time know that passing the exam is 178 important. To reduce this anxiety, she
proposes a 179 for students to consider as they revise. First, they can raise their belief in their own
abilities by reminding themselves of just how much they know. Second, they can 180 the significance
of the test by reminding themselves that, while it is important, it is not a life or death situation. It really isn’t.
166．A．clicking B．ticking C．dropping D．ringing
167．A．slightly B．basically C．hardly D．completely
168．A．worse B．better C．less D．higher
169．A．presentation B．memory C．revision D．time
170．A．atmosphere B．expression C．outcome D．anxiety
171．A．prepared B．forgot C．displayed D．increased
172．A．performed B．responded C．behaved D．activated
173．A．because of B．as for C．except for D．regardless of
174．A．took back B．held back C．pushed back D．brought back
175．A．record B．review C．recite D．reproduce
176．A．approach B．view C．preparation D．material
177．A．spirits B．attitude C．expectation D．ideas
178．A．immediately B．anxiously C．approximately D．extremely
179．A．theory B．strategy C．plan D．decision
180．A．decrease B．enhance C．realize D．recognize
【答案】
166．B 167．C 168．A 169．C 170．D 171．C 172．A 173．D 174．B
175．D 176．A 177．C 178．D 179．B 180．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，说明了考试前的严重焦虑会影响测试结果，并提供了减少焦虑的方法和策略。
166．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大厅里的寂静；时钟的滴答声；邻桌人的内容表达。A. clicking点击；B.
ticking钟滴答行走；C. dropping掉落；D. ringing响铃。根据前文“those of an anxious disposition”及“the
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】clock”可知，钟的滴答声会让考生紧张。故选B项。
167．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，那些担心考试的人比那些不担心考试的人表现得更差似乎不足为
奇。A. slightly稍微；B. basically基本上；C. hardly几乎不；D. completely完全地。根据“that those who
worry about tests do systematically ____3____ than those who do not.”可知，越是担心考试的人越考得不好，
这是不足为奇的，hardly表示否定，符合此处语境。故选C项。
168．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. worse更糟糕的；B. better更好的；C. less更少的；D. higher更
高的。根据“that those who worry about tests do systematically ____3____ than those who do not.”可知，担心
考试的人会比不担心的人表现更糟糕。故选A项。
169．考查名词词义辨析。句意：是复习压力。A. presentation颁发；B. memory记忆；C. revision修订、复
习；D. time时间、次数。根据前文“it is not the pressure of the exam which causes the problem”并结合下文
“in the earlier learning activities and the mock exam”可知，不是考试本身压力，而是复习压力会导致这些问
题。故选C项。
170．考查名词词义辨析。句意：塞洛博尔德博士发现，考试当天的焦虑程度根本不能预测考试成绩。A.
atmosphere氛围、气氛；B. expression表达；C. outcome结果；D. anxiety焦虑。根据下文“Those who
____7____ well in these also did well in the real thing, ____8____ how anxious they were on the day.”可知，考试
当天的焦虑程度不能预测考试成绩。故选D项。
171．考查动词词义辨析。句意：预测结果的是学生在早期学习活动和模拟考试中展示的知识水平。A.
prepared准备；B. forgot忘记；C. displayed展示；D. increased增加。根据“What predicted it was the level of
knowledge”及“in the earlier learning activities and the mock exam.”可知，学生在早期学习活动和模拟考试中
展示的知识水平对于预测学生成绩很重要。故选C项。
172．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些在这些测试中表现好的人在真实测试中也表现得很好，不管他们当
天有多焦虑。A. performed（成绩、学业）表现；B. responded回应；C. behaved（行为举止）表现；D.
activated激活。根据“Those who ____7____ well in these also did well in the real thing”可知，在早期和模拟
测试中表现好的人在真实测试中也表现得很好。此处指的是学业上的表现。故选A项。
173．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意同上。A. because of因为；B. as for关于；C. except for除了……外；D.
regardless of不管、无论。根据“how anxious they were on the day”可知，无论如何焦虑，之前的学业成绩好，
真实测试中也会表现好。故选D项。
174．考查动词短语辨析。句意：真正阻碍学生考试的是考试前几周的高度焦虑。A. took back取回；B.
held back隐瞒、阻碍；C. pushed back推回；D. brought back使……恢复。根据“high levels of anxiety
during the weeks before the exam took place”可知，考前高度焦虑才是真正阻碍学生发挥的因素。故选B项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】175．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个学生在考试前几天越焦虑，他或她在考试期间获得的知识就越少，
在考试期间可以再现的材料就越少。A. record记录；B. review回顾、复习；C. recite背诵；D. reproduce复
制、繁殖、再现。根据“during the exam itself”可知，学生考前越是焦虑，在考前复习获得的知识越少，从
而在脑海中可以再现的知识材料就越少。故选D项。
176．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个积极的发现，因为它表明焦虑者在复习时通过调整他们的方法
可能会获得更好的结果。A. approach方法；B. view观点；C. preparation准备；D. material材料。根据
“adjusting their ____11____ when revising”可知，上文的发现，可以通过调整方法获得结果的改善。故选A
项。
177．考查名词词义辨析。句意：塞洛博尔德博士指出，当学生对成功的期望很低，同时又知道通过考试
是极其重要的时候，考试焦虑是最严重的。A. spirits精神；B. attitude态度；C. expectation期待；D. ideas
主意。根据“test-anxiety is at its worst”可知，当学生对成功的期望很低时，学生会十分焦虑。故选C项。
178．考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. immediately立即；B. anxiously焦急地；C. approximately大约；D.
extremely极其地。根据“test-anxiety is at its worst”并结合上一空语境可知，当期望很低，而考试又极其重
要时，是最焦虑的时候。故选D项。
179．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了减少这种焦虑，她提出了一种策略供学生在复习时考虑。A. theory
原理；B. strategy策略；C. plan计划；D. decision决定。根据下文“First, Second,”可知，此处Dr. Theobald
提出了一种策略，帮助学生考试时缓解焦虑。故选B项。
180．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其次，他们可以通过提醒自己，虽然这很重要，但这不是生死攸关的情
况，来降低测试的重要性。A. decrease减少；B. enhance增强；C. realize意识到、实现；D. recognize认出、
辨别出。根据“while it is important, it is not a life or death situation. It really isn’t.”可知，Dr. Theobald建议学
生们减少看待考试的重要性来减少焦虑。故选A项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
