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2018年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷 (满分:120分 考试时间:100分钟) 第Ⅰ卷 一、听力理解(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)(略) 二、单项填空(本大题共15小题,每小题1分,共15分) 从下列每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 21.There is old piano in corner of the living room. A.an;theB.an;不填 C.a;the D.a;a 22.—She is too busy to help us finish the work. —Let􀆳s do it . A.herself B.myself C.itself D.ourselves 23.I am afraid we cannot to take a taxi. Let􀆳s go by underground instead. A.refuseB.affordC.forgetD.fall 24.Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden . A.competition B.interview C.treasure D.tradition 25.Tianjin is one of cities in China. A.big B.bigger C.the biggest D.the bigger 26.Mum asked me to for dinner. A.lay the table B.go to sleep C.keep a diary D.take a vacation 27.In the picture, he sits me, looking very happy. A.beside B.among C.up D.through 28.—Can you open a gift after you receive it in England? —Yes. We don􀆳t have to wait. A.mainly B.immediately C.nearlyD.loudly 29.—Must I come before 6:30 tomorrow? —No, you . There will be plenty of time. A.mustn􀆳t B.can􀆳tC.couldn􀆳t D.needn􀆳t 30.Tony was drawing a picture I was doing my homework. A.if B.because C.while D.until 31.—Jerry, have you ever been to the Great Wall? —Yes. I there with my parents last year. A.go B.went C.will go D.have gone 32.Harry invited me with him when his parents were out of town. A.stay B.stayed C.staying D.to stay 33.Dr Bethune still in both China and Canada today. A.is;remembered B.is;remembering C.will;rememberD.has;remembered 34.—Please tell me . —At ten o􀆳clock. A.where you have your English lesson B.where do you have your English lesson C.what time you have your English lesson D.what time do you have your English lesson 35.—Tom fell off his bike and hurt his knee. — . A.Pretty good B.That􀆳s too badC.That􀆳s funny D.That􀆳s a good idea 三、完形填空(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分) 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 My name is Damian Costa. I was born in a small village in Italy in 1952. I spent the first few years of my life there before my family 36 to Perth, Australia. We arrived in Australia in the summer of 1957. I went to 37 , and I had to attend special classes to learn English as all the lessons were taught in English. We did not have much 38 , so we lived very simply. My parents worked as cleaners. They earned(挣钱)just enough for us to survive(维持生活)and 39 a little money. My father had always wanted to 40 a small restaurant. Finally, 41 ten years of hard work, in June 1967, he managed to save enough and opened our first pizzeria(比萨饼店). 42 business was slow at first, it soon got better. I helped out at the pizzeria after school and at weekends. Just two years after we 43 , my father decided that we needed a full-time waiter. Then, he decided to 44 me the art of making wood-fired pizzas. Today, we have three branches(分店), in Perth, Sydney and Adelaide. My children have 45 learned how to make pizzas and they quite enjoy it. I hope to pass on the business to them. 36.A.returned B.moved C.pointed D.connected 37.A.school B.hospital C.church D.business 38.A.paper B.illness C.healthD.money 39.A.save B.borrow C.share D.choose 40.A.sell B.see C.open D.leave 41.A.before B.after C.during D.between 42.A.Because B.If C.Although D.Whether 43.A.played B.relaxed C.started D.stopped 44.A.like B.teach C.believe D.lend 45.A.perhaps B.never C.hardly D.also 四、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分) 阅读下面的材料,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Dear Susan, How are you?I􀆳m going to visit Hong Kong with Mum and Dad next month. We􀆳ll arrive on the second of August. It􀆳s so exciting! We can meet each other soon! I will spend a day in Ocean Park on the third of August. I know that you􀆳ve visited Ocean Park many times before. Can you give me some advice on what to see in Ocean Park? I would also like to visit you at your home on the fourth of August. Are you free on that day? I􀆳ve bought a present for you. I think you􀆳ll love it. By the way, would you like to go to Disneyland with me? I really want to take some photos with you in Disneyland. You know, I love the famous cartoon characters of Disney such as Snow White and Mickey Mouse very much. I know you love them too. When can you go to Disneyland with me? Please let me know. I􀆳ll stay until the ninth of August and go back to England on that day. See you soon. Love, Lily 46.When will Lily arrive in Hong Kong? A.On the second of August. B.On the third of August. C.On the fourth of August. D.On the ninth of August. 47.How long will Lily spend in Ocean Park? A.Half a day. B.One day. C.One and a half days. D.Two days. 48.What will Lily do on the fourth of August? A.Buy a present. B.Visit Ocean Park. C.Go back to England. D.Visit Susan at her home. 49.What will Lily do in Disneyland? A.Take photos. B.Watch a cartoon. C.See a film of Mickey Mouse. D.Read the story of Snow White. 50.Lily wants to know . A.if Susan has received her present B.when she will go back to England C.if Susan can meet her at the airportD.when Susan can go to Disneyland with her B I did something wrong today. While at the beach this afternoon, I met a boy called Bob. We talked a lot. He said that it was fun playing on the cliffs(悬崖). I told him that I was not allowed to go near that place(Mum and Dad had always told me it was dangerous to play there). He called me a coward. I wanted to prove to him that I was just as brave, so I agreed to go with him. We wanted to make our way down to explore(探索)the area, so Bob started to climb down and I followed him. Unluckily, some rocks came down after us. One of them nearly hit my head. We could not get back up. We shouted and shouted for help, but for a long time, no help came. I was really scared. I wanted to cry. Then, we heard some sounds. Someone had heard us. A woman tied(系) a rope around herself while a man at the cliff top held the rope. She made her way down to save us. My parents were relieved(宽慰的)that I was unhurt, but they were angry that I had done such a risky thing. I apologized and promised that I would not do anything like that again. 51.Where did the writer meet Bob? A.At school. B.In the park. C.At the beach. D.On the cliffs. 52.In Paragraph 2, “a coward”means . A.a person who is not brave B.a person who is not clever C.a person who is not strong D.a person who is not polite 53.What had the writer􀆳s parents always warned him about? A.The wind was very strong. B.The beach was too far away. C.The cliffs were not a safe place. D.Bob was difficult to get on with. 54.Put the sentences in the right order according to the passage. a.Some rocks came down. b.The writer followed Bob. c.The writer wanted to cry. d.A man and a woman saved them. e.The writer and Bob heard some sounds. A.a-b-c-d-e B.b-a-c-e-d C.a-c-b-e-d D.b-e-a-c-d 55.How did the writer feel about what he had done? A.Surprised. B.Excited. C.Glad. D.Sorry. C In the 13th century, Marco Polo, the world known Italian traveller, saw many wonderful things in China. One of the things he discovered was money made of paper. People in the West did not have such kind of money until the 15th century. However, the Chinese began to use it in the 7th century. Paper was invented by a Chinese man called Cai Lun almost 2,000 years ago. But it was not made in Europe until the year 1100. Four hundred years later, a German discovered that he could make the best paper from trees. After that countries rich in forests, such as Canada, Sweden, America, Finland became the most important ones in paper making. Paper can be used in many ways. The common uses include newspapers, magazines and books. But do you know that paper can be used for keeping warm? In Finland, the farmers wear paper boots to keep their feet warm in the snow. And even houses can be insulated(使绝缘)from heat or cold with paper. However, we have to understand that paper still comes from trees now. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth some day in the near future. Every day people throw away about 2,800 tons of paper in our city. It takes 17 trees to make one ton of paper. This means that we are cutting down nearly 48,000 trees every day. The fact is that it takes more than 10 years for a tree to grow. So we must start saving paper right now. We can use both sides of every piece of paper. We can make useful things out of used paper. We can use china cups instead of paper ones. When shopping, we can use fewer paper bags and reuse them if we have some. In short, we should keep a balance(平衡) between using paper and protecting trees, and do it now before it is too late. 56.When did the Chinese begin to use paper money? A.In the 5th century. B.In the 6th century. C.In the 7th century. D.In the 15th century. 57.Why did Canada become an important country in paper making? A.Because it was a large country. B.Because it had lots of forests. C.Because it was a very rich country. D.Because the inventor was from Canada. 58.In Finland, paper is used for . A.making beds B.reducing wasteC.making umbrellas D.keeping warm 59.According to the passage, how many trees are needed to make one ton of paper? A.10. B.17. C.2,800.D.48,000. 60.Paragraph 5 mainly talks about . A.how paper boots are made B.how paper was invented C.how we can save paper D.how we can make useful things 五、补全对话(本大题共5小题,每小题1分,共5分) 根据对话内容,从方框内选择恰当的句子将对话补充完整。(选项中有两项是多余的) A.Do you know why she treats you like that? B.What􀆳s her name? C.Have you mentioned this to her? D.What􀆳s happened? E.She􀆳s very tall. F.Or she probably feels lonely without you. G.But she􀆳s so different. A:Lingling, you look unhappy. What􀆳s up? B:Dad, I have a problem with my best friend. A: 61 B:We􀆳ve been friends for five years. We went to different schools last term. And she came to study at my school this term. I was very happy at first. 62 A:Can you tell me how she􀆳s different? B:She doesn􀆳t like me to see my other friends. A: 63 B:Yes, I have. But she refused to listen. A: 64 B:No. I don􀆳t know. A:Maybe she doesn􀆳t feel sure of herself. 65 B:Maybe. What shall I do then? A:You can introduce her to your other friends and encourage her to join in more. B:I see. Thanks, Dad. 第Ⅱ卷 六、完成句子(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分) 根据所给中文意思完成句子,每空限填一词。 66.下一站我得下车了。 I have to the bus at the next stop. 67.给他盖件外套,确保他身上暖和。 Cover him with a coat and he is warm. 68.我们这次旅行在倒计时,快要结束了。 We are the days to the end of this tour. 69.最后他成功地解决了这个问题。 He successfully solved the problem . 70.在那个年代,书籍是靠手工制作的。 In those days, books were produced . 七、任务型阅读(本大题共5小题,每小题1分,共5分) 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容完成句子。 Albert Einstein(1879—1955) Early Life Albert Einstein was born on 14th March, 1879 in Germany. He was an extraordinary(非凡的)person since he was born. Einstein wasn􀆳t able to speak a word until three. He was curious(好奇的)and imaginative.He loved watching things carefully and asked a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers. Schooling Einstein started school in 1885. Though he did well in maths and science, he failed in many subjects like history, geography and languages. He was not the teachers􀆳 favourite. He didn􀆳t enjoy going to school. Einstein finished high school in Switzerland and entered a university in Zurich. He graduated(大学毕业)as a teacher of maths and physics in 1900. Scientific WorkAfter graduation, Einstein worked at the Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became successful in the field of science, he still put great effort in scientific research. Finally, he won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921. Later Life Einstein kept at his research until he died in 1955. Scientists studied his brain(脑)after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However, there was no conclusion(结论). Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world. 71.Einstein loved watching things carefully and about them. 72.Though Einstein , he failed in many subjects. 73.Finally, Einstein won the Nobel Prize in 1921. 74.Scientists studied Einstein􀆳s brain after he died so that . 75.Many famous scientists still think Einstein is . 八、综合填空(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分) 根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries, people have developed different w 76 of telling the time. About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians i 77 the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow(影子)showed the movement of the s 78 . They were able to determine(测定)midday. About 3,500 years ago, the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure(测量) the time for half a day. On c 79 days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the f 80 clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows(流动)from one container(容器)to another. When the water reaches a certain l 81 , it moves a lever(控制杆)and this shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they f 82 to keep accurate(精确的)time. In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, b 83 was expensive to make. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs(发条) were added around 1500. This i 84 accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites(人造卫星)send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never c 85 . Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments. 九、书面表达(本大题共15分) 86.请你根据以下内容提示,以“The Story of Li Hua”为题,为学校广播站英语专栏写一篇短文,介绍发生在你班同学李华身上的一件事。 (1)上周五放学后李华乘公交车回家,看到有人在吃橘子,并把橘皮扔在车上。 (2)李华把橘皮捡起,放进垃圾桶。 (3)乘客用手机拍了照片,发布到网上。 (4)老师知道后表扬了李华,李华说这是他应该做的。 (5)你觉得…… 参考词汇:果皮peel 垃圾桶dustbin 发布post 表扬praise 要求: (1)词数:80~100个。 (2)短文的题目和开头已给出,不计入总词数。 (3)要点齐全,行文连贯,可适当发挥。 The Story of Li Hua Last Friday, when my classmate Li Hua took a bus back home from school, 2018年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷 答案速查 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 A D B C C A A B D C 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 B D A C B B A D A C 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 B C C B D A B D A D 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 C A C B D C B D B C61 62 63 64 65 D G C A F 第Ⅰ卷 二、单项填空 21.A 句意:在客厅的角落里有一架旧钢琴。此题考查冠词用法。不定冠词包括a和an,注意a用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前,an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前,均表示泛指。第一个空表示泛指且old是元音音素开头,故用an;定冠词the表 示特指,题干中的of the living room修饰corner,所以第二个空表示特指,故选A。 22.D 句意:——她太忙了以至于无法帮助我们完成这项工作。——让我们自己完成它吧。此题考查反身代词。herself她自己,myself我自己,itself它自己,ourselves我们自己。根据上下句语境理解,特别是上句中的us以及下一句的Let􀆳s,可知选D。 23.B 句意:恐怕我们支付不起坐出租车。让我们坐地铁代替吧。此题考查动词辨析。refuse拒绝,afford支付得起,forget忘记,fall开始变成。根据上下句语境理解可以选出B。 24.C 句意:她的笑容使我感到温暖和活力。它就像是一个隐藏的宝藏。此题考查名词词义辨析。competition竞赛;interview面试,采访;treasure宝藏,珍宝;tradition传统。根据句意和名词含义,选择C。 25.C 句意:天津是中国最大的城市之一。本题考查形容词最高级。“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”是典型的形容词最高级用法,表示“最……之一”。考生也可根据题干给出的范围in China判断出是多个城市的比较,故选C。 26.A 句意:妈妈让我摆放餐具准备吃晚餐。此题考查动词短语。lay the table摆放餐具,go to sleep去睡觉,keep a diary记日记,take a vacation去度假。根据题干中的for dinner可以判断出选A。也可以利用排除法进行选择。 27.A 句意:在照片里,他坐在我旁边,看起来非常开心。此题考查介词。beside在……旁边,among在……之中(三者及以上),up向上,through从内部穿过。根据句意判断出方位介词应选beside,选择A。 28.B 句意:——在英国,你收到礼物后可以立即打开它吗?——可以,我们没有必要等。此题考查副词。mainly主要地,immediately立即、马上,nearly几乎,loudly大声地。根据题干语境,尤其是答语中的“We don􀆳t have to wait.”可知不需要等待就代表 着可以立即打开礼物,再辨析副词词义,从而选择B。 29.D 句意:——我明天必须在6:30之前来吗?——不,你不需要。将会有大量的时间。此题考查情态动词。情态动词用must提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn􀆳t或don􀆳t/doesn􀆳t have to。所以此题选D。 30.C 句意:当我正在做作业的时候,托尼正在画画。此题考查连词。此题根据题干句意和时态判断出两个动作是同时进行的,故选引导时间状语从句的连词while,表示“当……时”,强调一个动作正在发生的时候另一个动作也正在进行。 31.B 句意:——Jerry,你曾经去过长城吗?——去过,去年我和我父母去的那儿。此题考查时态。根据答句中的时间状语last year判断出此句是一般过去时,故选B。 32.D 句意:Harry邀请我当他父母出城的时候和他一起住。此题考查动词invite的用法,invite sb. to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“邀请某人做某事”。 33.A 句意:今天,白求恩医生仍然在中国和加拿大被缅怀。此题考查被动语态。根据主语和谓语动词的被动关系可判断出是被动语态,再根据题干中的时间状语today可知此题用一般现在时的被动语态,故选A。 34.C 句意:——请告诉我你几点有英语课。——在十点。此题考查宾语从句。根据答语可知问的是时间,故将A、B排除。再根据宾语从句要用陈述句语序,将D排除。故选C。 35.B 句意:——Tom从自行车上摔了下来并摔伤了膝盖。——那太糟糕了。此题考查情景交际。A选项意为“太好了”,B选项意为“那太糟糕了”,C选项意为“那真有趣”,D选项意为“那是个好主意”。根据语境可知选B。 三、完形填空 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了生活拮据的一家人为了摆脱贫困努力经营比萨饼店,获得成功,并继续传承给下一代的故事。 36.B 考查动词。return返回,move搬家,point指向,connect连接。根据第二段第一句话判断,我们一家是搬往澳大利亚,故选B。 37.A 考查名词。根据下文中attend special classes可知是在学校上课,故选school。 38.D 考查名词。根据第三段语境可知“我们没有很多钱”,此题是词汇复现,根据a little money也可以判断出选D。paper纸张,illness疾病,health健康。 39.A 考查动词。本句含义是“他们挣的钱仅仅够我们维持生活,只攒了一点钱”。save攒钱,borrow借,share分享,choose选择。根据语境选择save。 40.C 考查动词。词汇复现题。根据第三段最后一句中的“opened our first pizzeria”可以得知我的父亲总想开一个小餐厅。故选C。 41.B 考查介词。根据上下文的时间判断,从1957年到1967年是十年后,故用时间介词after,表示在……之后。before在……之前,during在……期间,between在两者之间。 42.C 考查连词。根据第四段第一句的逻辑关系可知“尽管最初生意发展很慢,但很快就好转了”表转折,故选Although表示“尽管,虽然”。because因为,if如果,whether是否。 43.C 考查动词。play玩、演奏,relax放松,start开始,stop停止。根据语境可知“就在我们开始营业两年后,父亲决定我们需要一个全职服务员”,故选C。 44.B 考查动词。根据此句中的Then,可知此句与上一句是顺承关系,由于上文提到父亲需要全职服务员,所以他教我制作比萨饼。故选teach。 45.D 考查副词。根据本句中的“quite enjoy it”可知我的孩子们也喜欢制作比萨饼,故而推断出我的孩子们也学习了制作比萨饼。所以选also表示“也”。perhaps可能,never从不、决不,hardly几乎不。 四、阅读理解 A [语篇解读] 本文是一封信件,Lily向Susan介绍去香港旅行的行程安排,并邀请她同游迪士尼乐园。 46.A 细节理解题。题干句意:Lily将在什么时候抵达香港?根据信件第一段第三句“We􀆳ll arrive on the second of August.”可知答案。 47.B 细节理解题。题干句意:Lily将在海洋公园花费多长时间?根据第二段第一句“I will spend a day in Ocean Park...”可知选B。 48.D 细节理解题。题干句意:在八月四号,Lily将做什么?根据文章第三段第一句可知答案。 49.A 细节理解题。题干句意:Lily将在迪士尼乐园做什么?根据文章第四段第二句可知答案。 50.D 细节理解题。题干句意:Lily想知道 。根据文章第五段可知答案。 B [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者没有听父母的话和一个叫Bob的男孩去悬崖下探险并遇险的经历,获救后作者懊悔不已并向父母道歉。 51.C 细节理解题。题干句意:作者在哪里遇见的Bob?根据文章第二段第一句可知答案。 52.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的“I wanted to prove to him that I was just as brave”可知“我想要向他证明我一样勇敢”,所以上一句中Bob说作者是不勇敢的,是“胆小鬼”,故选A。 53.C 细节理解题。题干句意:作者的父母一直警告他什么事?根据第二段中“I told him that I was not allowed to go near that place(Mum and Dad had always told me it was dangerous to play there).”可知作者的父母不允许作者去悬崖附近玩,故选择C。 54.B 细节理解题。根据第三段对作者和Bob去悬崖探险过程的描述可知选B。 55.D 推理判断题。题干句意:作者对于自己所做的事有何感受?根据文章最后一段最后一句“I apologized and promised that I would not do anything like that again.”可知作者向父母道歉并保证再也不做类似的事情,从而推断出作者感到抱歉、后悔的情 感态度,故选D。 C [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,不仅介绍了造纸的历史及纸张的用途,还介绍了现今造纸会砍伐大量树木,呼吁人们节约用纸。 56.C 细节理解题。题干句意:中国人是在什么时候开始使用纸币的?根据文章第一段最后一句可知答案,句子中代词it指的就是paper money。 57.B 细节理解题。题干句意:为什么加拿大在造纸方面成为了一个重要国家?根据文章第二段最后一句“After that countries rich in forests, such as Canada...”可知是由于加拿大有丰富的森林资源,故选B。 58.D 细节理解题。题干句意:在芬兰,纸张被用来 。根据第三段倒数第二句可知答案。 59.B 细节理解题。题干句意:根据文章,制作一吨纸需要多少棵树?根据文章第四段倒数第三句可知答案。 60.C 主旨大意题。题干句意:第五段主要讲 。第五段中心句即第一句“So we must start saving paper right now.”。再理解本段中几个“We can...”句式,即可归纳段落大意。 五、补全对话 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇父女之间的对话,女儿向父亲说明了自己和朋友遇到的问题并寻求建议。 61.D 根据上一句中女儿的话语“I have a problem with my best friend”可知女儿在向父亲讲述与最好的朋友之间发生了问题,再通过下一句中女儿具体解释了问题是什么,可知本题父亲是问女儿发生了什么,故选D。 62.G 根据下一句中“how she􀆳s different”父亲想知道她是如何不同的可知,此处先要指出她的朋友与之前有所不同,也可以根据G选项中的连词But验证答案。 63.C 根据下一句的答语“Yes, I have.”可知此处是用助动词have提问的一般疑问句,故选C。 64.A 根据下一句的答语“No. I don􀆳t know.”可知上一句是用Do you know提问的一般疑问句,故选A。 65.F 根据上下文语境排除B、E,而F满足上下文语境。 第Ⅱ卷 六、完成句子 66.get off 考查固定短语。与bus搭配,下车get off,上车get on。 67.make sure 考查固定短语。确保、保证make sure。 68.counting down 考查固定短语和动词时态。倒数count down。本句注意前面的be动词are与后面的动词短语构成现在进行时。 69.at last 考查固定短语。最终、最后at last/in the end,根据空格数填at last。70.by hand 考查固定短语。手工by hand。 七、任务型阅读 [语篇解读] 本文介绍了爱因斯坦的生平,包括他的早期生活、上学时光、科学工作和晚年生活。 71.asked a lot of questions 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知答案。 72.did well in maths and science 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知答案。 73.for physics 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知答案。 74.they could see if there was anything special about it 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知答案。 75.the smartest man in the world 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知答案。 八、综合填空 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了从古至今钟表的演变发展,包括古代的太阳钟、日晷、滴漏、机械钟表、石英钟、数码钟表及手机。 76.ways 句意:几个世纪以来,人们已经发展了断定时间的不同方法。此句是第一段的中心句,引起下文,通过下文每一段介绍一个钟表类型、记录时间的方法可知是ways。 77.invented 句意:大概5,500年前,埃及人发明了太阳钟。根据上文语境可知答案。 78.sun 句意:它的影子展示了太阳的移动。根据本段中提到的sun clock可知此处指“太阳的移动”。 79.cloudy 句意:在阴天或夜晚时,用太阳钟或日晷辨别时间是不可能的。根据at night猜测是不见阳光的时候,根据首字母c推断是阴天,故填cloudy。 80.first 句意:滴漏是不使用太阳的第一种钟表。根据上文可知,前面介绍的是太阳钟和日晷,都要用到太阳,这里出现的滴漏是第一个不用太阳测量时间的工具,故填first。 81.level 句意:当水到达某个水平线时,它会移动控制杆,这就显示了时刻。根据语境及对滴漏操作原理的理解可知答案。 82.failed 句意:这些钟表在中东和中国都很受欢迎,但它们不能记录精确的时间。根据句意及逻辑关系可判断出答案。fail to表示“做某事失败,不能做成某事”。 83.but 句意:这个更加精准,但是制作很昂贵。结合句意可以判断出是转折关系,从而推断出使用连词but。 84.improved 句意:这提高了精确性并且允许钟表变得更小了。根据上文可知“机械表不断发展,加入了发条”,这就使精确性提高了。 85.change 句意:在计时上有很大的进步,但是有些事情从未改变。根据最后一句可知尽管钟表更新换代不断发展,可是有些事情依然没变。 九、书面表达 86.[写作提示] 1.本文是一篇介绍李华所做的好事,引发学生思考,进而提出自己观点的记叙文。主体时态是一般过去时。 2.内容要点: ①介绍李华在公交车上的文明举止(一般过去时); ②介绍乘客及老师对李华行为的认可与赞赏(一般过去时); ③介绍李华对这件事的态度(一般过去时); ④根据李华的小故事表达自己的观点(一般现在时)。 [参考范文] The Story of Li Hua Last Friday , when my classmate Li Hua took a bus back home from school , he noticed that someone threw the orange peel on the bus. Then he picked up the peel and put it into the dustbin. At that time, a passenger on the bus took some pictures of the whole process and posted them on the Internet. The pictures spread so fast that Li Hua􀆳s teacher knew what Li Hua had done and praised him. But Li Hua said that it was his responsibility to protect the environment around us. I think all of us should learn from Li Hua, and if everyone can have good manners, our society would be better and better.