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专题 18 阅读理解（说明文）
刷大题、提能力
1. （云南师范大学附属中学2023年高三试题）
Lately, it’s felt like technological change has entered an incredible speed. Companies like OpenAI and Google
have unveiled new Artificial Intelligence systems with incredible capabilities, making what once seemed like
science fiction an everyday reality. It’s an era that is raising big, existential questions for us all, about everything
from the future of human existence to the future of human work.
“Things are changing so fast,” says Erik Brynjolfsson, a leading, technology-focused economist based at
Stanford University. As he notes, this new wave of technological change looks like it could be pretty different.
Unlike before, experienced and skilled workers benefited mostly from AI technology. In this new wave, it’s the less
experienced and less skilled workers who benefit the most. “And that might be helpful in terms of closing some of
the inequality that previous technologies actually promoted,” Brynjolfsson says. So one benefit of intelligence
machines is—maybe —they will improve the know-how and smarts of low performers, thereby reducing
inequality.
But it’s also possible that AI could lower the profit of the experienced, smart, or knowledgeable ones. AI could
reduce inequality by bringing the bottom up, and it could also reduce inequality by bringing the top and middle
down.
Of course, as Erik put, it’s also possible that Al could end up increasing inequality even more. For one, it could
make the Big AI companies, which own these powerful new systems, wildly rich. It could also empower business
owners to replace more and more workers with intelligent machines. And it could kill jobs for all but the best of the
best in various industries, who keep their jobs because maybe they’re superstars or because maybe they have
seniority.
The effects of AI, of course, are still very much being studied-and these systems are evolving fast — so this is
just an assumption. This machine intelligence could upend much of the previous thinking on which kinds of jobs
will be affected by automation.
1．What do the underlined words “the know-how and smarts” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Experience and intelligence. B．Skills and potential.C．Abilities and experience. D．Outlook and talents.
2．Who will gain more in this new AI era?
A．The senior with high rank. B．The new with little experience.
C．The learned with great credit. D．The poor with practical skills.
3．Which statement will Erik probably agree with?
A．The fast development of AI will promote the division of inequality.
B．The best of all walks of life will survive the competition against AI systems.
C．Giant AI companies will be the winner in the future world of new AI systems.
D．Lower rank workers with little knowledge are bound to be abandoned by employers.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．The Fast Growth of the World B．The Influence of the Inequality
C．The Impact of the AI System D．The Future of the AI Generation
2.（2023-2024学年湖南省名校大联考英语试题）
PFAS are found in nonstick pans, water-proof fabrics and food packaging. They're called forever chemicals
because of their ability to stick around and not break down. Now, using a bit of heat and two relatively common
compounds, researchers have degraded(降解) the chemical in the lab.
While some scientists have found relatively simple ways of breaking down select PFAS,most degradation
methods require harsh processes using intense pressure—in some cases over 22 mega-pascals—or extremely high
temperatures—sometimes upwards of 1,000℃ —to break the chemical bonds.
William Dichtel, from Northwestern University in Evanston, and his team experimented with two substances
found in nearly every chemistry lab; sodium hydroxide(氢氧化钠),also known as lye, and a solvent(溶剂)called
DMSO. The team worked specifically on a group of forever chemicals which contain a large percentage of PFAS.
When the team combined chemicals with the lye and DMSO at 120℃ and with no extra pressure needed, the
carbolic acid(羧酸)fell off the chemicals and became carbon dioxide."What happened next was unexpected,"
Dichtel said. The loss of the acid helped degrade the chemicals into fluoride ions(氟离子)and smaller carbon-
containing products, leaving behind no harmful by-products.
"It's a neat method; it's different from others that have been tried," says Chris Sales, an environmental
engineer at Drexel University in Philadelphia who was not involved in the study."The biggest question is how this
could be adapted and scaled up. Understanding this mechanism is just one step in undoing forever chemicals,"
Sales said.This process wouldn't work to deal with PFAS in the environment, because it requires a concentrated amount
of the chemicals, but it could one day be used in wastewater treatment plants, where the pollutants could be filtered
out of the water, concentrated and then broken down.
5. What can we learn about the previous ways to break down PFAS?
A. They're eco-friendly. B. They've been widely used.
C. They're difficult to operate. D. They're regarded as useless.
6. What did the team do in their experiment?
A. They experimented with different solvents.
B. They tried two very common substances.
C. They tested every group of forever chemicals,
D. They exposed chemicals to extreme temperatures.
7.What made the researchers most surprised in their experiment?
A. Environmentally-friendly reactions occurred.
B. The carboxylic acid became carbon dioxide.
C. No extra pressure was needed for the trial.
D. The lye and DMSO could work at 120℃,
8. What can we infer from Chris Sales' words?
A. It is difficult to deal with PFAS in the environment.
B. This mechanism will soon be used in the environment.
C. The method will be applied to different kinds of chemicals.
D More research is needed before the method is widely used.
3.（江西省宜丰中学2023年高三试题）
Some people say that the planet is getting smaller, that there are few places left to explore, and that the age of
exploration will be over soon.
I would argue instead that there has never been a greater need to explore. That’s because the stage for all
exploration is the natural world, and nature is experiencing a rapid decline. It is by exploring that we understand
and when we understand we develop an appreciation for what is found. Ultimately, only the things we appreciate
are worth protecting.
As the golden age of exploration weakens, so does the richness of life on Earth. It isn’t just that there are fewer
blank areas on the map; it is that wild places and spaces have been progressively carved up (瓜分). Visiting the
Okavango Delta or Kalahari Desert, for example, no longer implies a self-supported expedition. Field stations popup in important national parks and remote sensing by satellite becomes commonplace.
In the next century, I believe we will need larger and wilder areas. We will need the wilderness, not just for the
protection of it, but because it is an important part of the ecosystems from which we gain our necessities like clean
water, food and materials. If we succeed, then expeditions — brief travels into the wild that seek to answer
questions, monitor populations, and inspire action — will have a renewed sense of purpose. More importantly, they
greatly help the public experience, understand and appreciate nature.
Based on my own research expedition which aims to understand “edge effects” — how the changes in
temperature at forest edges impact animals, I find it important that today’s scientists continue to spend time in the
field. It is here that they begin to understand how seemingly unrelated environmental interactions influence their
study system. Sometimes, it’s difficult to know which is important to measure until you stand out there on the forest
edge.
It is the young generation that is the main force to lead the next wave of expeditions. The measure of their
success will be whether there are still well-preserved wild places for expeditions in the future. Their leadership is
needed now, more than ever.
9．What’s the purpose of this text?
A．To suggest understanding nature by keeping exploring.
B．To advise people not to travel to unknown places.
C．To inform us about the reduced biodiversity.
D．To call on the public to support the study.
10．What can we know about the expedition in wild spaces from Paragraph 3?
A．It is difficult for explorers to make progress.
B．It is more accessible with the help of technology.
C．It promotes the development of satellite technology.
D．It requires explorers to take sufficient heavy equipment.
11．What does the underlined part “pop up” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Appear unexpectedly. B．Close temporarily.
C．Develop quickly. D．Differ greatly.
12．What does the author realize after his research expedition?
A．The significance of scientists’ field trip.
B．The difficulty of carrying out fieldwork.
C．The need to expand the edges of forests.D．The influence of his study on the environment.
4.（2023年湖南省娄底市名校联考信息卷）
In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the ”Ice Ribbon“, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter
Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can
make all the differences. ”It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your
freezer,“ told Kenneth Golden, a U. S. mathematician who studies the structures of ice. ”It’s a much more
fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.“
The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals.
Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal(六边形的)structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer
the water, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important, As
one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide cooling technology has been
applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO , is not new when it comes to ice-making.
2
However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant, like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of
the atmosphere, CO , doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is
2 2
much lower than that of other synthetic refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO instead of Freon as
2
a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
”We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more
impressive way.“ told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the
2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
13．What is the result of impurities in water for ice-making?
A．The water isn’t able to freeze completely.
B．The quality of the ice will be affected.
C．The ice surface will be more consistent.
D．It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice.
14．Why has CO cooling technology been applied for the Winter Olympic Games?
2
A．It’s the most advanced technology for ice-making.
B．CO is more efficient than other refrigerants.
2C．CO is more environmentally friendly than Freon.
2
D．CO has already existed in the atmosphere.
2
15．What is Gao Bo’s attitude to CO being applied to ice-making?
2
A．Unclear. B．Opposed. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable.
16．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Are Coming
B．Beneath Olympic Ice
C．The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games
D．The Structure of Ice
5. （广东省深圳市罗湖区部分学校2023-2024学年高三试题）
Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who is always late - that’s an art, a frustrating art. Or, a
side effect of your personality traits, scientists have found.
So what is it that causes some people to constantly miss trains, make it to the wedding just after the bride’s
shown up and regularly annoy their friends? And why is it so hard for us to fix it? “There are all sorts of
punishments for being late, and the paradox is that we are late even when those punishments and consequences
exist.” said Justin Kruger, a social psychologist at New York University.
One of the commonest reasons why people are frequently late is that they fail to accurately judge how long a
task will take - something known as the planning fallacy(谬误). Research has shown that people on average
underestimate the time to complete a task by a significant 40 percent.
Another trait is that forever -late-comers are more likely to be multitaskers. In a 2003 study run by Jeff Conte
from San Diego State University found that out of 181 subway operators in New York City, those who preferred
multitasking were more often late for their job. This is because multitasking makes it harder to have the awareness
of what you’re doing. Conte also discovered there is a personality type that’s more likely to be late. While highly
strung(紧张不安), achievement-oriented Type A individuals are more possible to be punctual. Type B individuals,
however, who are more laid-back(漫不经心), have a higher chance to be late.
Admittedly, knowing all of this doesn’t necessarily help fix the problem. But scientists are starting to work on
strategies that can slowly improve our punctuality. For people who constantly underestimate tasks, breaking down
an activity into detailed steps can help people estimate how long something will take more accurately. As for your
personality type, unfortunately, there isn’t much you can do to change that. But accepting that you need to struggle
for it may just help. Acceptance, after all, is the first step to change.17．What does the underlined word “paradox” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Strategy. B．Argument. C．Solution. D．Puzzle.
18．What is a possible feature of forever-late-comers?
A．They plan to spend more time on a task.
B．They tackle more than one task at a time.
C．They suffer from concentration difficulties.
D．They have high expectations for achievements.
19．Which advice can be given to people who are always late?
A．Learn to accept who you are. B．Change your personality type.
C．Divide a task into smaller ones. D．Keep to the timetable accurately.
20．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Time management contributes to success.
B．Late comers should be severely punished.
C．One’s always being late is linked to personality.
D．Changing personality helps improve punctuality.
6.（广东省深圳市罗湖区部分学校2023-2024学年高三试题）
Next time you’re having trouble solving a tricky puzzle, consider asking a nearby bumblebee.
A new study in the journal PLOS Biology finds that bumblebees can learn certain behaviors from each other,
suggesting these social insects have a capacity for what we humans call “culture.”
In the past couple of decades, a growing body of evidence has shown that animals like chimps and birds show
behaviors of learning. If what they learn lasts for a long time, it turns into a tradition. And culture is made up of
multiple traditions. “Bumblebees, though, have some of the most complex behavioral abilities, nobody’s really
thought to look at culture in such insects and generally assume they’re mostly driven by inborn factors instead,”
says Alice Bridges, a behavioral ecologist at Anglia Ruskin University in England.
To prove them wrong, Bridges built a puzzle box, whose base held the reward: a drop of super sweet sugar
water. The box was designed with a rotating (旋转) top that can be rotated by pushing either on a red tab clockwise
or a blue tab anti-clockwise. Some bees were trained to push the red tab to get the sugar water while others pushed
the blue one. Then, these tutor bees were placed inside different colonies (蜂群), along with the puzzle boxes.
The experiment ultimately played itself out. In colonies where the tutor bee had originally learned to push the
red tab, the other bees in the colony usually pushed the red tab. In colonies where the tutor bee was trained to push
the blue tab, their fellow bees also tended to do the same. In contrast, in the control groups without tutors, the beessometimes learned how to open the boxes, but most of them would do it once or twice and then never again. “They
perhaps hadn’t quite made the link between their behavior and the reward,” Bridges supposes.
“Many of us consider ourselves to be rather special…because we have culture, we can learn and we’re social,”
Bridges says. “But now it turns out that even the bee also has culture, which is an uncomfortable truth: human
culture, once thought unique, does not emerge ‘out of the blue’ but has obviously built on deep evolutionary
foundations.
21．What is people’s common attitude to bumblebees having culture?
A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Interested. D．Doubtful.
22．Why does Bridges place trained bees inside different colonies?
A．To test their learning capability in new settings.
B．To see if they will spread the secret of the boxes.
C．To evaluate their ruling power in various groups.
D．To observe if they will share their food with peers.
23．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the study?
A．Its appeal to the public. B．Implications on cultural origins.
C．Its practical application. D．Suggestions for future directions.
24．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Human Culture Is Losing Its Uniqueness
B．Bee’s Behavior Builds on Biological Factors
C．Culture May Be Present Among Bumblebees
D．Animals’ Evolution May Start From Colonies
7.（2023届四川省高考英语模拟卷）
It’s becoming increasingly vital for individuals to cultivate strong critical thinking skills. Critical thinking
involves analyzing information and evidence in a clear, logical, and unbiased way. It’s the ability to ask relevant
questions, evaluate information, and come to well-reasoned conclusions.
One of the key benefits of critical thinking is that it can help us make better decisions. By analyzing
information carefully, we can avoid making hasty or impulsive decisions that we may later regret. Instead, we can
make well-informed choices that are backed by evidence and logical reasoning.
Critical thinking is also essential for academic success. College and university courses require students to read
and analyze texts, synthesize information from different sources, and present evidence-based arguments. Without
the ability to think critically, students may struggle to excel in their coursework and may be unable to engage inmeaningful debates and discussions.
Moreover, strong critical thinking skills are necessary for success in the workplace. Many employers look for
individuals who can provide well-reasoned solutions to complex problems, think creatively, and make sound
judgments. Critical thinking skills enable us to consider various options and outcomes and weigh the pros and cons
of each before arriving at a decision.
Finally, critical thinking is crucial for participation in civic life and democracy. Informed citizens need to be
able to evaluate information from different sources and decide which sources are reliable. They need to be able to
question assumptions, separate fact from opinion, and make well-reasoned decisions when voting or participating in
public debate.
Critical-thinking skills are essential for success in many areas of life. They enable us to make better decisions,
excel academically and professionally, and participate effectively in civic life. Therefore, it’s important for
individuals to cultivate and develop these skills throughout their lives.
25．Why are strong critical thinking skills essential for academic success?
A．Because academic courses require students to memorize information from different sources.
B．Because academic courses require students to engage in debates and discussions.
C．Because academic courses require students to analyze and synthesize information from different sources
and present evidence-based arguments.
D．Because academic courses require students to avoid learning from different sources.
26．Why are critical thinking skills necessary for success in office?
A．Because employers need individuals who supply evidence and reasoning to arrive at conclusions.
B．Because employers look for individuals who can’t provide well-reasoned solutions to complex problems.
C．Because employers want individuals who can make right and impulsive decisions.
D．Because employers try to gain individuals who provide reasoned solutions to problems, think creatively,
and so forth.
27．Why is critical thinking crucial for participation in civic life and democracy?
A．Because it’s dispensable for informed citizens to evaluate information from different sources.
B．Because informed citizens need become capable of question-assumptions, separate fact from opinion, etc.
C．Because civic life and democracy do require individuals to be informed in advance.
D．Because informed citizens neglect evidence and proof when participating in public debate.
28．What’s the best title for this passage?
A．The Importance of Exercise for Academic SuccessB．The Power of Positive Thinking for Workplace Success
C．The Significance of Critical Thinking Skills
D．The Art of Persuasion in Civic Life
8.（贵州省贵阳市2023-2024学年高三试题）
The term “oniomania”, which is used to describe people with obsessive (强迫性的), problematic shopping and
spending behaviors, consists of the Greek words “onios”, meaning “for sale”, and “mania”. Also known as
Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD) and Impulsive Compulsive Buying Disorder (ICBD), oniomania can leave
negative impact on your financial health and mental wellbeing if left untreated.
At this point you might be wondering: “What’s the difference between an oniomaniac and someone who likes
to shop perhaps a bit too much?” We tend to believe that the two are rather similar. Clinically (从临床上看),
however, they are quite easy to separate.
Although people who like shopping will return an item if they do not like it and start budgeting if they run
low on money, people suffering from oniomania are no longer able to make reasonable, let alone financially
responsible, decisions. They sometimes emotionally dissociate from what they are doing, making their purchases
while they are not really sure what to buy. Spending relieves feelings of anxiety and depression, but only
temporarily. In a short time, they might become moody, annoyed, and depressed, and their confidence declines
sharply.
To a certain extent, spending makes everyone feel good. In 2007, a group of researchers from MIT, Stanford
and Carnegie Mellon looked at the brains of American consumers via MRI technology and found that when they
purchased desirable objects, their nucleus accumbens — the brain’s pleasure center — would light up, indicating a
positive stimulation. This stimulation can take on different forms. For instance, some people get particularly excited
when they believe they have gotten a good deal. This, researchers say, is the result of the prefrontal cortex — the
decision-making part of our brain — interacting with the insula, the part of our brain that processes pain. According
to psychotherapist Joyce Marter, compulsive buyers in the U. S. make an average of 156 impulsive purchases per
year. Each purchase sets them back around $81. 75, making for a grand total of $5, 400 per year and a thorough
shocking $324, 000 per lifetime. That money could have been invested in a home, an education, or other products
that you actually need in order to survive and thrive in the world. Ultimately, though, treating oniomania is about
much more than just protecting your finances from your own impulses — it’s also about maintaining your personal
mental health and improving your relationships with others.
29．What do we know about oniomania?A．It is a normal behavior.
B．It influences people’s health.
C．It means people who like shopping.
D．It describes people’s difference.
30．What does the underlined phrase “run low on” probably mean?
A．run out of
B．go short of
C．look down on
D．become rich in
31．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?
A．Why many researchers take part in the study.
B．How everyone makes a wise decision.
C．How desirable objects are well welcome.
D．Why shopping makes common people happy.
32．What is the benefit of treating oniomania?
A．It is beneficial to education.
B．It develops our desires.
C．It keeps our mind healthy.
D．It is harmful to relationships.
9.（云南省昆明市师范大学附属中学2023年高三试题）
“It is necessary for us to go to places that still look like the ocean as it was 500 years ago,” says Enric Sala,
former professor at Scripps Institute of Oceanography. However, in most parts of the world, marine conservation is
stymied by opposition from fishing, oil, and mining interests. A mere 7 percent of the world’s ocean has protection
—mostly weak rules, and only 2.5 percent is highly protected. Outside of these zones, the ocean’s story is a
continuing failure.
A few remaining parts of the ocean are the last wild places of the sea—the marine equivalent of the remotest
old-growth forest in the Amazon—still unaffected by overfishing, pollution and climate change. Enric is working
with the National Geographic Society and together launched the Pristine Seas project in 2008. Over the past 14
years, Pristine Seas has helped create 28 marine reserves, making up two-thirds of the world’s fully protected
marine areas—covering more than two million square miles in all.
Now Sala and his team have set an even more ambitious goal: to see more than a third of the world’s oceanconserved for the purpose not just of sustaining biodiversity but also of replenishing(补充)fish stocks and storing
carbon.
Pristine Seas worked with native Palauans(帕劳人)to give an ancient conservation tradition a modern change.
For centuries, Palauans have used what they all “buls”, a Palauan word which means closure, to preserve and
rebuild their reef fish stocks. Over the years they have created 35 reserves to protect marine life around their
islands, some of which ban fishing permanently.
Sala and his team calculate that a 14-fold expansion of the fully protected part of the ocean, from 2.5 percent
to 35 percent, would provide 64 percent of the biodiversity benefits while increasing the global fish catch by almost
10 million metric tons. Even that may sound impossible, but the alternative is awful. For now, we still get to
choose.
33．What does the underlined word “stymied” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Frustrated. B．Supported.
C．Accelerated. D．Overestimated.
34．What situation does global ocean protection face?
A．Protecting the ocean influences mining most.
B．Ocean protection has achieved great progress.
C．Few oceans have been properly protected so far.
D．Current rules have been enough for ocean protection.
35．What can we learn about the Pristine Seas project?
A．It has protected two-thirds of the world’s ocean.
B．It sets unrealistic goals when protecting the ocean.
C．It asks to prohibit fishing in the 35 created reserves.
D．It has made some advances in maintaining biodiversity.
36．Where can we probably read this article?
A．www.newsflash.com.
B．www.worldissues.com.
C．www.scienceforkds.com.
D．www.eco-conservation.com.
10.（云南省昆明市师范大学附中2023年高三试题）
Even if you’re not familiar with Big Hero 6, a comic series and Disney movie, the robot Baymax might look
familiar. A six-foot-two-inch tall, round, white, inflatable(可充气的)robot nurse, tasked with healthcare duties,Baymax calmly cares for his patients, supports a middle-school student and even helps a cat. A great pal indeed!
While soft robots already exist, forming one that we would have in our homes, like Baymax, is another story.
“There’re all kinds of things that need to come together,” says Alex Alspach, a roboticist at Toyota Research
Institute, who also helped develop the movie version of Baymax. Building Baymax’s software—the smart,
humanlike mind which gives personalized responses is complex. By comparison, constructing the body will
probably be simpler, Alspach suspects. Still, even that will come with challenges.
In the movie, whenever there is a hole, Baymax covers himself with tape or a Band-Aid. He can also inflate’
and deflate himself when he needs to, but it takes a long time. But the movie does not show the complex hardware
that would be required to do this. An air compressor(压缩机)would be too heavy to carry. And while roboticists are
coming up with chemicals that could inflate soft robots quickly, it’s too early to use these techniques.
For soft robots, staying soft and lightweight would keep their parts from getting damaged, but when making a
life-sized robot, that will be difficult, since so many moving parts—such as motors, a battery pack, sensors and’ the
air Compressor—will pack on weight.
Heat is another hard nut to crack. This heat will come from the motors and other electronics. Anything
covering the frame of a robot will trap heat. For a life-sized robot, more motors and more heat could cause it to
overheat and shut down or even catch on fire in some cases.
Will we see Baymax soon? “There will be a lot of dumb robots before you get to something as smart as
Baymax,” says Alspach. But most experts agree that big steps toward making Baymax will come soon. “I think kids
will get to see that in their lifetime,” Alspach says, “I’m hoping I get to see it in my lifetime. I don’t think we’re
that far.”
37．Why does the author mention the movie Big Hero 6 in Paragraph 1?
A．To indicate that the movie has been a hit.
B．To list the duties that a robot nurse will take.
C．To introduce the topic of building soft robots.
D．To present the research background and method.
38．What makes soft and lightweight robots difficult to build?
A．Air compressors and batteries get damaged easily.
B．The requirements for the hardware are demanding.
C．It takes long to produce the tapes or the Band-Aids.
D．Inflating robots with chemicals will harm their motors.39．What can be inferred from the text?
A．It is quite simple to build he robots’ hardware.
B．Nothing delights kids more than having a robot in their homes.
C．There is a long way to go before actual soft robots are created.
D．Current technology is sufficient for building healthcare robots.
40．What is Alspach’s attitude towards the coming of soft robots?
A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Skeptical. D．Critical.
11.（2023年云南省保山市高三二模考试英语试题）
From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music, ChatGPT has amazed the world since its launch in
late 2022. It even passed several law exams in four courses at the University of Minnesota, US, according to CNN.
ChatGPT is a language model developed by US-based company OpenAI, which is designed to respond to
human language in a way that sounds like a person. The model is based on the GPT-3.5 architecture and has been
trained on a large corpus (语料库) of text data, including books, articles, and websites, using unsupervised (无人监
督的) learning techniques.
As a language model, ChatGPT can understand and respond to a wide range of questions and requests, making
it an outstanding tool for many different applications. ChatGPT has been trained on a large dataset of text, which
allows it to understand a wide range of topics. This means that it can assist with various tasks, involving answering
questions, providing information on different subjects, summarizing texts, and even generating writing prompts.
One of the best things about ChatGPT is that it’s always learning and improving. It uses advanced natural
language processing algorithms (计算程序) to generate is responses, which means that it is constantly improving
and getting better and better as it receives more data over time. This makes it an incredibly powerful tool that can
help you learn, grow, and succeed in school and beyond. It’s a valuable resource that can help you achieve your
academic goals, whether you need help with research, writing, or just want to chat. It’s like having a smart friend
who can help you with your homework or give you interesting ideas to write about.
But despite its advanced capabilities, ChatGPT is not wihout limitations. As with any AI technology, ChatGPT
has certain weaknesses and challenges that can impact its performance and accuracy.
41．Which of the following statements about ChatGPT is correct?
A．It could pass several law exams in various courses.
B．It was designed by the GPT-3.5 architecture.
C．It gave the world a hit the moment it was launched.D．It was designed to respond to human language in exactly the same manner as humans.
42．Who is the passage probably written for?
A．Students. B．Professors. C．Doctors. D．Engineers.
43．What will be probably discussed next in the passage?
A．More information about AI technology. B．The future applications of AI technology.
C．Advanced capabilities of ChatGPT. D．Limitations of ChatGPT.
44．What can be a suitable title of the passage?
A．ChatGPT has been a new trend B．ChatGPT will be the future of AI technology
C．ChatGPT has impressed the world D．ChatGPT has both advantages and disadvantages
12.（江苏省2023-2024学年高三第一届“七夕杯”高中英语能力检测试题）
Humans are pretty unique among life on Earth. As far as we know, we’re the only living species to evolve the
higher intelligence, wear clothes, cook our food, and even invent smartphones. But what if humans suddenly went
extinct? What other animals might evolve to have the smarts and skills to create large,complex societies as we
have?
With modern genetic technology and our understanding of evolution, “we’re pretty good at making short-term
predictions. “Martha Reiskind, an ecologist, told Live Science. For example, we can predict that if humans were to
disappear tomorrow, climate change would continue to drive many species to adapt to drought. And species living
in cold areas would continue to struggle to live as well.
“A big thing will be the concept of convergence.” Dougal Dixon, a geologist, told Live Science Convergence
is an evolutionary process by which two unrelated creatures develop similar features in order to succeed in a
particular environment. For example, with their sleek (光滑的) bodies and fins, fish are suitable for living in water.
However, dolphins have evolved a very similar body plan—and unlike fish, they are warm-blooded, air-breathing
animals with a totally different evolutionary background.
One feature that makes humans uniquely good at building is our skillful hands. In order to fill the same role as
humans—that is, building cities and heavily modifying our environment—another species would need to develop a
similar ability to control objects. Other primates (灵长目动物), like chimpanzees. our closest living relatives,
already can make tools in the wild. It’s possible that if humans disappeared, they might replace us.
But any disaster terrible enough to destroy humans is also likely to destroy chimpanzees, which leaves another
tool-using candidate to fill humans place: birds. Birds are very brainy. Some birds can use their feet to form wire
into hooks. And trained African grey parrots can learn upwards of 100 words and do simple math, includingunderstanding the concept of zero. Birds can also gather in large groups, and some even build group nesting sites.
Of course, all of these are predictions. Scientists have said it’s almost impossible to truly predict how
evolution will unfold. As we go further and further out, the prediction is less accurate. And it’s even more difficult
to predict whether another species will develop human-level intelligence, Some think that it could happen. Others,
however, are less optimistic because they don’t think nature will make mistakes twice.
45．Why does the author mention fish and dolphins in Para. 3?
A．To show how dolphins evolved
B．To explain what convergence is.
C．To show the advantage of the fish shape
D．To explain the feature of animals living in water.
46．What do chimpanzees and some birds have in common?
A．The ability to make tools B．The habit of group living
C．The ability to do simple math D．The close relationship with humans
47．Which animals might replace humans if a worst disaster happened?
A．Sea animals. B．Chimpanzees
C．Birds. D．Dogs.
48．Which of the following best describes the future of other species filling the same role as humans?
A．Hopeless. B．Challenging.
C．Promising. D．Uncertain.
13.（2023年河北省唐山市开滦第二中学试卷）
It’s no secret that non-alcoholic beer tastes much worse than regular beer, but scientists in Denmark now claim
to have developed a way of making it taste just as satisfying.
What non-alcoholic beer lacks is the flavor from hops (啤酒花). When you remove the alcohol from the beer,
for example by heating it up, you also kill the flavor that comes from hops. Other methods for making alcohol-free
beer also lead to poor flavor because alcohol is needed for hops to pass their unique flavor to the beer.
“After years of research, we have found a way to produce monoterpenoids (单萜), which provide the flavor,
and then add them to the beer at the end of the process of making beer to give back its lost flavor. No one has been
able to do this before, so it’s a game changer for non-alcoholic beer,” the Danish professor added.
This method of artificially recreating the flavor of hops using monoterpenoids is currently being tested in
factories producing across Denmark, and the plan is to have a plan ready for the country’s entire beer industry by
the end of October.Although non-alcoholic beer has been growing in popularity at a very rapid pace, the new thing announced by
Sotirios Kampranis and his team could have major meaning for the entire beer industry and our environment.
Growing hops is a very wasteful process, with one kilogram of hops requiring no less than 2.7 tons of water.
“With our method, we skip hops and the water and the transportation. This means that one kilogram of hops
can be produced with more than 10,000 times less water and more than 100 times less CO ,” Kampranis said.
2
“When the monoterpenoids are released from yeast, we collect them and put them into the beer, giving back the
taste of regular beer that so many of us know and love.” he added.
49．What plays a key role in making beer?
A．Hops. B．Water. C．CO. D．Patience.
2
50．What can we learn about the new non-alcoholic beer?
A．It is the best beer in the market. B．It has been produced in many countries.
C．It has the same taste with the traditional beer. D．It is very popular with the young in Denmark.
51．What does Kampranis think the new non-alcoholic beer?
A．It is a process filled with waste. B．It is environmentally friendly.
C．It needs better transportation. D．It gets an unexpected response.
52．In which section can we read this text in a newspaper?
A．Sports. B．Culture. C．Education. D．Technology.
14.（吉林省长春市长春外国语学校2023年高三试题）
Rain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn’t just made of water anymore — it’s partly made of plastic.
Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, are wandering around Earth’s atmosphere and traveling
across entire continents, according to a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences on April 12. Another study, published in the journal Science in June 2020, has revealed that every year
more than 1,000 tons of the particles — equivalent to over 120 million plastic bottles — fall in rain.
Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and come from a number of sources.
Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics
are manufactured deliberately to provide abrasion in a host of products, such as toothpaste and cleansers, according
to the Daily Mail. Another major source is your washing machine. When you wash synthetic clothing, tiny
microfibers get flushed away with the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the
microplastics remain, and they are released into the sea, according to American magazine Wired.
Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with. Thetiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the ground. They are so light
that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe. As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act as
nuclei around which water vapor condenses to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions,
while the rest comes down as rain, according to the Daily Mail.
Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes,
their bodies have been found, on average, to contain 40 pieces of microplastic, reported Daily Mail. As the top of
the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. “ We live on a ball inside a bubble,” microplastic
researcher Steve Allen at University of Strathelyde, Scotland, told Wired. “There are no borders, there are no edges.
It (plastic rain) is raining on the land and then getting blown back up into the air again, to move somewhere else.
There’s no stopping it once it’s out.”
53．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．How microplastics are used widely.
B．How microplastics come into being.
C．How microplastics pollute water.
D．How microplastics should be handled.
54．What do we know about microplastics?
A．They are light and can be easily dealt with.
B．They result in both acid rain and plastic rain.
C．They have nearly affected the whole food chain.
D．They have a diameter of at least 5 millimeters.
55．What do Steve Allen’s words mean in the last paragraph?
A．Countries should work together to fight pollution.
B．The atmosphere possesses the capacity to self-cleanse.
C．It is important to remove microplastics somewhere else.
D．No place is safe from microplastic pollution.
56．Which of the following can be the best title?
A．The sources and effects of microplastics.
B．The difference between acid rain and plastic rain.
C．The dangers of microplastics.
D．The microplastics in food chain.
15.（黑龙江省肇州二中2023年高三试题）Finding a mask which offers you a high protection level is crucial to filtering (过滤) out any particles for a
long time. However, after a few hours, the mask becomes contaminated (污染) by the particles and you need to
replace it with a new one. See, you have to get a mask offering active protection in addition to passive filtration.
The first rule of a mask offering you any kind of protection is that it needs to fit well. The mask also needs to
be comfortable and allow you to breathe easily for you to be able to keep it on for as many hours as you need.
During long hours of wear, food and dirt may remain on the inside of your mask. All the hours spent in a place
with less-than-ideal conditions for human health are wonderful news for bacteria that thrive on food particles and
muck left behind on the inside of your mask. This growth opportunity for bacteria could not just be dangerous but
could also cause a bad smell. So you’d better have a kind that kills off the smell-causing bacteria, leaving your
mask smelling fresh.
You should look for cloth masks that have multiple layers of breathable fabric that is tightly woven, include a
robust (结实的) nose wire for you to adjust the mask to the shape of your face and prevent air escaping from
around your nose, do not have gaps around the nose or sides of the face and that block out the light if you hold the
mask up to a bright light source. It is good for the mask to come with your choice of either head straps or ear straps,
both adjustable. It is also good if the mask has different sizes ranging from kids to adults to ensure everyone stays
protected.
57．What is most important about a mask according to the first paragraph?
A．Offering passive filtration.
B．Offering active protection.
C．Working for long hours.
D．Filtering out all particles.
58．Why should a mask have a robust nose wire?
A．To shape your face.
B．To block out the light.
C．To offer different sizes ranging from kids to adults.
D．For you to adjust the shape and prevent air escaping.
59．Which of the following can’t be adjusted?
A．The size. B．The ear strap.
C．The nose wire. D．The head strap.
60．Whom is the passage intended for?A．Kids. B．Doctors.
C．Citizens. D．Mask makers.
