冠词、代词和介词考查要略
【考点精析】
一、冠词
考点1不定冠词用法
英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。
不定冠词主要有下面两种用法:
1.表示“一个”,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。
A Mr Liu is waiting for you outside.
A teacher is a person who teaches.
An apple falls down because of gravity.
2.代表一类人或物。
注意：(1)不定冠词a/an与数词one 同源,表示“一个”的意思。a用于发音以辅音音素开头的单词前,an则
用于发音以元音音素开头的单词前。注意此处不是指辅音字母和元音字母。
(2)不定冠词的其他用法
①不定冠词可以用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,使之具体化。这样的物质名词有 rain, snow, fog, wind,
drink, coffee, beer, fire, paper等;抽象名词有success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, wonder, comfort, danger,
shock等。
②knowledge, collection, understanding等名词后加of...时,其前常用不定冠词a/an。
③“a most+形容词”表示“很……,非常……”,most在此不表示最高级含义,相当于very;而“the+most+多
音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式,表示“最……”。
For a great many men and women, romance can be a most important part of marriage.
It is one of the most original works of imagination in the language.
考点2定冠词用法
1.表示特指的人或物,或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物,或者指上文已经提到过的人或物。
Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike.The bike cost him 200 yuan.
2.用于单数可数名词前, 表示整个类属。
I think the telephone was invented before the car.
3.用于某些形容词、分词前表示一类人/物或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人。
The rich will be asked to contribute money; the strong to contribute labour.
The Greens said you would travel with them, didn’t they?
4.用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前表示特指。
This is the boy whose mother is our Chinese teacher.5.表示世界上独一无二的事物,如the moon, the sun, the earth, the universe, the world, the sky等。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
6.用在序数词、形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等前面。
I felt the pressure of being the first woman in the job.
注意：当序数词不表示顺序而表示“又一, 再一”时, 用不定冠词, 如a second time意为“再一次, 又一
次”。
7.用于表示方位、西洋乐器等的名词前,如in the east, in the northwest, play the piano等。
8.用于表示某世纪/年代/时期或朝代的名词前。
He moved to the south in the sixties.
9.用在表示度量单位的名词前,如by the hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo,但是size/weight/time
这类名词跟by连用时不加冠词。
I hired the car by the hour.
考点3与冠词有关的固定搭配
1.含不定冠词的固定搭配
have a knowledge/an understanding of了解
have a good view of一览无余
in a hurry匆忙地
as a result因此
as a rule通常
as a whole总体上
as a matter of fact事实上
2.含定冠词的固定搭配
make the most/best of充分利用
in the end最后
by the way顺便说一下
in the distance在远处
in the way挡道
on the whole总的来说
3.含零冠词的固定搭配
at present目前 take part in参加
in peace平静地 by chance/accident偶然
on purpose故意 on second thoughts再三考虑
ahead of time提前 in advance提前4.常用的固定词组辨析
{ at table就餐
atthe table在 桌 子 旁
{ ¿ hospital 住院
inthe hospital在 医 院
{¿ front of 在……的前面(外部)
inthe front of在……的前面(内部)
二、代词
考点1人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表
人称代词 物主代词
类 反身
主 宾 形容词性 名词性
别 人称 代词
格 格 物主代词 物主代词
第一
我 I me my mine myself
人称
第二
单 你 you you your yours yourself
人称
数
他 he him his his himself
第三
她 she her her hers herself
人称
它 it it its its itself
第一 我
we us our ours ourselves
人称 们
复 第二 你
you you your yours yourselves
数 人称 们
第三 他
they them their theirs themselves
人称 们
(1)人称代词作主语用主格,作宾语、表语用宾格。
(2)两个以上的人称代词并列,其次序排列原则:
①在并列主语中,“I”总是放在最后,排列顺序为二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。
You, he and I are in different classes.
Mr Wang asked Li Ming and me to help him.
②第三人称,男女两性并用,男先女后。
He and she were sitting face to face.
(3)物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。名词性物主代词可作主语和宾语。
She scanned the list of names to see if hers was on it.
The author can report other people’s results which more or less agree with hers.考点2 it的用法
1.it作人称代词的用法
(1)it 可以指除人以外的一切事物或动物。如:
We have $500. Will it be enough for a deposit?
(2)指人时主要用于指代性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如:
Her new baby is tiny. It only weighs 2 kilos.
2.it 作非人称代词的用法
(1)主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。如:
It’s quite warm at the moment.
(2)用于某些句型。如:
It’s time for sth.该是做某事的时间了。
It’s time to do sth.到该做某事的时候了。
It’s time for sb. to do sth.到某人该做某事的时间了。
It’s (about/high) time+that从句.是做……的时候了。(从句谓语用过去式,有时也用“should+动词原形”)
It’s the first (second...) time+that从句.(某人)第一(二……)次做某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)
It’s+时间段+since从句.自从……有一段时间了。
It’s+时间段+before从句.过多长时间才……
3.it用作形式主语或形式宾语
(1)用作形式主语的重要句型
It+be+adj.+for (of) sb. to do sth.做某事对某人来说……
It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day.
It is very considerate of you to send me a birthday card.
(2)用作形式宾语的重要句型
①主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...+it+adj./n. +(for/of sb.) to do/从句.
②主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...+it+important/necessary/
natural/essential+that... (should...)
注意：某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it作形式宾语, 然后接从句, 有此用法的动词
(短语)有like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on, see to等。
I believe it important to separate good failures from bad failures.
I would appreciate it if you could help me to solve the technical problem.
I hate it when people tell me that they are unemployed.
考点3不定代词
1.all,both,either,neither,any,each,none的用法比较(1)both(两者都),either(两者中的任何一个),neither(两者都不)。以上这些词的使用范围为两者。
As far as I could tell, neither of us was under observation.
(2)both与复数名词连用,either与单数名词连用。
Both sides are looking for ways to settle their differences.
There are many tall buildings on either side of the street.
(3)all(所有的,全部的人或物),any(任何一个),none(都不)。以上词使用范围为三者或三者以上。
All the soldiers were praised for bravery in battle.
(4)all和both与not 连用表示部分否定;none以及not...any表示全部否定。
Not all the machines of the company are imported.
Both of the substances do not dissolve in water.
None of you had the courage to face the situation.
(5)each可指两者,也可指两者以上。
I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.
2.another, other, the other, others的用法比较
(1)another既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以
用于“another+数词+复数名词”中,表示“再,又”。
I need another ten minutes to finish my homework.
(2)other可用作形容词,意为 “别的,其他的”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”。
They will then have more money to spend on other things.
(3)①指两个人或物中的另一个用the other,不能用another,此时other作代词使用。
He has one shoulder a little higher than the other.
②the other后可接可数名词单数,也可接复数名词,不接不可数名词。此时other 作为形容词使用。
She turned over on her stomach on the other side of the bed.
He played the violin, and he stood out from all the other musicians.
(4)others泛指“另外几个/其他的人或物”。others不能作定语,表示复数意义,相当于“other+复数名
词”;the others相当于“the other+复数名词”,指剩下的全部。
He demands perfection in others, but cannot see faults in himself.
The snowy main peak towers above all the others.
三、介词(短语)
考点1介词的基本用法
1.with/without复合结构
“介词with/without+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词(现在分词或过去分词)”在句中表
状态或说明背景情况,常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。I will have to buy a new one with my bike broken.
With something important to talk about with you, you must stay here.
2.表示工具、手段、方式的介词
(1)by, on都可表示旅行的方式。
①不涉及交通工具的名词前用by,名词前不加冠词。如by sea, by water, by land, by rail, by air等。
②涉及交通工具的名词前用by,名词须用单数形式,前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如by bike, by taxi, by
plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship等。
③步行、骑马、骑骆驼等均用on。如on foot, on horseback, on a horse, on the camel等。
(2)with,by,in三词都可表示“用”,表示行为的工具、手段或方式。
①with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。
We do not see nature with our eyes, but with our understandings and our hearts.
②by, in, on, over, through等介词多用于无形的工具或方式、手段之前。如by hand, in ink, on the telephone,
over the radio, through the telescope等。
3.of+抽象名词的用法
(1)of + great/much+抽象名词=very+抽象名词的形容词形式
(2)of + no+抽象名词=not+抽象名词的形容词形式
Basic research is of great importance in all scientific fields.
=Basic research is very important in all scientific fields.
All our persuasion was of no use; she would not come.
=All our persuasion was not useful;she would not come.
4.介词but的固定搭配
have no choice but to do 别无选择只得做……
can’t help but do不得不做……
can’t but do不得不/只能做……
can’t choose but do别无选择只得做……
but for要不是……
I have no choice but to do as he tells me.
It rained hard, so they couldn’t choose but stay at home.
5.名词 key, approach, solution, answer, entrance, visit, attitude等与to构成固定搭配
We have a very communicative approach to teaching languages.
We must find a satisfactory solution to the problem.
6.介词by的用法
(1)by+地点名词:表示方位,意为“在……旁边”。(2)by+时间名词:意为“到……时(已发生某事);最晚,不迟于,在……之前”,此时谓语多用完成时。
(3)by+名词:可用来表示方法、方式、手段等。
I can find two tables by the window for you.
Can you have your report ready for the press by next week?
I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy.
考点2介词的习惯搭配
1.与形容词构成的搭配
(1)be+adj.+about
be anxious about 对……忧虑
be curious about 对……好奇
(2)be+adj.+at
be angry at 因……生气
be good at 擅长
(3)be+adj.+in
be absorbed in 专注于
be active in 积极于
be dressed in 穿着
be engaged in 忙于
(4)be+adj.+for
be eager for 渴望
be famous for 因……著名
be fit for 适合,胜任
be ready for 准备好
(5)be+adj.+from
be absent from 缺席
be different from 不同于
(6)be+adj.+to
be close to 接近
be devoted to 致力于
be equal to 等于
be familiar to 对……来说熟悉
(7)be+adj.+of
be aware of 意识到be fond of 喜欢
(8)be+adj.+with
be busy with 忙于
be familiar with 熟悉
be patient with 对……有耐心
2.与名词构成的搭配
(1)“at+n.”表示状态
at a loss 不知所措
at peace 处于和平状态
at war 在交战状态中
at work 在工作
(2)“on+n.”表示状态
on exhibition/show 在展出
on fire 着火
on sale 出售,打折
on the way 在途中
(3)“by+n.”表示方式
by accident 偶然
by air/plane 乘飞机
by chance 偶然
by design 故意地
(4)“in+n.”表示方式
in cash 用现金付款
in depth 深入地
in detail 详细地
in height 在高度上
(5)“of+n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
of benefit 有益处的
of use 有用的
(6)“out of+n.”表示状态
out of balance 失去平衡
out of breath 上气不接下气
(7)“with+n.”表示方式with delight/joy 高兴地
with difficulty 困难地
特别提示：
语法填空题考法
1.根据泛指或特指选择冠词
如果空格后的名词或“形容词+名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限
定词时很可能填冠词。
2.根据固定句式或固定搭配选择冠词
英语中有很多带有冠词的固定句式或短语, 记住这些句式和短语也有利于解决此类问题。
3.熟记常用的不定代词, 如one, all, both, either, neither, each, many, much, little, few, other, another, something,
nothing等。
4.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词:“成分”是关键
(1)如果句中缺少主语, 则用人称代词的主格;
(2)如果句中缺少宾语或表语, 则用人称代词的宾格;
(3)如果句中缺少定语, 则用形容词性物主代词;
(4)如果宾语或表语又反射到句子主语, 则用反身代词。
5.“四种方法”确定介词
(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系;
(2)根据语境含义并结合介词用法;
(3)根据特殊的结构关系, 如接复合宾语就只能用with或without;
(4)根据介词与动词、形容词、名词等的搭配。
【真题演练】
1.(2022·浙江高考)To appreciate a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light.
2.(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially by the
United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate the festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese
Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
3.(2022·浙江高考)The tactile (可触知的) paintings work as a way to show art to the blind because we don’t see
with just our eyes: We see with our brains.
4.(2021·全国乙卷)Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types
of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.5.(2022·北京高考)One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying “free play”, I stepped to the doorway
of the classroom to take a break.
6.(2021·全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi’an City Wall.
7.(2022·北京高考)Since people can’t always eat out or cook for themselves(they), they get takeout or order
delivery.
8.(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism has its(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
9.(2022·全国乙卷)It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on
maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
10.(2022·全国甲卷)One day, he talked with me and hoped to mend our relations. With the efforts made by both
sides, we began to understand each other better.
11.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)The Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
12.(2022·全国乙卷)Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance,
and the industry is playing its part.
13.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of
plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
【考点精练】
一、完成句子
1. 我得为她说句话,她对此事一无所知。
I have to say that she knew nothing about it.
2. 世上没有免费午餐这样的东西。
There is a free lunch in the world.
3. 父母应该警惕孩子们行为的突然变化。
Parents should sudden changes in children’s behaviour.
4. You should forgive him for his forgetfulness; , .
你应该原谅他的健忘, 毕竟他已经七十多岁了。（根据汉语意思完成句子）
5. 如果你不妨碍他晋级，他会很感激的。
He’d if you don’t of his promotion.
6. 与上半场相比, 比赛的下半场有些沉闷。
The second half of the game was dull with the first.
7. 抛开她的坏脾气不谈，露西是一个好女孩。
Lucy is a good girl her bad temper.
8. Being a foreigner, Carl did not catch on the joke.
卡尔是个外国人，不了解这个笑话的含意。9. 谁会做心形手势?
Who can make the gesture heart?
10. 我正想着这件事情，这时听到有人叫我的名字。
I this thing when I heard my name called.
11. 贝尔，一个勇敢而美丽的女孩，不得不和可怕的野兽住在一个城堡里。
Belle, , has to live with the frightening beast in a castle.
12. 他仔细检查了她的护照，然后在上面盖了章。
He and stamped it.
13. 抗议活动并不仅仅限于纽约。
The protests were not New York.
14. 被当作“未来之城”的斯里兰卡的港口城市科伦坡，赢得了世界各地的关注。
Port City Colombo in Sri Lanka, which is regarded as the “City of the Future”, has won attention from
.
15. It’s important to make sure that . (aware)
确保孩子们充分意识到毒品的危险很重要。
16. 她的妈妈过去常常坐在扶手椅上，低着头。
Her mother used to sit in an armchair .
17. 中国发射“天宫二号”空间实验室进入太空，再发射 “天舟一号”与之对接。
China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 .
18. 完成了自己的工作，他们接着去帮助别人了。
They finished their work. , they went to help others.
19. 我接了电话，但线那头没有人。
I answered the phone but there was no one .
20. 和世界上其他地方的人相比，他们生活得相当好。
They were living rather well, people elsewhere in the world.
21. 我们每年只是在过节时才回一两次家。
We only go back home once or twice a year .
22. 他父亲的教导对他的行为影响很大。
His father’s instruction had his behavior.
23. 一年由春、夏、秋、冬四个季节组成。
A year the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter.
24. 这次运动旨在让年轻人懂得毒品的危害。
The campaign is trying to the message to young people that drugs are dangerous.25. 我们应该鼓励他们而不是给他们泼冷水。
We should encourage them throwing cold water on them.
26. 与其他器官相比，人的心脏是不是很脆弱？
Is the human heart weak with the other organs?
27. Rose是一个极具天赋的音乐家，我们尤其喜欢她的浪漫歌曲。所以当她上台领奖时，我们都为她鼓
掌欢呼。
Rose was an extremely gifted musician, and we enjoyed her songs in . So we
and cheered her when she went up to get her prize.
28. 快点，否则你就赶不上他们了。
Hurry up, or you won’t them.
29. 一看到那张滑稽的脸，所有在场的人都大笑起来。
the funny face, all people present burst out laughing. （sight）
30. Now women their rights and are prepared to protect themselves through legal
ways.
现在，女性意识到她们的权利，时刻准备着用合法的方式保护自己。
31. Anyone can join the organization his religion, color, or belief.
任何人都可以加入这个组织，无论他的宗教、肤色或信仰如何。
32. The people were shown around the city.
出席会议的人被带到城里各处参观。
33. I know , but I just can’t resist playing computer games.
我知道是开始做作业的时候了,但我就是忍不住要玩电脑游戏。
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
34. John only agreed to go under pressure his parents.
35. While likability can lead healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.
36. Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s
37. We were first greeted with the barking by a pack dogs, seven to be exact.
38. The review says it is more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.
39. I was searching these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
40. Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.
41.This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) a method of fighting heart
disease, has had some unintended side effects.
42. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they
travelled to and work.43. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree
engineering or architecture.
44. As Paul won first place in the science fair, his teacher tapped him the shoulder, saying “Well
done!”
45. China is a country with a vast territory. In the great historical continuum (连续体), it has developed ________
large variety of traditional housing with distinctly regional features.
46. They were lost at sea, the mercy of the winds and waves.
47. Li Ning’s designs were attractive, and they had a major advantage _____ their better-known rivals—they
were cheaper.
48. New Zealand consists a north island and a south land, both of which are surrounded by sea.
49. Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge.
50. He had a deep voice, which set him apart others in our small town, and he was strong and
powerful.
51. It’s a good idea to agree the boss most of the time.
52. Therefore, it is important that the whole society help create barrier-free environment for them.
53. Women deserve to be treated dignity and they should make their voices heard by the world.
54. The new products will first be put trial sale in this city.
55. Small nations often have to combine the power of a large one.
56. The enemy troops were fleeing all directions.
57. Living in the same village together with dozens your relatives proved to be great.
58. Animal rights activists protest keeping wild animals in unnatural conditions.
59. We’re often reminded the importance of preserving the planet because we depend on it too much.
60. What if later in life they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity (机会) of some sort, and instead of
opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just stare it and wonder, “What if it isn’t a door?”
That is, “What if it isn’t a real opportunity?”
61. Turn a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements.
62. Who knew that so many years later I would look Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to get through my
own cancer experience?
63. She looked at the boss wonder.
64. When she finally arrived at the lecture hall, the lecture had already come to end.
65. As the TV is broken, you'll have to content (you) with listening to the radio.
66. is said that the president of that company will visit our school next week.67. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by Englishman, William Low.
68. After wandering around, we found (our) back at the hotel.
69. When we experience things the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or
(excite).
70. Don’t try to fit in everyone, and find people with the common interest.
三、单项选择
71. FBI stands _________ Federal Bureau of Investigation.
A. in
B. by
C. for
D. with
72. Without warning a few months ago, my grandfather ended up in hospital _______ blood pressure issues.
A. by B. with C. in D. at
73. Chinese children grew up in classrooms where they all learned the same things at the same pace ________
interests or needs.
A. in terms of B. in view of
C. in spite of D. regardless of
74. This is not an economical way to get more water; ________, it is very expensive.
A. worse still B. on the contrary
C. in short D. in addition
75. I have got ________ things to do this morning, so I wasn’t able to go to the flower exhibit.
A. a great deal of B. a plenty of C. masses of D. a great many of
76. — What do you think of The Wandering Earth?
— It’s really ________ wonderful movie.
A. a B. an C. the D. \
77. In the market, vegetables are sold by _______ kilogram, I mean, by _______ weight.
A. the; 不填 B. 不填; 不填
C. the; the D. 不填；the
78. John said he would pay ______ second visit to China ______ next month.
A. the；/ B. the；a
C. a；the D. a；a
79. It took us a long time to get to the city. It was _________ journey.
A. three hour B. three hours C. a three-hours D. a three-hour80. We will be ______ happy if you could join us in the party.
A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than
81. The result of the football match was 2 to 2，________the satisfaction of both teams.
A. with B. for C. at D. to
82. All theories come from practice and ________ serve practice.
A. in doubt B. in turn C. in panic D. in fear
83. It is believed that travelling to Yaan in October is enjoyable experience.
A. /; the B. the; an
C. /; an D. the, the
84. If you go there by ____train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure you get ___fast one.
A. /; / B. /; a C. the; a D. the ; /
85. ________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
A. According to B. Instead of
C. In addition to D. In spite of
86. I don’t want to become a burden ________ my children when I’m old.
A. for B. to C. at D. on
87. The study of natural history is not something to be left to biologists. In fact, their capacity ______the time
they can spend away from their offices is very limited.
A. in the light of B. in view of
C. in the event of D. in terms of
88. The two rooms are of ________ size, but another room is three times ________ size of them.
A. the; a B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the
89. Heavy smog blankets Beijing. ,city authorities start using its new smog warning system.
A. In turn B. In time
C. In response D. In return
90. My friend asked me to play ____ volleyball, but I’m tired and I don’t think I’ve got ____ energy.
A. a ; / B. the ; the C. / ; / D. / ; the
91. First, it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different
from ______.
A. everyone else B. the other C. someone else D. the rest’s
92. Sara, my colleague, has been ______ the run all week preparing for her son’s wedding.
A. in B. to C. on D. at
93. The performance was ________ being a failure; it was a great success.A. along with B. far from C. next to D. regardless of
94. English now is also spoken as _______ foreign or second language in _______ South Asia.
A. the; the B. a; /
C. a; the D. the; /
95. Only through _______ talks can we build trust and only through cooperation can we create ________ win-
win economic situation.
A. \ ; a B. the ; the C. \ ; the D. the ; a
96. Adil is playing _______ football on the playground while Rana is playing _______ violin.
A. the;the B. /;/ C. The;/ D. /;the
97. Children need many things, but ______they need love.
A. at all B. in all
C. after all D. above all
98. Instead of settling down and living a peaceful life, the farmers move from city to city _____ work.
A. in search of B. in return for C. in honor of D. in praise of
99. When we ____ on our life journey after graduation from university, we are confident about our future.
A. set about B. set up
C. set down D. set off
100. Talking about buying cars, I prefer a car less than 100,000 yuan to ________ over the amount.
A. this B. it C. that D. one
101. He helped me when I was in trouble, but asked for nothing .
A. in relief B. in return C. in addition D. in charge
102. According to a recent study, the high school graduation rate for black men has fallen by 43 percent, while
________ of black women has risen by 56 percent.
A. that B. what
C. one D. which
103. To everyone’s surprise, Tom finished his papers .
A. of his own B. on his own
C. his own D. own
104. She was so _____ in her job that she didn’t hear someone knocking at the door.
A. absorbed B. attracted C. drawn D. concentrated
四、语法填空
As I walked 105 the city streets, I passed a young man searching through a small block of land that
contained a mix of leaves and rubbish. I was somewhat puzzled why someone 106 him would be searchingthrough rubbish. Finding this a little odd, I asked him, “What are you searching 107 ?” He replied very
simply that he was looking for money.
After talking 108 him for a little longer, I found out that he had become homeless after getting laid
109 from his job. Since then, he had been working 110 part-time jobs in a doctor’s office and in a
food bank to earn some money. But he made so little that he lost heart. The man seemed fairly talented, although
he was a little dirty.
I told him that our thoughts create our reality, and I suggested that he not give 111 and think 112
a positive way. During the whole talk, what I stressed was that he was young and that everything was possible.
Although he didn’t respond 113 the spot, my sense told me that what I said seemed to have an effect
114 him.
参考答案
一、
1. in defense of her
【解析】考查固定短语。in defense of为保卫……的；为……而辩护的，表示“她”应用her作宾语。根
据句意，故填in defense of her。
2. no such thing as
【解析】考查固定短语。结合句意可知表示“没有……这样的东西”短语为no such thing as。故填no
such thing as。
3. be alert to
【解析】考查形容词短语。根据汉语提示，设空处缺“警惕”，表达为be alert to，为系表结构，情态动
词should后接动词原形，故填be alert to。
4. after all he is over seventy
【解析】考查时态和固定短语。after all：毕竟，over seventy：超过70；70多，描述年龄，用一般现在时
态。根据汉语提示可知答案为①after all②he is over seventy。
5. appreciate it get in the way
【解析】考查动词、固定句型和固定短语。根据句意，“感激”可以用动词appreciate表示；根据单词
appreciate的用法，此处是考查固定句型“appreciate it if（如果……将不胜感激）”，其中it作形式宾语，
代指后面if从句的内容；“妨碍”可以用固定短语get in the way表示。故填appreciate it和get in the
way。
6. by contrast
【解析】考查短语。观察中英文提示可知，空格处缺少“与……相比”的表达，by contrast with意思为：
和……相比，符合题意。故填：①by；②contrast。7. except for
【解析】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，空处表达的意思为“除了，抛开”，except for意为：“除了，
抛开”，故填①except②for。
8. to
【解析】考查固定短语。根据中英文提示，此处考查catch on to“理解”，固定短语，故填to。
9. in shape of
【解析】考查固定短语。根据中英文提示，此处为固定短语in shape of...“......的形状”。故填in；shape；
of。
10. was thinking of
【解析】考查时态、动词短语。分析句子结构，根据句意以及下文时间状语when I heard my name called
可知，空白处谓语动词应使用过去进行时，表示“想着”含义的动词短语为：think of，因主语为单数，
所以应填was thinking of，故填①was；②thinking；③of。
11. a brave and beautiful girl
【解析】考查冠词、形容词和名词。结合句意可知，此处用并列形容词brave“勇敢的”和beautiful“美丽
的”作定语，修饰名词girl“女孩”，girl是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且brave以辅音音素开头，用不定
冠词a，名词短语a brave and beautiful girl在句中作同位语，故填a brave and beautiful girl。
12. examined her passport
【解析】考查一般过去时、动词和名词。此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。表示“仔细检
查”应用动词examine，表示“她的”应用形容词性物主代词her，表示“护照”应用名词passport。故填
examined her passport。
13. limited to
【解析】考查固定短语。根据句意可知固定短语be limited to（只限于）符合题意，故填limited；to。
14. all over the world
【解析】考查短语。结合汉语提示，空处内容为“世界各地”，短语：all over the world“全世界，世界各
地”，故填①all；②over；③the；④world。
15. children are well aware of the danger of drugs
【解析】考查动词短语和时态。根据句意及所给句子可知，陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，“孩子
们”使用children，“充分意识到”使用动词短语be well aware of，“毒品的危险”译为the danger of
drugs。故填children are well aware of the danger of drugs。
16. with her head down
【解析】考查固定搭配。分析可知，空处用with的复合结构作状语，表示主语的状态，可用“with+名词+副词”的结构表示“低着头”这一短语，表示“低的”为down。故填①with②her③head④down。
17. to dock with it
【解析】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“对接”可知，应用短语dock with，此处为不定式作目的状语；
使用代词it指代the Tiangong 2 space lab。故填to dock with it。
18. In their turn
【解析】考查完成句子。in one’s turn“接着”是介词短语作状语。结合句意，故填In their turn。
19. at the other end
【解析】考查介词短语。根据句意可知，此处意为“在线的那头”，故应用短语at the other end作状语，
故填at the other end。
20. in comparison with
【解析】考查介词短语。“和……相比”的英文为in comparison with，介词短语作状语，故填in
comparison with。
21. at festival times
【解析】考查介词短语。表示“在过节时”可用介词短语at festival times，作状语，名词festival作定语修
饰times。故填at festival times。
22. a great influence on
【解析】考查固定短语。结合句意“对……影响很大”短语为have a great influence on。故填a great
influence on。
23. is comprised/composed of
【解析】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，本句陈述的是一般事实，所以时态用一般现在时，表示
“由……组成”可以用固定短语be comprised/composed of，又因为主语A year是第三人称，所以be动词
用is。故答案为is comprised/composed of。
24. get across
【解析】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。表示“让……懂得”应用动词短语get across，位于动词不定式符
号to后面，使用动词原形。故填①get②across。
25. instead of
【解析】考查介词短语。根据句意可知，空处应用介词短语instead of，表示“而不是”，符合题意。故
填①instead，②of。
26. by/in comparison
【解析】考查固定短语。根据句意“与……相比”可知，空格处涉及固定短语“by/in comparison
with…”，意为“与……相比”，故空格处应填“by comparison”或“in comparison”。故填by/in
comparison。27. romantic particular clapped
【解析】考查形容词和固定短语。结合句意表示“浪漫”应用形容词romantic，作定语修饰songs；表示
“尤其”短语为in particular；表示“鼓掌”应用clap，结合后文cheered可知为一般过去时。故填
①romantic；②particular；③clapped。
28. keep/catch up with
【解析】考查动词短语。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语keep/catch up with“赶上”，满足句意要求，结
合空前won’t情态动词可知，为动词原形。故分别填keep/catch；up；with。
29. At the sight of
【解析】考查固定搭配。根据汉语提示，表示“一看到”，应该用at the sight of，同时设空处置于句首，
开头单词首字母应该大写。故填At the sight of。
30. are aware of
【解析】考查时态和短语。根据中英文提示，空格处缺少谓语“意识到”，用短语be aware of作谓语，
由下文的are prepared以及句意可推断，用一般现在时，主语women是复数，谓语动词用复数，故填are
aware of。
31. regardless of
【解析】考查介词短语。表示“无论”应用介词短语regardless of，意为“不管；不顾；无论”。故填
regardless of。
32. present at the meeting
【解析】考查形容词、介词短语。根据汉语提示和句意，设空处为“出席会议的”，“出席”表达为形
容词present，“会议”表达为介词短语at the meeting，present at the meeting作后置定语，修饰名词The
people。故填：present at the meeting。
33. it is time for me to set out to do my homework
【解析】考查固定句型和动词短语。根据句意可知，此处应为固定句型it is time for sb to do“该是某人做
某事的时候了”，满足句意要求，表示“开始做作业”应为动词短语set out to do my homework。故填it is
time for me to set out to do my homework。
二、
34. from
【解析】考查介词。句意：约翰只是在父母的压力下才同意去。根据句意，此处压力是来自父母的，所
以用介词from。故填from。
35. to
【解析】考查介词。 句意：讨人喜欢的性格可以让我们做出健康的调整，但高地位对我们的影响却恰恰
相反。结合语境表示“导致，通向”，可知短语为lead to。故填to。36. of/for 37. of 38. than 39. for 40. than 41. as 42. from 43. in
【解析】36. 考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of连接，
“methods of doing sth.”意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构；或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用
for。故填of/for。
37. 考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群……”。故填of。
38. 考查介词。句意：这篇报告指出跑步比散步、骑车或游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据句中more
effective可知，本句要用比较级，比较对象前要用than。
39. 考查动词的固定搭配。句意：我在寻找我以前一直观察的三只西部低地大猩猩。search for sb./sth.意思
是“寻找……”。故填for。
40. 句意：玉米的用水比水稻要少，并且产生化肥的径流量要少。由句意结合比较级less可知，此处构成
前后比较的关系，比较对象前填than。
41. 考查介词用法。句意：这种趋势开始于医学界把它作为一种抵制（治疗）心脏病的方法，这种趋势一
直有一些未预料的负面影响。as可作介词，意为“作为”。故填as。
42. 考查固定表达。句意：它（地铁）在（离地面）七公里的地下运行，能够让我们在上下班时避免道路
上的糟糕的拥挤人群。“travel to and from work”表示“上下班”。故填from。
43. 考查介词。句意：(中学)毕业后，她计划休学一年去做全职模特，再上大学取得工程或建筑学位。
degree是“学位”的意思，表示某方面的学位时，用介词in。故填in。
44. on
【解析】考查介词。句意：当Paul在科学展览上获得第一名时，他的老师拍了拍他的肩膀说：“做得
好！”tap sb. on the shoulder“拍某人的肩膀”是固定搭配。故填on。
45. a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：在伟大的历史发展过程中，中国出现了各种各样具有鲜明的地域特色的传统
建筑。根据句型分析可知，此处考查a variety of...表“各种各样的……”，为固定短语，且空格后large的
发音以辅音音素开头，所以用a。故填a。
46. at
【解析】考查介词。句意：他们在海上迷失了方向，任凭风浪摆布。结合句意表示“任……摆布”可知
短语为at the mercy of。故填at。
47. over
【解析】考查介词。句意：李宁的设计很有吸引力，而且它们比那些更知名的竞争对手有一个主要优势
——它们更便宜。advantage over sth为固定搭配，意为“占优势”。故填over。
48. of【解析】考查固定短语和介词。句意：新西兰由一个北岛和一个南岛组成，这两个岛都被大海所环绕。
根据句意，此处应该是短语consist of“由……构成”，consist of不用于被动语态；缺少介词。故填of。
49. none
【解析】考查代词。句意：Niki总是充满想法，但是就我所知没有一个是有用的。由句中的but推断，句
子表示“Niki的想法没有一个是有用的”，空格处表示“没有一个”，用none，故填none。
50. from
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：他有一副深沉的嗓音，这使他在我们小镇上与众不同，而且他很强壮，
很有力量。此处为短语set…apart from表示“使……与众不同；使……突出”。故填from。
51. with
【解析】考查介词。句意：大多数时候和老板意见一致是个好主意。agree with与……一致。根据句意，
故填with。
52. a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：因此，全社会帮忙为他们创造一个无障碍环境很重要。分析句子结构可知，
空格后有名词单数形式environment，这里泛指，表示“一个”，应用不定冠词修饰，且barrier-free的发
音是辅音音素开头，故填a。
53. with
【解析】考查介词。句意：女性应该被有尊严地对待，她们应该让世界听到她们的声音。with dignity“有
尊严地”。故填with。
54. on
【解析】考查介词。句意：新产品将首先在本市试销。短语put on trial表示“试验”。故填on。
55. against
【解析】考查介词。句意：小国往往不得不联合起来对抗大国的力量。结合句意表达“联合起来以对
付”为固定短语combine against。故填against。
56. in
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：敌军部队向四面八方逃窜。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“in all
directions”，意为“四面八方、各方面”，故空格处应用介词in。故填in。
57. of
【解析】考查介词。句意：事实证明，和你的几十个亲戚住在同一个村子里很棒的。dozens of固定搭配，
意为“许多；几十个”，故填of。
58. against/at/about
【解析】考查介词。句意：动物权利活动人士抗议将野生动物饲养在非自然条件下。分析句子结构可知，
此处考查固定搭配：protest against/at/about意为“反对/抗议”。故填against或者at或者about。59. of
【解析】考查介词。句意：我们经常被提醒保护地球的重要性，因为我们太依赖它了。 remind sb. of sth.
意为“提醒某人某事”，本句使用了其被动形式。故填of。
60. at
【解析】考查介词。句意：假如他们以后在生活中遇到比喻意义上的门，就像某种机会，将会怎么样，
他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而只是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样？”也就是说，
“假如这不是一个真正的机会会怎样呢？”。根据句意，此处表达“盯着”，stare at盯着，凝视，符合
题意。故填at。
61. to
【解析】考查介词与其它词类的搭配。句意：翻开你日记中的一页，列出你的优点和成就。固定搭配turn
to...(翻书到……)，用介词to。故填to。
62. to
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：准知道这么多年后我还会指望伯尼医生和他的CD来度过我自己的癌症经
历呢？根据句意“指望”和空前的“look”可知，此处为动词短语look to。故填to。
63. in
【解析】考查介词。句意：她惊奇地看着老板。根据句意可知此处缺少“惊奇地”在句子中做状语，应
使用固定短语in wonder，故填in。
64. an
【解析】考查冠词。句意：当她最后到达报告厅时，讲座已经结束了。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语：
come to an end“结束”。故填an。
65. yourself
【解析】考查代词。句意：由于电视坏了，你只能满足于听收音机了。主语与宾语为同一个人时，宾语
用反身代词，主语为you，宾语应用yourself。故填yourself。
66. It
【解析】考查代词。句意：据说那家公司的总裁下周要来我们学校参观。分析句子可知，此处为it作形
式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语，所以使用代词it，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填It。
67. an
【解析】考查冠词。句意：在1860年，一位名叫William Low的英国人提出了一个更好的计划。句中不
定冠词an泛指一位英国人，所以要填不定冠词an。
68. ourselves
【解析】考查代词。句意：在附近转了一圈之后，我们发现自己回到了旅馆。主语是we，此处应用反身
代词ourselves作宾语，表示“我们自己”，故填ourselves。69. for excitement
【解析】考查介词和名词。句意：当我们第一次经历某些事情时，我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋的感
觉。固定搭配for the first time作时间状语表示“第一次做某事时”，符合语境；第二空需要一个名词和
fear并列作介词of的宾语，所给词excite为动词，其名词拼写为excitement。故填for；excitement。
70. with
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：不要试图适应每个人，要找到和你有共同兴趣的人。根据句意可知，此
处为动词短语fit in with“适应；.与……协调”，满足句意要求。故填with。
三、
71. C
【解析】试题分析：考查固定搭配。 句意：联邦调查局象征着联邦调查局的实验室。stand for是固定搭
配，所以选C。
考点：考查固定搭配
72. B
【解析】试题分析：考查介词。句意：几个月前，在毫无征兆的情况下，我爷爷因为血压问题住进了医
院。end up in,以...告终，强调结果；end up with,强调方式，故选B项。
考点 : 考查介词
73. D
【解析】试题分析：考查介词短语。句意：中国的孩子在他们都在以同样的速度学会同样的知识不管他
们的兴趣和需要的教室里长大。A. in terms of 依据；B. in view of在某人看来；C. in spite of尽管；D.
regardless of不管。
根据题意可知选D项。
考点：考查介词短语
74. B
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：这不是一种获得更多水的经济方法，相反，它非常昂贵。A. worse still更
糟的是；B. on the contrary相反；C. in short总之；D. in addition另外。前后句意思相反，故选B。
75. C
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：今天上午我有很多事情要做，所以我没能去看花展。A. a great deal
of很多；大量（其后接不可数名词）；B. a plenty of（错误表达）；C. masses of大量的（其后接可数名词
复数）；D. a great many of后主要接代词，受冠词修饰的名词。此处后跟可数名词复数things，应用
masses of。故选C。
76. A
【解析】考查冠词用法。句意：---你觉得流浪的地球怎么样?---这真是一部精彩的电影。根据上下文语境可知，此处“____ wonderful movie”泛指“一部精彩的电影”，故用不定冠词，且“wonderful”为辅音音
素开头，故选A。
77. A
【解析】介词by表示“以……计”时，若后接单数可数名词，其前要用定冠词。如： by the week，按周；
by the ton按吨，by the meter按米；若后接抽象名词时，则通常不用冠词，如by cash用现金；by volume
按体积。
78. C
【解析】句意：约翰说下个月，他将再一次游览中国。a second“再一次，又一次”。a与序数词连用常表
示“又一，再一”的意思。next month“(从现在算起)下个月”，常用于直接引语中。the next month表示
“(从过去某个时间算起)第二个月”，常用于间接引语中。所以选C。
79. D
【解析】考查冠词和形容词。句意：我们花了很长时间才到达这个城市。这是一次三小时的旅程。分析
句子可知，句中涉及“数字+连字符+单词名词”结构，通常用作定语，修饰名词，three-hour意为“三小
时的”，作定语修饰journey，journey为可数名词单数，句中泛指“一次”旅程，故应用不定冠词修饰，
three单词音标第一个音素为元音音素，应与不定冠词a连用，句中“a three-hour journey”指“一次三小时
的旅程”。故选D项。
80. B
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：如果你可以加入我们的聚会，我们会非常的高兴。other than除了；more
than不仅仅，非常；rather than除了；less than少于……。more than后面接形容词，表示“非常……”。
根据语境可知，说话人欢迎对方参加他们的聚会，所以对方来的话，他们会非常高兴。故选B。
81. D
【解析】考查介词。句意：足球赛的结果是2比2，双方都满意。A. with具有；B. for为了；C. at在； D.
to达到。短语to the satisfaction of表示“令……满意”，在本句中作状语。故选D。
82. B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：所有的理论都来自实践，反过来又服务于实践。A.in doubt 存在疑问；
B.in turn相应地；C.in panic 惊慌地；D.in fear惊恐地。根据句意可知，“相应地”符合语境。故选B。
83. C
【解析】考查冠词。句意：人们相信十月去雅安旅游是一次愉快的经历。在通常情况下，表示月份的名
词前不用冠词；泛指“一次愉快的经历”，enjoyable的首字母发音是元音，用不定冠词an，故选C。
84. B
【解析】试题分析：句意：如果你做火车去那里，你可以有一个舒适的旅行，但是你必须确保做快车。
表示乘坐交通工具用by+交通工具的名词，名词前不用冠词。one是代替train,这里表示泛指的火车。故选B。
考点：考查冠词的用法。
点评：本题难度适中。冠词是高中学生必须掌握的知识点，由于冠词的用法太多，做题时必须根据不同
的语境来确定用哪一个冠词。冠词在固定短语中的考查也是近几年的热点。
即学即练：We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent.
A. the; the B.不填;the C. the; 不填 D.不填;不填
解析：B。句意：by sea意为“经海路”；by the sea意为“在海边”；表示大陆、大洋等的名词前通常要
加定冠词。
85. D
【解析】考查介词词组。句意：尽管存在所有这些问题，几个运动员还是表现很好。A. according to据
(……所说)；按(……所报道)；B. instead of代替，作为……的替换；C. in addition to另外，加之，除……
之外；D. in spite of尽管，不管。前后形成让步关系，故选D。
86. B
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我不想老了以后成为孩子们的负担。短语become a burden to sb. “成为某
人的负担”。故选B。
87. D
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：对于自然历史的研究不是留给生物学家的事情。事实上，就他们能在办
公室外度过的时间而言他们的能力是非常有限的。A.鉴于；B.考虑到；C.万一，如果；D.就……而言。故
选Ｄ。
88. B
【解析】考查冠词。句意：这两个房间大小相同，但另一个房间是它们的三倍大。第一空处使用固定搭
配， “Sb./Sth. be of +a +表示种类、数量、度量等的抽象名词”表示（人或物）“具有某种共同特征”，
该名词前常用不定冠词修饰；第二空处使用固定句型“A + be +倍数 + the + 表示度量等的抽象名词+ of+
B”，用来表示“A是B的……倍”，该句型中在名词前常用定冠词the。综上，故选B。
89. C
【解析】试题分析：考查介词短语辨析。A轮流；B及时；C作出回应；D作为报答。根据句意，上文提
到雾霾严重，故是作出回应。句意：严重的雾霾覆盖北京，作为回应，城市政府开始使用新的雾霾警告
系统。故选C
考点：考查介词短语辨析
90. D
【解析】考查冠词用法。句意：我的朋友请我打排球，但我很累，我认为我没有力气了。打排球之间不
用定冠词，排除AB项，“能量”之前要加定冠词，特指没有打排球的力气，故选D。91. A
【解析】考查代词。句意：首先，重要的是要认识到你是一个什么样的人，以及哪些特殊的品质使你不
同于其他人。A. everyone else其他每一个人；B. the other（某范围中的）另一个；C. someone else其他的
某个人；D. the rest’s其余的。根据句意，“是什么特殊的品质使你与其他的人不同”，是泛指“别的人，
其他的人”，故选A项。
92. C
【解析】试题分析：考查介词。on the run逃跑，忙碌，奔波。句意：我的同事萨拉，整个一周都在忙碌
着为儿子的婚礼做准备。故选C。
考点：考查介词
93. B
【解析】考查短语词义辨析。句意：演出远非失败；这是一个巨大的成功。A. along with与……在一起；
B. far from远离； 一点也不；C. next to邻近； 紧靠；D. regardless of不管；不顾。根据“it was a great
success.”可知，这个演出一点也不失败。故选B。
94. B
【解析】试题分析：考查冠词。句意：英语在南亚地区作为一种外语或第二语言被人们使用。表示泛指
一种外语，用不定冠词a/an，排除A、D；in South Asia在南亚地区，故选B。
考点：考查冠词
95. A
【解析】试题分析：考查冠词。第一空后面使用复数形式，说明不需要使用冠词；第二空泛指一个双赢
的局面。句意：只有通过谈判，我们才能建立信任。只有通过合作我们才能创造出一个双赢的局面。故
A正确。
考点：考查冠词
点评：冠词的考查集中在the表示特指；a/an表示泛指。另外要注意冠词的一些固定搭配。
96. D
【解析】考查冠词。句意：Adil在操场上踢足球，而Rana在拉小提琴。在冠词用法中，球类运动前不加
任何冠词，演奏乐器前需要加定冠词，play football为“踢足球”，play the violin为“拉小提琴”。故选
D项。
97. D
【解析】考查词组词义辨析。句意：孩子们需要很多东西，但是他们尤其需要爱。A. at all完全，根本；
B. in all总共，共计；C. after all毕竟；D. above all尤其是。根据句意，故选D项。
98. A【解析】试题分析：句意：没有定居下来过一种平静的生活，这些农民为了寻找工作，从一座城市迁移
到另一座城市。in search of寻找；in return for作为……的回报；in honor of为了向……表示敬意；in
praise of赞扬，选A。
考点：考查词组辨析
99. D
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：大学毕业后当我们踏上人生旅途的时候，我们对未来充满信心。
A. set about着手；开始做（某事）；B. set up建立；C. set down写下；D. set off出发；启程。set off on a
journey为固定搭配，意为“出发旅行”。故选D项。
100. D
【解析】考查代词。句意：谈起买车，我宁愿一辆低于10万的车也不愿意要超过这个数字的车。This指
代下文即将要说的内容，it指代上文出现的同一事物。That指代可数名词单数或不可数名词，后面必须有
定语修饰。One指代可数名词单数，表示泛指。本题的one指代a car. 故D正确。
101. B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我有困难时他帮了我，但不要求任何回报。A. in relief松了口气；B.
in return作为报答；C. in addition另外；D. in charge负责。结合句意表示“作为报答”应用短语in
return。故选B。
102. A
【解析】考查代词。句意：根据最近的一项研究，黑人男性的高中毕业率下降了43%，而黑人女性的毕
业率上升了56%。that 用作指示代词(复数形式是those)，还可为了避免重复，代替前述名词，此处指代
的是the high school graduation rate，故选A。
103. B
【解析】考查短语和形容词辨析。句意为：令大家惊奇的是，Tom独自完成了他的论文。A.of his own他
自己的；B.on his own独自地；C.his own他自己的；D.own自己的。根据句意可知，介词短语on one’s
own“独自地”，满足句意要求。故选B项。
104. A
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：她全神贯注地工作，连敲门的声音都没听见。根据句意可知，此处为固
定短语be absorbed in“专心于……”，满足句意要求。只有A项在此可以构成固定搭配be absorbed in“专
心于……”，BCD项无此搭配。故选A项。
四、
105. along/down 106. like 107. for 108. with 109. off 110. on 111. up 112. in
113. on 114. on
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在大街上散步，遇到一个年轻人在垃圾中找东西。这个年轻人失业后变得无家可归。作者建议他不放弃，用积极的方式思考。
105. 考查介词。句意：当我沿着街道走的时候，我经过一个年轻人，他正在一小块土地上搜寻，那块土
地里有树叶和垃圾。walk along/down the streets“沿着街散步”，故答案为along/down。
106. 考查介词。句意：我有点困惑，为什么像他这样的人会在垃圾中搜索。故答案为like。
107. 考查固定搭配。句意：你在搜寻什么？search for“搜寻”，故答案为for。
108. 考查固定搭配。句意：和他聊天一段时间后，我发现他失业后变得无家可归。talk with sb.“与某人谈
论”，故答案为with。
109. 考查动词短语。句意：和他聊天一段时间后，我发现他失业后变得无家可归。lay off“解雇，停止工
作”，故答案为off。
110. 考查固定搭配。句意：从那以后，为了挣一些钱他一直在医生的办公室和一个食物银行从事兼职工
作。work on“从事于……工作”，故答案为on。
111. 考查固定短语。句意：我告诉他我们的想法创造我们的现实，我建议他不放弃，用积极的方式思考。
give up“放弃”，故答案为up。
112. 考查介词短语。句意：我告诉他我们的想法创造我们的现实，我建议他不放弃，用积极的方式思考。
in a positive way“以积极的方式”，故答案为in。
113. 考查固定短语。句意：虽然他当场没有回应，我的感觉告诉我，我说的话似乎对他有影响。on the
spot“当场”，故答案为on。
114. 考查固定短语。句意：虽然他当场没有回应，我的感觉告诉我，我说的话似乎对他有影响。have an
effect on“对……有影响”，故答案为on。
