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专题 18 阅读理解（说明文）
刷大题、提能力
1. （云南师范大学附属中学2023年高三试题）
Lately, it’s felt like technological change has entered an incredible speed. Companies like OpenAI and Google
have unveiled new Artificial Intelligence systems with incredible capabilities, making what once seemed like
science fiction an everyday reality. It’s an era that is raising big, existential questions for us all, about everything
from the future of human existence to the future of human work.
“Things are changing so fast,” says Erik Brynjolfsson, a leading, technology-focused economist based at
Stanford University. As he notes, this new wave of technological change looks like it could be pretty different.
Unlike before, experienced and skilled workers benefited mostly from AI technology. In this new wave, it’s the less
experienced and less skilled workers who benefit the most. “And that might be helpful in terms of closing some of
the inequality that previous technologies actually promoted,” Brynjolfsson says. So one benefit of intelligence
machines is—maybe —they will improve the know-how and smarts of low performers, thereby reducing
inequality.
But it’s also possible that AI could lower the profit of the experienced, smart, or knowledgeable ones. AI could
reduce inequality by bringing the bottom up, and it could also reduce inequality by bringing the top and middle
down.
Of course, as Erik put, it’s also possible that Al could end up increasing inequality even more. For one, it could
make the Big AI companies, which own these powerful new systems, wildly rich. It could also empower business
owners to replace more and more workers with intelligent machines. And it could kill jobs for all but the best of the
best in various industries, who keep their jobs because maybe they’re superstars or because maybe they have
seniority.
The effects of AI, of course, are still very much being studied-and these systems are evolving fast — so this is
just an assumption. This machine intelligence could upend much of the previous thinking on which kinds of jobs
will be affected by automation.
1．What do the underlined words “the know-how and smarts” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Experience and intelligence. B．Skills and potential.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．Abilities and experience. D．Outlook and talents.
2．Who will gain more in this new AI era?
A．The senior with high rank. B．The new with little experience.
C．The learned with great credit. D．The poor with practical skills.
3．Which statement will Erik probably agree with?
A．The fast development of AI will promote the division of inequality.
B．The best of all walks of life will survive the competition against AI systems.
C．Giant AI companies will be the winner in the future world of new AI systems.
D．Lower rank workers with little knowledge are bound to be abandoned by employers.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．The Fast Growth of the World B．The Influence of the Inequality
C．The Impact of the AI System D．The Future of the AI Generation
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了经济学家Erik就OpenAI等新兴人工智能公司所触发的新人工智能
对人类未来可能产生的影响的研究。
1．词义猜测题。根据第二段“In this new wave, it’s the less experienced and less skilled workers who benefit
the most.”（在这股新浪潮中，经验不足、技术含量较低的工人受益最大。）可知，智能机器的一个益处就
是提升较低的工作表现者的经验和智力，从而推断出划线短语the know-how and smarts在句中意为“经验
和智力”，和A项“经验和智力”意思相同。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“In this new wave, it’s the less experienced and less skilled workers who benefit
the most.”（在这股新浪潮中，经验不足、技术含量较低的工人受益最大。）可知，在新的人工智能时代受
益最多的是经验不足的新人。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Of course, as Erik put, it’s also possible that Al could end up increasing inequality
even more. For one, it could make the Big AI companies, which own these powerful new systems, wildly rich.”(当
然，正如Erik所说，人工智能最终也有可能进一步加剧不平等。首先，它可以让拥有这些强大新系统的大
型人工智能公司变得非常富有。）可知，Erik赞同的观点是巨型人工智能公司将成为未来新人工智能系统
世界的赢家。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“So one benefit of intelligence machines is—maybe —they will improve the
know-how and smarts of low performers, thereby reducing inequality.”（因此，智能机器的一个好处是——也许
——它们将提高低绩效者的专业知识和智慧，从而减少不平等。）及第三段“Of course, as Erik put, it’s also
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】possible that Al could end up increasing inequality even more.”（当然，正如Erik所说，人工智能最终也有可
能进一步加剧不平等。）及最后一段“The effects of AI, of course, are still very much being studied-and these
systems are evolving fast — so this is just an assumption.”（当然，人工智能的影响仍在研究中，这些系统正
在快速发展——所以这只是一个假设。）可知，本文主要通过人工智能对工作者和加剧了社会不平等两个
方面讲述了人工智能的影响，C项“人工智能的影响”符合题意。故选C项。
2.（2023-2024学年湖南省名校大联考英语试题）
PFAS are found in nonstick pans, water-proof fabrics and food packaging. They're called forever chemicals
because of their ability to stick around and not break down. Now, using a bit of heat and two relatively common
compounds, researchers have degraded(降解) the chemical in the lab.
While some scientists have found relatively simple ways of breaking down select PFAS,most degradation
methods require harsh processes using intense pressure—in some cases over 22 mega-pascals—or extremely high
temperatures—sometimes upwards of 1,000℃ —to break the chemical bonds.
William Dichtel, from Northwestern University in Evanston, and his team experimented with two substances
found in nearly every chemistry lab; sodium hydroxide(氢氧化钠),also known as lye, and a solvent(溶剂)called
DMSO. The team worked specifically on a group of forever chemicals which contain a large percentage of PFAS.
When the team combined chemicals with the lye and DMSO at 120℃ and with no extra pressure needed, the
carbolic acid(羧酸)fell off the chemicals and became carbon dioxide."What happened next was unexpected,"
Dichtel said. The loss of the acid helped degrade the chemicals into fluoride ions(氟离子)and smaller carbon-
containing products, leaving behind no harmful by-products.
"It's a neat method; it's different from others that have been tried," says Chris Sales, an environmental
engineer at Drexel University in Philadelphia who was not involved in the study."The biggest question is how this
could be adapted and scaled up. Understanding this mechanism is just one step in undoing forever chemicals,"
Sales said.
This process wouldn't work to deal with PFAS in the environment, because it requires a concentrated amount
of the chemicals, but it could one day be used in wastewater treatment plants, where the pollutants could be filtered
out of the water, concentrated and then broken down.
5. What can we learn about the previous ways to break down PFAS?
A. They're eco-friendly. B. They've been widely used.
C. They're difficult to operate. D. They're regarded as useless.
6. What did the team do in their experiment?
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】A. They experimented with different solvents.
B. They tried two very common substances.
C. They tested every group of forever chemicals,
D. They exposed chemicals to extreme temperatures.
7.What made the researchers most surprised in their experiment?
A. Environmentally-friendly reactions occurred.
B. The carboxylic acid became carbon dioxide.
C. No extra pressure was needed for the trial.
D. The lye and DMSO could work at 120℃,
8. What can we infer from Chris Sales' words?
A. It is difficult to deal with PFAS in the environment.
B. This mechanism will soon be used in the environment.
C. The method will be applied to different kinds of chemicals.
D More research is needed before the method is widely used.
【答案】5. C 6.B 7.A 8.D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国埃文斯顿西北大学的研究人员发现了一种新的方法来分解那些难以分解
的PFAS。
5.C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“…most degradation methods require harsh processes using intense
pressure—in some cases over 22 megapascals—or extremely high temperatures—sometimes upwards of 1,000℃
—to break the chemical bonds”可知，以前的那些分解方法需要高压高温，因此很难操作。
6.B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“… and his team experimented with two substances found in nearly every
chemistry lab: sodium hydroxide(氢氧化钠),also known as lye, and a solvent(溶剂)called DMSO”可知，William
Dichtel团队使用了两种很常见的物质。
7.A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘What happened next was unexpected,'Dichtel said. The loss of the acid
helped degrade the chemicals into fluoride ions(氟离子)and smaller carbon-containing products, leaving behind no
harmful by-products.”可知，他们没预料到会有非常环保的化学反应发生。
8.D。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的"'The biggest question is how this could be adapted and scaled
up.Understanding this mechanism is just one step in undoing forever chemicals,'Sales said.”可知，Chris Sales认
为想要广泛地应用这个方法还需要很多研究。
3.（江西省宜丰中学2023年高三试题）
Some people say that the planet is getting smaller, that there are few places left to explore, and that the age of
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】exploration will be over soon.
I would argue instead that there has never been a greater need to explore. That’s because the stage for all
exploration is the natural world, and nature is experiencing a rapid decline. It is by exploring that we understand
and when we understand we develop an appreciation for what is found. Ultimately, only the things we appreciate
are worth protecting.
As the golden age of exploration weakens, so does the richness of life on Earth. It isn’t just that there are fewer
blank areas on the map; it is that wild places and spaces have been progressively carved up (瓜分). Visiting the
Okavango Delta or Kalahari Desert, for example, no longer implies a self-supported expedition. Field stations pop
up in important national parks and remote sensing by satellite becomes commonplace.
In the next century, I believe we will need larger and wilder areas. We will need the wilderness, not just for the
protection of it, but because it is an important part of the ecosystems from which we gain our necessities like clean
water, food and materials. If we succeed, then expeditions — brief travels into the wild that seek to answer
questions, monitor populations, and inspire action — will have a renewed sense of purpose. More importantly, they
greatly help the public experience, understand and appreciate nature.
Based on my own research expedition which aims to understand “edge effects” — how the changes in
temperature at forest edges impact animals, I find it important that today’s scientists continue to spend time in the
field. It is here that they begin to understand how seemingly unrelated environmental interactions influence their
study system. Sometimes, it’s difficult to know which is important to measure until you stand out there on the forest
edge.
It is the young generation that is the main force to lead the next wave of expeditions. The measure of their
success will be whether there are still well-preserved wild places for expeditions in the future. Their leadership is
needed now, more than ever.
9．What’s the purpose of this text?
A．To suggest understanding nature by keeping exploring.
B．To advise people not to travel to unknown places.
C．To inform us about the reduced biodiversity.
D．To call on the public to support the study.
10．What can we know about the expedition in wild spaces from Paragraph 3?
A．It is difficult for explorers to make progress.
B．It is more accessible with the help of technology.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．It promotes the development of satellite technology.
D．It requires explorers to take sufficient heavy equipment.
11．What does the underlined part “pop up” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Appear unexpectedly. B．Close temporarily.
C．Develop quickly. D．Differ greatly.
12．What does the author realize after his research expedition?
A．The significance of scientists’ field trip.
B．The difficulty of carrying out fieldwork.
C．The need to expand the edges of forests.
D．The influence of his study on the environment.
【答案】9．A 10．B 11．A 12．A
【导语】本文是说明文，文章主要介绍了科学家实地探索来了解自然的重要性。通过探索，人们才能理解
并欣赏值得保护的东西。
9．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“I would argue instead that there has never been a greater need to
explore. That’s because the stage for all exploration is the natural world, and nature is experiencing a rapid decline.
It is by exploring that we understand and when we understand we develop an appreciation for what is found.
Ultimately, only the things we appreciate are worth protecting.(相反，我想说的是，从未有过更大的探索需求。
这是因为所有探索的舞台都是自然界，而自然界正在经历迅速的衰退。正是通过探索，我们理解了，当我
们理解了，我们就会对所发现的东西产生欣赏。最终，只有我们欣赏的东西才值得保护。)”和第四段“If
we succeed, then expeditions — brief travels into the wild that seek to answer questions, monitor populations, and
inspire action — will have a renewed sense of purpose. More importantly, they greatly help the public experience,
understand and appreciate nature.(如果我们成功了，那么探险队——短暂的野外旅行，寻求回答问题、监测
种群并激励行动——将有新的目标感。更重要的是，它们极大地帮助公众体验、理解和欣赏自然。)”可推
知，文章的写作目的是建议通过不断探索来了解自然。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Visiting the Okavango Delta or Kalahari Desert, for example, no longer
implies a self-supported expedition. Field stations pop up in important national parks and remote sensing by
satellite becomes commonplace.(例如，访问奥卡万戈三角洲或卡拉哈里沙漠，就不再意味着自力更生的探险。
在重要的国家公园里都会出现野外观测站，利用卫星进行遥感也会变得很普遍。)”可推知，在技术的帮助
下，野外探险更加容易到达，故选B。
11．词句猜测题。划线词组上文讲到“Visiting the Okavango Delta or Kalahari Desert, for example, no longer
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】implies a self-supported expedition. (例如，参观奥卡万戈三角洲或卡拉哈里沙漠，不再意味着自力更生的探
险。)”可知，野外探险不再是自力更生的探险，因此推断划线词组所在句子“Field stations pop up in
important national parks and remote sensing by satellite becomes commonplace.”的意思是：在重要的国家公园
里出现了野外观测站，卫星遥感变得司空见惯。说明在在技术的帮助下，野外探险容易了，可知第三段中
带下划线的部分的意思是“突然出现”，故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Based on my own research expedition which aims to understand “edge
effects” — how the changes in temperature at forest edges impact animals, I find it important that today’s scientists
continue to spend time in the field. It is here that they begin to understand how seemingly unrelated environmental
interactions influence their study system. Sometimes, it’s difficult to know which is important to measure until you
stand out there cm the forest edge.(根据我自己的研究考察，目的是了解“边缘效应”——森林边缘温度的变
化如何影响动物，我发现今天的科学家继续花时间在这个领域是很重要的。正是在这里，他们开始理解看
似无关的环境相互作用如何影响他们的学习系统。有时候，在你站在森林边缘之前，很难知道哪个是重要
的测量值。)”可推知，作者在研究探险之后意识到了科学家实地考察的意义。故选A。
4.（2023年湖南省娄底市名校联考信息卷）
In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the ”Ice Ribbon“, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter
Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can
make all the differences. ”It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your
freezer,“ told Kenneth Golden, a U. S. mathematician who studies the structures of ice. ”It’s a much more
fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.“
The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals.
Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal(六边形的)structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer
the water, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important, As
one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide cooling technology has been
applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO , is not new when it comes to ice-making.
2
However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant, like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of
the atmosphere, CO , doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is
2 2
much lower than that of other synthetic refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO instead of Freon as
2
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
”We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more
impressive way.“ told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the
2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
13．What is the result of impurities in water for ice-making?
A．The water isn’t able to freeze completely.
B．The quality of the ice will be affected.
C．The ice surface will be more consistent.
D．It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice.
14．Why has CO cooling technology been applied for the Winter Olympic Games?
2
A．It’s the most advanced technology for ice-making.
B．CO is more efficient than other refrigerants.
2
C．CO is more environmentally friendly than Freon.
2
D．CO has already existed in the atmosphere.
2
15．What is Gao Bo’s attitude to CO being applied to ice-making?
2
A．Unclear. B．Opposed. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable.
16．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Are Coming
B．Beneath Olympic Ice
C．The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games
D．The Structure of Ice
【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．B
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了北京冬奥会在制冰的原料和技术上的精益求精，既要保证冰的纯净又
要保证其环保。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal structure of
ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water, the more consistent the ice surface.(这种杂质不适合于水结冰
时形成的常规六边形结构。水越纯净，冰面越稳定。)”可知，这些杂质不适合水结冰时形成的规则的六边
形结构。水越纯净，冰面就越坚固，即水中的杂质会使冰的质量受到影响。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“As an element of the atmosphere, CO doesn’t damage the ozone
2
layer. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce
2
carbon dioxide emissions greatly(作为大气中的一种元素，二氧化碳不会破坏臭氧层。尽管二氧化碳是一种
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】温室气体，但其温室效应远低于其他合成制冷剂，冬奥会场馆在制冰过程中采用二氧化碳代替氟利昂作为
制冷剂，将大大减少二氧化碳的排放。)”可知，二氧化碳冷却技术被应用于冬奥会是因为二氧化碳比氟利
昂更环保。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to
spectators all over the world in a more impressive way(我们认为这些技术创新将以一种更令人印象深刻的方式
将北京2022年冬奥会带给全世界的观众。)” 可知，高博认为这些技术创新将以一种更令人印象深刻的方
式将北京2022年冬奥会带给全世界的观众。由此可推断，高博对二氧化碳用于制冰持支持态度。故选D。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章第一段“In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the ”Ice Ribbon”，a
landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.(2021年1月，北京冬奥会标志性场馆“冰丝
带”的制冰工程竣工。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是北京冬奥会的冰及在制冰的原料和技术上的高标准，故
Beneath Olympic Ice(奥运会冰的秘密)适合作本文的标题。故选B。
5. （广东省深圳市罗湖区部分学校2023-2024学年高三试题）
Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who is always late - that’s an art, a frustrating art. Or, a
side effect of your personality traits, scientists have found.
So what is it that causes some people to constantly miss trains, make it to the wedding just after the bride’s
shown up and regularly annoy their friends? And why is it so hard for us to fix it? “There are all sorts of
punishments for being late, and the paradox is that we are late even when those punishments and consequences
exist.” said Justin Kruger, a social psychologist at New York University.
One of the commonest reasons why people are frequently late is that they fail to accurately judge how long a
task will take - something known as the planning fallacy(谬误). Research has shown that people on average
underestimate the time to complete a task by a significant 40 percent.
Another trait is that forever -late-comers are more likely to be multitaskers. In a 2003 study run by Jeff Conte
from San Diego State University found that out of 181 subway operators in New York City, those who preferred
multitasking were more often late for their job. This is because multitasking makes it harder to have the awareness
of what you’re doing. Conte also discovered there is a personality type that’s more likely to be late. While highly
strung(紧张不安), achievement-oriented Type A individuals are more possible to be punctual. Type B individuals,
however, who are more laid-back(漫不经心), have a higher chance to be late.
Admittedly, knowing all of this doesn’t necessarily help fix the problem. But scientists are starting to work on
strategies that can slowly improve our punctuality. For people who constantly underestimate tasks, breaking down
an activity into detailed steps can help people estimate how long something will take more accurately. As for your
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】personality type, unfortunately, there isn’t much you can do to change that. But accepting that you need to struggle
for it may just help. Acceptance, after all, is the first step to change.
17．What does the underlined word “paradox” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Strategy. B．Argument. C．Solution. D．Puzzle.
18．What is a possible feature of forever-late-comers?
A．They plan to spend more time on a task.
B．They tackle more than one task at a time.
C．They suffer from concentration difficulties.
D．They have high expectations for achievements.
19．Which advice can be given to people who are always late?
A．Learn to accept who you are. B．Change your personality type.
C．Divide a task into smaller ones. D．Keep to the timetable accurately.
20．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Time management contributes to success.
B．Late comers should be severely punished.
C．One’s always being late is linked to personality.
D．Changing personality helps improve punctuality.
【答案】17．D 18．B 19．C 20．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了迟到的原因可能能与性格特征相关，并提出了一些相应的策
略。
17．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段划线词paradox 前文的内容“There are all sorts of punishments for being
late(对于迟到，有各种各样的惩罚)”和后文的内容“we are late even when those punishments and
consequences exist.(即使存在惩罚和后果，我们仍然会迟到)”可知，前文提出迟到了会有相应的惩罚，后文
提出即使受到惩罚，但我们还是会迟到，故此处的划线词与D项“令人费解的事、难题”意思相近，迟到
了会受到惩罚，令人费解的就是即使有惩罚，我们仍然会迟到，故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Another trait is that forever -late-comers are more likely to be multitaskers.
(永远迟到的人的另一个特点可能是多重任务的)”可知，永远迟到的人的特点可能是一次要处理很多任务，
是多重任务的，故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But scientists are starting to work on strategies that can slowly improve
our punctuality. For people who constantly underestimate tasks, breaking down an activity into detailed steps can
help people estimate how long something will take more accurately.(对于那些经常低估任务的人来说，将一项
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】任务分解成详细的步骤可以帮助人们准确地估计这项任务花的时间。)”可知，对于那些经常迟到的人，他
们可以将任务分解成一些小任务，从而更好的估计任务所花费的时间，故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who is always
late - that’s an art, a frustrating art. Or, a side effect of your personality traits, scientists have found.(任何人都可能
迟到几次，但要成为一个总是迟到的人，这是一门艺术，一门令人沮丧的艺术。或者，科学家发现，这是
你性格特征点副作用。)”以及后文对迟到人的特征的分析可知，本文主要介绍迟到可能是与性格相关的，
故选C。
6.（广东省深圳市罗湖区部分学校2023-2024学年高三试题）
Next time you’re having trouble solving a tricky puzzle, consider asking a nearby bumblebee.
A new study in the journal PLOS Biology finds that bumblebees can learn certain behaviors from each other,
suggesting these social insects have a capacity for what we humans call “culture.”
In the past couple of decades, a growing body of evidence has shown that animals like chimps and birds show
behaviors of learning. If what they learn lasts for a long time, it turns into a tradition. And culture is made up of
multiple traditions. “Bumblebees, though, have some of the most complex behavioral abilities, nobody’s really
thought to look at culture in such insects and generally assume they’re mostly driven by inborn factors instead,”
says Alice Bridges, a behavioral ecologist at Anglia Ruskin University in England.
To prove them wrong, Bridges built a puzzle box, whose base held the reward: a drop of super sweet sugar
water. The box was designed with a rotating (旋转) top that can be rotated by pushing either on a red tab clockwise
or a blue tab anti-clockwise. Some bees were trained to push the red tab to get the sugar water while others pushed
the blue one. Then, these tutor bees were placed inside different colonies (蜂群), along with the puzzle boxes.
The experiment ultimately played itself out. In colonies where the tutor bee had originally learned to push the
red tab, the other bees in the colony usually pushed the red tab. In colonies where the tutor bee was trained to push
the blue tab, their fellow bees also tended to do the same. In contrast, in the control groups without tutors, the bees
sometimes learned how to open the boxes, but most of them would do it once or twice and then never again. “They
perhaps hadn’t quite made the link between their behavior and the reward,” Bridges supposes.
“Many of us consider ourselves to be rather special…because we have culture, we can learn and we’re social,”
Bridges says. “But now it turns out that even the bee also has culture, which is an uncomfortable truth: human
culture, once thought unique, does not emerge ‘out of the blue’ but has obviously built on deep evolutionary
foundations.
21．What is people’s common attitude to bumblebees having culture?
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Interested. D．Doubtful.
22．Why does Bridges place trained bees inside different colonies?
A．To test their learning capability in new settings.
B．To see if they will spread the secret of the boxes.
C．To evaluate their ruling power in various groups.
D．To observe if they will share their food with peers.
23．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the study?
A．Its appeal to the public. B．Implications on cultural origins.
C．Its practical application. D．Suggestions for future directions.
24．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Human Culture Is Losing Its Uniqueness
B．Bee’s Behavior Builds on Biological Factors
C．Culture May Be Present Among Bumblebees
D．Animals’ Evolution May Start From Colonies
【答案】21．D 22．B 23．B 24．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究发现大黄蜂具有人类所说的文化的能力。
20．推理判断题。根据第三段““Bumblebees, though, have some of the most complex behavioral abilities,
nobody’s really thought to look at culture in such insects and generally assume they’re mostly driven by inborn
factors instead,” says Alice Bridges, a behavioral ecologist at Anglia Ruskin University in England. (英国Anglia
Ruskin大学的行为生态学家Alice Bridges说：“尽管大黄蜂有一些最复杂的行为能力，但没有人真正考虑
过这种昆虫的文化，通常认为它们主要是由先天因素驱动的。”)”可知，人们通常认为大黄蜂的文化是由
先天因素驱动的，对大黄蜂具有文化持有怀疑的态度。故选D。
21．推理判断题。根据第五段“The experiment ultimately played itself out. In colonies where the tutor bee had
originally learned to push the red tab, the other bees in the colony usually pushed the red tab. In colonies where the
tutor bee was trained to push the blue tab, their fellow bees also tended to do the same. (实验最终成功了。在辅导
蜂最初学会按下红色标签的蜂群中，蜂群中的其他蜜蜂通常会按下红色标签。在辅导蜂被训练按下蓝色标
签的蜂群，它们的同伴也倾向于这样做)”可推知，布里奇斯把经过训练的蜜蜂放在不同的蜂群里，是为了
观察蜜蜂是否会传播盒子里的秘密，将自己的行为传播给同伴。故选B。
22．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But now it turns out that even the bee also has culture, which is an
uncomfortable truth: human culture, once thought unique, does not emerge ‘out of the blue’ but has obviously built
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】on deep evolutionary foundations. (但现在事实证明，即使是蜜蜂也有文化，这是一个令人不安的事实：人类
文化，曾经被认为是独一无二的，并不是‘突然’出现的，而是显然建立在深厚的进化基础上的)”可知，
本段主要介绍了曾经被认为是独一无二的文化并不是突然出现，而是逐渐进化而来的，本段主要谈论了这
项研究对于文化起源的影响。故选B。
24．主旨大意题。根据第二段“A new study in the journal PLOS Biology finds that bumblebees can learn
certain behaviors from each other, suggesting these social insects have a capacity for what we humans call
“culture.” (PLOS Biology杂志上的一项新研究发现，大黄蜂可以相互学习某些行为，这表明这些群居昆虫
具有我们人类所说的“文化”的能力)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现大黄蜂具有
人类所说的文化的能力，所以“文化可能存在于大黄蜂中”可以作为文章标题。故选C。
7.（2023届四川省高考英语模拟卷）
It’s becoming increasingly vital for individuals to cultivate strong critical thinking skills. Critical thinking
involves analyzing information and evidence in a clear, logical, and unbiased way. It’s the ability to ask relevant
questions, evaluate information, and come to well-reasoned conclusions.
One of the key benefits of critical thinking is that it can help us make better decisions. By analyzing
information carefully, we can avoid making hasty or impulsive decisions that we may later regret. Instead, we can
make well-informed choices that are backed by evidence and logical reasoning.
Critical thinking is also essential for academic success. College and university courses require students to read
and analyze texts, synthesize information from different sources, and present evidence-based arguments. Without
the ability to think critically, students may struggle to excel in their coursework and may be unable to engage in
meaningful debates and discussions.
Moreover, strong critical thinking skills are necessary for success in the workplace. Many employers look for
individuals who can provide well-reasoned solutions to complex problems, think creatively, and make sound
judgments. Critical thinking skills enable us to consider various options and outcomes and weigh the pros and cons
of each before arriving at a decision.
Finally, critical thinking is crucial for participation in civic life and democracy. Informed citizens need to be
able to evaluate information from different sources and decide which sources are reliable. They need to be able to
question assumptions, separate fact from opinion, and make well-reasoned decisions when voting or participating in
public debate.
Critical-thinking skills are essential for success in many areas of life. They enable us to make better decisions,
excel academically and professionally, and participate effectively in civic life. Therefore, it’s important for
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】individuals to cultivate and develop these skills throughout their lives.
25．Why are strong critical thinking skills essential for academic success?
A．Because academic courses require students to memorize information from different sources.
B．Because academic courses require students to engage in debates and discussions.
C．Because academic courses require students to analyze and synthesize information from different sources
and present evidence-based arguments.
D．Because academic courses require students to avoid learning from different sources.
26．Why are critical thinking skills necessary for success in office?
A．Because employers need individuals who supply evidence and reasoning to arrive at conclusions.
B．Because employers look for individuals who can’t provide well-reasoned solutions to complex problems.
C．Because employers want individuals who can make right and impulsive decisions.
D．Because employers try to gain individuals who provide reasoned solutions to problems, think creatively,
and so forth.
27．Why is critical thinking crucial for participation in civic life and democracy?
A．Because it’s dispensable for informed citizens to evaluate information from different sources.
B．Because informed citizens need become capable of question-assumptions, separate fact from opinion, etc.
C．Because civic life and democracy do require individuals to be informed in advance.
D．Because informed citizens neglect evidence and proof when participating in public debate.
28．What’s the best title for this passage?
A．The Importance of Exercise for Academic Success
B．The Power of Positive Thinking for Workplace Success
C．The Significance of Critical Thinking Skills
D．The Art of Persuasion in Civic Life
【答案】25．C 26．D 27．B 28．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了批判性思维能力在生活的许多领域的重要性。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“College and university courses require students to read and analyze texts,
synthesize information from different sources, and present evidence-based arguments.(学院和大学课程要求学生
阅读和分析文本，综合不同来源的信息，并提出基于证据的论点。)”可知，强大的批判性思维能力对学术
成功至关重要的原因是因为学术课程要求学生分析和综合来自不同来源的信息，并提出基于证据的论点。
故选C项。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Many employers look for individuals who can provide well-reasoned
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】solutions to complex problems, think creatively, and make sound judgments.(许多雇主都在寻找能够为复杂问题
提供合理解决方案、创造性思维和做出正确判断的人。)”可知，批判性思维技能是办公室成功的必要条件
的原因是因为雇主想要的是那些能为问题提供合理的解决方案、创造性思维的人。故选D项。
27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Informed citizens need to be able to evaluate information from different
sources and decide which sources are reliable. They need to be able to question assumptions, separate fact from
opinion, and make well-reasoned decisions when voting or participating in public debate.(知情的公民需要能够评
估来自不同来源的信息，并决定哪些来源是可靠的。他们需要能够质疑假设，区分事实和观点，并在投票
或参与公共辩论时做出合理的决定。)”可知，批判性思维对参与公民生活和民主至关重要的原因是因为知
情的公民需要具备质疑假设、区分事实和观点等能力。故选B项。
28．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Critical-thinking skills are essential for success in many areas of life. They
enable us to make better decisions, excel academically and professionally, and participate effectively in civic life.
Therefore, it’s important for individuals to cultivate and develop these skills throughout their lives.(批判性思维能
力在生活的许多领域都是成功的关键。它们使我们能够做出更好的决定，在学术和专业上脱颖而出，并有
效地参与公民生活。因此，对个人来说，在一生中培养和发展这些技能是很重要的。)”以及全文可知，文
章主要介绍了批判性思维能力在生活的许多领域的重要性。C项“批判性思维技能的重要性”符合题意。
故选C项。
8.（贵州省贵阳市2023-2024学年高三试题）
The term “oniomania”, which is used to describe people with obsessive (强迫性的), problematic shopping and
spending behaviors, consists of the Greek words “onios”, meaning “for sale”, and “mania”. Also known as
Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD) and Impulsive Compulsive Buying Disorder (ICBD), oniomania can leave
negative impact on your financial health and mental wellbeing if left untreated.
At this point you might be wondering: “What’s the difference between an oniomaniac and someone who likes
to shop perhaps a bit too much?” We tend to believe that the two are rather similar. Clinically (从临床上看),
however, they are quite easy to separate.
Although people who like shopping will return an item if they do not like it and start budgeting if they run
low on money, people suffering from oniomania are no longer able to make reasonable, let alone financially
responsible, decisions. They sometimes emotionally dissociate from what they are doing, making their purchases
while they are not really sure what to buy. Spending relieves feelings of anxiety and depression, but only
temporarily. In a short time, they might become moody, annoyed, and depressed, and their confidence declines
sharply.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】To a certain extent, spending makes everyone feel good. In 2007, a group of researchers from MIT, Stanford
and Carnegie Mellon looked at the brains of American consumers via MRI technology and found that when they
purchased desirable objects, their nucleus accumbens — the brain’s pleasure center — would light up, indicating a
positive stimulation. This stimulation can take on different forms. For instance, some people get particularly excited
when they believe they have gotten a good deal. This, researchers say, is the result of the prefrontal cortex — the
decision-making part of our brain — interacting with the insula, the part of our brain that processes pain. According
to psychotherapist Joyce Marter, compulsive buyers in the U. S. make an average of 156 impulsive purchases per
year. Each purchase sets them back around $81. 75, making for a grand total of $5, 400 per year and a thorough
shocking $324, 000 per lifetime. That money could have been invested in a home, an education, or other products
that you actually need in order to survive and thrive in the world. Ultimately, though, treating oniomania is about
much more than just protecting your finances from your own impulses — it’s also about maintaining your personal
mental health and improving your relationships with others.
29．What do we know about oniomania?
A．It is a normal behavior.
B．It influences people’s health.
C．It means people who like shopping.
D．It describes people’s difference.
30．What does the underlined phrase “run low on” probably mean?
A．run out of
B．go short of
C．look down on
D．become rich in
31．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?
A．Why many researchers take part in the study.
B．How everyone makes a wise decision.
C．How desirable objects are well welcome.
D．Why shopping makes common people happy.
32．What is the benefit of treating oniomania?
A．It is beneficial to education.
B．It develops our desires.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．It keeps our mind healthy.
D．It is harmful to relationships.
【答案】29．B 30．B 31．D 32．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了“oniomania”（购物成瘾）的概念和特点，与普通购物爱好者的
区别，以及购物对人们大脑的刺激和对财务和心理健康的影响。文章最后强调了治疗购物成瘾的重要性，
不仅是为了保护个人财务，更是为了维护个人心理健康和改善人际关系。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Also known as Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD) and Impulsive
Compulsive Buying Disorder (ICBD), oniomania can leave negative impact on your financial health and mental
wellbeing if left untreated.(也被称为强迫性购物障碍（CBD）和冲动性强迫性购物障碍（ICBD），如果不接
受治疗，购物成瘾可能会对您的财务健康和心理健康产生负面影响。)”可知，oniomania (强迫购物症)可能
会影响人们的健康。故选B。
29．词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Although people who like shopping will return an item if they do
not like it(尽管喜欢购物的人会在不喜欢商品时退货，)”以及“start budgeting (开始做预算)”可知，此处构成
并列结构，强调非强迫性购物者尽管喜欢购物，但是他们会在不喜欢商品时退货，并在资金短缺时开始预
算。故划线词与B选项为同义词，意为“短缺”。故选B。
30．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“In 2007, a group of researchers from MIT, Stanford and Camegie Mellon
looked at the brains of American consumers via MRI technology and found that when they purchased desirable
objects, their nucleus accumbens — the brain’s pleasure center — would light up, indicating a positive stimulation.
(2007年，来自麻省理工学院、斯坦福大学和卡梅吉·梅隆大学的一组研究人员通过核磁共振成像技术对美
国消费者的大脑进行了研究，发现当他们购买想要的物品时，他们的伏隔核——大脑的快乐中心——会亮
起，表明有积极的刺激。)”可知，本段主要介绍了一个科学发现即在2007年，研究人员发现当美国消费者
购买令人向往的物品时，他们的伏隔核——大脑的快乐中心——会被激活，表明有积极的刺激，即解释了
为什么普通人在购物的时候会感觉到快乐：是因为购物时，他们的伏隔核——大脑的快乐中心——会被激
活。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ultimately, though, treating oniomania is about much more than just
protecting your finances from your own impulses — it’s also about maintaining your personal mental health and
improving your relationships with others.(然而，治疗购物狂并不仅仅是保护自己的财务免受自己的冲动影响，
它还涉及维护个人心理健康和改善与他人的关系。)”可知，治疗购物成瘾使我们的头脑保持健康。故选
C。
9.（云南省昆明市师范大学附属中学2023年高三试题）
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】“It is necessary for us to go to places that still look like the ocean as it was 500 years ago,” says Enric Sala,
former professor at Scripps Institute of Oceanography. However, in most parts of the world, marine conservation is
stymied by opposition from fishing, oil, and mining interests. A mere 7 percent of the world’s ocean has protection
—mostly weak rules, and only 2.5 percent is highly protected. Outside of these zones, the ocean’s story is a
continuing failure.
A few remaining parts of the ocean are the last wild places of the sea—the marine equivalent of the remotest
old-growth forest in the Amazon—still unaffected by overfishing, pollution and climate change. Enric is working
with the National Geographic Society and together launched the Pristine Seas project in 2008. Over the past 14
years, Pristine Seas has helped create 28 marine reserves, making up two-thirds of the world’s fully protected
marine areas—covering more than two million square miles in all.
Now Sala and his team have set an even more ambitious goal: to see more than a third of the world’s ocean
conserved for the purpose not just of sustaining biodiversity but also of replenishing(补充)fish stocks and storing
carbon.
Pristine Seas worked with native Palauans(帕劳人)to give an ancient conservation tradition a modern change.
For centuries, Palauans have used what they all “buls”, a Palauan word which means closure, to preserve and
rebuild their reef fish stocks. Over the years they have created 35 reserves to protect marine life around their
islands, some of which ban fishing permanently.
Sala and his team calculate that a 14-fold expansion of the fully protected part of the ocean, from 2.5 percent
to 35 percent, would provide 64 percent of the biodiversity benefits while increasing the global fish catch by almost
10 million metric tons. Even that may sound impossible, but the alternative is awful. For now, we still get to
choose.
33．What does the underlined word “stymied” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Frustrated. B．Supported.
C．Accelerated. D．Overestimated.
34．What situation does global ocean protection face?
A．Protecting the ocean influences mining most.
B．Ocean protection has achieved great progress.
C．Few oceans have been properly protected so far.
D．Current rules have been enough for ocean protection.
35．What can we learn about the Pristine Seas project?
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】A．It has protected two-thirds of the world’s ocean.
B．It sets unrealistic goals when protecting the ocean.
C．It asks to prohibit fishing in the 35 created reserves.
D．It has made some advances in maintaining biodiversity.
36．Where can we probably read this article?
A．www.newsflash.com.
B．www.worldissues.com.
C．www.scienceforkds.com.
D．www.eco-conservation.com.
【答案】33．A 34．C 35．D 36．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个旨在保护世界海洋的项目——原始海洋。
33．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句句首的“however”可知，所在句和上一句有转折关系。上一句
““It is necessary for us to go to places that still look like the ocean as it was 500 years ago,” says Enric Sala,
former professor at Scripps Institute of Oceanography.(斯克里普斯海洋学研究所前教授Enric Sala说：“我们
有必要去那些看起来像500年前海洋的地方。”)”指的是Enric教授认为我们应该去那些看起来像500年前
海洋的地方。而所在句下一句“A mere 7 percent of the world’s ocean has protection—mostly weak rules, and
only 2.5 percent is highly protected.(世界上只有7%的海洋受到保护，而且大多是薄弱的法规，只有2.5%的
海洋受到高度保护。)”则告诉我们世界上受到保护的海洋很少。由此可推断，划线单词指的是海洋保护遭
到渔业、石油和采矿利益集团的“反对或抵制”。选项A“Frustrated(挫败)”；选项B“Supported(支持)”；选
项C“Accelerated (加速)”；选项D“Overestimated (过高估计)”。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A mere 7 percent of the world’s ocean has protection—mostly weak rules,
and only 2.5 percent is highly protected. Outside of these zones, the ocean’s story is a continuing failure.(世界上只
有7%的海洋受到保护，而且大多是薄弱的法规，只有2.5%的海洋受到高度保护。在这些区域之外，海洋
的故事是一个持续的失败。)”可知，目前只有很少的海洋得到了保护。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Enric is working with the National Geographic Society and together
launched the Pristine Seas project in 2008. Over the past 14 years, Pristine Seas has helped create 28 marine
reserves, making up two-thirds of the world’s fully protected marine areas—covering more than two million square
miles in all.( Enric正与国家地理学会合作，并于2008年共同启动了“原始海洋”项目。在过去的14年里，
“原始海洋”帮助建立了28个海洋保护区，占世界完全受保护海洋区域的三分之二，总面积超过200万平
方英里。)”以及文章第三段“Now Sala and his team have set an even more ambitious goal: to see more than a
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】third of the world’s ocean conserved for the purpose not just of sustaining biodiversity but also of replenishing(补
充)fish stocks and storing carbon.(现在，Sala和他的团队制定了一个更加雄心勃勃的目标：保护世界上三分
之一以上的海洋，不仅是为了维持生物多样性，也是为了补充鱼类资源和储存碳。)”可知，“原始海洋”
在维持生物多样性方面取得了一些进展。故选D。
36．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Enric is working with the National Geographic Society and together
launched the Pristine Seas project in 2008. Over the past 14 years, Pristine Seas has helped create 28 marine
reserves, making up two-thirds of the world’s fully protected marine areas—covering more than two million square
miles in all.( Enric正与国家地理学会合作，并于2008年共同启动了“原始海洋”项目。在过去的14年里，
“原始海洋”帮助建立了28个海洋保护区，占世界完全受保护海洋区域的三分之二，总面积超过200万平
方英里。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍的是关于保护海洋，维持生物多样性等生态保护方面的内容，
所以读者可以在与生态保护有关的www. eco-conservation. com.网站读到本文。故选D。
10.（云南省昆明市师范大学附中2023年高三试题）
Even if you’re not familiar with Big Hero 6, a comic series and Disney movie, the robot Baymax might look
familiar. A six-foot-two-inch tall, round, white, inflatable(可充气的)robot nurse, tasked with healthcare duties,
Baymax calmly cares for his patients, supports a middle-school student and even helps a cat. A great pal indeed!
While soft robots already exist, forming one that we would have in our homes, like Baymax, is another story.
“There’re all kinds of things that need to come together,” says Alex Alspach, a roboticist at Toyota Research
Institute, who also helped develop the movie version of Baymax. Building Baymax’s software—the smart,
humanlike mind which gives personalized responses is complex. By comparison, constructing the body will
probably be simpler, Alspach suspects. Still, even that will come with challenges.
In the movie, whenever there is a hole, Baymax covers himself with tape or a Band-Aid. He can also inflate’
and deflate himself when he needs to, but it takes a long time. But the movie does not show the complex hardware
that would be required to do this. An air compressor(压缩机)would be too heavy to carry. And while roboticists are
coming up with chemicals that could inflate soft robots quickly, it’s too early to use these techniques.
For soft robots, staying soft and lightweight would keep their parts from getting damaged, but when making a
life-sized robot, that will be difficult, since so many moving parts—such as motors, a battery pack, sensors and’ the
air Compressor—will pack on weight.
Heat is another hard nut to crack. This heat will come from the motors and other electronics. Anything
covering the frame of a robot will trap heat. For a life-sized robot, more motors and more heat could cause it to
overheat and shut down or even catch on fire in some cases.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】Will we see Baymax soon? “There will be a lot of dumb robots before you get to something as smart as
Baymax,” says Alspach. But most experts agree that big steps toward making Baymax will come soon. “I think kids
will get to see that in their lifetime,” Alspach says, “I’m hoping I get to see it in my lifetime. I don’t think we’re
that far.”
37．Why does the author mention the movie Big Hero 6 in Paragraph 1?
A．To indicate that the movie has been a hit.
B．To list the duties that a robot nurse will take.
C．To introduce the topic of building soft robots.
D．To present the research background and method.
38．What makes soft and lightweight robots difficult to build?
A．Air compressors and batteries get damaged easily.
B．The requirements for the hardware are demanding.
C．It takes long to produce the tapes or the Band-Aids.
D．Inflating robots with chemicals will harm their motors.
39．What can be inferred from the text?
A．It is quite simple to build he robots’ hardware.
B．Nothing delights kids more than having a robot in their homes.
C．There is a long way to go before actual soft robots are created.
D．Current technology is sufficient for building healthcare robots.
40．What is Alspach’s attitude towards the coming of soft robots?
A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Skeptical. D．Critical.
【答案】37．C 38．B 39．C 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了软体机器人的开发所遇到的困难以及发展的前景。
36．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Even if you’re not familiar with Big Hero 6, a comic series and Disney
movie, the robot Baymax might look-familiar. A six-foot-two-inch tall, round, white, inflatable(可充气的)robot
nurse, tasked with healthcare duties, Baymax calmly cares for his patients, supports a middle-school student and
even helps a cat. A great pal indeed!(即使你不熟悉漫画系列和迪士尼电影《超能陆战队》，机器人大白也可
能看起来很熟悉。大白是一个身高6英尺2英寸、圆滚滚、白色的充气机器人护士，肩负着医疗保健的职
责，他平静地照顾病人，支持一名中学生，甚至帮助一只猫。真是个好朋友!)”以及第二段“While soft
robots already exist, forming one that we would have in our homes, like Baymax, is another story.(虽然软体机器
人已经存在，但打造一个像大白那样的家用机器人，则是另一回事。)”可知，第一段提到机器人大白的目
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】的是为了引出本段的主题内容，即：打造软体机器人。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He can also inflate’ and deflate himself when he needs to, but it takes a long
time. But the movie does not show the complex hardware that would be required to do this. An air compressor(压
缩机)would be too heavy to carry. And while roboticists are coming up with chemicals that could inflate soft robots
quickly, it’s too early to use these techniques.(他也可以在需要的时候给自己充气和放气，但这需要很长时间。
但这部电影并没有展示完成这一任务所需的复杂硬件。空气压缩机太重，无法携带。虽然机器人专家正在
研究可以让软机器人快速膨胀的化学物质，但现在使用这些技术还为时过早。)”、第四段“For soft robots,
staying soft and lightweight would keep their parts from getting damaged, but when making a life-sized robot, that
will be difficult, since so many moving parts—such as motors, a battery pack, sensors and’ the air Compressor—
will pack on weight.(对于软体机器人来说，保持柔软和轻量化可以防止它们的部件被损坏，但是当制造一
个真人大小的机器人时，这将是困难的，因为如此多的运动部件——比如马达、电池组、传感器和空气压
缩机——会增加重量。)”以及第五段“Heat is another hard nut to crack.(热是另一个棘手的问题。)”可知，软
体轻便机器人难以制造的原因是其对硬件的要求较高。故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据文章第二段““There’re all kinds of things that need to come together,” says Alex
Alspach, a roboticist at Toyota Research Institute, who also helped develop the movie version of Baymax. Building
Baymax’s software—the smart, humanlike mind which gives personalized responses is complex. By comparison,
constructing the body will probably be simpler, Alspach suspects. Still, even that will come with challenges.(他说：
“有各种各样的东西需要整合在一起。”打造大白的软件——一种能给出个性化回应的智能、类似人类的
大脑——是一件复杂的事情。相比之下，构造身体可能会更简单，Alspach怀疑。不过，即便如此，也将
面临挑战。)”以及下文内容可知，在真正的软体机器人被创造出来之前还有很多问题待解决。故选C。
40．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““I think kids will get to see that in their lifetime,” Alspach says, “I’m
hoping I get to see it in my lifetime. I don’t think we’re that far.”(Alspach说：“我认为孩子们会在他们的有生
之年看到它，我希望我能在有生之年看到它。我不认为我们还要走那么远。”)”可知，Alspach对于软体机
器人的制作抱有积极的态度，他认为孩子们在有生之年会看到真正的软体机器人。故选A。
11.（2023年云南省保山市高三二模考试英语试题）
From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music, ChatGPT has amazed the world since its launch in
late 2022. It even passed several law exams in four courses at the University of Minnesota, US, according to CNN.
ChatGPT is a language model developed by US-based company OpenAI, which is designed to respond to
human language in a way that sounds like a person. The model is based on the GPT-3.5 architecture and has been
trained on a large corpus (语料库) of text data, including books, articles, and websites, using unsupervised (无人监
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】督的) learning techniques.
As a language model, ChatGPT can understand and respond to a wide range of questions and requests, making
it an outstanding tool for many different applications. ChatGPT has been trained on a large dataset of text, which
allows it to understand a wide range of topics. This means that it can assist with various tasks, involving answering
questions, providing information on different subjects, summarizing texts, and even generating writing prompts.
One of the best things about ChatGPT is that it’s always learning and improving. It uses advanced natural
language processing algorithms (计算程序) to generate is responses, which means that it is constantly improving
and getting better and better as it receives more data over time. This makes it an incredibly powerful tool that can
help you learn, grow, and succeed in school and beyond. It’s a valuable resource that can help you achieve your
academic goals, whether you need help with research, writing, or just want to chat. It’s like having a smart friend
who can help you with your homework or give you interesting ideas to write about.
But despite its advanced capabilities, ChatGPT is not wihout limitations. As with any AI technology, ChatGPT
has certain weaknesses and challenges that can impact its performance and accuracy.
41．Which of the following statements about ChatGPT is correct?
A．It could pass several law exams in various courses.
B．It was designed by the GPT-3.5 architecture.
C．It gave the world a hit the moment it was launched.
D．It was designed to respond to human language in exactly the same manner as humans.
42．Who is the passage probably written for?
A．Students. B．Professors. C．Doctors. D．Engineers.
43．What will be probably discussed next in the passage?
A．More information about AI technology. B．The future applications of AI technology.
C．Advanced capabilities of ChatGPT. D．Limitations of ChatGPT.
44．What can be a suitable title of the passage?
A．ChatGPT has been a new trend B．ChatGPT will be the future of AI technology
C．ChatGPT has impressed the world D．ChatGPT has both advantages and disadvantages
【答案】41．C 42．A 43．D 44．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的AI技术—ChatGPT。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段“ChatGPT has amazed the world since its launch in late 2022.(自2022年底推出
以来，ChatGPT让世界惊叹不已)”可知，ChatGPT一经问世就轰动全球。故选C。
42．推理判断题。根据第四段“This makes it an incredibly powerful tool that can help you learn, grow, and
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】succeed in school and beyond. It’s a valuable resource that can help you achieve your academic goals, whether you
need help with research, writing, or just want to chat. It’s like having a smart friend who can help you with your
homework or give you interesting ideas to write about. (这使它成为一个非常强大的工具，可以帮助你在学校
内外学习、成长和成功。这是一种宝贵的资源，可以帮助你实现学术目标，无论你是在研究、写作方面需
要帮助，还是只是想聊天。这就像有一个聪明的朋友可以帮你做作业，或者给你有趣的想法)”可推知，这
篇文章的写作对象很可能是学生。故选A。
43．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But despite its advanced capabilities, ChatGPT is not wihout linitations. As
with any AI technology, ChafGPT has certain weaknesses and challenges that can impact its performance and
accuracy. (但是，尽管ChatGPT有着先进的功能，但它并没有受到限制。与任何人工智能技术一样，
ChafGPT也有一些弱点和挑战，这些弱点和挑战可能会影响其性能和准确性)”可推知，文章接下来的主要
内容是讲述ChatGPT的局限性。故选D。
44．主旨大意题。根据第一段“From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music, ChatGPT has amazed
the world since its launch in late 2022. It even passed several law exams in four courses at the University of
Minnesota, US, according to CNN. (从创作莎士比亚风格的诗歌到制作音乐，自2022年底推出以来，
ChatGPT一直让世界惊叹不已。据美国有线电视新闻网报道，它甚至通过了美国明尼苏达大学四门课程的
几次法律考试)”可知，本文主要介绍了ChatGPT这项轰动全球的技术。故选C。
12.（江苏省2023-2024学年高三第一届“七夕杯”高中英语能力检测试题）
Humans are pretty unique among life on Earth. As far as we know, we’re the only living species to evolve the
higher intelligence, wear clothes, cook our food, and even invent smartphones. But what if humans suddenly went
extinct? What other animals might evolve to have the smarts and skills to create large,complex societies as we
have?
With modern genetic technology and our understanding of evolution, “we’re pretty good at making short-term
predictions. “Martha Reiskind, an ecologist, told Live Science. For example, we can predict that if humans were to
disappear tomorrow, climate change would continue to drive many species to adapt to drought. And species living
in cold areas would continue to struggle to live as well.
“A big thing will be the concept of convergence.” Dougal Dixon, a geologist, told Live Science Convergence
is an evolutionary process by which two unrelated creatures develop similar features in order to succeed in a
particular environment. For example, with their sleek (光滑的) bodies and fins, fish are suitable for living in water.
However, dolphins have evolved a very similar body plan—and unlike fish, they are warm-blooded, air-breathing
animals with a totally different evolutionary background.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】One feature that makes humans uniquely good at building is our skillful hands. In order to fill the same role as
humans—that is, building cities and heavily modifying our environment—another species would need to develop a
similar ability to control objects. Other primates (灵长目动物), like chimpanzees. our closest living relatives,
already can make tools in the wild. It’s possible that if humans disappeared, they might replace us.
But any disaster terrible enough to destroy humans is also likely to destroy chimpanzees, which leaves another
tool-using candidate to fill humans place: birds. Birds are very brainy. Some birds can use their feet to form wire
into hooks. And trained African grey parrots can learn upwards of 100 words and do simple math, including
understanding the concept of zero. Birds can also gather in large groups, and some even build group nesting sites.
Of course, all of these are predictions. Scientists have said it’s almost impossible to truly predict how
evolution will unfold. As we go further and further out, the prediction is less accurate. And it’s even more difficult
to predict whether another species will develop human-level intelligence, Some think that it could happen. Others,
however, are less optimistic because they don’t think nature will make mistakes twice.
45．Why does the author mention fish and dolphins in Para. 3?
A．To show how dolphins evolved
B．To explain what convergence is.
C．To show the advantage of the fish shape
D．To explain the feature of animals living in water.
46．What do chimpanzees and some birds have in common?
A．The ability to make tools B．The habit of group living
C．The ability to do simple math D．The close relationship with humans
47．Which animals might replace humans if a worst disaster happened?
A．Sea animals. B．Chimpanzees
C．Birds. D．Dogs.
48．Which of the following best describes the future of other species filling the same role as humans?
A．Hopeless. B．Challenging.
C．Promising. D．Uncertain.
【答案】45．B 46．A 47．C 48．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章提出如果人类突然消失了，什么动物进化出智慧创造像我们一样庞大、复杂
的社会这个问题，基于基因技术和对进化的理解，科学家们做出了短期预测。
44．推理判断题。根据第三段“‘A big thing will be the concept of convergence.” Dougal Dixon, a geologist,
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】told Live Science Convergence is an evolutionary process by which two unrelated creatures develop similar
features in order to succeed in a particular environment. For example, with their sleek(光滑的)bodies and fins, fish
are suitable for living in water. However, dolphins have evolved a very similar body plan—and unlike fish, they are
warm-blooded, air-breathing animals with a totally different evolutionary background.（“融合的概念将是一件
大事。”地质学家杜格尔·迪克森告诉《生活科学》杂志，趋同是一种进化过程，两种不相关的生物发展出
相似的特征，以便在特定的环境中取得成功。例如，鱼有光滑的身体和鳍，适合生活在水中。然而，海豚
进化出了非常相似的身体结构——与鱼类不同的是，它们是温血动物，呼吸空气，有着完全不同的进化背
景。）”可知，作者先介绍了 convergcnce 这一概念，即两种不相关的生物进化出相似的特征以求在某种
特定环境中生存。然后，作者以海豚进化出鱼类的身形为例来说明这一概念。故选B。
45．细节理解题。根据第四段“Other primates(灵长目动物), like chimpanzees. our closest living relatives,
already can make tools in the wild.（其他灵长类动物，如黑猩猩。我们现存的近亲，已经可以在野外制造工
具了。）”和第五段第一句“But any disaster terrible enough to destroy humans is also likely to destroy
chimpanzees, which leaves another tool-using candidate to fill humans place: birds.Birds are very brainy.Some
birds can use their feet to form wire into hooks. （但是，任何足以毁灭人类的灾难也可能毁灭黑猩猩，这就
留下了另一种工具来填补人类的位置：鸟类。鸟很聪明，有些鸟能用脚把铁丝做成钩子。）”可知，黑猩
猩可以在野外制造工具，鸟类也可以，比如有的鸟类能够用爪子将金属丝弯成钩子。因此，两者的共同点
是都能制造工具。故选A。
46．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“But any disaster terrible enough to destroy humans is also likely to
destroy chimpanzees, which leaves another tool-using candidate to fill humans place: birds.（但是，任何足以毁
灭人类的灾难也可能毁灭黑猩猩，这就留下了另一种工具来填补人类的位置：鸟类。）”可知，当特大灾
难致使人类和黑猩猩都灭绝后，能够使用工具的鸟类有可能代替人类的位置。故选C。
48．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of course, all of these are predictions. Scientists have said it’s almost
impossible to truly predict how evolution will unfold. As we go further and further out, the prediction is less
accurate. And it’s even more difficult to predict whether another species will develop human-level intelligence,
Some think that it could happen. Others, however, are less optimistic because they don’t think nature will make
mistakes twice.（当然，所有这些都是预测。科学家们表示，要真正预测进化将如何展开几乎是不可能的。
随着我们越走越远，预测就越不准确。更难预测的是另一个物种是否会发展出人类水平的智力，有些人认
为这是可能发生的。然而，其他人则不那么乐观，因为他们认为大自然不会犯两次错误。）”可知，未来
的其他物种能否扮演与人类相同的角色？有的人认为这是可能的，而有的人则对此持消极态度。因此，智
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】能生物的未来是不确定的。故选D。
13.（2023年河北省唐山市开滦第二中学试卷）
It’s no secret that non-alcoholic beer tastes much worse than regular beer, but scientists in Denmark now claim
to have developed a way of making it taste just as satisfying.
What non-alcoholic beer lacks is the flavor from hops (啤酒花). When you remove the alcohol from the beer,
for example by heating it up, you also kill the flavor that comes from hops. Other methods for making alcohol-free
beer also lead to poor flavor because alcohol is needed for hops to pass their unique flavor to the beer.
“After years of research, we have found a way to produce monoterpenoids (单萜), which provide the flavor,
and then add them to the beer at the end of the process of making beer to give back its lost flavor. No one has been
able to do this before, so it’s a game changer for non-alcoholic beer,” the Danish professor added.
This method of artificially recreating the flavor of hops using monoterpenoids is currently being tested in
factories producing across Denmark, and the plan is to have a plan ready for the country’s entire beer industry by
the end of October.
Although non-alcoholic beer has been growing in popularity at a very rapid pace, the new thing announced by
Sotirios Kampranis and his team could have major meaning for the entire beer industry and our environment.
Growing hops is a very wasteful process, with one kilogram of hops requiring no less than 2.7 tons of water.
“With our method, we skip hops and the water and the transportation. This means that one kilogram of hops
can be produced with more than 10,000 times less water and more than 100 times less CO ,” Kampranis said.
2
“When the monoterpenoids are released from yeast, we collect them and put them into the beer, giving back the
taste of regular beer that so many of us know and love.” he added.
49．What plays a key role in making beer?
A．Hops. B．Water. C．CO. D．Patience.
2
50．What can we learn about the new non-alcoholic beer?
A．It is the best beer in the market. B．It has been produced in many countries.
C．It has the same taste with the traditional beer. D．It is very popular with the young in Denmark.
51．What does Kampranis think the new non-alcoholic beer?
A．It is a process filled with waste. B．It is environmentally friendly.
C．It needs better transportation. D．It gets an unexpected response.
52．In which section can we read this text in a newspaper?
A．Sports. B．Culture. C．Education. D．Technology.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【答案】49．A 50．C 51．B 52．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了丹麦的科学家发明了一种无酒精的啤酒，文章介绍了这种啤酒
的特点和与传统啤酒相比的不同之处。
49．细节理解题。根据第二段“Other methods for making alcohol-free beer also lead to poor flavor because
alcohol is needed for hops to pass their unique flavor to the beer.(其他酿造无酒精啤酒的方法也会导致啤酒味道
差，因为啤酒花需要酒精才能将其独特的味道传递给啤酒)”可知，啤酒花在酿造啤酒中起着关键作用。故
选A。
50．细节理解题。根据最后一段“When the monoterpenoids are released from yeast, we collect them and put
them into the beer, giving back the taste of regular beer that so many of us know and love.(当单萜类化合物从酵母
中释放出来时，我们收集它们并将它们放入啤酒中，使我们许多人所熟悉和喜爱的普通啤酒的味道恢复)”
可知，这种新型无酒精啤酒和传统啤酒的味道一样。故选C。
51．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Although non-alcoholic beer has been growing in popularity at a very rapid
pace, the new thing announced by Sotirios Kampranis and his team could have major meaning for the entire beer
industry and our environment. Growing hops is a very wasteful process, with one kilogram of hops requiring no
less than 2.7 tons of water.(尽管无酒精啤酒正以非常快的速度增长，但Sotirios Kampranis和他的团队宣布的
新事物可能对整个啤酒行业和我们的环境具有重大意义。种植啤酒花是一个非常浪费的过程，一公斤啤酒
花需要不少于2.7吨的水)”可知，坎普拉尼斯认为这种新型无酒精啤酒是环保的。故选B。
52．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s no secret that non-alcoholic beer tastes much worse than regular beer, but
scientists in Denmark now claim to have developed a way of making it taste just as satisfying.(无酒精啤酒的味道
比普通啤酒差很多，这已经不是什么秘密了，但丹麦科学家现在声称，他们已经研发出一种方法，让无酒
精啤酒的味道和普通啤酒一样令人满意)”结合文章主要说明了丹麦的科学家发明了一种无酒精的啤酒，文
章介绍了这种啤酒的特点和与传统啤酒相比的不同之处。可推知，文章选自报纸的“技术”部分。故选
D。
14.（吉林省长春市长春外国语学校2023年高三试题）
Rain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn’t just made of water anymore — it’s partly made of plastic.
Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, are wandering around Earth’s atmosphere and traveling
across entire continents, according to a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences on April 12. Another study, published in the journal Science in June 2020, has revealed that every year
more than 1,000 tons of the particles — equivalent to over 120 million plastic bottles — fall in rain.
Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and come from a number of sources.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics
are manufactured deliberately to provide abrasion in a host of products, such as toothpaste and cleansers, according
to the Daily Mail. Another major source is your washing machine. When you wash synthetic clothing, tiny
microfibers get flushed away with the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the
microplastics remain, and they are released into the sea, according to American magazine Wired.
Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with. The
tiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the ground. They are so light
that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe. As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act as
nuclei around which water vapor condenses to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions,
while the rest comes down as rain, according to the Daily Mail.
Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes,
their bodies have been found, on average, to contain 40 pieces of microplastic, reported Daily Mail. As the top of
the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. “ We live on a ball inside a bubble,” microplastic
researcher Steve Allen at University of Strathelyde, Scotland, told Wired. “There are no borders, there are no edges.
It (plastic rain) is raining on the land and then getting blown back up into the air again, to move somewhere else.
There’s no stopping it once it’s out.”
53．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．How microplastics are used widely.
B．How microplastics come into being.
C．How microplastics pollute water.
D．How microplastics should be handled.
54．What do we know about microplastics?
A．They are light and can be easily dealt with.
B．They result in both acid rain and plastic rain.
C．They have nearly affected the whole food chain.
D．They have a diameter of at least 5 millimeters.
55．What do Steve Allen’s words mean in the last paragraph?
A．Countries should work together to fight pollution.
B．The atmosphere possesses the capacity to self-cleanse.
C．It is important to remove microplastics somewhere else.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】D．No place is safe from microplastic pollution.
56．Which of the following can be the best title?
A．The sources and effects of microplastics.
B．The difference between acid rain and plastic rain.
C．The dangers of microplastics.
D．The microplastics in food chain.
【答案】53．B 54．C 55．D 56．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明雨水不再仅仅是由水构成的，
它部分由塑料构成。
52．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and
come from a number of sources. Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and
smaller bits. Some microplastics are manufactured deliberately to provide abrasion in a host of products, such as
toothpaste and cleansers, according to the Daily Mail. Another major source is your washing machine. When you
wash synthetic clothing, tiny microfibers get flushed away with the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by
a wastewater plant, the microplastics remain, and they are released into the sea, according to American magazine
Wired.(微塑料是直径小于5毫米的塑料颗粒，来源多种多样。释放到环境中的塑料袋和塑料瓶被分解成越
来越小的碎片。据《每日邮报》报道，一些微塑料是故意制造出来的，以在牙膏和洗面奶等一系列产品中
产生磨损作用。另一个主要来源是你的洗衣机。当你洗合成衣物时，微小的微纤维会随着废水一起被冲走。
据美国《连线》杂志报道，尽管污水处理厂对这些水进行了处理，但微塑料仍然存在，并被释放到海洋
中。)”可知，第三段介绍了微塑料的几种来源，故本段是讲述微塑料是如何产生形成的。故选B。
53．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish
and frogs to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been found, on average, to contain 40 pieces of microplastic,
reported Daily Mail. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too.(你能想到的任何地方
都有微塑料。据《每日邮报》报道，从鱼、青蛙到老鼠、蚊子，他们的体内平均含有40个塑料微粒。作为
食物链的顶端，人类也会接触到微塑料。)”可知，微塑料几乎可以在任何地方被发现，由此可推断，微塑
料几乎影响了整个食物链。故选C。
54．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““We live on a ball inside a bubble,” microplastic researcher Steve Allen
at University of Strathelyde, Scotland, told Wired. “There are no borders, there are no edges. It (plastic rain) is
raining on the land and then getting blown back up into the air again, to move somewhere else. There’s no stopping
it once it’s out.”(“我们生活在一个泡泡里的球上，”苏格兰斯特拉希利德大学的微塑料研究员Steve Allen告
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】诉《连线》杂志。“没有边界，没有边缘。它(塑料雨)在陆地上下雨，然后再次被吹回空中，移动到其他
地方。一旦泄露出去，就无法阻止了。”)”可知，在Steve Allen看来，世界上没有任何一个地方可以免受
微塑料的污染。故选D。
56．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Rain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn’t just made of water
anymore — it’s partly made of plastic.(雨对地球上的生命至关重要。然而，雨水不再仅仅是由水构成的，它
部分由塑料构成。)”可知，现在的雨水中含有塑料；文章第三段“Microplastics are plastic particles less than
5 millimeters in diameter and come from a number of sources.(微塑料是直径小于5毫米的塑料颗粒，来源多种
多样。)”；文章第四段“Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and
harder to deal with.(塑料雨可能会让人想起酸雨，但前者的影响范围更广，也更难处理。)”可知，文章用雨
引出微塑料无处不在这一话题，并分析了微塑料的来源以及影响。故选A。
15.（黑龙江省肇州二中2023年高三试题）
Finding a mask which offers you a high protection level is crucial to filtering (过滤) out any particles for a
long time. However, after a few hours, the mask becomes contaminated (污染) by the particles and you need to
replace it with a new one. See, you have to get a mask offering active protection in addition to passive filtration.
The first rule of a mask offering you any kind of protection is that it needs to fit well. The mask also needs to
be comfortable and allow you to breathe easily for you to be able to keep it on for as many hours as you need.
During long hours of wear, food and dirt may remain on the inside of your mask. All the hours spent in a place
with less-than-ideal conditions for human health are wonderful news for bacteria that thrive on food particles and
muck left behind on the inside of your mask. This growth opportunity for bacteria could not just be dangerous but
could also cause a bad smell. So you’d better have a kind that kills off the smell-causing bacteria, leaving your
mask smelling fresh.
You should look for cloth masks that have multiple layers of breathable fabric that is tightly woven, include a
robust (结实的) nose wire for you to adjust the mask to the shape of your face and prevent air escaping from
around your nose, do not have gaps around the nose or sides of the face and that block out the light if you hold the
mask up to a bright light source. It is good for the mask to come with your choice of either head straps or ear straps,
both adjustable. It is also good if the mask has different sizes ranging from kids to adults to ensure everyone stays
protected.
57．What is most important about a mask according to the first paragraph?
A．Offering passive filtration.
B．Offering active protection.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．Working for long hours.
D．Filtering out all particles.
58．Why should a mask have a robust nose wire?
A．To shape your face.
B．To block out the light.
C．To offer different sizes ranging from kids to adults.
D．For you to adjust the shape and prevent air escaping.
59．Which of the following can’t be adjusted?
A．The size. B．The ear strap.
C．The nose wire. D．The head strap.
60．Whom is the passage intended for?
A．Kids. B．Doctors.
C．Citizens. D．Mask makers.
【答案】57．B 58．D 59．A 60．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了挑选口罩的方法。
57．细节理解题。根据第一段“Finding a mask which offers you a high protection level is crucial to filtering (过
滤) out any particles for a long time.” (找到一个能提供高防护等级的口罩对于长时间过滤掉任何颗粒至关重
要。)可知，口罩能提供有效的保护是很重要的。故选B项。
58．细节理解题。根据最后一段“You should look for cloth masks that have multiple layers of breathable fabric
that is tightly woven, include a robust (结实的) nose wire for you to adjust the mask to the shape of your face and
prevent air escaping from around your nose, do not have gaps around the nose or sides of the face and that block
out the light if you hold the mask up to a bright light source. (你应该选择有多层紧密编织的透气织物的布口罩，
包括一个坚固的鼻线，你可以根据你的脸型调整口罩，防止空气从你的鼻子周围逸出，鼻子周围或脸两侧
没有缝隙，如果你把口罩举到明亮的光源前，它会挡住光线。) ”可知，口罩需要坚固的鼻绳来紧贴鼻子，
防止气体流出。故选D项。
59．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It is also good if the mask has different sizes ranging from kids to adults to
ensure everyone stays protected. (如果口罩的尺寸从儿童到成人不等，以确保每个人都得到保护，这也是很
好的。)”可知，口罩的大小不能调整。故选A项。
60．推理判断题。根据第一段“Finding a mask which offers you a high protection level is crucial to filtering (过
滤) out any particles for a long time. However, after a few hours, the mask becomes contaminated (污染) by the
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】particles and you need to replace it with a new one. See, you have to get a mask offering active protection in
addition to passive filtration. (找到一个能提供高防护等级的口罩对于长时间过滤掉任何颗粒至关重要。然而，
几个小时后，口罩会被颗粒污染，你需要更换一个新的口罩。你得有一个除了被动过滤之外还能提供主动
保护的口罩。)”可知，本文主要介绍了挑选口罩对抗污染的方法，故其目标读者是所有市民。故选C项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
