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北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
专题十一 推测词义
题组一 单词类
Passage 1(2020课标全国Ⅱ,C) 词数 369
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist
on your holiday list, fur probably didn't cross your mind. But some
ecologists and fashion(时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market
for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur
made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about
guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters
$5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in
Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the
wild. “The ecosystem down there can't handle this non-native species(物种).
It's destroying the environment. It's them or us,”says Michael Massimi,
an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for
nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like
crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He
says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has
no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there's Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan
says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without
someone throwing paint on them—I think that's going to be a massive thing,北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a
while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations
is morally acceptable. She's trying to come up with a label to attach to
nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
1.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A.To promote guilt-free fur.
B.To expand the fashion market.
C.To introduce a new brand.
D.To celebrate a winter holiday.
2.Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B.Nutria are an endangered species.
C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D.Nutria are illegally hunted.
3.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Boomed.
B.Became mature.
C.Remained stable.
D.Crashed.
4.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A.It's formal.
B.It's risky.
C.It's harmful.
D.It's traditional.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容为人与动物。文章
介绍了一些生态学家和时装爱好者试图让海狸鼠毛皮重回市场及其原因。本文旨在培养
学生多角度看待问题的能力。
1.A 主旨要义题。 本题题干意为:新奥尔良和布鲁克林时装秀的目的是什么?根据第一
段第二句(不过,一些生态学家和时装爱好者正试图让海狸鼠毛皮市场复苏),以及第二
段Cree McCree所说的话(除非你了解海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片的湿地,否则毫无愧疚北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
地谈论毛皮听起来很不理智)可推断出A项(毫无愧疚地销售毛皮)正确。B:拓展时装市
场;C:介绍新的品牌;D:庆祝寒假。
2.A 细节理解题。 本题题干意为:为什么科学家很担心海狸鼠?根据第四段第一句可知
海狸鼠是由阿根廷引进的非本地物种,再结合Michael Massimi所说的话(那里的生态
系统无法处理这个非本地物种。它正在破坏环境)可知A项(海狸鼠严重破坏了生态系
统)正确。B:海狸鼠是濒危物种;C:海狸鼠危害了当地体型如猫般大小的动物;D:海狸鼠
被非法捕猎。
3.D 推测词义题。本题题干意为:第五段中的画线单词“collapsed”可能是什么意思?
根据第五段中的but可知,上文(毛皮贸易控制了海狸鼠几十年)与下文(当海狸鼠市场
在20世纪80年代末 ,这种猫般大小的动物疯狂地繁殖)存在转折关系,可推断出
市场应该是“垮掉”了。故选D。A:繁荣;B:变得成熟;C:保持稳定。
4.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:根据Morgan关于在纽约穿皮草,我们能推断出什么?
根据最后一段第二句Morgan说的话(给人们一个没有负罪感的选择,他们穿着皮草,却
没有人朝他们泼油漆——我觉得那将是一件大事,至少在纽约是这样)可推断出B项(它
是有危险的)正确。A:它是正式的;C:它是有害的;D:它是传统的。
长难句 It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand
that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year.除非你了解海狸鼠每
年都在破坏大片的湿地,(否则)毫无愧疚地谈论毛皮听起来很不理智。
本句是一个主从复合句,It是形式主语,to talk about guilt-free fur是真正的主语,
unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every
year是条件状语从句,that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year
是宾语从句。
Passage 2(2019江苏,B) 词数 360
In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone
National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly,
had not troubled anyone before:he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had
been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that's
what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But
Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone(圆
锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting
magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican
farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In
one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within
two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more
than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these
volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is,
however, a second less known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain
building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single
big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously
was of this second type, but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera
anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by
taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of
the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a
nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. As soon as Christiansen saw
the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera:almost the
whole park—2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole
more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at
ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with
a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
1.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone?
A.Its complicated geographical features.
B.Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.
C.The mysterious history of the park.
D.The exact location of the volcano.
2.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A.The shapes of volcanoes.
B.The impacts of volcanoes.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.The activities of volcanoes.
D.The heights of volcanoes.
3.What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most
probably mean?
A.Hot-air balloon.
B.Digital camera.
C.Big photograph.
D.Bird's view.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与自然,旨在提升学生对自然的认知。文
章提到,Christiansen研究黄石国家公园的时候在公园内找不到破火山口,后来发现几
乎整个公园都是破火山口。
1.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:当 Christiansen研究黄石国家公园的时候,什么事情
让他感到迷惑?根据文章第一段第一句...Bob Christiansen became puzzled about
something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before:he couldn't find the
park's volcano.可知应选D项(火山的确切位置)。A:它复杂的地理特征;B:它对旅游业
的永久的影响;C:这个公园神秘的历史。
2.A 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:第二段主要讲的是什么?根据第二段第一句中the
classic cone shapes 和最后三句可知,第二段介绍了火山的两种形状,故选A项。B:火
山的影响;C:火山的活动;D:火山的高度。
3.C 推测词义题。本题题干意为:最后一段中的画线词blow-up最有可能是什么意思?
根据文章最后一段中美国航空航天局用高空照相机拍摄黄石国家公园及Christiansen
看到照片后意识到自己为什么找不到破火山口可知,画线词意为“大照片”。故C项正
确。A:热气球;B:数码相机;D:鸟瞰。
长难句 There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesn't
involve mountain building.然而,还有一种比较不出名的火山,这种火山不涉及造山
运动。
此句是主从复合句。本句主干是There is a second less known type of volcano,句
中含有一个定语从句that doesn't involve mountain building。
Passage 3话题:语言发展 难度:中 词数:294北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
(2018课标全国Ⅰ,C)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of
years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.
When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly
knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each
other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world
had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages
between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become
farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.
In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the
nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially
globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have
caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English,
Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these
languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have
relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones
have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200
languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific
perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.
The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that
half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to
extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random,
Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),
Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in
Australia(one, with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much
chance of survival.
1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A.They developed very fast.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.They were large in number.
C.They had similar patterns.
D.They were closely connected.
2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph
2?
A.Complex. B.Advanced.
C.Powerful. D.Modern.
3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A.About 6,800.
B.About 3,400.
C.About 2,400.
D.About 1,200.
4.What is the main idea of the text?
A.New languages will be created.
B.People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C.Human development results in fewer languages.
D.Geography determines language evolution.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。作者从语言发展历史这一角度论述了人类的发展导致了世
界上语言数量的减少。
1.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:对于采猎者时代的语言,我们可推断出什么?根据第一
段第二句(当世界人口仍然由采猎者构成的时候,小的、联系紧密的群体彼此独立地形成
了自己的讲话模式。)可知答案为B项(它们的数量很大)。A:它们发展得很快;C:它们有
相似的模式;D:它们联系很紧密。
2.C 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:下面哪一项最好地解释了第二段画线词
“dominant”?根据画线词所在句子中的“such as English, Spanish and Chinese
are increasingly taking over”可推知dominant的意思是“占统治地位的,强大
的”,故答案为C项(Powerful)。A:复杂的;B:高级的;D:现代的。
3.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:目前,有多少种语言的使用人数少于6,000?根据第三
段第一句(目前世界上大约有6,800种语言。)和第三段最后一句(……这意味着世界的
语言中有一半的语言,其使用人数不足6,000。)可知,答案为B项(6,800×1/2=3,400)。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
4.C 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:本文的主旨是什么?作者在首段首句介绍了本文的主
题,即语言几千年来一直变化不定,但在最近时期,其数量越来越少。然后进一步解释造
成这种现象的原因是社会的发展,故答案为C项。
高级词块 1.globalisation/ˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/n.全球化 2.distribution/ˌdɪstrɪ
ˈbjuːʃn/n.分布
Passage 4(2016课标全国Ⅱ,B)
Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used
Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about
my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and
said:“Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and
45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”
A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the
class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something
according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something
out of their own imaginations.
Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free
time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part
of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student.
Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I
had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would
infect(感染)other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing
those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would
declare,“But I'm just not creative.”
“Do you dream at night when you're asleep?”
“Oh,sure.”
“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell
something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or
growing three heads.“That's pretty creative. Who does that for you?”
“Nobody. I do it.”北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
“Really—at night, when you're asleep?”
“Sure.”
“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”
1.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to .
A.know more about the students
B.make the lessons more exciting
C.raise the students' interest in art
D.teach the students about toy design
2.What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A.He liked to help his teacher.
B.He preferred to study alone.
C.He was active in class.
D.He was imaginative.
3.What does the underlined word“downside”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Mistake.
B.Drawback.
C.Difficulty.
D.Burden.
4.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?
A.To help them to see their creativity.
B.To find out about their sleeping habits.
C.To help them to improve their memory.
D.To find out about their ways of thinking.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在西雅图一所学校教学的时候为了
更好地了解学生进行了一次小测试,并且有了新的发现。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句中的I used Tinkertoys as a test at the
beginning of a term to find out something about my students可知,作者在学期
开始使用Tinkertoys作为测试是为了了解学生的一些情况,由此判断A项符合题意。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句Here was an exceptionally creative
mind at work.可知,这个孩子在他的作品上极有创造力,由此判断他是有想象力的,故
选D项。
3.B 猜测词义题。根据文章第四段第二句可知,作者鼓励这种思维就有失去那些有不同
风格的思维的学生的危险,因此可判断这种行为有不利的方面,故选择B项。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句中的Try doing it in the daytime可知,作者要
孩子们在白天尝试梦中的想法,由此判断作者让孩子们说出自己的梦的真正目的是让孩
子们看到自己的创造性,故选A项。
Passage 5(2016课标全国Ⅲ,B)
On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided
to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a
comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was
approaching their table.
“Hey, aren't you from Mississippi?”the elegant, white-haired writer
remembered being asked by the stranger.“I'm from Mississippi too.”
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner
partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.
“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,”Welty said.“I didn't
know what my New York friends were thinking.”
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the
group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty's new friends
immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her
hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had
changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).
“My friend said:‘Now we believe your stories,’”Welty added.“And I
said:‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress,
looked pleased with this explanation.
“I don't make them up,”she said of the characters in her fiction these
last 50 or so years.“I don't have to.”北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty's
people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks
through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations
overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given
out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片
断)of a particularly interesting story.
1.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?
A.Two strangers joined her.
B.Her childhood friends came in.
C.A heavy rain ruined the dinner.
D.Some people held a party there.
2.The underlined word“them”in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's .
A.readers B.parties
C.friends D.stories
3.What can we learn about the characters in Welty's fiction?
A.They live in big cities.
B.They are mostly women.
C.They come from real life.
D.They are pleasure seekers.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,讲述了美国著名女作家Eudora Welty 在纽约旅游时的一
次经历。她让朋友相信了她小说中的人物都来源于真实的生活。她善于和各种人交往,从
而使她的小说真实、生动。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段...the woman joined the Welty party. When her
dinner partner showed up...可以得知选A。干扰项为C项,虽然有大雨,但是没有破坏
他们的晚餐,所以排除C选项。
2.D 猜测词义题。根据上文中的Now we believe your stories可以推断出选D。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第八段中的I don't make them up和最后一段,可以推断出她
的小说中的人物来自真实的生活。
Passage 6(2016四川,C)北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain
unusual groups of indigenous(土著的)people. Surprisingly, these people live
largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in
this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民
地)of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the
French law. However, their remote locations mean that the French law is
often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of
“lawlessness”in the world.
The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts
of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015
exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of
the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in
its capital, Cayenne.
“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there
on and off for almost ten years,”says Gin.“I've been able to keep firm
friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their
living environment. I don't see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it
as an area of freedom.”
“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the
uncivilized life,”continues Gin.“I prefer to work in black and white,
which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”
His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These
pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were
unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional
self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern
French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but
also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.
1.Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French
Guiana?
A.They seldom follow the French law.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.They often ignore the Guianese law.
C.They are separated from the modern world.
D.They are both Guianese and French citizens.
2.Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as .
A.a tour guide
B.a geographer
C.a film director
D.a photographer
3.What is Gin's attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?
A.Cautious.
B.Doubtful.
C.Uninterested.
D.Appreciative.
4.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A.The modern French lifestyle.
B.The self-supporting hunting.
C.The uncivilized world.
D.The French Republic.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文,题材为社会生活类。在远离法国本土的圭亚那的热带
雨林深处还有一些法属土著居民。一个巴黎人用自己的黑白镜头记录下了这个部落的人
们的自由生活。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Surprisingly, these people live largely by
their own laws and their own social customs.(让人惊讶的是,这些人很大程度上
根据他们自己的法律和社会习俗生活。)”可推知,他们很少遵守法国法律,故答案为A
项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的a photographic record可知Gin是以一
个摄影师的身份来向人们介绍这些土著居民的,故答案为D项。A项:一个导游;B项:一
个地理学家;C项:一位电影导演。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的描述“我看到的不是一个目无法律的世界,而是一片
自由的乐土。”可推断出摄影师Gin是非常喜欢这个部落的生活的。所以答案为D项。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
cautious小心的,谨慎的;doubtful怀疑的,不确定的;uninterested不感兴趣
的;appreciative 欣赏的,感激的。
4.A 猜测词义题。which引导的是非限制性定语从句,该从句的意思是:伴随着这种生
活方式不但带来了必要的国家福利,而且也带来了酗酒、背叛甚至还带来了自杀。由此推
断出画线的it指的是现代的法国生活方式,所以答案为A项。B项:自给自足的狩猎方式;
C项:未开化的世界;D项:法兰西共和国。
Passage 7(2015课标全国Ⅰ,C)
Salvador Dali(1904—1989)was one of the most popular of modern
artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration
for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing
together over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more.Among the works
and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces,most
importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also L'Enigme sans Fin from
1938,works on paper,objects,and projects for stage and screen and selected
parts from television programmes reflecting the artist's showman qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the
beginning,the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and
subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限).
“From the infinity small to the infinity large,contraction and expansion
coming in and out of focus:amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque
of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,”explains
the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合
作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with
contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in
St.Petersburg,Florida.
1.Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?
A.Optimistic.
B.Productive.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.Generous.
D.Traditional.
2.What is Dali's The Persistence of Memory considered to be?
A.One of his masterworks.
B.A successful screen adaptation.
C.An artistic creation for the stage.
D.One of the best TV programmes.
3.How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?
A.By popularity.
B.By importance.
C.By size and shape.
D.By time and subject.
4.What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph refer to?
A.Artworks. B.Projects.
C.Donations. D.Documents.
答案
[语篇解读] Salvador Dali是最著名的现代艺术家之一,为了对他表示尊敬和钦佩,巴
黎Pompidou中心组织了一次他的作品展。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的with an exhibition bringing together
over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more可知展览的作品种类繁多,由此
可推断出Dali是个“多产的”艺术家。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Among the works and masterworks on
exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces,most importantly The
Persistence of Memory.可知A项正确。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句The exhibition follows a path of time and
subject...可知D项正确。
4.A 猜测词义题。最后一段指出,展出的优秀作品是与其他博物馆合作准备的,包括来
自St.Petersburg的Salvador Dali博物馆的艺术品,故选A项。
高级词块 ①bring together把......收集起来 ②infinity small无穷小
Passage 8(2015北京,C)
Life in the Clear北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light
passes through a window.These animals typically live between the surface of
the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can
reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple
touch.Sonke Johnsen,a scientist in biology,says,“These animals live
through their life alone.They never touch anything unless they're eating
it,or unless something is eating them.”
And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become see-through? It's
trickier than you might think.
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light
typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(散
射) light,bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb
light,stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an
object look different from other objects around it,so you can see it
easily.
But a transparent object doesn't absorb or scatter light,at least not very
much.Light can pass through it without bending or stopping.That means a
transparent object doesn't look very different from the surrounding air or
water.You don't see it—you see the things behind it.
To become transparent,an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or
scattering light.Living materials can stop light because they contain
pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light.But a transparent
animal doesn't have pigments,so its tissues won't absorb light.According to
Johnsen,avoiding absorption is actually easy.The real challenge is
preventing light from scattering.
Animals are built of many different materials—skin,fat,and more—and light
moves through each at a different speed.Every time light moves into a
material with a new speed,it bends and scatters.Transparent animals use
different tricks to fight scattering.Some animals are simply very small or
extremely flat.Without much tissue to scatter light,it is easier to be see-北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
through.Others build a large,clear mass of non-living jelly-like(果冻状
的)material and spread themselves over it.
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge,because they have to
make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as
much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how they're doing it is
still unknown.One thing is clear:for these larger animals,staying
transparent is an active process.When they die,they turn a non-transparent
milky white.
1.According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals .
A.stay in groups
B.can be easily damaged
C.appear only in deep ocean
D.are beautiful creatures
2.The underlined word“dead” in Paragraph 3 means .
A.silently B.gradually
C.regularly D.completely
3.One way for an animal to become transparent is to .
A.change the direction of light travel
B.gather materials to scatter light
C.avoid the absorption of light
D.grow bigger to stop light
4.The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals .
A.move more slowly in deep water
B.stay see-through even after death
C.produce more tissues for their survival
D.take effective action to reduce light spreading
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,介绍了如玻璃般透明的动物。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知B项正确。
2.D 猜测词义题。由Others absorb light可知是完全阻挡了光线的传播。
3.C 推理判断题。由第五段第一句可知C项正确。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话可知D项正确。
Passage 9(2015重庆,D)
There are many places to go on safari(观赏野生动物)in Africa,but riding
a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank
as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys.
Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure,providing
unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have
excellent horses,professional guides and lots of support workers.They have
a reputation for providing a great riding experience.
The morning ride,when the guides take you to beautiful,shallow lakes full
of water lilies,tends to be more active.It is unlike any other riding
experience.With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the
sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face,it is truly
exciting.You are very likely to come across large wild animals,too.On
horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants,giraffes and many
other animals.The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly
though,as does your heart rate,as you move closer to them.
In the evening,rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace,with
golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out
to eat and drink.Sedate though they are,rides at this time of day are still
very impressive.As the sun's rays pass through the dust kicked up by the
horses,the romance of Africa comes to life.
Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and
wine.Looking back on your day,you will find it hard to deny that a
horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of
the wild.
1.What does the underlined word“They”refer to?
A.Flooded waters.
B.Wildlife journeys.
C.Safari camps.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.Unique rides.
2.What does the author find most exciting about a horseback safari?
A.Seeing and feeling the real African life.
B.Enjoying good food and wine at the camp.
C.Hunting large animals just as our ancestors did.
D.Being part of the scene and getting close to animals.
3.What does the underlined word“Sedate”probably mean?
A.Wild and romantic.
B.Slow and peaceful.
C.Hungry and thirsty.
D.Active and excited.
4.The author introduces the riding experience in the Okavango Delta mainly
by .
A.following space order
B.following time order
C.making classifications
D.giving examples
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为观光旅游类。走进非洲,那里有很多可以观赏野生动
物的地方。
1.C 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的Several safari camps operate as the base
for this adventure...和The camps have excellent horses...可以推知,“They”
在这里指的是safari camps。故选C项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的描述可知,融入风景、接近动物是作者认为的观赏
中最令人激动的事情。
3.B 猜测词义题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句In the evening,rides are usually
at a more relaxed and unhurried pace...和第二句Sedate though they are...可
以推知选B项。
4.B 推理判断题。作者按照时间顺序The morning ride;In the evening;Back at
the camp来进行说明。故选B项。
Passage 10(2015四川,D)北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day.But robins are in
danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much.Robins are singing all
night—as well as during the day,British-based researchers say.
David Dominoni,of Glasgow University,said that light from street
lamps,takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological
clocks,leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
Dr Dominoni,who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping
patterns,said lack of sleep could put the birds' health at risk.His study
shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab,it leads to
some genes being active at the wrong time of day.And the more birds are
exposed to light,the more active they are at night.
He told people at a conference,“There have been a couple of studies
suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the
day they are still singing.Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes
energy.So by increasing their song output,there might be some costs of
energy.”
And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial
light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal.Dr Dominoni
said,“In Glasgow where I live,gulls are a serious problem.I have people
coming to me saying‘You are the bird expert.Can you help us kill these
gulls?’.During the breeding(繁殖)season,between April and June,they are
very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep.”
Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution,other research
concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night
to make themselves heard over loud noise.
However,some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments.A study from
California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with
heavy industrial machinery.It is thought that they are capitalising on
their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.
1.According to Dr Dominoni's study, what causes robins to sing so much?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.The breeding season.
B.The light in modern life.
C.The dangerous environment.
D.The noise from heavy machinery.
2.What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output?
A.The environment might be polluted.
B.The birds' health might be damaged.
C.The industry cost might be increased.
D.The people's hearing might be affected.
3.What does the underlined word“nocturnal”in Paragraph 5 mean?
A.Active at night.
B.Inactive at night.
C.Active during the day.
D.Inactive during the day.
4.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?
A.Because there are fewer dangers.
B.Because there is more food to eat.
C.Because there is less light pollution.
D.Because there are more places to take shelter.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为环境保护类。文章主要通过描述知更鸟在人类社会
的光污染下昼夜歌唱,造成体力的严重消耗和睡眠缺乏,这对其寿命构成威胁,也影响到
人类的睡眠环境。我们呼吁社会:给鸟类一个天堂,还人类一份宁静。
1.B 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“light from street lamps, takeaway signs and
homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide
awake when they should be asleep”和第三段最后一句And the more birds are
exposed to light, the more active they are at night.可知答案。
2.B 细节理解题。由文章第三段第一句Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras
inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could
put the birds' health at risk.可知答案。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.A 猜测词义题。由上文可知,知更鸟受到人造灯光的干扰而无法入睡。根据not just
和also的提示,再根据信息句“During the breeding season, between April and
June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't
sleep.”可知,画线词表示“夜间活动的”。故A项正确。
4.A 推理判断题。 由文章最后一段最后一句“It is thought that they are
capitalising on their predators fleeing to quieter areas.”可知,一些鸟类在
嘈杂的环境下兴旺是因为面临的危险少了。故A项正确。
Passage 11(2015江苏,D)
Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom's challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic.We are facing
today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do
with it.
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no
freedom.There were great civilizations,splendid empires,but no freedom
anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,one very powerful man ruling
over helpless masses.
In Greece,in Athens(雅典),a little city in a little country,there were no
helpless masses.And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they
themselves passed,and the unwritten,which must be obeyed if free men live
together.They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities
without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in
the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do
what he wanted.A man was free if he was self-controlled.To make yourself
obey what you approved was freedom.They were saved from looking at their
lives as their own private affair.Each one felt responsible for the welfare
of Athens,not because it was forced on him from the outside,but because the
city was his pride and his safety.The essential belief of the first free
government in the world was liberty for all men who could control
themselves and would take responsibility for the state.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers.It cannot be
discovered once for all.If people do not prize it,and work for it,it will
go.Constant watch is its price.Athens changed.It was a change that took
place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance,a
spiritual change which affected the whole state.It had been the Athenian's
pride and joy to give to their city.That they could get material benefits
from her never entered their minds.There had to be a complete change of
attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her
citizens for doing her work.Now instead of men giving to the state,the
state was to give to them.What the people wanted was a government which
would provide a comfortable life for them;and with this as the primary
object,ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected
to the point of disappearing.Athens was more and more looked on as a
cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a
right to share.
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom
from responsibility.There could be only one result.If men insisted on being
free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common
good,they would cease to be free.Responsibility is the price every man must
pay for freedom.It is to be had on no other terms.Athens,the Athens of
Ancient Greece,refused responsibility;she reached the end of freedom and
was never to have it again.
But,“the excellent becomes the permanent,”Aristotle said.Athens lost
freedom forever,but freedom was not lost forever for the world.A great
American,James Madison,referred to:“The capacity(能力)of mankind for self-
government.”No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek.Athens
was not in the farthest background of his mind,but once man has a great and
good idea,it is never completely lost.The Digital Age cannot destroy
it.Somehow in this or that man's thought such an idea lives though
unconsidered by the world of action.One can never be sure that it is not on北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so
sometime.
1.What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Countries where their people need help.
B.Powerful states with higher civilization.
C.Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.
D.Governments ruled with absolute power.
2.People believing in freedom are those who .
A.regard their life as their own business
B.seek gains as their primary object
C.behave within the laws and value systems
D.treat others with kindness and pity
3.What change in attitude took place in Athens?
A.The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.
B.The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.
C.The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.
D.The Athenians looked on the government as a business.
4.What does the sentence“There could be only one result.”in Paragraph 5
mean?
A.Athens would continue to be free.
B.Athens would cease to have freedom.
C.Freedom would come from responsibility.
D.Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.
5.Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?
A.The author is hopeful about freedom.
B.The author is cautious about self-government.
C.The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.
D.The author is proud of man's capacity.
6.What is the author's understanding of freedom?
A.Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.
B.Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.
C.Freedom should have priority over responsibility.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为社会历史类。在现在的“数字时代”,自由是一个很
严肃的话题。纵观历史,古希腊在2,500年前发现了自由,而且它的自由来源于责任。
1.D 猜测词义题。根据第二段可知,在古希腊发现自由之前,各地都不存在自由。古埃及
和古巴比伦也是没有自由的国家,由“one very powerful man ruling over helpless
masses”可知,一个有强大权力的人统治着无助的群众,故D项正确。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,古希腊人的自由在于自觉遵守已经通过的书面法律
和非书面法律,他们靠“self-controlled”来获取自由,由此可推出信仰自由的人应该
是那些遵守法律和价值体系的人,故选C项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句“...responsibility were neglected to
the point of disappearing.”可知A项正确。
4.B 猜测词义题。根据本段中的“If men insisted on being free from the
burden...they would cease to be free.”可知选B。
5.A 推理判断题。作者以这两个人说的话来告诉读者,雅典永远失去了自由,但是全世
界的自由并没有永远失去,人类一旦有了一个好的主意,数字时代就不会毁掉它,它会永
远存在。由最后一句可知,谁也说不准什么时候采取行动,但是毫无疑问总会在某个时间
这样做的。综合来看,作者以此来表明自己对自由充满了希望。
6.D 推理判断题。概括全文可以看出,作者认为真正的自由依赖自我承担责任,依靠自
我约束。故D项正确。
Passage 12(2015湖南,B)
In its early history,Chicago had floods frequently,especially in the
spring,making the streets so muddy that people,horses,and carts got
stuck.An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this:A
man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street.Asked if he needs
help,he replies,“No,thanks.I've got a good horse under me.”
The city planners decided to build an underground drainage(排水)system,but
there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground
level and the water level.The only two options were to lower the Chicago
River or raise the city.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice
but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.This
raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12 feet.
This of course created a new problem:dirt practically buried the first
floors of every building in Chicago.Building owners were faced with a
choice:either change the first floors of their buildings into basements,and
the second stories into main floors,or hoist the entire buildings to meet
the new street level.Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly
easily.But what about large,heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel,which
was a six-story brick building?
That's where George Pullman came in.He had developed some house-moving
skills successfully.To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel,Pullman
would place thousands of jackscrews(螺旋千斤顶)beneath the building's
foundation.One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10
jackscrews.At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same
amount at the same time,thereby raising the building slowly and
evenly.Astonishingly,the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire
operation,and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening.
Some people like to say that every problem has a solution.But in Chicago's
early history,every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem.Now
that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago
River,the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.
1.The author mentions the joke to show .
A.horses were fairly useful in Chicago
B.Chicago's streets were extremely muddy
C.Chicago was very dangerous in the spring
D.the Chicago people were particularly humorous
2.The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to .
A.get rid of the street dirt
B.lower the Chicago River北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.fight against heavy floods
D.build the pipes above ground
3.The underlined word“hoist”in Paragraph 4 means“ ”.
A.change
B.lift
C.repair
D.decorate
4.What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?
A.It went on smoothly as intended.
B.It interrupted the business of the hotel.
C.It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.
D.It separated the building from its foundation.
5.The passage is mainly about early Chicago's .
A.popular life styles and their influences
B.environmental disasters and their causes
C.engineering problems and their solutions
D.successful businessmen and their achievements
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为历史与建筑。在历史上芝加哥常常发洪水,这使得街
道非常泥泞。城市规划者就这一问题采取了诸多措施。
1.B 推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知在历史上芝加哥常常发洪水尤其是在春天,这使
得街道非常泥泞以至于行人及马和马车陷入泥里。这一则笑话是用来说明芝加哥街道的
泥泞的,故选B项。
2.D 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“...Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city
that...to build the pipes above ground...”可知,D项正确。
3.B 猜测词义题。由画线词后一句“Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted
fairly easily.”可知,hoist与lift为同义词,故B项正确。
4.A 细节理解题。由倒数第二段内容可知A项正确。
5.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,这篇文章讲述的是芝加哥的工程问题及其解决方案。
故选C项。
Passage 13(2015广东,D)北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class
distinction.Each class had unique characteristics.
In recent years,many writers have begun to speak of the‘decline of
class’and ‘classless society’in Britain.And in modern day consumer
society everyone is considered to be middle class.
But pronouncing the death of class is too early.A recent wide-ranging study
of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a
particular class;73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of
British society;and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class
differences.Thus,class may not be culturally and politically obvious,yet it
remains an important part of British society.Britain seems to have a love
of stratification.
One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent.The
words a person speaks tell her or his class.A study of British accents
during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was
viewed as the most attractive voice.Most people said this accent
sounded‘educated’and‘soft’.The accents placed at the bottom in this
study,on the other hand,were regional(地区的)city accents.These accents
were seen as‘common’and‘ugly’.However,a similar study of British
accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional
accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least.This suggests
that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on
class prejudice.
In recent years,however,young upper middle-class people in London,have
begun to adopt some regional accents,in order to hide their class
origins.This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed.However,the 1995
pop song‘Common People’puts forward the view that though a middle-class
person may ‘want to live like common people'they can never appreciate the
reality of a working-class life.
1.A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain .北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.it is time to end class distinction
B.most people belong to middle class
C.it is easy to recognize a person's class
D.people regard themselves socially different
2.The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
A.variety
B.division
C.authority
D.qualification
3.The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as .
A.regional
B.educated
C.prejudiced
D.unattractive
4.British attitudes towards accent .
A.have a long tradition
B.are based on regional status
C.are shared by the Americans
D.have changed in recent years
5.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.The middle class is expanding.
B.A person's accent reflects his class.
C.Class is a key part of British society.
D.Each class has unique characteristics.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类。曾经人们认为英国阶级等级森严,但这
一现象到现在是否已经发生变化了呢?本文就英国现在的阶级观念和现状作了介绍和说
明。
1.D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句的“A recent wide-ranging study of
public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a
particular class”可知答案。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.B 猜测词义题。根据文章第三段最后两句“Thus,class may not be culturally
and politically obvious,yet it remains an important part of British
society.Britain seems to have a love of stratification.”可以推测英国人似乎
喜欢阶级的这种“分层”。
评析 解答猜测词义题的关键在于从上下文的理解中寻找线索,对语境的把握非常重要。
本题中variety会造成干扰,部分学生会认为是社会的“多样性”,但对于“阶级”,更
应该是划分成若干个不同的“层次”。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段倒数第二句“However,a similar study of
British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some
regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least.”可知
答案。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句“This suggests that British
attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class
prejudice.”可以推断出英国人对口音的态度由来已久。
5.C 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是英国阶级制度的现状,阶级等级在英国仍然体现得
很明显。故答案为C项。
Passage 14(2015福建,B)
Papa,as a son of a dirt-poor farmer,left school early and went to work
in a factory,for education was for the rich then.So,the world became his
school.With great interest,he read everything he could lay his hands
on,listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny
hometown.“There's so much to learn,”he'd say.“Though we're born
stupid,only the stupid remain that way.”He was determined that none of his
children would be denied(拒绝)an education.
Thus,Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day.Though,as
children,we thought this was crazy,it would never have occurred to us to
deny Papa a request.And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had
learned.We would talk about the news of the day;no matter how
insignificant,it was never taken lightly.Papa would listen carefully and
was ready with some comment,always to the point.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Then came the moment—the time to share the day's new learning.
Papa,at the head of the table,would push back his chair and pour a glass of
red wine,ready to listen.
“Felice,”he'd say,“tell me what you learned today.”
“I learned that the population of Nepal is...”
Silence.
Papa was thinking about what was said,as if the salvation(拯救)of the world
would depend upon it.“The population of Nepal.Hmm.Well...”he'd say.“Get
the map;let's see where Nepal is.”And the whole family went on a search
for Nepal.
This same experience was repeated until each family member had a
turn.Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half
a dozen such facts.
As children,we thought very little about these educational wonders.Our
family,however,was growing together,sharing experiences and participating
in one another's education.And by looking at us,listening to us,respecting
our input,affirming(肯定)our value,giving us a sense of dignity,Papa was
unquestionably our most influential teacher.
Later during my training as a future teacher,I studied with some of the
most famous educators.They were imparting(传授)what Papa had known all
along—the value of continual learning.His technique has served me well all
my life.Not a single day has been wasted,though I can never tell when
knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful.
1.What do we know from the first paragraph?
A.The author's father was born in a worker's family.
B.Those born stupid could not change their life.
C.The town elders wanted to learn about the world.
D.The poor could hardly afford school education.
2.The underlined word“it”in the second paragraph refers to“ ”.
A.one new thing
B.a request北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.the news
D.some comment
3.It can be learned from the passage that the author .
A.enjoyed talking about news
B.knew very well about Nepal
C.felt regret about those wasted days
D.appreciated his father's educational technique
4.What is the greatest value of“dinner time”to the author?
A.Continual learning.
B.Showing talents.
C.Family get-together.
D.Winning Papa's approval.
5.The author's father can be best described as .
A.an educator expert at training future teachers
B.a parent insistent on his children's education
C.a participant willing to share his knowledge
D.a teacher strict about everything his students did
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为学习教育类。文章记叙了在父亲的引领下,我们这些
穷孩子不断学习、日有所获。全家人相互学习,共同进步。
1.D 细节理解题。由首段首句可知,穷人承担不起学校教育的费用。故选D项。
2.C 猜测词义题。由第二段倒数第二句中We would talk about the news of the
day可知it指代的是the news,故选C项。
3.D 细节理解题。由尾段第二句They were imparting what Papa had known all
along—the value of continual learning.可知答案为D项。
4.A 推理判断题。由第二段第三句至倒数第三段的内容以及尾段第二句可推断出答案
为A项。
5.B 推理判断题。由本文内容可推断出父亲是一个坚持教育自己孩子的家长,故选B项。
Passage 15(2014课标全国Ⅰ,B)北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in
unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries
described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.
It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point,there
were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40
percent of the total bird population in the United States,making it perhaps
the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers
had already become smaller,a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320
miles(about 515 kilometers)long was seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly,the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where
the birds were most abundant,people believed there was an ever-lasting
supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them
to small clearings with grain,waited until pigeons had settled to feed,then
threw large nets over them,taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped
to large cities and sold in restaurants.
By the closing decades of the 19th century,the hardwood forests where
passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for wood,which
scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north,where
cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the
great flocks were gone,never to be seen again.
In 1897,the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of
passenger pigeons,but by then,no sizable flocks had been seen in the state
for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot
by a boy in Pike County,Ohio,in 1900.For a time,a few birds survived under
human care.The last of them,known affectionately as Martha,died at the
Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.
1.In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons .
A.were the biggest bird in the world
B.lived mainly in the south of America
C.did great harm to the natural environment北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.were the largest bird population in the US
2.The underlined word “undoing”probably refers to the pigeons' .
A.escape
B.ruin
C.liberation
D.evolution
3.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?
A.To seek pleasure.
B.To save other birds.
C.To make money.
D.To protect crops.
4.What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?
A.It was ignored by the public.
B.It was declared too late.
C.It was unfair.
D.It was strict.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为环境与自然类。曾几何时在美国蔚蓝的天空飞翔着
一种鸟,这种鸟可能是当时美国数量最多的鸟类——旅鸽。但是后来这种鸟的数量急剧
减少,最终于1914年9月1日灭绝了。到底发生了什么事呢?这些鸟去哪儿了呢?
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话可知当时这种鸟的数量占美国全部鸟类数量的
24%到40%,可能是世界上最多的鸟,由此推断它是当时美国数量最多的鸟类,所以答案为
D项。没有提及它们是世界上最大的鸟类,排除A项;也没有提及它们主要生活在美国的
南部,排除B项;更没有提及它们给环境带来了巨大的危害,排除C项。
2.B 猜测词义题。根据后面的描述可知人们大量捕捉这种鸟,把它们卖到饭店。由此推
断出这种鸟的数量众多给它们带来了灾难。所以答案为B项。escape逃跑,避开;ruin衰
落的原因,祸根;liberation解放;evolution进化,发展。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句话The birds were shipped to large
cities and sold in restaurants.可知人们主要是为了钱才大量捕杀这种鸟的,所以
答案为C项。其他三项文中均未提及。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述可知尽管密歇根州于1897年通过了禁止捕杀旅
鸽的法律,但是在此之前的10年里人们已经没有见过有一定规模的鸟群飞过密歇根州
了。由此推断出该法律颁布得太晚了,所以答案为B项。其他三项文中均未提及。
Passage 16(2014北京,D)
Store Scent(香味)
What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop?The products
displayed(展示)at the entrance?Or the soft background music?
But have you ever noticed the smell?Unless it is bad,the answer is likely
to be no.But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding compared with
sights and sounds,it is certainly there.And it is proving to be an
increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.
A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats
through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance,via scent machines.A
smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air.One
sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into
its stores,customers' intention to purchase increased by 80 percent.
When it comes to the best shopping streets in Paris,scent is just as
important to a brand's success as the quality of its window displays and
goods on sale.That is mainly because shopping is a very different
experience to what it used to be.
Some years ago,the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with
sales assistants' disproving attitude and don't-touch-what-you-can't-afford
displays.Now the rise of electronic commerce(e-commerce)has opened up
famous brands to a wider audience.But while e-shops can use sights and
sounds,only bricks-and-mortar stores(实体店)can offer a full experience
from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they
leave.Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop,but rather a
destination.And scent is just one way to achieve this.
Now,a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft
scent of baby powder floats through the kid department,and coconut(椰北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
子)scent in the swimsuit section.A department store has even opened a new
lab,inviting customers on a journey into the store's windows to smell
books,pots and drawers,in search of their perfect scent.
1.According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the
success of some brand stores?
A.Friendly assistants.
B.Unique scents.
C.Soft background music.
D.Attractive window display.
2.E-shops are mentioned in the passage to .
A.show the advantages of bricks-and-mortar stores
B.urge shop assistants to change their attitude
C.push stores to use sights and sounds
D.introduce the rise of e-commerce
3.The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means .
A.a platform that exhibits goods
B.a spot where travelers like to stay
C.a place where customers love to go
D.a target that a store expects to meet
4.The main purpose of the passage is to .
A.compare and evaluate
B.examine and assess
C.argue and discuss
D.inform and explain
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为社会文化。文章告诉我们商店都是有它们独特的气
味的,这种气味可以让顾客更加喜欢在商店购物。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句和第四句“But while a shop's scent may
not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds,it is certainly there.
And it is proving to be an increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people
to purchase.”可知本题选择B项。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.A 推理判断题。文章第五段第三句“But while e-shops can use sights and
sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores(实体店) can offer a full experience
from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave.”
指出实体店相对于网店更能给顾客提供全方位的体验,目的是体现实体店的优势,故选
择A项。
3.C 猜测词义题。整篇文章都在说商店中的味道可以让顾客喜欢这个商店并促进购
物,destination所在句的前半句中也提到品牌店希望自己不只是个商店,因此可以推断
destination是顾客愿意去的地方,故选择C项。
4.D 主旨大意题。本文为说明文,作者告诉我们商店里的味道在人们购物时也很重要,
并对此进行了解释,因此选择D项inform and explain告知并解释。A:对比并评价;B:
测试并评估;C:争论并讨论。
Passage 17(2014福建,A)
It was Mother's Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our
local supermarket with my five-year-old son,Tenyson.As we were leaving,we
found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the
entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.Her husband was with her,but
there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in
shock.
Walking towards the scene,Tenyson became very upset about what had happened
to the couple.He said to me,“Mum,it's not much fun falling over in front
of everyone.”
At the front of the supermarket,a charity(慈善)group had set up a stand
selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds.Tenyson suggested that
we should buy the lady a flower.“It will make her feel better,”he said.I
was amazed that he'd come up with this sweet idea.So we went over to the
flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer
her up.“Just take it,”she replied.“I can't take your money for such a
wonderful gesture.”北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
By now paramedics(急救人员)had arrived,and were attending to the injured
woman.As we walked up to her,my son became intimidated by all the blood and
medical equipment.He said he was just too scared to go up to her.
Instead I gave the flower to the woman's husband and told him,“My son was
very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her
feel better.”
At that,the old man started crying and said,“Thank you so much,you have a
wonderful son.Happy Mother's Day to you.”
The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower,telling her who it was
from.Though badly hurt and shaken,the old lady looked up at Tenyson with
love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.
1.What does the author intend to tell us?
A.One can never be too careful.
B.Actions speak louder than words.
C.Love begins with a little smile.
D.A small act of kindness brings a great joy.
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.The elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson.
B.Tenyson's idea of buying a flower gained his mother's support.
C.Tenyson's care for the elderly woman puzzled the flower seller.
D.The elderly woman was moved to tears by Tenyson's gesture.
3.The underlined word“intimidated”in the fourth paragraph probably
means“ ”.
A.astonished
B.struck
C.frightened
D.excited
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Flower Power
B.Mother's Day
C.An Accidental Injury北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.An Embarrassing Moment
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。本文讲述了在一个母亲节的早上,作者
和五岁的儿子Tenyson到超市购物时,看见一位老太太跌倒并受伤流血,儿子主动提出
买花送给老太太,让她感觉更好的故事。
1.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的the old man started crying...及最后一段
中的the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a
little smile可以推断送花事虽小,但给受伤的老太太及其丈夫带来了无限的感动。所
以正确答案为D项。
2.B 细节理解题。Tenyson向妈妈提出要送老太太一朵花,妈妈带他去买并送给了老太
太,可以知道Tenyson的想法得到了妈妈的支持,故答案为B项。
3.C 猜测词义题。根据第四段最后一句...he was just too scared to go up...可以
推断儿子“害怕”鲜血和医疗设备。astonished吃惊的;struck被打击的;frightened
害怕的;excited激动的。故答案为C项。
4.A 主旨大意题。最后两段升华文章的主题:Tenyson送花一事感动了老太太和她的丈
夫,所以“鲜花的力量”更能体现文章主题,故答案为A项。
Passage 18(2013辽宁,D)
“Indeed,”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785,“some kind of
fly,or bug,had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.”But the father
of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that,Englishmen
had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century,and Americans
had already created lightning-bug(萤火虫).But the English were soon to stop
using the bugs in their language,leaving it to the Americans to call a bug
a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The American bug could also be a person,referring to someone who was crazy
about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term,sports fans
used to be called racing bugs,baseball bugs,and the like.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object,for example,a bug-shaped
car.The bug could also be a burglar alarm,from which comes the expression
to bug,that is,“to install(安装)an alarm”.Now it means a small piece of北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
equipment that people use for listening secretly to others'
conversations.Since the 1840s,to bug has long meant “to cheat”,and since
the 1940s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.That
meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs
as“little problems and difficulties”that required months of study and
labor to overcome in developing a successful product.In 1889 it was
recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering‘a
bug’in his invented record player.”
1.We learn from Paragraph 1 that .
A.Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug
B.George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug
C.the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth
century
D.both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century
2.What does the word“flaw”in the last paragraph probably mean?
A.Explanation. B.Finding.
C.Origin. D.Fault.
3.The passage is mainly concerned with .
A.the misunderstanding of the word bug
B.the development of the word bug
C.the public views of the word bug
D.the special characteristics of the word bug
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为社会文化,主要介绍了bug这一单词词义的发展过
程。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,在18世纪美国人和英国人都使用bug这一单词,故
选D项。
2.D 猜测词义题。根据下文“In 1878 he explained bugs...to overcome in
developing a successful product”可推断flaw的意思可能是“缺陷,毛病,问题”,
故选D。explanation解释;finding调查发现;origin起源,由来。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知答案为B。
Passage 19(2013山东,D)
Sparrow is a fast-food chain with 200 restaurants.Some years ago,the
group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company.Although
Sparrow showed no sign of declining,the chain was generally in an unhealthy
state.With more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market,the Sparrow
menu had to struggle for attention.And to make matters worse,its new owner
had no plans to give it the funds it required.
Sparrow failed to grow for another two years,until a new CEO,Carl
Pearson,decided to build up its market share.He did a survey,which showed
that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive
about the chain,while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to
turn away from them.Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.
Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand.The chain's
owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy's restaurants.Pearson
resisted,arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers
that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun.Such an attempt to establish a
positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual
for that time.Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to
success,rather than customers' spending power.Finally,the owner accepted
his idea.
The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-
food industry.The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured
original songs performed by a variety of stars.Instead of showing the
superiority of a specific product,the intention was to put Sparrow in the
hearts of potential customers.
Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the
new Sparrow image.For example,he offered to lower the rent of any
restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover(营业额).北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
These efforts paid off,and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful
fast-food chains in the regions where it operated.
1.Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?
A.The number of its customers was declining.
B.Its customers found the food unhealthy.
C.It was in need of financial support.
D.Most of its restaurants were closed.
2.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Customers of Sparrow restaurants.
B.Sparrow restaurants.
C.Customers of other fast-food chains.
D.Other fast-food chains.
3.For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?
A.To build a good relationship with the public.
B.To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow.
C.To learn about customers' spending power.
D.To meet the challenge from Marcy's restaurants.
4.The TV ads of Sparrow .
A.changed people's views on pop stars
B.amused the public with original songs
C.focused on the superiority of its products
D.influenced the eating habits of the audience
5.What was Pearson's achievement as a CEO?
A.He managed to pay off Sparrow's debts.
B.He made Sparrow much more competitive.
C.He helped Sparrow take over a company.
D.He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材是计划与愿望实现类。快餐连锁店Sparrow遇到了前
所未有的困难,在此危难关头新的CEO Pearson 用自己独特的经营理念拯救了它,使它
一跃成为最成功的快餐连锁店之一。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话:而更糟糕的是它的新老板没有计划投入饭店
所需要的资金,故选C项。第一段描述的就是在Pearson成为新的CEO前的情况,根据no
sign of declining排除A项;B、D两项该段没有提及。
2.D 猜测词义题。该句表达:那些在Sparrow消费过的顾客对其充满积极支持的态度,
而那些其他快餐店的顾客也不愿意离开它们。也就是other fast-food chains,故选D
项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第三段的第三、四句话可知这次广告活动的目的就是为了和大众
建立良好的关系,故选A项。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的and featured original songs performed by可知
这次广告是靠原唱歌曲来取悦大众的,故选B项。
5.B 推理判断题。最后一段总结:这些努力得到了回报,Sparrow连锁店很快成了它的
运作地区最成功的快餐连锁店之一。由此我们推断出新的CEO使得Sparrow具有了非常
强的竞争力,故选B项。
长难句 He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used
Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while
customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them.
他做了一项调查,调查表明那些已经在Sparrow饭店消费过的顾客对该连锁店持有非常
积极乐观的态度,而那些其他连锁店的顾客不愿意离开它们。
which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词survey。while在此处是连词,意为:而,却,表
示前后的对比。
Passage 20(2013四川,E)
Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head,according to a
study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the
chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a
sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩)and
pumping blood around their bodies,compared with the point when the
heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is
able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event,depending on
which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said:“Our study
shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is
different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our
heart.”
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they
were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said,“The study showed
that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when
it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't
see—and guide whether we see fear.”
To further understand this relationship,the scientists also used a brain
scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a
person's feeling of fear.
“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and
brain‘speak'to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear,”Dr
Garfinkel said.
“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with
and ways that it could be reduced,we may be able to develop more successful
treatments for anxiety disorders,and also for those who may be suffering
from serious stress disorder.”
1.What is the finding of the study?
A.One's heart affects how he feels fear.
B.Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.
C.Fear has something to do with one's health.
D.One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
2.The study was carried out by analyzing .
A.volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B.the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
C.volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain
scans
D.different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain
communication北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism”in Paragraph
6?
A.Order. B.System.
C.Machine. D.Treatment.
4.This study may contribute to .
A.treating anxiety and stress better
B.explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C.finding the key to the heart-brain communication
D.understanding different fears in our hearts and heads
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为科普知识。文章介绍了恐惧与心脏之间的关系,尤其
是心脏在收缩时人们对恐惧的反应。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句可知A项正确,心脏影响人们对恐惧的反应。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第四、五段可知C项正确。
3.B 猜测词义题。句意:我们已经发现了一个重要的 ,通过它心脏和大脑可以对
话从而改变我们的感觉并减少恐惧。可以猜测出此词应为“系统”,故选B。
4.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知A项正确。
Passage 21(2013重庆,D)
Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean,an
S-shaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.The Atlantic has,in
a sense,replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western
civilization.Unlike real inland seas,which seem strangely still,the
Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.It is perhaps not surprising that
its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.
“Storm at Sea”,a short poem written around 700,is generally regarded as
one of mankind's earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.
When the wind is from the west
All the waves that cannot rest
To the east must thunder on
Where the bright tree of the sun
Is rooted in the ocean's breast.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
As the poem suggests,the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean
that moves,impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise—it is
forever thundering,boiling,crashing,and whistling.
It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath—perhaps not so
noticeably out in mid-ocean,but where it meets land,its waters bathing up
and down a sandy beach.It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing
of a living creature.It is filled with symbiotic
existences,too;unimaginable quantities of creatures,little and large
alike,mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony,giving to the
waters a feeling of heartbeat,a kind of sub-ocean vitality.And it has a
psychology.It has personalities:sometimes peaceful and pleasant,on rare
occasions rough and wild;always it is strong and striking.
1.Unlike real inland seas, the Atlantic Ocean is .
A.always energetic
B.lacking in liveliness
C.shaped like a square
D.favored by ancient poets
2.What is the purpose of using the poem“Storm at Sea”in the passage?
A.To describe the movement of the waves.
B.To show the strength of the storm.
C.To represent the power of the ocean.
D.To prove the vastness of the sea.
3.What does the underlined word“symbiotic”mean?
A.Living together.
B.Growing fast.
C.Moving harmoniously.
D.Breathing peacefully.
4.In the last paragraph, the Atlantic is compared to .
A.a beautiful and poetic place
B.a flesh and blood person
C.a wonderful world北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.a lovely animal
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为地理环境介绍,说明了大西洋富有力量、和谐和多变
的自然特点。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness可知
大西洋充满了活力,故选A项。
2.C 推理判断题。第一段说明了大西洋富有活力的特点后,作者通过一首古诗印证,接
着用一句话对诗歌进行了总结:As the poem suggests,the Atlantic is never dead
and dull.由此可判断作者引用诗歌的目的是展现大西洋的力量,故选C项。
3.A 猜测词义题。根据下文的描述可知在大西洋生活的大量生物和谐共处,由此可推断
symbiotic的意思为“共生的”,故选A项。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的关键词psychology,personalities可知作者把大
西洋比喻成了一个有血有肉有情感的人,故选B项。
题组二 短语和句子类
Passage 1(2020江苏,C) 词数 401
For those who can stomac h i t, working out before breakfast may be more
beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal
timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects
performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and
exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10
overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles
are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They
tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic(新陈代谢的)rates and took
samples(样品)of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man
walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his
body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty
stomach after a long overnight fast(禁食). On the other occasion, they ate
a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional
samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most
obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their
workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a
result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when
they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more
calories(卡路里),on average, during the workout after breakfast than after
fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the
most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved
differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking.
Many of these genes produce proteins(蛋白质)that can improve blood sugar
regulation and insulin(胰岛素)levels throughout the body and so are
associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more
active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had
breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health
benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.
1.The underlined expression“stomach it”in Paragraph 1 most probably means
“ ”.
A.digest the meal easily
B.manage without breakfast
C.decide wisely what to eat
D.eat whatever is offered
2.Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?
A.Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.Their lack of exercise led to overweight.
C.They could walk at an average speed.
D.They had slow metabolic rates.
3.What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?
A.They successfully lost weight.
B.They consumed a bit more calories.
C.They burned more fat on average.
D.They displayed higher insulin levels.
4.What could be learned from the research?
A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容为体育健康。文章
讲述了进食时间、锻炼和健康这三者之间的关系。本文旨在培养学生探究某一未知领域
的科学精神。
1.B 推测词义题。本题题干意为:第一段中画线短语“stomach it”的意思最可能是
。由第一段第一句“对于那些能忍受不吃早饭的人而言,早饭前锻炼可能要比吃了早饭
锻炼对健康更有好处”可知,B项“没吃早饭”正确。A:更容易消化食物;C:明智地决定
吃什么; D:有什么吃什么。
2.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么这十个人被选去做实验?根据第三段的whose
lifestyles are,...representative of those of most of us可知,无论好坏,这十个
人的生活方式代表着我们大多数人的生活方式。故A项“他们的生活方式在普通人中很
典型”正确。 B:他们缺乏锻炼导致超重; C:他们能以平均速度走路;D:他们新陈代谢速
率低。
3.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:锻炼前吃了早饭的那些人会发生什么?根据第六段中
的On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories...可知,吃了早饭锻炼
的人燃烧了稍微多一点的卡路里。故答案为B项“他们消耗了更多一点的卡路里”。 A:
他们成功地减重了; C:他们平均燃烧了更多的脂肪; D:他们显露出更高的胰岛素水平。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
4.D 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:从这项研究中可以获知什么?从文中最后一段中的to
gain the greatest health benefits...it may be wise to skip eating first可知,
为了从锻炼中获得最大的健康好处,不进食锻炼是明智的。故选D项“早饭前(进行)体
育锻炼对身体健康会更好”。A:早饭后锻炼提升基因表现; B:过多的锻炼会减缓新陈代
谢速率;C:生活方式不如晨练重要。
长难句 The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest
health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.这些结果
表明,为了从锻炼中获得最大的健康好处,先不吃饭是明智的。
本句是一个主从复合句,that引导表语从句。从句中的主语是形式主语it,真正的主语
是动词不定式to skip eating first,to gain the greatest health benefits from
exercise是动词不定式作目的状语。
Passage 2(2019天津,D)话题:终身学习 难度:中 词数:435
Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of
his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A
war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been
in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a
book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than
350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don
Quixote(《堂吉诃德》). And the story poses an interesting question:why do
some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days,
while others go to seed long before?
We've all known people who ru n ou t o f stea m before they reach life's
halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We
can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on
growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all
too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We
succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing
to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We
learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity.
We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to
love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will
know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can
achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than
our own little egos(自我),whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work,
or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate(视……等同于)“commitment”with such “caring”occupations
as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is
in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence—
whether they are driving a truck, or running a store—make the world better
just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most
valuable lesson.
1.The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that .
A.loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B.age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C.misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D.disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
2.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.End one's struggle for liberty.
B.Waste one's energy taking risks.
C.Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D.Lose the interest to continue learning.
3.What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A.Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B.Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C.Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
4.What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?
A.A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B.A wise man can live without self-pity.
C.A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D.A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
5.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A.To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B.To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C.To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D.To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为终身学习。文章通过
塞万提斯创作《堂吉诃德》的例子,阐述了“活到老、学到老”的重要性,唯有学习才能觅
得良机,唯有学习才能找到生活的意义。本文侧重于培养学生的学习能力。
1.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:文章以塞万提斯的故事开头是为了说明 。根据
第一段可知,塞万提斯历经磨难,在53岁时才开始写《堂吉诃德》,根据第二段最后一句
可知,塞万提斯的故事引出了一个有趣的问题:为什么有些人在生命晚年发现新的生命
力和创造性,而其他人则在很久之前就失去活力了?由此可见B项符合题意,意为“年龄
并不是实现个人目标的障碍”。
2.D 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第三段中画线部分的意思可能是什么?根据第三段最
后一句“I'm talking about people who have stoppe d learnin g on growing...”
可知,作者谈到的是停止学习的人,故D项“失去继续学习的兴趣”符合题意。
3.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第四段中我们可以推断出什么?由本段内容可知,我
们在某个领域取得成功后就会被困在里面,从而失去了好奇心。由最后一句“But, if
w e ar e willin g t o lear n, the opportunities are everywhere.”可知,但是如果我
们愿意学习,机会便无处不在,故C项(机会青睐那些有好奇心的人)为正确答案。
4.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:在第五段中作者想告诉我们什么?第五段首句指出
“我们在成熟期所学习的东西很少涉及信息和技能”,结合下文中的三句话“We learn
to...We learn to...We learn that...”可知,本段主要说明了我们应该学习的东西,北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
故D项符合本段内容,意为“一个人应该学习应对生活的适当方式”。A:坚强的人可以
忍受苦难;B:明智的人生活中没有自怜;C:一个人应该尽力让周围的人满意。
5.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者写本文的目的是什么?由全文可知,作者通过塞万
提斯创作《堂吉诃德》的例子阐述了学习的重要性,学习让机会无处不在,学习让生活有
意义,由此可知A项(就如何过上有意义的成年生活提供指导)符合作者的写作目的。
高级词块 1.vitality/vаɪˈtæləti/ n.活力;生命力 2.specialization/ˌspeʃəlаɪ
ˈzeɪʃn/ n.专业 3.moral/ˈmɒrəl/ adj. 道德的
长难句 I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing
because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too
often come with passing years.我所谈的是那些成长过程中已经停止学习的人,因为
他们已经持有往往是随着时间的流逝而采取的顽固的态度和观点。
本句中who引导定语从句,because引导原因状语从句,从句中that引导定语从句,先行
词为the fixed attitudes and opinions。
Passage 3(2018江苏,B) 词数 322
In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享
有)a special meat soup called consommé. Although the main attraction was
the soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which
helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.
Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about
restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat:diners served
themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates
matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate
rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.
Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness,
they couldn't tell how much they'd had:those given extra-large shares ate
more than everyone else, but were non e th e wise r—they didn't feel fuller,
and they were just as ready for dessert.
Time is money, but that principle means different things for different
types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer
customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
and order that extra round: put on some Mozart (莫扎特). When classical,
rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried
diners out. Particular scents also have an effect:diners who got the scent
of lavender (薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled
lemon, or no scent.
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending
—“bad”tables, crowding, high prices—don't necessarily. Diners at bad
tables—next to the kitchen door, say—spent nearly as much as others but
soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly
concerned about ‘bad’tables,”given that they're profitable. As for
crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's
reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet's
price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
1.The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in paragraph 3 most probably
implies that the customers were .
A.not aware of eating more than usual
B.not willing to share food with others
C.not conscious of the food quality
D.not fond of the food provided
2.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?
A.Playing classical music.
B.Introducing lemon scent.
C.Making the light brighter.
D.Using plates of larger size.
3.What does the last paragraph talk about?
A.Tips to attract more customers.
B.Problems restaurants are faced with.
C.Ways to improve restaurants' reputation.
D.Common misunderstandings about restaurants.
答案北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。现在大量的研究发现颜色的搭配、光线、音乐、气味都
会影响顾客在餐馆的消费。
1.A 推测词义题。画线短语前提到“在光线暗的地方吃饭,顾客无法判断已经吃了多少
东西。被给了超大份食物的顾客会比其他人吃得多”, 画线短语后提到“他们并没有感
觉到吃得更饱”,再根据连词but的提示可推断,画线短语的意思为“没有意识到比平
常吃得更多”,故选A项。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,和快餐店不同,好的饭店更愿意顾客能待久一
些并进行消费;鼓励顾客留下来多点餐的方法之一是播放莫扎特的音乐。故选A项。
3.D 主旨要义题。分析最后一段可知,本段第一句是本段主题句。你可能以为会导致顾
客减少消费的一些因素——不好的餐桌位置、拥挤的环境和价格高——都未必是对的。
接着对此进行解释,故选D项。
长难句 As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a
restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices.至于说顾客多,
香港的一项研究发现顾客多能够提升一家餐馆的声誉,说明这家餐馆的饭菜价格合理,
食物品质好。
本句的主干为a Hong Kong study found that...。句中that引导宾语从句,现在分词
短语suggesting...作伴随状语。
Passage 4(2017天津,C)话题:自主驾驶 难度:中 词数:330
This month, Germany's transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed
the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would
define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in
crashes where lives might be lost.
The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the“death valley”of
autonomous vehicles:the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully
driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.
Dobrindt wants three things:that a car always chooses property(财产)damage
over personal injury;that it never distinguishes between humans based on
age or race;and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving
wheel—to check email, say—the car's maker is responsible if there is a
crash.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic
driving,”says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal
legal footing to human drivers, he says.
Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among
car makers, consumers and lawyers.“The liability(法律责任)issue is the
biggest one of them all,”says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds,
UK.
An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier
this year, insists that a human“be watchful and monitoring the road”at
every moment.
But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless
cars.“When you say‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless
cars,”Merat says.“You know—no driver.”
Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until
vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.
Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than
vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That
is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless
vehicles are being launched.
That would go down poorly in the US, however.“The idea that the government
would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get
absolutely nowhere here,”says Calo.
1.What does the phrase“death valley”in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.A place where cars often break down.
B.A case where passing a law is impossible.
C.An area where no driving is permitted.
D.A situation where drivers' role is not clear.
2.The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to .
A.stop people from breaking traffic rules
B.help promote fully automatic driving
C.protect drivers of all ages and races北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.prevent serious property damage
3.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?
A.It should get the attention of insurance companies.
B.It should be the main concern of law makers.
C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.
D.It should involve no human responsibility.
4.Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in .
A.Singapore
B.the UK
C.the US
D.Germany
5.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Autonomous Driving:Whose Liability?
B.Fully Automatic Cars:A New Breakthrough
C.Autonomous Vehicles:Driver Removed!
D.Driverless Cars:Root of Road Accidents
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,题材为社科类。本文介绍了德国交通部部长
Alexander Dobrindt提出的一系列有关自主驾驶车辆的法规。
1.D 猜测词义题。根据第一段第二句和第二段的内容可知,“They would define the
driver's role”的目的是处理“death valley”,故可推知“death valley”是一种
司机的角色不明确的状况,故选D。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段可知,由Dobrindt提出的这项建议旨在帮助促进全自动
驾驶。故选B。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第七段中的“You know—no driver.”和第八段中的“until
vehicles can be fully automated without human operation”可知,消费者担心的
是人的责任问题,故选D。
4.C 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“That would go down poorly in the US”可知选
C。
5.A 主旨大意题。本文主要探讨无人驾驶技术在推广过程中遇到的困难,即难以界定法
律责任的主体,故选A。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
高级词块 1.autonomous/ɔːˈtɒnəməs/adj. 自主的 2.distinguish/dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/v.
区别; 辨认出 3.insurance/ɪnˈʃʊərəns/n. 保险, 保险业 4.launch/lɔːntʃ/v.上市;
发动
Passage 5(2017江苏,B)
Red-backed fairy wrens(鹪鹩),which live in northern and eastern Australia, lay three or four eggs at a time.
Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and
voices. They can even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a
female stranger. But When it comes to embryonic learning(胎教), birds could
rul e th e roos t. As recently reported in The Auk:Ornithological Advances,
some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵
化). New-born chicks can then imitate their mom's call within a few days of
entering the world.
This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a
biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues.
Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over
and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched,the
baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as
their regular“feed me!”call.
To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the
researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian
songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in
Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by
analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly
compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.
It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like
their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
more similar were the babies' begging calls. In addition, the team set up a
separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely
imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.
This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal
neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary
inference can then be drawn.“As a parent, do you invest in quality
children, or do you invest in children that are in need?”Kleindorfer
asks.“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”
1.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“ ”.
A.be the worst
B.be the best
C.be just as bad
D.be just as good
2.What are Kleindorfer's findings based on?
A.Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.
B.The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.
C.The data collected from Queensland's locals.
D.Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.
3.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which
.
A.can receive quality signals
B.are in need of training
C.fit the environment better
D.make the loudest call
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇科普类说明文。我们都知道母亲在怀孕期间对小宝宝进行胎教,
但是你知道鸟类也会给自己还未孵化出的小宝宝进行胎教吗?请看澳大利亚生物学家的
研究成果吧。
1.B 猜测词义题。根据画线部分后面的描述:一些鸟类在小鸟孵化出来前就开始教它们
唱歌了,小鸟孵化出来后几天就能模仿自己母亲的叫声。由此推断出小鸟在这方面做得
最棒,所以答案为B项。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的最后一句话可知,他们把雏鸟的叫声和母亲的叫声进
行对比,根据相似度进行排名,由此可知他们的发现是以母亲和雏鸟叫声的相似度为依
据的,所以答案为A项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知答案为C项。
高考热词 distinguish vt.区分;辨别;分清 imitate vt.模仿 widespread adj.
分布广的;普遍的;广泛的 identify vt.确认;认出;鉴定
长难句
原句:In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that
the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded
with the most food.
分析:本句为主从复合句。主句部分是the team set up a separate experiment,第一
个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词experiment;第二个that引导宾语从句;第三个that
引导定语从句,修饰先行词the baby birds。
译文:此外,这个团队还设置了一个独立的实验。实验表明那些模仿母亲叫声最像的雏鸟
会被奖赏最多的食物。
Passage 6(2017江苏,D)
Old Problem, New Approaches
While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming
will continue for some decades after CO emissions(排放) peak. So even if
2
emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the
challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter
and more creative examples of climate adaptation.
When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate
change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new
standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in
part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “ Ther e i s n o
‘ one-siz e fit s al l ’ adaptation .”Nevertheless, there are some actions
that offer much and carry little risk or cost.
Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in
some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only
disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve
as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with
solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating
floating connectivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he
is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how
to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the
wet season.
Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang
Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the
Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents
an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive
in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel's inspiration came
from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He
directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was
stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed
irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel
calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3 of water. Climate change is a
continuing process, so Norphel's ice reserves will not last forever.
Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which
the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.
Increasing Earth's reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain
the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space) has
changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While
Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses
have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities.
By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already
fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain
peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has
included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”.
More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of
mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the
land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining
rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many
countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by
growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some
suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that
we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to
adapt, it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.
Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both
ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is
surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After
all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many
others.
1.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies .
A.adaptation is an ever-changing process
B.the cost of adaptation varies with time
C.global warming affects adaptation forms
D.adaptation to climate change is challenging
2.What is special with regard to Rezwan's project?
A.The project receives government support.
B.Different organizations work with each other.
C.His organization makes the best of a bad situation.
D.The project connects flooded roads and highways.
3.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?
A.Storing ice for future use.
B.Protecting the glaciers from melting.
C.Changing the irrigation time.
D.Postponing the melting of the glaciers.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
4.What do we learn from the Peru example?
A.White paint is usually safe for buildings.
B.The global warming trend cannot be stopped.
C.This country is heating up too quickly.
D.Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.
5.According to the author, polluting industries should .
A.adapt to carbon pollution
B.plant highly profitable crops
C.leave carbon emission alone
D.fight against carbon pollution
6.What's the author's preferred solution to global warming?
A.Setting up a new standard.
B.Reducing carbon emission.
C.Adapting to climate change.
D.Monitoring polluting industries.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为环境问题类。话题为“老问题,新方法”——适应我
们所面临的严峻的气候环境,而且要意识到环境的改变和适应环境是一个过程。
1.A 猜测词义题。根据第二段主题句 When it comes to adaptation,it is
important to understand that climate change is a process. 可知气候的改变是
一个不断变化的过程。再结合后面几段给出的事例可知,适应也是一个不断变化的过程,
由此可推断出画线部分意为adaptation is an ever-changing process,故答案为A项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where
others saw only disaster.及后面的描述可知他的非营利组织在充分利用糟糕的环境,
故正确答案为C项。本题干扰项为D项,由第三段第五句Rezwan is creating floating
connectivity to replace flooded roads and highways.可知D项错误。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段第六句He directed the wasted water into shallow
basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.可知A项正确。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第六段首句In Peru, local farmers around a mountain
with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added
reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.可推断出答案为D。
5.D 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的When the polluting industries argue that
we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to
adapt, it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.可推
知D项为正确答案。
6.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句But the most sensible form of adaptation
is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.可知最
明智的适应应该是改变我们的能量体系以减少碳排放污染,故B项正确。
高级词块 ①adaptation n.适应 ②adapt to适应 ③fundamental adj.基本的,
根本的
长难句 When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to
control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it's a nonsense
designed to make the case for business as usual.当污染企业辩解说我们已经在
控制碳污染的战斗中失败并且别无选择只好适应它时,这是惯用的为了商业利益而设计
好的胡说八道的伎俩。
本句为复合句。when引导的时间状语从句中,that引导的宾语从句作动词argue的宾语;
it's a nonsense...为主句,其中designed为过去分词作后置定语修饰名词nonsense。
Passage 7(2015课标全国Ⅱ,A)
My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to
buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money
for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn't fit.I let a
salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day
later,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five
dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got
it home that I would keep it on until stations signe d of f for the
night.Fortunately,I didn't get any channels showing all-night movies or I
would never have gotten to bed.
Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静
电)noise.For some reason,when certain shows switched into a commercial,a北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
loud noise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually,this noise began to
appear during a show,and to get rid of it,I had to change to another
channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work,and
I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began
to build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set.
When neither of these methods removed the static noise,I would sit
helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the
set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair
shop cost me $62,and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more
trouble.
1.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?
A.He got an older model than he had expected.
B.He couldn't return it when it was broken.
C.He could have bought it at a lower price.
D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.
2.Which of the following can best replace the phrase“signed off”in
Paragraph 1?
A.ended all their programs
B.provided fewer channels
C.changed to commercials
D.showed all-night movies
3.How did the author finally get his TV set working again?
A.By shaking and hitting it.
B.By turning it on and off.
C.By switching channels.
D.By having it repaired.
4.How does the author sound when telling the story?
A.Curious. B.Anxious.
C.Cautious. D.Humorous.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文作者以幽默的口吻介绍了自己购买彩电后遇到的种种麻烦。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中“I realized this a day later...at seventy-five
dollars less than I had paid.”可知,作者之所以认为被愚弄买了电视机,是因为一
天后他在看报纸的广告时得知自己多花了75美元。故选C。
2.A 猜测词义题。根据第一段最后一句“Fortunately,I didn't get any channels
showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.”可知,画线短
语的意思为“结束所有的电视节目”。故选A。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话可知,最后作者不得不到维修店去修理电视机,
让其重新工作。故选D。
评析 本题虽然属于细节理解题,但如果考生不注意审题,未抓住“finally”和“get
his TV set working again”这两处关键内容,则容易误选A。
4.D 推理判断题。根据文章中多处细节及最后一句中“but I keep expecting more
trouble”可判断作者以幽默的口吻叙述了自己购买彩电后遇到的种种麻烦。故选D。
Passage 8(2015浙江,D)
In 2004,when my daughter Becky was ten,she and my husband,Joe,were
united in their desire for a dog.As for me,I shared none of their canine
lust.
But why,they pleaded.“Because I don't have time to take care of a
dog.”But we'll do it.“Really?You're going to walk the dog?Feed the dog?
Bathe the dog?”Yes,yes,and yes.“I don't believe you.”We will.We promise.
They didn't.From day two(everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first
day),neither thought to walk the dog.While I was slow to accept that I
would be the one to keep track of her shots,to schedule her vet
appointments,to feed and clean her,Misty knew this on day one.As she looked
up at the three new humans in her life(small,medium,and large),she
calculated, “ Th e mediu m on e i s th e sucke r i n th e pack . ”
Quickly,she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld(心
灵融合).She'd look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers,beam her need,
and then wait,trusting I would understand—which,strangely,I almost always
did.In no time,she became my fifth appendage(附肢),snoring on my home-北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
office couch as I worked,cradling against my feet as I read,and splaying
across my stomach as I watched television.
Even so,part of me continued to resent walking duty.Joe and Becky had
promised.Not fair,I'd balk(不心甘情愿地做)silently as she and I
walked.“Not fair,”I'd loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return
home.
Then one day—January 1,2007,to be exact—my husband's doctor uttered an
unthinkable word:leukemia(白血病).With that, I spent eight to ten hours a
day with Joe in the hospital,doing anything and everything I could to ease
his discomfort.During those six months of hospitalizations,Becky,12 at the
time,adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from
school.My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment's notice
for medical emergencies.Every part of my life changed;no part of my old
routine remained.
Save one:Misty still needed walking.At the beginning,when friends offered
to take her through her paces,I declined because I knew they had their own
households to deal with.
As the months went by,I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk
Misty.The walk in the morning before I headed to the hospital was a
quiet,peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day's
medical drama unfolded.The evening walk was a time to shake off the day's
upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise.
When serious illness visits your household,it's not just your daily routine
and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar.Pretty
much everyone you know acts differently.
Not Misty.Take her for a walk,and she had no interest in Joe's blood counts
or bone marrow test results.On the street or in the park,she had only one
thing on her mind:squirrels!She was so joyous that even on the worst
days,she could make me smile.On a daily basis,she reminded me that life
goes on.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
After Joe died in 2009,Misty slept on his pillow.
I'm grateful—to a point.The truth is,after years of balking,I've come to
enjoy my walks with Misty.As I watch her chase after a squirrel,throwing
her whole being into the here-and-now of an exercise that has never once
ended in victory,she reminds me,too,that no matter how harsh the present or
unpredictable the future,there's almost always some measure of joy to be
extracted from the moment.
1.Why didn't the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story?
A.She was afraid the dog would get the family into trouble.
B.It would be her business to take care of the dog.
C.Her husband and daughter were united as one.
D.She didn't want to spoil her daughter.
2.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to“The medium one is
the sucker in the pack.”(Paragraph 3)?
A.“The middle-aged person loves me most.”
B.“The medium-sized woman is the hostess.”
C.“The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”
D.“The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”
3.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that .
A.Misty was quite clever
B.Misty could solve math problems
C.the writer was a slow learner
D.no one walked Misty the first day
4.The story came to its turning point when .
A.Joe died in 2009
B.Joe fell ill in 2007
C.the writer began to walk the dog
D.the dog tried to please the writer
5.Why did the writer continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital?
A.Misty couldn't live without her.
B.Her friends didn't offer any help.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.
D.She didn't want Misty to be others' companion.
6.What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage?
A.One should learn to enjoy hard times.
B.A disaster can change everything in life.
C.Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead.
D.People will change their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为个人情感类。文章叙述了作者的丈夫和女儿有一个
共同的愿望——养一只宠物狗。不过作者的丈夫和女儿在第一天照顾宠物狗之后,照顾
它的担子就落到了作者身上。后来作者的丈夫患白血病,在人生最困难的日子,Misty的
陪伴给了作者心灵的安慰。
1.B 推理判断题。在文章第二段中作者的丈夫和女儿乞求作者让他们养一只宠物狗。作
者讲到因为自己没有时间照顾宠物狗。由此可推断作者不同意养狗的原因为B项。
2.D 猜测词义题。根据第三段最后一句与后文的描述可知此题答案为D。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句与第四句可知A项为正确答案。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第六段第一句和最后一句可知答案为B。
5.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第五段可知选C。
6.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知C项为正确答案。
Passage 9(2015陕西,D)
Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down
their school grades.Other forms of parenta l involvemen t,including
volunteering at school and observing a child's class,also fail to
help,according to the most recent study on the topic.
The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女)where
schools expect them to act as partners in their children's
education.Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school
on time,fed,dressed and ready to learn.
Keith Robinson,the author of the study,said,“I really don't know if the
public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in
their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
performance.One of the things that was consistently negative was parents'
help with homework.”Robinson suggested that may be because parents
themselves struggle to understand the tasks.“They may either not remember
the material their kids are studying now,or in some cases never learnt it
themselves,but they're still offering advice.”
Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the
most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for
poor marks.In general,about 20% of parental involvement was positive,about
45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.
Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved
because“children with good academic success do have involved
parents”,admitted Robinson.But he argued that this did not prove parental
involvement was the root cause of that success.“A big surprise was that
Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly
involved.They took a more reasonable approach,conveying to their children
how success at school could improve their lives.”
1.The underlined expression“parental involvement”in Paragraph 1 probably
means .
A.parents' expectation on children's health
B.parents' participation in children's education
C.parents' control over children's life
D.parents' plan for children' future
2.What is the major finding of Robinson's study?
A.Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.
B.Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging.
C.Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.
D.Parents are not able to help with children's homework.
3.The example of Asian-American parents implies that parents should .
A.help children realize the importance of schooling
B.set a specific life goal for their children
C.spend more time improving their own lives北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.take a more active part in school management
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为学校教育类。主要对父母参与孩子的学习活动所产
生的影响进行了论述。
1.B 猜测词义题。根据第一段中的关键信息“父母帮助孩子做作业”和“Other
forms”可推测画线短语应是“父母参与孩子的学习活动”这一含义。故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。通读全文可知,Robinson的研究发现:父母参与孩子的学习活动并没
有像原先认为的那样起作用。故选C。
3.A 推理判断题。最后一段第二句话Robinson提出自己的观点:父母参与孩子的学习
活动不是他们获得成功的根本原因。然后列举了亚裔美国人几乎不直接参与孩子学习活
动的例子来证明自己的观点。亚裔美国人主要是让孩子意识到学业的成功对他们改善未
来生活的重要性。故选A。
Passage 10(2015安徽,D)
There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide.Each
individual(个体的)ant hardly weighs anything,but put together they weigh
roughly the same as all of mankind.They also live nearly everywhere,except
on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.For animals their size,ants
have been astonishingly successful,largely due to their wonderful social
behavior.
In colonies(群体)that range in size from a few hundred to tens of
millions,they organize their lives with a clear division of labor.Even more
amazing is how they achieve this level of organization.Where we use sound
and sight to communicate,ants depend primarily on pheromones(外激
素),chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow
members of their colony.When an ant finds food,it produces a pheromone that
will lead others straight to where the food is.When an individual ant comes
under attack or is dying,it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony
to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.
In fact,when it comes to the art of war,ants have no equal.They are
completely fearless and will readily tak e o n a creature much larger than北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
themselves,attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.Such is
their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants
but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner,these little creatures have
survived on Earth for more than 140 million years,far longer than
dinosaurs.Because they think as one,they have a collective(集体
的)intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.
1.We can learn from the passage that ants are .
A.not willing to share food
B.not found around the poles
C.more successful than all other animals
D.too many to achieve any level of organization
2.Ants can use pheromones for .
A.escape
B.communication
C.warning enemies
D.arranging labor
3.What does the underlined expression“take on”in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Accept. B.Employ.
C.Play with. D.Fight against.
4.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants?
A.Their behavior.
B.Their size.
C.Their number.
D.Their weight.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,题材为科普知识类。介绍了蚂蚁的分布、数量、大小及
行为特点。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句话可知,除了寒冷的山顶和两极附近,蚂蚁几
乎无处不在。故选B。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,蚂蚁主要依靠外激素向同伴传递信息。故选B。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.D 猜测词义题。根据下文attacking in large groups and overcoming their
target可知画线短语的意思为“反抗,与……战斗”。故选D。
评析 借助上下文,抓住关键词是解决此类问题的常用方法。本题只要抓住attacking
和overcoming这两个提示词就能很快锁定正确答案。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话可知,由于无私和忠诚的行为特点,这些小生
物已在地球上存在了1.4亿多年。故选A。
Passage 11(2014课标全国Ⅱ,C)
One of the latest trends(趋势) in American childcare is Chinese au
pairs.Au Pair in Stamford,Conn.,for example,has got increasing numbers of
requests for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4,000 since 2004.And
that's true all across the country.
“I thought it would be very useful for him to learn Chinese at an early
age,”Joseph Stocke,the managing director of a company,says of his 2-year-
old son.“I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language
in the future.”After only six months of being cared for by a 25-year-old
woman from China,the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily
expressions,his dad says.
Li Drake,a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an
American husband,had another reason for looking for an au pair from
China:She didn't want her children to miss out on their roots.“Because I
am Chinese,my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触)
the language and culture,” she says.
“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting
in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn,a professor in language education of
children.“But parents must understand that just one year with an au pair
is unlikely to produce wonders.Complete mastery demands continued learning
until the age of 10 or 12.”
The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the
increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Chinese.It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to
rise in the next few years.
1.What does the term “au pair” in the text mean?
A.A mother raising her children on her own.
B.A child learning a foreign language at home.
C.A professor in language education of children.
D.A young foreign woman taking care of children.
2.Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them .
A.to live in China some day
B.to speak the language at home
C.to catch up with other children
D.to learn about the Chinese culture
3.What can we infer from the text?
A.Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America.
B.Educated women do better in looking after children.
C.Chinese au pairs need to improve their English skills.
D.Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材是社会文化类。在美国开始盛行雇用中国换工互惠生
来照看孩子,因为越来越多的父母希望孩子可以尽早学习汉语。
1.D 猜测词义题。根据第二段可知,Joseph Stocke让一名来自中国的25岁女性照看他
的儿子,希望对儿子未来的汉语学习有所帮助。由此推断,au pair指的是D项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中to keep exposed to(接触)the language
and culture可知选D。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句...by the increasing numbers of American
parents who want their children to learn Chinese.可推断出,学习汉语在美国越
来越流行。
Passage 12(2014辽宁,C)
Would it surprise you to learn that,like animals,trees communicate with
each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of
us ever imagined.Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing
for survival of the fittest,Simard shows just how wrong he was.In fact, th e
opposit e i s tru e:trees survive through their co-operation and
support,passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.
Nitrogen(氮)and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi(真
菌)networks,making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give
and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy.This hidden
system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons(神经元)in our
brains,and when one tree is destroyed,it affects all.
Simard talks about “mother trees”,usually the largest and oldest plants
on which all other trees depend.She explains how dying trees pass on the
wealth to the next generation,transporting important minerals to young
trees so they may continue to grow.When humans cut down “mother trees”
with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies”or the networks
on which they feed,we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire
forest.
“We didn't take any notice of it,”Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move
nutrition into the young trees before dying,but we never give them
chance.”If we could put across the message to the forestry industry,we
could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts
for the future.
1.The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably
means that trees .
A.compete for survival
B.protect their own wealth
C.depend on each other
D.provide support for dying trees
2.“Mother trees” are extremely important because they .
A.look the largest in size in the forest北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.pass on nutrition to young trees
C.seem more likely to be cut down by humans
D.know more about the complex“tree societies”
3.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to .
A.how “tree societies” work
B.how trees grow old
C.how forestry industry develops
D.how young trees survive
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Old Trees Communicate Like Humans
B.Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection
C.Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think
D.Trees Contribute To Our Society
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。本文介绍了森林里的树木是如何互相
依赖而生存的。
1.C 猜测词义题。画线句子的前一句“...that trees are competing for survival
of the fittest,...”指出树木为了生存互相竞争,画线句子认为这一观点的对立面才
是正确的:树木之间是互相依赖和支持的关系。因此本题选择C项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句“...how dying trees pass on the wealth
to the next generation,transporting important minerals to young trees...”
和第五段第二句“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before
dying...”可以看出本题应选择B项。
3.A 猜测词义题。倒数第二、三段一直在围绕着树木之间如何相互依靠、互相传递养料
进行说明,因此it指的是:群体树木之间是如何相互作用的,故答案为A项。
4.C 主旨大意题。本文围绕树木这个群体是如何通过相互依靠来生存的进行了解释说
明,A项中的old trees和B项中的young trees都偏离了主题,故排除。文章只描述了
树木本身这个群体,并没有强调树木为人类社会作出的贡献,因此排除D项。C项中的
awesome(令人惊叹的)是对树木如何生存做出的一个很高的评价,故选择C项。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
[温馨提示] 1.Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for
survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was.虽然查尔斯·达
尔文认为树木因适者生存而竞争,但是Simard表明他是非常错误的。
2.the forest ecological system森林生态系统
3.If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could
make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the
future.如果我们把这些信息告诉林业行业,我们可以对未来环保的努力产生巨大影响。
put...across(to...):communicate or convey(one's ideas, feelings, etc.)(to
sb.)沟通或传达(思想、感情等)。又如:
He doesn't know how to put himself across at interviews.他不知道在面试时怎
样把自己的意思讲清楚。
She's very good at putting her ideas across.她非常善于表达思想。
Passage 13(2014江西,D)
Everyone looks forward to progress,whether in one's personal life or in
the general society.Progress indicates a person's ability to change the way
he is living at the moment.Progress must lead to a better life and a better
way of doing things.All these,however,remain true only in so far as people
want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more
efficient ways of doing things.
However,at the back of the minds of many people,especially those who miss
the “good old days”, efficienc y come s wit h a pric e.When communication
becomes more efficient,people are able to contact one another no matter
where they are and at whatever time they wish to.The click of a button
allows people miles apart to talk or see each other without even leaving
their homes.With the communication gadgets,such as mobile phones and
iPads,people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally.A
personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in
the person's presence for as long as the visit lasts.We cannot
unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
With efficiency also comes mass production.Such is the nature of factories
and the success of industrialization today.Factories have improved
efficiency.Unskillful tasks are left to machines and products are better
made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have
done.However,with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the
personal touch when making these products.For example,many handicrafts(手工
艺品)are now produced in a factory.Although this means that supply is
better able to increase demand,now that the supply is quick and
efficient,the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality
of the handicraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item.
Nevertheless,we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from
one point of view.In fact,progress has allowed tradition to keep up.It is
only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old
products can be brought back to their old state.New technology is required
for old products to stay old.
It is people's attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence
that technology has on society.Technology is flexible.There is no fixed way
of making use of it.Everything depends on people's attitude.The worst
effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their
attitudes and views of society.When we accept progress and adapt it to suit
our needs,a new “past” is created.
1.According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are
willing to .
A.live a better life
B.look for better methods
C.change ways of living
D.accept technology and advance steadily
2.The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to .
A.tools
B.messages北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.barriers
D.skills
3.The author explains “efficiency comes with a price” by .
A.describing a process
B.using examples
C.following time order
D.making classification
4.Compared with home-made handicrafts,machine-made products .
A.lack great accuracy
B.lack the personal touch
C.are of high value
D.are quite welcome
5.What can be learned about technology from Paragraph 4?
A.It can destroy old traditions.
B.It can lead to social progress.
C.It can be used to correct mistakes.
D.It can be used to preserve old products.
6.What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A.Progress can suit the needs of daily life.
B.People review the past with great regret.
C.Technology should be introduced in a fixed way.
D.People's attitude decides the use of technology.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为社会生活类。众所周知,人类在追求进步,每个人都
向往进步。人们通过找到更新的、更有效的做事方式来接受日新月异的科技,然后稳步前
进,这样才能拥有更美好的生活。然而,我们应该从不同角度看待所谓的有效性。人们对
进步所持的态度直接决定了科技的利用效果。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段的All these,however,remain true only in so far
as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and
more efficient ways of doing things.可知,此题正确答案为D。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.A 猜测词义题。画线词后面列举了手机和平板电脑,可以判断communication
gadgets 指代交流工具,因此正确答案为A。
3.B 推理判断题。此处表示:对于那些怀念“曾经的美好日子”的人来说,效率与代价
并存。下文举例说明两种不同沟通方式带来的弊端和好处。因此正确答案为B项。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第三段的However,with the improvements in efficiency
also comes th e los s o f th e persona l touc h when making these products.可知,
随着效率的改进,机器在加工产品的同时,也使得这些产品出现了个人风格的缺失。由此
可见,B项是正确的。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第四段的In fact,progress has allowed tradition to keep
up.It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many
old products can be brought back to their old state.New technology is
required for old products to stay old.可知D项正确。
6.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的It is people's attitude towards progress
that causes the type of influence that technology has on society.可知D项是
正确的。
Passage 14(2014江苏,B)
However wealthy we may be,we can never find enough hours in the day to
do everything we want.Economics deals with this problem through the concept
of opportunity cost,which simply refers to whether someone's time or money
could be better spent on something else.
Every hour of our time has a value.For every hour we work at one job we
could quite easily be doing another,or be sleeping or watching a film.Each
of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely,what they cost us
in missed opportunities.
Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and
it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium.Why
not,you might reason,watch the game from home and use the leftover money
and time to have dinner with friends?This—the alternative use of your cash
and time—is the opportunity cost.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
For economists,every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—
in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up.By knowing
precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on,you ought
to be able to make better-informed,more reasonable decisions.Consider that
most famous economic rule of all:there's no such thing as a free lunch.Even
if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free,the time you will spend
in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone
opportunities.
Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely
discouraging:imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your
time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or
enjoyable.Yet,in a sense it's human nature to do precisely that—we assess
the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.
In the business world,a popular phrase is “value for money.”People want
their cash to go as far as possible.However,another is fast obtaining an
advantage:“value for time.”The biggest restriction on our resources is
the number of hours we can devote to something,so we look to maximize the
return we get on our investment of time.By reading this passage you are
giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other
activities,such as sleeping and eating.In return,however,this passage will
help you to think like an economist,closely considering the opportunity
cost of each of your decisions.
1.According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied
to .
A.making more money
B.taking more opportunities
C.reducing missed opportunities
D.weighing the choice of opportunities
2.The “leftover...time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time .
A.spared for watching the match at home北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.taken to have dinner with friends
C.spent on the way to and from the match
D.saved from not going to watch the match
3.What are forgone opportunities?
A.Opportunities you forget in decision-making.
B.Opportunities you give up for better ones.
C.Opportunities you miss accidentally.
D.Opportunities you make up for.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文属于说明文,题材为技巧指导。文章主要介绍了如何更好地支配自己
的时间和金钱以及如何在做决定时考虑花费的机会成本。
1.D 猜测词义题。根据文章第三段最后一句话可知,opportunity cost的意思就是对
你金钱和时间的选择使用。由此可推断opportunity cost和“对机会选择的权衡”有
关。故选D项。
2.C 推理判断题。上文提到你打算去体育场观看一场足球比赛,但门票太昂贵,而且从
家到体育场的往返时间要花费几个小时。然后提到“为什么不在家里看比赛,而把剩余
的时间和金钱用来和朋友共进晚餐呢?”由此可推断“leftover...time”指的就是从
家到体育场的往返时间。故选C项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知,即使有人带你出去享用免费的午餐,而从
forgone opportunities的角度来看你却要付出花费时间的代价。再结合第二句“通过
准确了解你会得到什么和你会错失什么获利的机会,你应该能够作出更明智的选择”可
推断forgone opportunities指的就是那些为了获得更好的机会而放弃的机会。
[温馨提示] 1.Economics deals with this problem through the concept of
opportunity cost,which simply refers to whether someone's time or money
could be better spent on something else.经济学使用机会成本这一概念解决了这
种问题。所谓机会成本就是一个人的时间或金钱是否可以更好地花在其他事情上。
2.For economists,every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo
—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up.对于经济学家来说,
为了实施一项计划,当涉及金钱和快乐时,他们的每项决定都是在明白必须放弃什么的
情况下作出的。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Passage 15(2014广东,B)
It was a cold winter day.A woman drove up to the Rainbow Bridge
tollbooth(收费站).“I'm paying for myself,and for the six cars behind
me,”she said with a smile,handing over seven tickets.One after another,the
next six drivers arriving at the tollbooth were informed,“Some lady up
ahead already paid your fare.”
It turned out that the woman,Natalie Smith,had read something on a friend's
refrigerator:“Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty.”The
phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down.
Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase on a warehouse wall far away from
home.When it stayed on her mind for days,she gave up and drove all the way
back to copy it down.“I thought it was beautiful,”she said,explaining why
she'd taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters,“like a message
from above.”Her husband,Frank,liked the phrase so much that he put it up
on the classroom wall for his students,one of whom was the daughter of
Alice Johnson,a local news reporter.Alice put it in the newspaper,admitting
that though she liked it,she didn't know where it came from or what it
really meant.
Two days later,Alice got a call from Anne Herbert,a woman living in
Marin.It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of
paper,after turning it around in her mind for days.
“Here's the idea,”Anne says.“Anything you think there should be more
of,do it randomly.”Her fantasies include painting the classrooms of shabby
schools,leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town,and
giving money secretly to a proud old lady.Anne says,“ Kindnes s ca n buil d o n
itsel f a s muc h a s violenc e can .”
The acts of random kindness spread.If you were one of those drivers who
found your fare paid,who knows what you might have been inspired to do for
someone else later.Like all great events,kindness begins slowly,with every
single act.Let it be yours!北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.Why did Natalie Smith pay for the six cars behind her?
A.She knew the car drivers well.
B.She wanted to show kindness.
C.She hoped to please others.
D.She had seven tickets.
2.Judy Foreman copied down the phrase because she .
A.thought it was beautifully written
B.wanted to know what it really meant
C.decided to write it on a warehouse wall
D.wanted her husband to put it up in the classroom
3.Who came up with the phrase according to the passage?
A.Judy Foreman.
B.Natalie Smith.
C.Alice Johnson.
D.Anne Herbert.
4.Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to the underlined
sentence above?
A.Kindness and violence can change the world.
B.Kindness and violence can affect one's behavior.
C.Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves.
D.Kindness and violence can shape one's character.
5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.People should practice random kindness to those in need.
B.People who receive kindness are likely to offer it to others.
C.People should practice random kindness to strangers they meet.
D.People who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the giver.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文,题材为生活哲理类。文章讲述一位妇女曾在朋友的冰箱上
看到一句警句,从而有感而发。她在收费站为素不相识的其他六名司机支付费用,这个故
事告诉我们,勿以善小而不为。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.B 推理判断题。由文章第二段第一句It turned out that the woman, Natalie
Smith, had read something on a friend's refrigerator:“Practice random
kindness and senseless acts of beauty.”可知,Natalie Smith为她后面的六辆车
付费的原因就是她想行善。故选B。
2.A 细节理解题。从第三段第三句“I thought it was beautiful,”she said...可
知选A。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the
phrase down on a piece of paper...可知,那句警句最先由Anne Herbert想出。故选
D项。
4.C 猜测词义题。画线句中的build on与C项中的reproduce对应,故本题选C项。
5.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知当一个人获得别人的帮助时,他很有可能会
将这样的善举传递给其他人,故选B项。D项干扰性较强,pay it back to the giver与
原文意思不符。
Passage 16(2014天津,D)
People aren't walking any more—if they can figure out a way to avoid
it.
I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail
a small parcel.The journey is a matter of 281 steps.But I used the car.And
I wasn't in any hurry,either.I had merely become one more victim of a
national sickness:motorosis.
It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的),for I was
bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs.At that time,we
regarded 25 miles as a good day's walk and the ability to cover such a
distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill.It did not occur to
us that walking was a hardship.And the effect was lasting.When I was 45
years old I raced—and beat—a teenage football player the 168 steps up the
Statue of Liberty.
Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for
the heart.But a well-known British physician,Sir Adolphe Abrahams,pointed
out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise.A person who北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises
regularly.And walking is an ideal form of exercise—the most familiar and
natural of all.
It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot.The
man walking can learn the trees,flowers,insects,birds and animals,the
significance of seasons,the very feel of himself as a living creature in a
living world.He cannot learn in a car.
The car is a convenient means of transport,but we have made it our way of
life.Many people don't dare to approach Nature any more;to them the world
they were born to enjoy is all threat.To them security is a stee l rive r
thundering on a concrete road.And much of their thinking takes place while
waiting for the traffic light to turn green.
I say that the green of forests is the mind's best light.And none but the
man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.
1.What is the national sickness?
A.Walking too much.
B.Traveling too much.
C.Driving cars too much.
D.Climbing stairs too much.
2.What was life like when the author was young?
A.People usually went around on foot.
B.People often walked 25 miles a day.
C.People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.
D.People considered a ten-hour walk as a hardship.
3.The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that .
A.middle-aged people like getting back to nature
B.walking in nature helps enrich one's mind
C.people need regular exercise to keep fit
D.going on foot prevents heart disease
4.What is compared to“a steel river”in Paragraph 6?
A.A queue of cars.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.A ray of traffic light.
C.A flash of lightning.
D.A stream of people.
5.What is the author's intention of writing this passage?
A.To tell people to reflect more on life.
B.To recommend people to give up driving.
C.To advise people to do outdoor activities.
D.To encourage people to return to walking.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文,题材为生活热点。步行可以使我们更好地了解自然和自我,
这一点是开车所无法带来的。
1.C 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句I had merely become one more victim of a
national sickness:motorosis.可知,国民的通病就是开车太多。
2.A 细节理解题。由第三段中for I was bred in the tradition of going to
places on my own two legs可知,作者小时候的传统就是无论去哪里都靠两条腿,故选
择A项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第五段的描述可知,步行可以使人更好地了解自然界和自我。由
此可推断作者引用Henry Thoreau的例子就是为了证明步行能丰富人的思维。故选B。
4.A 猜测词义题。由画线词后面的内容“thundering on a concrete road在混凝土
路面上轰隆隆地移动”可猜测出,作者在这里把a steel river比作川流不息的车队。
5.D 主旨大意题。文章最后一段告诉我们,绿色可以净化人的心灵,步行者可以判断什
么是基本和永恒的东西。由此可判断作者的写作目的是鼓励我们多步行。故选D。
[温馨提示]
1.The journey is a matter of 281 steps.距离至多有281步。
a matter of:not more than 不多于,至多。又如:
I'll be back in a matter of hours.用不了几小时我就回来。
2.To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road.对于他们
来说,安全就是在混凝土路面上轰隆隆作响的“钢铁巨流”。
Passage 17(2013课标全国Ⅱ,C)北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Given that many people's moods(情绪)are regulated by the chemical
action of chocolate,it was probably only a matter of time before somebody
made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine.Looking
like a setting from the film Charlie & the Chocolate Factory,Singapore's
Chocolate Research Facility(CRF)has over 100 varieties of chocolates.Its
founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents' corner store with one hand
almost always in the jar of sweets.
If the CRF seems to be a smart idea,that's because Lee is not merely a
seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has
business relations with big names such as Levi's and Sony.That idea surely
results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different
flavored(味道)chocolates.
The CRF's produce is “green”,made within the country and divided into 10
lines,with the Alcohol Series being the most popular.The Exotic Series—
with Sichuan pepper,red bean(豆),cheese and other flavors—also does well
and is fun to taste.And for chocolat e snob s,who think that they have a
better knowledge of chocolate than others,the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa
beans from Togo,Cuba,Venezuela,and Ghana,among others.
1.What is good about chocolate?
A.It serves as a suitable gift.
B.It works as an effective medicine.
C.It helps improve the state of mind.
D.It strengthens business relations.
2.Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF?
A.He knows the importance of research.
B.He learns from shops of similar types.
C.He has the support of many big names.
D.He has a lot of marketing experience.
3.Which line of the CRF produce sells best?
A.The Connoisseur Series.
B.The Exotic Series.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.The Alcohol Series.
D.The Sichuan Series.
4.The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who
.
A.are particular about chocolate
B.know little about cocoa beans
C.look down upon others
D.like to try new flavors
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材是饮食与健康类。巧克力是我们日常生活中很多人喜
爱的一种食品,但是你了解它对我们的情绪有什么影响吗?市场上到底有多少种巧克力?
哪一种最受人们喜爱?一个新加坡人给出了答案。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一句话中的many people's moods(情绪)are regulated
by the chemical action of chocolate可知巧克力可以改善人的心情,故选C项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的...but also head of a marketing department
that...That idea surely results in...可推断出他这种想法的形成得益于他丰富的
市场经验,故选D项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段的with the Alcohol Series being the most
popular可知答案为C项。
4.A 猜测词义题。根据后面定语从句句意“他们认为自己比别人更了解巧克力”可推
断出答案为A项:对巧克力很挑剔。
长难句 Given that many people's moods are regulated by the chemical action
of chocolate,it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the
chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine.鉴于很多人的情绪
会受到巧克力的化学作用的调节,那么有人把巧克力商店变成和销售中药的药店类似的
商店可能只是个时间问题了。
given that意为:考虑到,鉴于……情况,引导原因状语从句。主句中含有一个before引
导的时间状语从句,意为:在……之前。it's just/only a matter of time...……只是
时间问题。
Passage 18(2013江西,C)北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Many people think that listening is a passive business.It is just the
opposite.Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard
work.It is because they do not realize this,or because they are not willing
to do the work,that most people do not listen well.
Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.An
essential part of listening well is the rule known as
‘bracketing’.Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside
of your own prejudices and desires,to experience as far as possible someone
else's world from the inside, steppin g int o hi s o r he r shoe s.Moreover,since
listening well involves bracketing,it also involves a temporary acceptance
of the other person.Sensing this acceptance,the speaker will seem quite
willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener.True
communication is under way.The energy required for listening well is so
great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for
mutual growth.
Most of the time we lack this energy.Even though we may feel in our
business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well,what
we are usually doing is listening selectively.Often we have a prepared list
in mind and wonder,as we listen,how we can achieve certain desired results
to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways
more satisfactory to us.Many of us are far more interested in talking than
in listening,or we simply refuse to listen to what we don't want to hear.
It wasn't until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the
knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有
疗效的).In about a quarter of the patients I saw,surprising improvement was
shown during the first few months of the psychotherapy(心理疗法),before any
of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained.There are several
reasons for this phenomenon,but chief among them,I believe,was the
patient's sense that he or she was being truly listened to,often for the
first time in years,and for some,perhaps for the first time ever.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.The phrase “stepping into his or her shoes”in Paragraph 2 probably
means .
A.preparing a topic list first
B.focusing on one's own mind
C.directing the talk to the desired results
D.experiencing the speaker's inside world
2.What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?
A.How to listen well.
B.What to listen to.
C.Benefits of listening.
D.Problems in listening.
3.According to the author, in communication people tend to .
A.listen actively
B.listen purposefully
C.set aside their prejudices
D.open up their inner mind
4.According to the author, the patients improved mainly because .
A.they were taken good care of
B.they knew they were truly listened to
C.they had partners to talk to
D.they knew the roots of problems
5.What type of writing is the article likely to be?
A.Science fiction.
B.A news report.
C.A medical report.
D.Popular science.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材是科普知识类。在日常交流中我们往往倾向于说而不
愿意听。但是如何倾听他人是一门艺术,掌握它会让我们受益匪浅。作者从医生和病人的
角度论述了该话题。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.D 猜测词义题。根据画线部分前的描述:尽可能去感受另外一个人的内心世界。由此
可以推断出画线部分的意思是:感受说话者的内心世界,故选D项。
2.A 主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句话Listening well also requires total
concentration upon someone else.以及后面对该话题的论述所使用的
includes,involves,required等可知该段的中心就是:如何很好地去倾听,故选A项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的listening selectively,a prepared list in
mind,achieve certain desired results等可以推断出在日常交流中我们倾向于有目
的地、有选择地、为了达到某种想要的结果去听别人说话,故选B项。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句中的he or she was being truly
listened to可知选B项。A、C两项文中没有提及;D项与文章相反。
5.D 推理判断题。本文就如何倾听别人的话展开论述,由此推断这属于大众科学之类。
A:科幻小说;B:新闻报道;C:医学报告;D:大众科学。故选D项。
长难句 The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be
accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.很好地倾
听别人的话需要付出的精力是如此大,以至于只有在我们甘愿尽我们最大努力想去共同
成长时才能达到。
整个句式为so+adj.+that...如此……以至于……,that引导结果状语从句。required
for listening well是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰energy。