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上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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上海中学 2022 学年第二学期期中考试
高二英语
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end
of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read
the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question
you have heard.
1. A. He will review 2 more lessons. B. He will study the other 20 lessons.
C. He will go over the 13 lessons. D. He will study all the 15 lessons.
2. A. His injury kept him at home. B. He didn’t think it necessary.
C. He was too weak to see the doctor. D. He failed to make an appointment.
3. A. The post office. B. Monroe Street. C. The courthouse. D. Fourth Avenue.
4. A. Disappointed. B. Approving. C. Concerned. D. Doubtful.
5. A. He played his part quite well. B. He was not dramatic enough.
C. He performed better than the secretary. D. He exaggerated his part.
6. A. He wrote a book about great restaurants.
B. He always makes reservations for dinner.
C. He read a book while he was eating dinner.
D. He always finds good places to eat.
7. A. He is afraid he won’t be chosen for the trip.
B. The boss has not decided where to go.
C. Such a trip is necessary for the company.
D. It’s not certain whether the trip will take place.
8. A. It’s too expensive to get the apartment furnished.
B. The furniture he bought was very cheap.
C. The apartment was provided with some old furniture.
D. It’s hard to find proper furniture for his apartment.
9. A. She has the intention to work for the school newspaper.
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B. The man can spare some time reading school newspaper.
C. The man has a very tight schedule.
D. The man should have taken more than five classes.
10. A. Whether the meeting is certainly to be held on Monday.
B. What bad news will be talked about at the meeting.
C. What they are going to discuss at the meeting.
D. Where the meeting is to be held.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be
asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and
conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a
question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer
to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Appropriateness of the programs. B. The operation of national programs.
C. The incomes of the corporation. D. The welfare of the staff.
12. A. By donations from the public. B. By selling its programs.
C. By selling broadcasting devices. D. By getting support from the royals.
13. A. Its humorous styles. B. The richness of its programs.
C. Famous news announcers. D. Its neutral views on news.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Social progress and individual development.
B. Human behaviors and social changes.
C. General concepts about psychology and sociology.
D. Relationship between cultures and human behaviors.
15. A. What is the role of religion or art in a society?
B. What is the main reason for revolution in a society?
C. What are the causes of antisocial behavior?
D. Why does one society progress more rapidly than another?
16. A. Both psychology and sociology study human behavior.
B. Mental problems should be dealt with by sociologist.
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C. Sociology is the study of group behavior.
D Psychology pays more attention to individuals than to groups.
.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. It looks into opinions that people hold about old age.
B. It is about how to keep healthy in old age.
C. It investigates causes of old people’s unhappiness.
D. It reveals the secret of living longer.
18. A. Arouse people’s awareness of caring for the old.
B. Encourage people to be more responsible for the old.
C. Help people change their feelings about old age.
D. Ease people’s fear and anxiety about mental illness of the old.
19. A. They are mostly among the 60-70 age group.
B. They are mostly abandoned by their families.
C. People do not become more lonely because of old age.
D. People among any age group are not lonely at all.
20. A. They are changing suddenly and completely at a particular age.
B. It’s hard to recognize a person when he is turning old.
C. Old people can’t deal with events and problems properly.
D. People do not change in old age a lot more than in middle age.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A: Multiple choices
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and
D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. ________ health experts’ belief that giving people access to their health data will inspire them to eat better and
exercise more, there’s evidence ________ their promise isn’t quite paying off.
A. Despite of; / B. Despite; that C. Though; that D. In spite of; for
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查介词和名词性从句。句意：尽管健康专家相信，让人们了解自己的健康数据会激励他们吃得
更好，锻炼得更多，但有证据表明，他们的承诺并没有完全兑现。名词 belief前用介词。despite =in spite
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of尽管。名词evidence后接同位语动词，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导。故选
B。
2. When humans develop machines that are smarter than they are and machines begin to improve themselves, they
risk ________ the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligence explosion”.
A. what B. that what C. even if D. whatever
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：当人类开发比自己更加聪明的机器，而这些机器开始自我改进时，他们就
面临数学家IJ Good所谓的“智能爆炸”的风险。根据句意及句子结构可知空处为宾语，what引导了一个
宾语从句作为risk的宾语，表示“风险是数学家IJ Good所称为超级智能（intelligence explosion）的事
件”。故选A。
3. His technique has developed to the point _____ he can help kill the latest computer virus going round the city.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他的技能已经发展到能杀死全城最新电脑病毒的地步。分析句意可知，先
行词the point指抽象地点，在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where来引导，故选D 项。
4. Only when the war, with all its unexpected consequences, is over ________.
A. that any political impacts will begin B. will any political impacts begin
C. and any political impacts will begin D. any political impacts will begin
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装结构。句意：只有当战争及其所有意想不到的后果结束时，任何政治影响才会开始。在
句首的only如果后面跟了副词、介词短语或从句等状语，则主句用部分倒装结构。故选B。
5. Addicted to shopping, I found that the items I bought lost their appeal right around ________ a new item caught
my eye.
A. the second when B. a second when C. the second D. a second
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：沉迷于购物的我发现，我买的东西一旦被新东西吸引，就会失去吸引力。分析
句子结构可知，句中缺少连词，所以用连词短语the second，表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。
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故选C。
6. The collectors dreamed of ________ a place to show off the collection in Latin America as a way to spark
dialogue among artists across the diverse regions.
A. there to be B. there being C. there having D. there would be
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：收藏家们梦想在拉丁美洲有一个展示收藏的地方，作为激发不同地区艺
术家之间对话的一种方式。A. there to be有；B. there being有；C. there having有；D. there would be有。
there be 结构表示“某处有某物”，根据空前dreamed of后面只能接动名词形式作宾语，故选B项。
7. Researching findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we ________ during
the day.
A. would have done B. should have done C. may have done D. must have done
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：研究发现我们每晚有两个小时在做梦，不管我们白天可能干了什
么。A. would have done本来会做某事而没做；B. should have done本应该做某事而没有做；C. may have
done可能干了某事；D. must have done肯定做过某事。结合句意“不管我们白天可能干了什么”，可知是
对白天情况的推测，故选C项。
8. The invention of telegram ________ the transmission of messages to any part of the world within a few seconds.
A. made possible B. made it possible C. made possibly D. made it possibly
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。句意：电报的发明使信息在几秒钟内传送到世界各地成为可能。the transmission
of messages部分为名词，不是动词不定式，此处不需要it作形式宾语，排除B项和D项；此处是“make+
宾语+宾语补足语”结构，副词不能作宾语补足语，排除C项。故选A。
9. With the meeting ________ in just a couple of hours, I didn’t have the time to worry about those unimportant
things.
A. beginning B. begun C. to begin D. would begin
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式做宾补。句意：会议几小时后就开始了，我没有时间担心这些不重要的事情。根据时
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间状语“in just a couple of hours”可知是即将发生，to do做宾补表示将来，为主动，故使用不定式形式。
故选C项。
10. Yesterday, the storm delayed us. ________ the storm we would have been here in time.
A. If it were not for B. But for C. Unless D. But that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：昨天，暴风雨耽搁了我们。要不是暴风雨，我们早就到了。首先观察选
项，C、D两项后接句子，故排除；根据句意可知，句子表达的是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，而A
项If it were not for是对现在或将来的虚拟，因此也排除；根据虚拟语气的用法，but for+短语表达的虚拟语
气，如果与现在或将来事实相反，主句谓语动词使用would等情态动词+动词原形；如果与过去事实相
反，主句谓语动词使用would等情态动词+have done，本句主句谓语动词使用了would have done，故选B
项。
11. In our discussion of instincts, we saw that there was reason to believe ________ we inherit must be of some
very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior.
A. how B. when C. whatever D. since
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：在我们关于本能的讨论中，我们看到有理由相信，无论我们继承了什
么，都一定是某种非常简单的行为，而不是任何复杂或非常明确的行为。分析句子结构可知，动词believe
后接宾语从句，从句must前为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，结合句意，表示“无论什么”，用连接代
词whatever。故选C。
12. The dress proved such a hit ________ the London company who made the original for Diana turned it into an
off-the-peg line.
A. whenever B. as C. since D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：这条裙子大受欢迎，以至于为戴安娜王妃制作原作的伦敦公司把它变成了
一个现成的系列。A. whenever无论何时；B. as引导定语从句，正如；C. since既然；D. that那个。根据上
文的“such a hit”且“the London company who made the original for Diana turned it into an off-the-peg line.”
从句部分成分完整，此处为such...that...这个结构，引导结果状语从句。故选D。
13. ________ your phone is a worthy assistant, there’s no substitute for a real camera when it comes to ________
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the perfect picture.
A. As; taking B. Whether; take C. Though; take D. While; taking
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、非谓语动词。句意：虽然你的手机是一个很有价值的伙伴，但在拍摄完美照片
时，没有什么可以替代真正的相机。分析句子结构，这是一个包含让步状语从句的复合句，因从句“your
phone is a worthy assistant(你的手机是一个很有价值的伙伴)”与主句之间为转折关系，使用while引导让步
状语从句。根据第二个空白处前面的介词to可知第二个空白处应动名词，综合以上分析并分析四个选项，
D项符合以上分析，故选D项。
14. The economist argues that no society can surely be flourishing and happy, ________ of the members are poor
and miserable.
A. of which the far greater part B. of which far greater part
C. of whom the far greater part D. of whom far greater part
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和冠词。句意：这位经济学家认为，如果一个社会的大部分成员都是贫穷和悲惨
的，那么这个社会就不可能繁荣和幸福。句中先行词为society ，在非限定性定语从句中作定语，所以用
关系代词whose或用介词of +which引导。比较级修饰名词作定语时，前需用定冠词the。故选A。
15. It is likely that we may ________ great benefits from such releases of genetically engineered organisms into the
environment — providing they do what we expect them to.
A. invalidate B. derive C. prohibit D. reserve
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果基因工程生物体表现符合预期，它们将可能从中获得巨大的好
处。A. invalidate使无效，作废；B. derive获得，接收；C. prohibit禁止；D. reserve保留。根据“great
benefits from such releases of genetically engineered organisms into the environment ”可知空处表达的意思为
“获得”，derive符合句意。故选B项。
16. His election campaigns were infamous for their cruelty — he often made sure that those who did not vote for
him would never vote again — but the ________ of his involvement has never been clear.
A. vision B. vulnerability C. depth D. misconception
【答案】C
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【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的竞选活动因其残酷而臭名昭著——他经常确保那些没有投票给他
的人永远不会再投票——但他参与的深度一直不清楚。A. vision视觉；B. vulnerability弱点，脆弱；C.
depth深度；D. misconception误解。根据“His election campaigns were infamous for their cruelty — he often
made sure that those who did not vote for him would never vote again”和转折词but可知，不清楚他残酷的竞
选活动参与的深度。故选C。
17. In contrast to Barbie’s fantasy figure and fashionable high heels, these dolls are ________ on girls from
historical eras and come with storybooks about themselves.
A. modeled B. synthesized C. popularized D. imposed
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与芭比娃娃的幻想身材和时尚的高跟鞋形成鲜明对比的是，这些娃娃
以历史时代的女孩为蓝本，并配有关于自己的故事书。A. modeled建模；模仿；B. synthesized合成；C.
popularized普及；D. imposed强加。固定短语be modeled on表示“以……为模型”，符合语境，故选A
项。
Section B: Vocabulary
Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note
that there is one word more than you need.
A. competence B. repetitive C. dramatically D. pace E. routinely AB. beating
AC. blowing AD. worthy AE. shallowly BC. ease BD. readiness
How to prevent and fight anxiety?
Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you easily annoyed, weaken your ability to concentrate, and
ruin your appetite. And the constant state of ____18____ generated by anxiety -- adrenaline (肾上腺素) pumping,
heart racing, palms sweating-may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease.
How to prevent anxiety then?
Meditate. Maybe you’re just nervous. If so meditation is ____19____ of a try. It cultivates a calmness that
,
will ____20____ anxious feelings and offer a sense of control. A study at the University of Massachusetts found
that volunteers who took an 8-week meditation course, were considerably less anxious afterward. People who are
nervous find that they are ____21____ calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20
minutes after dinner.
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Jog, walk, swim, or cycle. If you can’t make time for meditation, be sure to make time for regular exercise.
Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it’s something ____22____ like running or
swimming laps.
Treatment?
Remember to breathe. When you’re anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too ____23____. That
makes you feel more anxious. Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect.
Let’s say you are anxious about your ____24____ on the job. Ask yourself “What, in particular, am I afraid
that I’ll mess up?” Maybe you’re afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines. Or maybe you’re
worried that you’re ____25____it whenever you present your ideas in meetings. Are your worries reasonable?
Have you had several near misses with deadlines? Are your suggestions ____26____ rejected? If not, the anxiety is
needless. If there is a real problem, work on a solution: ____27____ yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a
public speaking class.
【答案】18. BD 19. AD 20. BC 21. C 22. B 23. AE 24. A 25. AC 26. E 27.
D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些缓解焦虑的方法。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：由焦虑引起的持续的准备状态——肾上腺素激增、心跳加速、手心出汗——可能导致高
血压和心脏病。此处应用名词作宾语，由下文“adrenaline (肾上腺素) pumping, heart racing, palms sweating-
may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease.”可知，焦虑会引起一些持续的准备状态，此处应用
名词readiness作宾语，表示“准备就绪状态”，为不可数名词，故选BD。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果是这样，冥想是值得一试的。be worthy of固定搭配，意为“值得”，符合语境，
worthy是形容词作表语，故选AD。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：它能培养出一种平静，这种平静可以缓解焦虑的情绪，并提供一种控制感。由上文“It
cultivates a calmness”可知，冥想能培养出一种缓解焦虑的平静，此处应用动词ease表示“缓解”，放在情
态动动词will后面应用原形，故选BC。
【21题详解】
考查副词。句意：紧张的人会发现，早上冥想20分钟，晚饭后再冥想20分钟，他们会显著地平静下来。
此处应用副词修饰形容词calmer，由下文“calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20
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minutes after dinner.”可知，此处表示“显著地”，为副词dramatically，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：锻炼和冥想有同样的镇静效果，特别是像跑步或游泳这样的重复性运动。此处应用形
容词作后置定语，修饰不定代词something，由下文“like running or swimming laps.”可知，此处表示像跑
步或游泳这样的重复性运动，应用形容词repetitive，表示“重复性的”，故选B。
【23题详解】
考查副词。句意：当你感到焦虑时，你往往会屏住呼吸或呼吸过于浅。此处应用副词修饰动词breathe，由
上文“When you’re anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too”可知，当你感到焦虑时，你往往会呼
吸过于浅，此处应用副词shallowly作状语，表示“浅地”，故选AE。
【24题详解】
考查名词。句意：假设你对自己的工作能力感到焦虑。此处应用名词作宾语，由下文“Ask yourself “What,
in particular, am I afraid that I’ll mess up?””可知，此处表示对自己的工作能力感到焦虑，应用名词
competence表示“能力”，为不可数名词，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词。句意：或者你担心当你在会议上提出你的想法时你会搞砸。由上文“What, in particular, am I
afraid that I’ll mess up?”可知，此处表示你会担心自己将会议搞砸，动词blow表示“搞砸”，和主语you
是主动关系，此处应用现在分词形式和前面的are构成现在进行时，故选AC。
【26题详解】
考查副词。句意：你的建议照常被拒绝吗？此处应用副词修饰动词rejected，表示“常规地”，应用副词
routinely，故选E。
【27题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果真的有问题，那就想个解决办法：调整自己的节奏以更好地完成最后期限，或者参
加一个公共演讲班。由下文“yourself to better meet deadlines,”可知，此处表示调整自己的节奏以更好地完
成最后期限，应用动词pace，表示“调整自己的工作节奏”，此处是祈使句，应用动词原形，故选D。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A: Cloze
Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,
B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural
environment. Information which explains and promotes green construction design strives to ____28____ others of
its effectiveness and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to
第 10 页 共 28 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this
knowledge on a ____29____ level.
Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list
enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a (n) ____30____ way, that doesn’t translate into a booming
green construction industry. Likewise, the fact that plenty of architectural firms have experience in green design is
not enough to make green construction ____31____. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed
with minimal environmental impact ____32____ the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project.
If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be
____33____ into the design.
The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ____34____ the owner gets the building he wants, in
terms of design, costs and risk. Owners who ____35____ the commissioning process, or fail to take “green” issues
into account when doing so, often run into trouble once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment
are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. ____36____, in time, the
owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are
dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental
impact.
In some cases, an owner may be _____37_____ of the latest trends in green building design, which, however,
does not necessarily lead to an interpretation that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the
structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and
_____38_____ the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives. In this way, he may turn a project
originally not _____39_____green design into a potential candidate.
Typically, when condiering whether or not to adopt a green _____40_____, an owner will ask about additional
costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical and electrical engineers are not
involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, they have a role to play from they outset, since green
design demands_____41_____between these disciplines, which requires additional cost. However, there are
examples of green design which have demonstrated_____42_____costs for long-term operation, ownership and
even construnction.
28. A. preserve B. convince C. exploit D. accuse
29. A. pracical B. measured C. tremendous D. theoretial
30. A. professional B. groundbreaking C. innovative D. sustainable
31. A. tap into experience B. live up to its name C. rise to fame D. come into being
第 11 页 共 28 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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32. A. refers to B. lies with C. races against D. calls on
33. A. knocked B. loaded C. factored D. stuffed
34. A. concluding B. stressing C. ensuring D. acknowledging
35. A. skip B. transport C. isolate D. cover
36. A. As a result B. On the contrary C. What’s more D. However
37. A. ignorant B. aware C. critical D. capable
38 A. promote B. perceive C. attribute D. impose
.
39. A. applited to B. anxious for C. destined for D. specific about
40. A. gesture B. approach C. origin D. patent
41. A. competition B. calculation C. cooperation D. distinction
42. A. increased B. extra C. fixed D. lower
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. A 36. D 37. B
38. A 39. C 40. B 41. C 42. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了近年来，关于建筑对自然环境影响的信息层出不穷，所以绿
色设计的理念日益受到欢迎，但是绿色建造却并未流行起来，文章分析了原因并提供了一些建议。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：解释和促进绿色建筑设计的信息努力使他人相信它的有效性，并警告忽视这个
问题的危险。A. preserve保存；B. convince使确信；C. exploit剥削、利用；D. accuse控告、指责。根据下
文“warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue.”可知，这些信息是警告人们忽视这个问题的危险性，所以信
息是为了使他人相信绿色建筑的有效性。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些文档很少向从业人员(例如为建筑物设计机械和电气系统的人员)提供关于
如何在实践层面上使用这些知识的任何建议。A. practical实用的；B. measured量过的、慎重的；C. tremendous
巨大的、惊人的；D. theoretical理论上的。根据下文可知，信息很多，但是很少有实践层面上的建议，所以
设计师不知道如何说服业主建造绿色建筑。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然在建筑行业中有很多“绿色”建筑的倡导者，能够列出足够的理由来说
明为什么建筑应该以可持续的方式设计，但这并没有转化为蓬勃发展的绿色建筑行业。A. professional专业
的；B. groundbreaking创新的；C. innovative创新的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据常识可知，绿色建筑指
第 12 页 共 28 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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的是建筑以可持续发展的方式进行设计。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：同样，有很多建筑公司有绿色设计的经验，也不足以使绿色建筑产生。A. tap
into experience利用经验；B. live up to its name名副其实；C. rise to fame成名；D. come into being形成。根
据上文“Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list
enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a(n) ____3____ way, that doesn’t translate into a booming green
construction industry.”可知，虽然很多人都知道绿色建筑很好，但是绿色建筑行业并没有因此蓬勃发展。由
此判断，虽然建筑公司有绿色设计的经验，但是并不意味着绿色建筑会产生。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：建筑物的建造是否对环境造成最小影响，取决于建筑物的业主；也就是说，
资助项目的人。A. refers to提及；B. lies with靠……决定；应由……承担责任；C. races against和……比赛；
D. calls on 号召。根据下文“If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then
more than likely, it will not be ____6____ into the design.”可知，只有业主同意绿色设计，那么才能进行绿色
建造，所以是否进行绿色建造取决于业主。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果业主认为绿色设计不重要，或者是次要的，那么很可能，它不会被考虑到
设计中。A. knocked敲；B. loaded装载；C. factored把……因素包括进去；D. stuffed遭受。根据上文“The
driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact ____5____ the owner of
the building; that is, the person financing the project.”可知，只有业主才能决定是否进行绿色建造，因此如果
业主不同意绿色设计，那么绿色设计也不会被考虑进去。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在设计、成本和风险方面，委任过程在确保业主获得他想要的建筑方面起着关
键作用。A. concluding结束；B. stressing强调；C. ensuring确保；D. acknowledging承认、认可。本句主语“The
commissioning (委任) process”和宾语“the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk.”
之间存在的关系为，委任过程才能确保业主获得他想要的。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：业主跳过委任过程，或者在这样做时没有考虑到“绿色”问题，一旦他们的建
筑建成并运行，往往会遇到麻烦。A. skip跳过；B. transport运输；C. isolate孤立、隔离；D. cover覆盖。根
据下文“fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so”可知，业主如果不考虑绿色设计，就会陷入麻
烦。由此判断，空处指的是业主跳过委任过程。故选A。
【36题详解】
第 13 页 共 28 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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考查短语词义辨析。句意：然而，随着时间的推移，业主意识到运营和维护成本高于必要水平，并且居住
者对结果不满意。A. As a result结果；B. On the contrary相反；C. What’s more此外；D. However然而。前
一句“Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfill their purpose
adequately.”和空后“in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary,
and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results.”之间存在转折关系，表示一开始业主会觉得一切都很好，
但是慢慢的，业主就会对居所不满意。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在某些情况下，业主可能会意识到绿色建筑设计的最新趋势，然而，这并不
一定会导致客户已经知道他想要的绿色结构的想法。A. ignorant无知的；B. aware意识到的；C. critical批评
的、决定性的；D. capable有能力的。根据下文“however, does not necessarily lead to an interpretation that the
client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be.”中的however可知，两句之间存在转折关
系，下一句意为“这并不一定会导致客户已经知道他想要的绿色结构的想法”，所以前一句应该指的是业主
意识到绿色设计。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，业主和公司之间的最初互动是设计师概述和促进绿色设计满足客户目
标的理想时机。A. promote促进；B. perceive注意到、认为；C. attribute把……归功于；D. impose强加。根
据上文可知，设计公司应该是希望业主采用绿色设计，由此判断，这里指的是设计师促进绿色设计。故选
A。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：通过这种方式，他可以将原本不属于绿色设计的项目变成潜在的候选项目。
A. applied to适用于；B. anxious for渴望得到；C. destined for预定的、去往；D. specific about对……明确。
根据空前的“originally”以及空后的“into a potential candidate.”可知，通过这种方式，他可以将本没想采
用绿色设计变成潜在的候选项目。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常，当考虑是否采用绿色方法时，业主会询问额外成本或投资回报。A. gesture
姿势；B. approach接近、方法；C. origin起源；D. patent专利。根据上文“In some cases, an owner may be
____10____ of the latest trends in green building design, which, however, does not necessarily lead to an
interpretation that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be.”以及全文内容可知，
空处指的是绿色的建造方法。故选B。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在绿色设计中，他们从一开始就可以发挥作用，因为绿色设计需要这些
第 14 页 共 28 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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项目之间的合作，这需要额外的成本。A. competition竞争；B. calculation计算、估计；C. cooperation合作；
D. distinction 对比、区分。空处为原词重现，根据下文“for long-term operation, ownership and even
construction.”可知，空处指的是绿色设计中，需要景观设计师、机械和电气工程师共同合作。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一些绿色设计的例子表明，长期运营、所有权甚至建造成本都较低。
A. increased增加的；B. extra额外的；C. fixed固定的；D. lower低的、下级的。根据上文“However, in green
design, they have a role to play from their outset, since green design demands____14____between these disciplines,
which requires additional cost.”可知，各种项目的合作会产生额外的成本；但是根据本句句首的“however”
可知，本句和上句之间存在转折关系。上一句说的是会产生额外的成本，下文有转折关系，所以指的是长
期看，绿色设计成本较低。故选D。
Section B: Reading comprehension
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passages is followed by several questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose
the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
St Kilda is a tiny archipelage (群岛) of the North Atlantic Ocean. The islands are among the most spectacular,
but the greatest fascination is that, for over a thousand years, people lived there and possessed a sense of
community. Cut off from the mainland, the islanders had a distinct way of living their lives, mainly eating the
seabirds that returned to breed on the rocks.
Isolation also had a big effect upon St Kildans’ attitudes and ideas. The people sacrificed themselves year in
and year out, in a constant battle to secure a livelihood. In such harsh conditions, life was only possible because the
whole community worked together.
In the 19th century St Kilda was subject to pressures from the outside world. Education, religion and tourism
all attempted to throw the St Kildans’ way of life into doubt. In the early 20th century, the strength of the
community became weakened as contact with the rest of Britain increased. When disease cut their numbers, and
wind and sea made it difficult to get adequate food, the St Kildans were forced to turn to the mainland for
assistance.
In 1930, the St Kildans finally agreed to abandon their homes. They settled on the Scottish mainland, not
realizing it meant throwing themselves into the 20 century. As adults, they had to accept those values most Scots
believe in. For instance, the islanders found difficult to base their existence upon money. They had never lived in a
world where they bought goods and services from each other.
第 15 页 共 28 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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The islanders showed themselves indifferent to the jobs they were given on the mainland. The labours asked
of them were unskilled compared with the spectacular skills they had once performed in order to kill seabirds.
Moreover, killing birds had once provided the community with food to survive. On the mainland, however, the
tasks they were asked to perform did not provide them immediately with what was needed to keep them fed and
warm.
The history of the St Kildans after the evacuation (撤离), of their inability and lack of resolution to fit into
urban society, makes sad reading. When they were resettled on the mainland, the St Kildans were forced to live in a
society whose values were unacceptable and incomprehensible to the majority of them. For many, the move was a
tragedy.
43. According to Paragraph 3, the following factors lead to St Kildans seeking help from outside EXCEPT
________.
A. unbearable wind B. insufficient food supply
C. contact with Britain D. worsening health
44. After the St Kildans inhabited Scotland, they ________.
A. soon learned how to buy goods and services from others
B. had trouble adapting to the value of dominant society
C. exhibited willingness to carry out their given jobs
D. had the opportunity to show their skills of killing seabirds
45. Which of the following is NOT about how people used to live on St Kilda?
A. The major source of food was found locally.
B. It was essential for people to help each other.
C. Very few people had visited mainland Scotland.
D. Money played an insignificant role in life.
46. What is the passage mainly concerned with?
A. The role of money in modern communities.
B. How a community adapted to a different form of life.
C. The destruction of an old-fashioned community.
D. How a small community fight against opposite conditions.
【答案】43. A 44. B 45. C 46. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了圣基尔丹人，原本他们互帮互助，自给自足，金钱在生活中起着
第 16 页 共 28 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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微不足道的作用，之后食物供应不足以及身体条件恶化，导致他们向外界求助，移民之后，他们无法适应
新环境下的货币流通的商品经济社会。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the early 20th century, the strength of the community became weakened as
contact with the rest of Britain increased. When disease cut their numbers, and wind and sea made it difficult to get
adequate food, the St Kildans were forced to turn to the mainland for assistance. (在20世纪初，随着与英国其他
地区的联系增加，社区的力量被削弱。当疾病减少他们的人数，风和海洋使他们难以获得足够的食物时，
圣基尔丹人被迫转向大陆寻求援助)”可知，食物供应不足以及身体条件恶化，导致他们向外界求助，并不
是因为受到大风影响．故选A项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“For instance, the islanders found difficult to base their existence upon money. They
had never lived in a world where they bought goods and services from each other. (例如，岛民发现很难将他们的
生存建立在金钱之上。他们从未生活在一个互相购买商品和服务的世界里)”可知，移民之后，他们无法适
应新环境下的货币流通的商品经济社会，故选B项。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Cut off from the mainland, the islanders had a distinct way of living their
lives, mainly eating the seabirds that returned to breed on the rocks. (与大陆隔绝的岛民有一种独特的生活方
式，主要吃返回岩石上繁殖的海鸟)”及第二段中“The people sacrificed themselves year in and year out, in a
constant battle to secure a livelihood. (人们年复一年地牺牲自己，为生计而不断战斗)”以及第四段中“They
had never lived in a world where they bought goods and services from each other. (他们从未生活在一个互相购买
商品和服务的世界里)”可知，人们过去在圣基尔达生活时他们互帮互助，自给自足，金钱在生活中起着微
不足道的作用，且文章中没有提到岛上人是否去过苏格兰大陆，故选C项。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“The history of the St Kildans after the evacuation (撤离), of their inability and
lack of resolution to fit into urban society, makes sad reading. When they were resettled on the mainland, the St
Kildans were forced to live in a society whose values were unacceptable and incomprehensible to the majority of
them. For many, the move was a tragedy. (圣基尔丹人在撤离后的历史，他们无力和缺乏适应城市社会的决
心，读起来令人悲伤。当他们被重新安置在大陆时，圣基尔丹人被迫生活在一个大多数人无法接受和理解
价值观的社会中。对许多人来说，此举是一场悲剧)”可知，本文讲述的是一个古老部落的消亡，他们无法
适应新环境下的货币流通的商品经济社会，最后慢慢消亡了，故选C项。
(B)
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Depression hurts, Prozac can help
Depression isn’t just feeling down. It’s a real illness with real causes. Depression can be triggered by
stressful life events, like divorce or a death in the family. Or it can appear suddenly, for no apparent reason.
Some people think you can just will yourself out of a depression. That’s not true. Many doctors believe that
one thing that may cause depression is an imbalance of serotonin — a chemical in your body. If this happens,
you may have trouble sleeping. Feel unusually sad or irritable easily. Find it hard to concentrate. Lose your
appetite. Lack energy. Or have trouble feeling pleasure. These are some of the symptoms that can point to
depression—especially if they last for more than a couple of weeks and if normal, everyday life feels like too
much to handle.
To help fight depression, the medicine doctors now prescribe (开处方) most often is Prozac. Prozac isn’t a
“happy pill.” It’s not a tranquilizer (镇静剂) . It won’t turn you into a different person.
Some people do experience mild side effects, like upset stomach, headaches, difficulty sleeping, sleepiness,
anxiety and nervousness. These tend to go away. within a few weeks of starting treatment, and usually aren’t
serious enough to make most people stop taking it. However, if you are concerned about a side effect, or if you
develop a rash (皮疹) , tell your doctor right away. And don’t forget to tell your doctor any other medicines you
are taking. Some people should not take Prozac, especially people on MAO inhibitors (单胺抑制剂) .
As you start feeling better, your doctor can suggest therapy or other means to help you ● through your
depression. Prozac has been carefully studied for nearly 10 years. But remember, Prozac is a prescription
medicine, and it isn’t right for everyone. Only your doctor can decide if Prozac is right for you— or for someone
you love. Prozac has been prescribed for more than 17 million Americans. Chances are someone you know is
feeling sunny again because of it.
47. All the following are true EXCEPT ________.
A. Tremendous determination is essential to getting rid of depression.
B. Sleep disorder is one of the signs characteristic of depression.
C. Depression can be caused by a combination of factors.
D. Depression is a psychological state taking the form of low mood.
48. What can we learn about Prozac from this piece of information?
A. Prozac infuses depression patients with energy at the cost of modest side effects.
B. Taking Prozac together with other prescriptions may give you a rash.
第 18 页 共 28 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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C. A medical prescription must be acquired if you intend to take Prozac.
D. Over 17 million Americans have been involved in studies of Prozac so far.
49. This piece of information is most probably ________.
A. an introduction to a scientific project
B. a part of prescription drug instructions
C. a part of a research report in a medical journal
D. an advertisement of a medicine for depression
【答案】47. A 48. C 49. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一种治疗缓解抑郁症的药物Prozac，并对其情况和功能进行说明。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Some people think you can just will yourself out of a depression. That’s not true.
Many doctors believe that one thing that may cause depression is an imbalance of serotonin — a chemical in your
body.(有些人认为你可以让自己摆脱抑郁。那不是真的。许多医生认为，可能导致抑郁症的一件事是血清
素（体内的一种化学物质）的不平衡。)”可知，很多医生认为，体内一种化学物质的不均衡导致抑郁，有
人认为自己就可以走出抑郁是不正确的，所以一个人巨大决心对于摆脱抑郁症至关重要是不正确的。故选
A项。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To help fight depression, the medicine doctors now prescribe (开处方) most
often is Prozac.(为了帮助对抗抑郁症，医生现在开的药最常见的是百忧解。)”可知，为了对抗抑郁，医生
最常开的处方是百忧解，所以百忧解属于处方药。故选C项。
【49题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章标题“Depression hurts, Prozac can help(抑郁症很痛，百忧解可以提供帮助)”以及全
文讲述的关于抗抑郁的药物百忧解的相关信息可知，本文最有可能是抗抑郁药物的广告。故选D项。
(C)
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper
Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the
journalism credibility project.
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and
grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really
want.
第 19 页 共 28 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard
patterns into which they plug each day’s events. in other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom
culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why
the “standard patterns” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to
reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these
communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale
neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer
work, or put down roots in a community.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite (精英) , so their work tends to reflect the
conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor
reportorial skills but in the daily conflict of world views between reporters and their readers.
This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that
keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of conferences and a
credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never
seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it
did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who
differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
50. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The objectives and findings of a journalism credibility project.
B. The personnel structure of the declining newspaper industry.
C The causes of the public disappointment in newspapers.
.
D. The indefinite needs of newspaper readers in America.
51. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ________.
A. somewhat conflicting B. rather trustworthy
C. quite superficial D. very enlightening
52. According to the author, the fundamental problem of journalists lies in their ________.
A. conventional lifestyle in upscale communities
B. inflexible approach to handling news stories
第 20 页 共 28 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
C. contradictory ways of making sense of the world
D. shared values disconnected from general readers
53. Which one of the following statements is TRUE about the newspaper industry?
A. It fails to satisfy its readers due to annoying reporters.
B. It hasn’t realized the real problem despite its efforts.
C. It’s urgent that it focus on accurate and skillful reporting.
D. It should be aware of underlying prejudice in race and gender.
【答案】50. C 51. C 52. D 53. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要揭露了一个现象，也就是很多美国人都不相信自己在报纸上读到的
内容，并分析了这一现象背后的原因。
【50题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The
American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a
long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.(为什么这么多美国人不相信他们在报纸上读到的
东西？美国报纸编辑协会正试图回答这个令人痛苦的问题。该组织正在深入进行一项长期的自我分析，即
新闻可信度项目。)”可知，文章主要分析了公众对报纸失望的原因。故选C。
【51题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual
errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world
those readers really want.(遗憾的是，这个项目的结果大多是关于事实错误、拼写和语法错误的低级发现，以
及许多令人挠头的困惑，即读者到底想要什么。)”可知，新闻可信度项目调查的结果是很肤浅的。故选C。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their
readers, which helps explain why the “standard patterns” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. (记者和读者
之间存在着社会和文化上的脱节，这有助于解释为什么新闻编辑室的“标准模式”对许多读者来说似乎是
陌生的。)”以及第六段“Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite (精英) , so their
work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in
inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily conflict of world views between reporters and their readers.(记
者往往是广义上的社会和文化精英的一部分，因此他们的工作往往反映了这一精英的传统价值观。对新闻
媒体惊人的不信任并非源于不准确或糟糕的报道技巧，而是源于记者和读者之间世界观的日常冲突。)”可
第 21 页 共 28 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
知，记者的根本问题在于他们的共同价值观与普通读者脱节。故填D。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly
annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of conferences and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why
customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and
class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now
focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and
class.(这是一个麻烦不断的行业，雇佣的员工态度极大地惹恼了客户。然后，它赞助了许多会议和一个可信
度项目，致力于弄清楚为什么客户感到恼火和大量逃离。但它似乎从未注意到许多前买家抱怨的文化和阶
级偏见。如果它这样做了，它将开放其多元化计划，现在只关注种族和性别，并寻找在观点、价值观、教
育和阶层方面存在广泛差异的记者。)”可知，目前报业存在的问题是尽管它努力了，但它还没有意识到真
正的问题。故选B。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the
box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you
need.
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence
can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The Minoans: A Forgotten People
The first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of
these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19 h century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This
inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans
found an ancient palace Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, acentral figure in many Greek myths.
___54___With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records.
These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.
From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at
Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and
flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed
naval fleet for long-distance trade. ____55____These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.
Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society.___56___Ruins and
artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons(图
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符)show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.
An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to
Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull
jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although
some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant decor(装饰
品).___57___
The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek
mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.
A. Some experts think that the wealth gained from trade allowed for such leisure in sports and the arts
B. Experts believe that a king and mostly a female priest ruled the government and controlled trade.
C. In ancient Greek myths, Minoan society was quite prosperous and highly civilized
D. The palace that Evans unearthed a century ago was the first proof of Minoan culture.
E. Minoan culture didn't exist before Arthur Evans discovered the palace under the earth
F. Although not yet decoded, written script on clay tablets appears to list trade accounts.
【答案】54. D 55. F 56. B 57. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。米诺斯文化一直存在于希腊神话中，但科学家在克里特岛的挖掘中发现了米诺
斯王国的宫殿。通过对遗址和文物的分析研究，科学家们认为米诺斯人走在那个时代的前端，他们有高楼，
抽水马桶甚至远洋贸易舰队。他们享有高度的社会和性别平等，崇拜大自然和女性神，他们享受休闲的生
活和艺术追求。科学家们推测米诺斯文化消亡的原因主要是自然灾害。
【54题详解】
D.The palace that Evans unearthed a century ago was the first proof of Minoan culture.（一个世纪前埃文斯发掘
的宫殿是米诺斯文化的第一个证据）与下文 With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art,
and many hieroglyphic records.（和团队一起，他发掘了一个巨大建筑，各种艺术作品和大量象形文字记录）
承接自然，下文所说的巨大建筑，艺术品和象形文字记录就是选项中“proof”的具体内容，且unearth与uncover
是同义词。故选D项。
【55题详解】
F. Although not yet decoded, written script on clay tablets appears to list trade accounts.（虽然还没有破译，但写
在泥板上的文字似乎列出了贸易账户）与下文These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.（这
些记录证实了商业在文化中的中心作用）承接自然，选项中的written script就是下文的these records，且trade
和commerce属于同义词。故选F项。
第 23 页 共 28 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【56题详解】
B. Experts believe that a king and mostly a female priest ruled the government and controlled trade.（专家们认为
一位国王和一位女祭祀统治并控制着政府和贸易）与下文Religious icons(图符)show that Minoans worshiped
bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.（宗教图符显示米诺斯崇拜公牛，自然世界和很多女性神）逻
辑紧密，“崇拜女性神”是专家推测“女性祭祀和国王一起统治政府控制贸易”的原因。故选B项。
【57题详解】
上文 Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as
pleasant decor(尽管一些艺术品显示政治和宗教主题，但是其它作品只是作为让人愉悦的装饰品)与A. Some
experts think that the wealth gained from trade allowed for such leisure in sports and the arts（一些专家认为从贸
易中赚取的财富允许在运动和其它艺术领域的休闲）承接自然，选项的such leisure in sports and the arts就是
上句提到的pleasant decor 中的一种。故选A项。
IV: Grammar
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically
correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A rare hole has opened up in the ozone layer above the Arctic, in ____58____ scientists say is the result of
unusually low temperatures in the atmosphere above the north pole.
The hole has reached record dimensions, but is not expected to pose any danger to humans ____59____ it
moves further south. ____60____ it extends further south to overpopulated areas, such as southern Greenland,
people will be at increased risk of sunburn. However, on current trends the hole is expected to disappear altogether
in a few weeks.
Low temperatures in the northern polar regions led to an unusual stable polar vortex (极地漩涡), and the
presence of ozone-destroying chemicals such as chlorine (氯) in the atmosphere - from human activities-caused the
hole ____61____ (form) .
It is now too early to say ____62____ the unusually stable Arctic polar vortex conditions are linked with the
climate crisis, or part of normal stratospheric weather variability. Peuch said there were no direct implications for
the climate crisis. Temperatures in the region are already increasing, ____63____ (slow) the destruction of ozone.
____64____ a hole over the Arctic is a rare event, the much larger hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic
has been a major cause for concern for more than four decades. The production of ozone-destroying chemicals
____65____ (reduce) dramatically, under the 1987 Montreal Protocol (蒙特利尔协议) , but some sources appear
still to be functioning.
第 24 页 共 28 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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New sources of ozone-destroying chemicals were not a factor in the hole ____66____ (observe) in the Arctic,
said Peuch. “However, this is a reminder that one should not take the Montreal Protocol measures for granted, and
that observations from the ground and from satellites are central to avoiding a situation _____67_____ the ozone-
destroying chemical level in the stratosphere could increase again.”
【答案】58. what
59. unless 60. If
61. to form
62. whether
63. slowing
64. While 65. has been reduced
66. observed
67. where
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了北极上空的臭氧层出现了一个罕见的空洞，科学家称这是
北极上空大气异常低温的结果，同时也对该空洞作出了预测。
【58题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：北极上空的臭氧层出现了一个罕见的空洞，科学家称这是北极上空大气异常低温的
结果。宾语从句缺少主语，表示物，用连接代词what引导。故填what。
【59题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：这个洞已经达到了创纪录的规模，但除非它进一步向南移动，否则预计不会对人类
构成任何危险。根据下文“____3____ it extends further south to overpopulated areas, such as southern
Greenland, people will be at increased risk of sunburn.”可知，只要空洞不往南移动，就不会对人类构成危险。
所以，空处应解释为“除非”符合句意，用unless。故填unless。
【60题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：如果它进一步向南延伸到人口稠密的地区，如格陵兰岛南部，人们被晒伤的风险将
会增加。根据主句“people will be at increased risk of sunburn”可判断，从句为条件状语，意为“如果”，用
if。出现在句首，首字母大写。故填If。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：北极地区的低温导致了一个不寻常的稳定的极地涡旋，而大气中存在的破坏臭氧
的化学物质，如氯——来自人类活动——导致了臭氧洞的形成。考查非谓语动词担当cause的宾语补足语，
用动词不定式形式，cause sb to do sth为“导致……”。故填to form。
第 25 页 共 28 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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【62题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：现在说异常稳定的北极涡旋状况是否与气候危机有关，或者是正常平流层天气变化
的一部分，还为时过早。这里为宾语从句的连接词，根据句意可知，空处意为“是否”，再根据下文的“or”，
可知空处用whether。故填whether。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该地区的气温已经在上升，减缓了臭氧的破坏。这里为非谓语动词担当结果状语，
表示主句一句话所带来的自然而然的结果，用ving形式。故填slowing。
【64题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：虽然北极上空出现空洞是一件罕见的事情，但南极上空臭氧空洞的规模要大得多，
这是40多年来人们关注的一个主要问题。这里为让步状语从句的连接词，意为“虽然”，放在句首，常用
“while”，且首字母大写。故填While。
【65题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：根据1987年的《蒙特利尔议定书》，破坏臭氧层的化学物质的生产已经大大减少，
但一些来源似乎仍在发挥作用。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文内容可知，本句为现在完成时；主语为“the
production of ozone-destroying chemicals”，单数，和reduce之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填has been
reduced。
【66题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Peuch说，破坏臭氧层的化学物质的新来源并不是在北极观测到空洞的一个因素。
这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，和被修饰词hole之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填observed。
【67题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：然而，这提醒我们，不应该把《蒙特利尔议定书》的措施视为理所当然，地面和卫
星的观测对于避免平流层中破坏臭氧层的化学物质水平再次上升至关重要。这里为定语从句的关系词，先
行词为a situation，在定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
V. Translation
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
68. 我从未想到，这支管弦乐队会将其人气归功于互联网的兴起。 (occur) （汉译英）
【答案】It never occurred to me that this orchestra would owe its popularity to the rise of the Internet.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和主语从句。“某人突然想到……”用短语It occurrs/occurred to sb. that...，it作
形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。“这支管弦乐队”翻译为 this orchestra；“会将”翻译为would；
“把……归功于……”用短语owe...to...；“其人气”翻译为its popularity；“互联网的兴起”翻译为the
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rise of the Internet。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为It never occurred to me that this
orchestra would owe its popularity to the rise of the Internet.
69. 这首代代相传的歌曲起到了呼吁人们共迎挑战的作用。 (serve) （汉译英）
【答案】The song, passed down from generation to generation, serves as a call for people to meet challenges
together.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和非谓语动词。“这首歌”翻译为The song，在句中作主语。“代代”用短语
from generation to generation；“相传”用短语pass down，与主语The song之间为被动关系，所以用过去
分词作后置定语。“起到……的作用”用短语 serve as，在句中作谓语动词；“呼吁人们共迎挑战”翻译
为 a call for people to meet challenges together。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语The song为单数，谓语
动词用第三人称单数形式。根据句意，故翻译为The song, passed down from generation to generation, serves
as a call for people to meet challenges together.
70. 受访时，他谈及那座纪念百年前发生的惨剧的纪念碑，称其提醒了人们战争之残酷。(refer) （汉译
英）
【答案】When interviewed, he referred to the monument that was in memory of the tragedy happening a century
ago, stating that it reminds people of the cruelty of war.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、时态、动词短语。分析句子结构，这是一个包含状语从句、定语从句的复合句。
因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，所以将状语从句的主语和助动词省略，所以“受访时”的完整的翻译
为：When he was interviewed,省略后的格式为When interviewed；表示“谈及”含义的动词短语为refer to；
表示“纪念碑”含义的词为monument；“那座纪念百年前惨剧的”为定语从句，修饰先行词monument，
因先行词在定语从句中做主语指物，使用that引导定语从句，表示“纪念”含义的表达为be in memory
of，表示“惨剧”含义的词为tragedy，表示“百年前发生的”含义的表达为happen a century ago，因
happen在句子中作定语且与逻辑主语tragedy之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词；表示“声称”含
义的词为state，因在句子中做状语，且与其逻辑主语he之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词；表示
“提醒”含义的词为remind；表示“战争之残酷”含义的表达为the cruelty of war，因句子表达的是发生
在过去的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故翻译为：When interviewed, he referred to the monument that
was in memory of the tragedy happening a century ago, stating that it reminds people of the cruelty of war.
71. 直到那时我才意识到，设立自然保护区可能是保护濒危物种不致灭绝的最佳途径之一。(Not) （汉译
英）
【答案】Not until then did I realize that setting up nature reserves might be one of the best ways to protect
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endangered species from extinction.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态、宾语从句、非谓语动词和倒装。“直到……才……”用短语Not until，位于句
首，主句用部分倒装结构。“意识到”翻译为realize，为句子谓语动词，后接宾语从句。“设立”用短语
set up；“自然保护区”用短语 nature reserves；“可能是”翻译为 might be；“……的最佳途径之一”翻
译为one of the best ways，后接不定式作定语。“保护濒危物种不致灭绝”翻译为protect endangered
species from extinction。从句缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。主句陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句
意，故翻译为Not until then did I realize that setting up nature reserves might be one of the best ways to protect
endangered species from extinction.
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